INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 17743
First edition
2 01 6-06-01

Energy savings — Definition of a

methodological framework applicable
to calculation and reporting on
energy savings
Économies d’énergie — Définition d’un cadre méthodologique pour le
calcul et la déclaration des économies d’énergies

Reference number
ISO 1 7743 : 2 01 6(E)

© ISO 2 01 6
ISO 17743 :2 016(E)

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 ISO 17743 :2 016(E)

Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ iv
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. v
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Energy savings and methods for determination ................................................................................................................. 3
4.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
4.2 Principles ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
4.3 Energy savings ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
4.4 System boundary(s) ........................................................................................................................................................................... 5
4.5 Energy baseline determination ................................................................................................................................................ 5
4.6 Unadjusted energy savings and adjusted energy savings .................................................................................. 7
4.6.1 General ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
4.6.2 Use of adj ustment(s) .................................................................................................................................................... 9
4.6.3 Types of adjustments ................................................................................................................................................ 1 0
5 Reporting energy savings ......................................................................................................................................................................... 11
5.1 General information on reporting energy savings ................................................................................................ 1 1
5.2 Communication of energy saving results ...................................................................................................................... 1 2
Annex A (informative) Energy savings for different levels of analyses .......................................................................... 13
Annex B (informative) Example of adjustment used in different energy saving
calculation methods ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 16

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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 . In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives) .

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identi fied during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents) .

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation on the meaning of ISO speci fic terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TB T) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information .
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 257, Evaluation of energy savings.

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Introduction
This International Standard aims to provide standards used to determine the energy savings covering
re g i o n s , c i tie s , o rga n i z ati o n s a nd p ro j e c t s .

This International Standard provides a framework with de finitions, types of information used to
evaluate the energy savings in order to enable consistency for the standards developed by ISO/TC 257.
F i g u re 1 i l lu s tr ate s the re l atio n s h i p b e t we e n the d i ffe re n t wo rki n g g ro up s o f I S O/ T C 2 5 7, as we l l as

ISO 50015, developed by ISO/TC 242 which is about energy management.

Figure 1 — Work programme of ISO TC 257

This International Standard may be used by any stakeholder (policy maker, decision maker, company,
organization, NGOs, etc.) that aims to determine energy savings.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17743 :2 016(E)

Energy savings — Definition of a methodological

framework applicable to calculation and reporting on
energy savings

1 Scope
This International Standard establishes a methodological framework that applies to the calculation and
reporting of energy savings from existing (implemented) and prospective measures and actions which
intend to save energy. This framework standard will be applicable to other standards in the field of
energy saving determination.
This International Standard addresses the following in the context of energy savings:
— terminology;
— de finition of the system boundaries;
— principles for the determination of a baseline;
— principles for statistical indicator-based methods;
— data used;
— principles for reporting.

The development of the methodology for measurement and veri fication of the energy savings is not in
the scope of this International Standard.

The methodology of construction of the scenarios for future energy saving measures and actions is not
in the scope of this International Standard.

2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and de finitions apply.
3 .1
baseline period
speci fic period of time before the implementation of energy performance improvement action (3 .7 )
selected for the comparison with the reporting period (3 .11) and the calculation of energy savings (3 .9)

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13273-1:2015, 3.3.8.1, modi fied — “energy performance” replaced by “energy
savings” and deleted “and of energy performance improvement action”]
3 .2
energy
capacity of a system to produce external activity or to perform work
Note 1 to entry: Commonly, the term energy is used for electricity, fuel, steam, heat, compressed air and other
like media.

Note 2 to entry: Energy is commonly expressed as a scalar quantity.

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Note 3 to entry: Work, as used in this de finition, means external supplied or extracted energy to a system. In
mechanical systems, forces in or against direction of movement; in thermal systems, heat supply or heat removal.
Note 4 to entry: In the International Systems of Units, the reference unit for energy is Joule (J).
[SOURCE: ISO 13273-1:2015, 3.1.1, modi fied — added Note 4 to entry]
3.3
energy baseline
quantitative reference(s) providing a basis for comparison of energy performance (3 .6)

Note 1 to entry: An energy baseline usually re flects a speci fied period of time.
Note 2 to entry: An energy baseline can be adjusted using variables which affect energy use and/or consumption,
e.g. production level, degree days (outdoor temperature), occupancy period, etc.
Note 3 to entry: The energy baseline is also used for calculation of energy savings, as a reference before and after
implementation of energy performance improvement actions.
[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2011, 3.6]
3 .4
energy consumption
quantity of energy (3 .2) applied

Note 1 to entry: Energy consumption can be determined with and without or before and after any energy
performance improvement action.

[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2011, 3.7, modi fied — added Note 1 to entry]

3 .5
energy end-user
individual or a group of individuals or organization with responsibility for operating an energy
using system
Note 1 to entry: The energy end-user may differ from the customer who might purchase the energy but does not
necessarily use it.
[SOURCE: ISO 13273-1:2015, 3.1.10, modi fied — added Note 1 to entry]
3 .6
energy performance
measurable results related to energy efficiency, energy use, and energy consumption (3 .4)
[SOURCE: ISO 13273-1:2015, 3.3.1]
3 .7
energy performance improvement action
EPI A
action or measure (or group of actions or measures) implemented or planned within an organization
intended to achieve energy performance improvement through technological, management,
behavioural, economic or other changes

Note 1 to entry: EPIAs are also applicable at project level or country, regions and city level.
Note 2 to entry: In the context of energy savings calculation, EPIAs are generally concerned with energy
efficiency.
Note 3 to entry: In some International Standards, “elementary unit of action” is used instead of EPIA.
[SOURCE: ISO 13273 -1 :2015, 3.3.7, modi fied — added Note 1 to entry, Note 2 to entry and Note 3 to entry]

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3 .8
energy savings
reduction of energy consumption (3 .4 ) compared to an energy baseline
Note 1 to entry: Energy savings can be actual (realized) or expected (predicted).
Note 2 to entry: Energy savings may be the result of implementation of an EPIA (energy performance improvement
action) or autonomous progress .

3 .9
energy using system
physical items with de fined system boundaries, using energy (3 . 2)
EXAMPLE Facility, building, part of a building, machine, equipment, product, etc.
[SOURCE: ISO 13273-1:2015, 3.1.9]
3 .10
adjusted energy savings
energy savings with use of adjustment(s)
Note 1 to entry: The difference in energy consumption with and without or before and after the energy
performance improvement action(s) with the use of adj ustment(s) .

3 .11
reporting period
de fined period of time selected for determination and reporting of energy savings
[SOURCE: ISO 50006:2014, 3.15, modi fied, “calculation” replaced by “determination” and “energy
performance” replaced by “energy savings”]
3 .12
routine adjustment
determinable adjustment made to energy consumption to account for changes in relevant variables
according to a predetermined method

Note 1 to entry: In some International Standards, the term “normalization” is used in preference to “routine
adjustement”, in order to enable different methods of adjustment (commonly based on reference conditions,
baseline period conditions or reporting period conditions) to be distinguished.

[SOURCE: ISO 50015:2014, 3.20, modi fied — “determinable” and Note 1 to entry added and “energy
baseline” replaced by “energy consumption”]
3 .13
unadjusted energy savings
energy savings (3 . 8 ) without any adjustment

4 Energy savings and methods for determination

4.1 General
The choice for the method for calculating and reporting energy savings should be suitable for the
intended use of the results. There are three main methods:

— statistical indicator-based method [2 ][8 ] ;

— measure-based method, including EPI A based methods [1][ 3 ][8 ] ;
— total consumption-based method[3 ] .

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The statistical indicator-based method starts from indicators that relate energy consumption to
a relevant variable (driver). The change in this efficiency indicator is used to calculate savings, by
multiplying it with the value of the relevant variable (driver).
The measure-based method, including EPIA-based methods, aggregates energy savings calculated for
each EPI A or other meas ure implemented.

Total consumption-based method starts from the change in measured energy consumption between
the baseline period and the reporting period.

4.2 Principles
This framework standard introduces the key concepts for calculating energy savings. Energy savings
will be determined as a difference in energy consumption with and without or before and after the
energy performance improvement action(s).
Energy savings are dependent on the system boundary being considered.
If an energy performance improvement action results in an increase in the energy consumption, then
the energy savings are negative.
This C lause describes the different characteris tics of methods as to the following:

— energy savings (4. 3 );

— system boundary(s) (4.4);
— energy baseline and adjustment of energy savings (4. 5 to 4. 6) .

4.3 Energy savings

Energy savings may result from the following:

— facilitating measures intended to encourage an end-user action;
— EPIAs independently taken by energy end-users;
— autonomous progress , other market changes or policies that arise without end-user actions intended
to save energy (these are described in more detail in 4. 6 . 3 . 3 ) .
Facilitating measures, such as regulation, subsidy schemes or voluntary agreements, may encourage
energy end-users to implement energy performance improvement actions. Facilitating measures do not
by themselves result directly in energy savings.
EXAMPLES Minimum energy efficiency performance standards for refrigerators, power transformers and
appliance in general, tax reduction for efficient car, subsidized loans for higher efficiency industrial electric
motors and voluntary agreements with manufacturers to reduce standby energy consumption of televisions.
Energy end-users may take actions that lead to energy savings. These actions are known as energy
performance improvement actions (EPIAs). The EPIAs may be physical, organizational, or behavioural.
EXAMPLES A physical action may be to replace old refrigerators or power transformers by more efficient
ones; an organizational action may be to identify oversized and underloaded electric motors and redistribute the
load; a behavioural action may be to apply eco-driving principles.
Statistical indicator-based methods relate energy consumption at an aggregated level (sector, targeted
energy use, such as all refrigerators or all electric motors in a country) to one relevant variable (driver)
that is (statistically) de fining the change in energy consumption. The change in the indicator value is
used to calculate the s avings . Part of these s avings is considered as the res ult of EPI As that focus on the
energy use covered by the indicator.
EXAMPLE Average floor area of dwellings, energy consumption per m 2 in buildings , average fuel
cons ump tion p er car.

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End-user actions can be the result of facilitating measures but can also be caused by other factors
like high energy prices, autonomous progress, market forces or non-energy government policy. The
indicator values incorporate the effect of all relevant facilitating measures. However, the indicators can
only show their combined effect.
In cases of facilitating measures, the energy savings will be derived from the effect of the end-user
actions stimulated (e.g. for energy audits, the end-user actions to implement the energy saving measures
mentioned in the audit report). These energy savings can be directly calculated and may or may not be
linked to one or more facilitating measures.

For organizations or projects, the change in statistical indicators can be used to calculate energy
savings, as well as direct measurements in the considered system.

4.4 System boundary(s)

The system boundary(s) should be established for the entity to which the energy savings apply, such
as country, region, city, multi-site company, a project, an organization, a system or a speci fic appliance.
EXAMPLE System boundary could be limited to all buildings operated by an organization or to a single
building.

Allocation rules should be established to avoid double counting of energy savings between different
EPIAs that apply within the same boundary. These allocation rules should, when possible, be aligned
with the logical order of energy using systems and processes. These allocation rules should be recorded.
EXAMPLE In a building (physical boundary), two actions are implemented, insulation of the building
envelope and change of the central heating boiler. Double counting occurs when their interaction is not taken into
account. The building’s manager will determine the energy savings by firstly considering the energy savings due
to improvement of the building envelope and then the savings due to the higher efficiency boiler for the reduced
heating load.

4.5 Energy baseline determination

The energy baseline represents the reference situation appropriate to the energy savings determination
and should be documented. The choice of this baseline and the baseline period affects the resulting
energy savings [4][5 ] .
The energy baseline may be time related (for comparing energy consumption before and after EPIA, see
Keys 1 and 2 in Figure 2 below) or case related (for comparing energy consumption with and without
EPIA, see Keys 4 and 2 in Figure 2 below).
NO TE 1 Using a representative sample (participating / non-participating) is an illus tration of a case-
dependant energy baseline.
The relevant variables (e.g. production volume, temperature, building area) affecting energy use or
consumption in the baseline period should be documented. If this is different from the service level in
the reporting period, then the energy consumption of the baseline period or the reporting period or
both should be adj usted to enable a fair comparison to be made. It will be for the person determining
the energy savings to decide and report on whether or not adjustement is required, taking into account
factors, such as the purpose for which the energy savings are being determined, type of available data
and data quality.
There can be multiple types of baseline.
— If the equipment having the average energy performance in the market at reporting period is
applied.

— If the equipment having the average energy performance in the market at baseline period was
applied.

— The equipment used in the baseline period is still in use.

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When determining energy savings at a regional level due to changes in energy using systems (e.g.
building, appliance, car, etc.), the baseline may be determined by Figure 2 , reference to the stock in use,
as one possible option for Figure 2 , Key 1.

NOTE 2 The energy savings can be determined using the difference in the values for a statistical indicator
such as speci fic energy consumption (SEC) of the new energy using system compared to the average energy
performance of energy using system for an equivalent service level which is already in use.
Reference to the market, as one possible option for Figure 2 , Key 4.
NOTE 3 The energy savings can be determined using the difference in the values for a statistical indicator
such as speci fic energy consumption (SEC) of the new energy using system and the average of solutions available
on the market in the baseline period.

Key
Y energy consumption, in Joules
1 energy baseline based on the situation before the EPIA (can be determined based on speci fic conditions or on
average conditions such as stock average for buildings or equipment)

2 energy consumption of the reporting period [after (or with) the EPIA]
3 energy savings based on a before/after comparison (1–2)
4 energy baseline based on the situation without the EPIA (can be determined based on market average or
minimum energy performance standards for example)
5 energy savings based on a without/with comparison (4–2)
NOTE All quantities are expressed in energy units.

Figure 2 — Quali fication of unadjusted energy savings depending on the reference situation

Criteria for the choice of one of these options could be linked to the lifespan of the EPI A or the speed of
stock turnover.

— With equipment with a short lifetime, the reference to the market-share weighted performance
of the products available on the market is relevant (e.g. changing domestic appliances, such as
refrigerators, television, light bulbs) .

— For an investment planned with the intention to save energy for a long period of time, reference
to the stock in use is more relevant (e.g. improvement of the thermal performance of the building shell) .

Depending on the availability of data (such as with large scale programmes of EPIAs), a representative
sample may be used for de fining the baseline. The energy savings are accounted as the difference
between the reference representative sample not participating in the energy performance improvement
action and a sample participating in the said action.

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The energy baseline should be reviewed periodically to ensure it is still appropriate for the purpose of
the determination of energy savings.
NOTE 4 In organizations undertaking continuous improvement as part of an energy management system, a
moving baseline calculated with reference to the immediately preceding year or years’ energy consumption may
be appropriate.

4.6 Unadjusted energy savings and adjusted energy savings

4.6.1 General
Unadjusted energy savings are the change in energy consumption expressed as the difference between
the energy baseline and the energy consumption for the reporting period. The unadjusted energy
savings are presented in Figure 3 as Key C.

The adjusted energy savings ( Figure 4, Key F or Key I or Figure 5, Key N) are derived for the observed
situation using adjustment on the energy baseline ( Figure 4, Key E) or on energy consumption of the
reporting period (Figure 4 , Key H), or on both the baseline (Figure 5, Key K) and the energy consumption
of the reporting period (Figure 5, Key M).
The in fluence of adjustment can be positive or negative as their in fluence can result in a reduction or an
increase of the adjusted energy savings as compared to the unadjusted energy savings.

Keys
Y energy consumption, in Joules
A energy baseline
B energy consumption of the reporting period [after (or with) the EPIA]
C unadjusted energy savings ([A]-[B])
NOTE All quantities are expressed in energy units.

Figure 3 — Determination of unadjusted energy savings

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Keys
Y energy consumption, in Joules
A energy baseline
B energy consumption of the reporting period [after (or with) the EPIA]
D adjusted energy baseline ([A]+[E])
E adjustments (difference in the value for the energy consumption) on energy baseline (can be a positive or
negative value)

F adjusted energy savings (adjustment on the energy baseline) ([D]-[B])

G adjusted energy consumption of the reporting period ([B]+[H])
H adjustments (difference in the value for the energy consumption) on the energy consumption of the reporting
period (can be a positive or negative value)

I adjusted energy savings (adjustment on the energy consumption of the reporting period) ([A]-[G])
NOTE All quantities are expressed in energy units.

Figure 4 — Determination of adjusted energy savings with adjustement on the energy baseline
or on the energy consumption of the reporting period

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Keys
Y energy consumption, in Joules
A energy baseline
B energy consumption of the reporting period
J adjusted energy baseline ([A]+[K])
K adjustments (difference in the value for the energy consumption) on the energy baseline (can be a positive or
negative value)

L adjusted energy consumption of the reporting period ([B]+[M])

M adjustments (difference in the value for the energy consumption) on the energy consumption of the reporting
period (can be a positive or negative value)

N adjusted energy savings (adjustment on both the energy baseline and the energy consumption of the reporting
period) ([J]-[L])
NOTE All quantities are expressed in energy units.

Figure 5 — Determination of adjusted energy savings with adjustment on both the energy
baseline and the energy consumption during the reporting period

Annexes A and B present the application of Figures 3 , 4 and 5 to different cases applicable at the country
level or at the organization level.

4.6.2 Use of adjustment(s)

Unadjusted energy savings include all effects due to EPIAs, policy-induced actions (from external
authorities or inside an organization), autonomous progress. Where energy savings need to be allocated
between different energy performance improvement actions, the assumptions and decisions should be
explained and recorded for traceability.
Adjusted energy savings ( Figure 4, Key F or I, or Figure 5, Key N) are derived from the unadjusted
energy savings ( Figure 4, Key C) after adjustment of the energy baseline ( Figure 4, Key E), or of the
energy consumption of the reporting period ( Figure 4, Key H), or both of the energy baseline ( Figure 5,
Key K), and of the energy consumption of the reporting period ( Figure 5 , Key M).

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These adjustments may impact the determination of the structure effects and the value of energy
co n s u mp ti o n i n the re p o r ti n g p e r io d .

EXAMPLE Adjustment(s) may be done by considering weather conditions (temperature), occupancy patterns
for hours of operation, production amount or quantity of products manufactured, compared to identical situation
a s p r e s e n te d i n th e b a s e l i ne .

NOTE In practice, impacts on energy savings due to autonomous progress can often be included in the
(adjusted) energy baseline when using statistical indicator-based method.

4.6.3 Types of adjustments

4.6.3.1 General
The adjustments can be grouped into two main types:
— routine adjustments;
— no n- ro u ti ne adj u s tme n ts .

The use of these adjustments may be applied to the energy baseline or the unadjusted energy savings
o r b o th .

4.6.3.2 Routine adjustments

In order to understand calculated energy savings, energy consumption before and after (or with and
without) end-user actions may need to be adjusted to provide an estimate of energy consumption under
co mp a rab le c o n d i tio n s .

Routine adjustments are based on an energy consumption model which is used to take into account
ch a n ge s i n re l e va n t va r i ab l e s u n de r co nd i ti o n s whe re the mo de l i s c o n s ide re d to b e va l i d .

Example of relevant variable 1: adaptation for weather conditions (e.g. degree days for heating).
E x a mp le o f re le va n t va r i ab le 2 : ch a n ge s i n p ro duc tio n vo lu me .

Routine adjustments should be applied consistently, even if they may appear to be quite small in
magnitude. Otherwise, there is a risk that when comparing resultant energy savings between different
periods or between similar systems, one set of savings will have been adjusted but another may not
h ave b e e n , wh i ch co u ld le ad to a n i nco r re c t a s s e s s me nt o f the e ffe c ti ve ne s s o f the e n d- u s e r ac tio n s .

EXAMPLE Energy savings are being compared between two stores in a retail chain that both had
improvements made to their air-conditioning systems. One store is in an area where there is a large difference
between summer and winter climate conditions, in the other external temperatures do not vary so much.
H o we ve r, b o th s to r e s h ave to m a ke r o u ti n e adj u s tme n t s fo r l o c a l c l i m ate , i n o r d e r to p r o v i de a fa i r c o mp a r i s o n

b e t we e n the t wo E PI A i n te r ve n ti o n s .

4.6.3.3 Non-routine adjustments

Non-routine adjustment(s) may be required where there are effects that signi ficantly in fluence energy
consumption, but which occur relatively infrequently and are not as a result of any intentional EPIAs or
policy-induced measures.

4.6.3.3.1 Structural effects

S tr uc tu r a l e ffe c ts a r i s e a s a re s u l t o f ch a n ge i n ac ti vi ti e s o r s e r v ic e s :

E x a mp le 1 : lo n ge r o p e n i n g ho u r s o f s ho p s a nd/o r p u b l i c b u i ld i n gs .

E x a mp le 2 : ch a n ge fro m h a nd wa s h i n g o f c lo the s to wa s h i n g m ach i ne s .

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Example 3: changes in the floor area of dwellings.

E xample 4: modal shift from road transportation to rail transportation.

Example 5: shift from energy intensive industry (steel, paper, cement) to light industry (equipment
industry, electronics, software) and services.
One way to reduce the impact of the structure effects is by the disaggregation of activities. This can
be done for organizations, cities, regions, or countries. The level of disaggregation may have a strong
in fluence on the results of structure effects. Due to restricted data availability, it is not always possible
to correct for all structure effects. For example, at national level, instead of analysing the relationship
between energy consumption and variables at overall industry level, it can be done at sectoral levels,
chemicals versus equipment or sub-sectoral levels (basic chemicals, pharmaceutical) .

4.6.3.3.2 Autonomous progress

Savings due to autonomous progress occur without being a direct consequence of the EPI A(s)
considered. Autonomous savings are driven by competitive pressure to save costs (including energy
costs) and/or normal technological progress to provide new products or services. They are included in
Figure 4 in Key H.

Example 1: electronic control systems instead of electromechanical control systems for energy
using systems
Example 2: development of catalysts operating at lower temperature leads to reduced energy
consumption

Example 3: use of plastics for car bodies reduces the weight and as a consequence reduces the energy
consumption

Autonomous progress can also lead to negative savings.

Example Use of membrane technologies (reverse osmosis, ultra- filtration) replacing resins for water
treatment as this technology requires higher pressure and consequently uses more electrical energy.

4.6.3.3.3 Other non-routine adjustments

O ther non-routine adj ustments arise from price effects, multiplier effects and the rebound effect.

Methods for applying these non-routine adjustments are presented in References [1], [2 ] and [3 ].

5 Reporting energy savings

5.1 General information on reporting energy savings
The basis of reporting is the transparency and traceability of information used for the different options
and choices of the energy saving determination during the entire process.
This requires that information is presented in sufficient detail to allow the user to assess the quality of
the information.

Reporting of energy savings may include the following information and/or assumptions regarding the
following:

— purpose of the energy saving determination (intended use and scope);

— identi fication of the EPIA(s) or measure(s);
— who ordered;
— who undertook the determination of energy savings;
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— period of time for which the energy savings are accounted for;
— date of report and period for which the results are valid, if relevant;
— method used for the energy savings determination
— system boundary(s);
— energy baseline;
— assumptions for adjustment of the energy savings measured/observed/estimated;
— allocation of energy savings when different EPIAs apply within the same system boundary(s) to
avoid double counting;
— type of data (metered, monitored, estimated, calculated, including methods used for routine and
non-routine adj us tments)

— data sources (official statistics, energy bills, etc.);

— additional characteristics may be presented if relevant and useful;
— data collection methods (e.g. frequency, sampling characteristics);
I f applicable, reasons for exclusion of data should be reported

— preservation of data;
— accuracy of results (uncertainty);
— statement regarding veri fication of the results, if relevant.

5.2 Communication of energy saving results

The communication from the report may be simpli fied according to the following rules.
— The expression of results in final energy for the different category of energy carriers or primary
energy should be documented.
NOTE Energy savings may be expressed in terms of energy delivered to the boundaries or as equivalent
primary energy, but it is outside the scope of this International Standard to explain how these are related.
— Care should be taken that they do not give a misleading impression of the overall energy savings, for
example, by focusing on successful EPIAs but omitting ones that have shown poor results. Reporting
should, as far as poss ible, be fair and give a complete picture of the overall s avings .

— Results may be presented separately for all EPIAs or measures (if relevant).

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 ISO 17743 :2 016(E)

Annex A
(informative)

Energy savings for different levels of analyses

Figure A.1 shows how the change in energy consumption over a period (Key 10) can be split into
different contributions. The base year energy consumption (Key 2) changes due to volume effect (Key
6), structural effect (Key 7), and total savings (Key 8), resulting in the actual energy consumption (Key
9) for the calculation year (Key 3).

Key
1 energy consumption (unit) 8 total savings

2 base year 9 energy consumption in calculation year

3 calculation year 10 observed change in energy consumption
4 energy consumption in base year 11 autonomous savings

5 energy trend (due to socio-economic activities) 12 deliberate action savings

6 volume effect 13 policy direct savings

7 structural effect 14 policy indirect savings

Figure A.1 — Split of change in energy consumption including policy/deliberate savings

The total savings can be divided further into autonomous savings (Key 11), deliberate savings (Key 12),
and direct or indirect policy savings (Keys 13 and 14).
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ISO 17743 :2 016(E)

Autonomous savings occur without a deliberate intervention to save energy, either from the users,
themselves, or the policy makers. Technology might progress, even without any policy, for example
by the introduction of hybrid vehicles, or production of base chemicals at lower temperature by using
catalysts.
Savings due to policy measures are called policy-induced savings. These are important from the
viewpoint of policy effectiveness. Policy can have a direct result (Key 13), e.g. national standards about
maximum energy consumption of appliances. Or it can have an indirect result (Key 14), for example,
requirements placed on other organizations (e.g. lowering of the speed limit implemented for safety
reasons results in energy savings).
Other savings can be realized by stakeholders, such as socially responsible companies, non-
governmental organizations (NGO), or cities on their own accord. These deliberate savings (Key 12)
are neither autonomous nor policy induced. The deliberate and policy savings can overlap, e.g. because
b e h av i o u ra l c h a n ge s as to use of ap p l i a nc e s h ave a s ma l ler e ffe c t whe n ap p l i a nc e s c o n s u me le s s

electricity due to minimum efficiency standards. Therefore, the three saving effects do not add up to
the o ve ra l l e ffe c t.

When policy measures to stimulate savings are already in place for a long time, the demarcation
between autonomous savings (Key 11) and policy/deliberate savings (Keys 12 to 14) can be difficult to
de te r m i ne .

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 ISO 17743 :2 016(E)

Annex B
(informative)

Example of adjustment used in different energy saving

calculation methods

Table B .1 presents some adj ustments that can be used depending on the selection of the method used
for the determination of the energy savings.

Table B.1 — Example of adjustment according to the general types of methods

NOTE The free rider effect can be estimated through, for example, a comparison with energy savings
realized in similar circumstances but without the subsidy scheme.
multiplier effect
effect of a facilitating measure after the measure has ended or in fields outside the focus
EXAMPLE Temporarily promotion of efficient appliances changes the market for these appliances in such a way
that further penetration occurs after ending the promotion activity.
Note 1 to entry: In this International Standard, the multiplier effect is used for calculations at high aggregation
level (e. g. all dwellings) , while the term consequential effects can be used at lower aggregation level (e.g. individ-
ual company) in other standards.

rebound effect
change in energy using behaviour that yields an increased level of service and that occurs as a result of
taking an end-use action

EXAMPLE Some households can take some of the bene fits of energy efficiency improvements to their
home in the form of higher internal temperatures, and so use more energy than might be calculated
from the end-user action.

Note 1 to entry: The rebound effect can take many forms. Apart from the case in the example (higher
internal temperature setting), the effect is often difficult to determine.

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ISO 17743 :2 016(E)

Bibliography

[1] ISO 17741, General technical rules for measurement, calculation and verification of energy savings
of projects
[2] ISO 17742, Energy efficiency and savings calculation for countries, regions and cities
[3] ISO 17747, Determination of energy savings in organizations1)
[4] ISO 50001:2011, Energy management systems — Requirements with guidance for use
[5] ISO 50006:2014, Energy management systems — Measuring energy performance using energy
baselines (EnB) and energy performance indicators (EnPI) — General principles and guidance
[6] ISO 50015:2014, Energy management systems — Measurement and verification of energy
performance of organizations — General principles and guidance
[7] ISO/IEC 13273-1:2015, Energy efficiency and renewable energy sources — Common international
terminology — Part 1: Energy efficiency
[8] EN 16212, Energy Efficiency and Savings Calculation, Top-down and Bottom-up Methods

1) To be published.

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ISO 17743 :2 016(E)

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