Cl

ass10SocialSci
ence(
Economi
cs)
Chapt
er1-Devel
opmentNot
es
1.I
ntr
oduct
ion
-Devel
opmentalgoal
sofanypar
ti
cul
ari
dea
var
yfrom per
sontoperson.
-Apartf
rom per
sonaldev
elopment,
we
shoul
ddefi
nitel
ythi
nkofacountr
y'
s
devel
opment.
-Dev el
opmentisdefi
nedasthepeople’
s
economi cgrowt
h,al
ongwiththegrowthof
theirbasi
cneedsli
keeducat
ion,heal
th,
l
ifestyl
e,et
c.
2.I
ncomeandot
hergoal
s
-Moneyisconsi
der
edtobethebasi
cneed
ofpeopl
eandtoful
fi
ll
thei
rdai
ly
r
equi
rement
smaki
ngmoneyori
ncomei
s
v
eryi
mpor
tant
.
-Moneyi srequi
redtobuymat er
ial
ist
ic
thingsaswellasfreedom,secur
ity
,
treatment
,respecttomaint
ainaqualit
y
l
ifestyl
e.
-Hence,
devel
opment
algoal
sarenecessar
y
togetabet
teri
ncomeandothert
hingsi
n
l
ife.
3.Nat
ionalDev
elopment
-Iti
sdefi
nedasacountr
y’sabi
li
tyt
o
enhancethel
i
vingst
andardsofi
ts
resi
dent
s.
-Improv ementinpeopl e’
sliv
ingstandar
ds,
provi
dingbasi cthingstociti
zensl
ikefood,
education,socialservi
ce,medical
aid,et
c,
andincreaseinpercapi t
aincome,is
refer
redt oasNat ionaldevel
opment .
4.Howcanyoudiff
erent
iat
edi
ff
erent
count
ri
esorst
ates?
-I
ncomeisakeyf
eat
uret
ocompar
e
count
ri
es.
-Nationali
ncome: itist
hesum oft hetot
al
valueofthecount r
y’sgoodsandser vi
ces
producedinay ear.Asev erycountr
yhasa
dif
ferentpopul
ationrate,soNat i
onal
i
ncomecannotbeconsi deredtocompare
betweendiffer
entcount ri
es.
-Percapit
aincome:i
tisal
socall
edaverage
i
ncome, defi
nedasacountr
y'
stotal
earni
ngsdivi
dedbythewholepopul
ati
on.It
showsthelivi
ngst
andardoftheci
ti
zensof
thecountr
y.
5.I
ncomeandot
hercr
it
eri
a
-Toachi
eveagoal
,peopl
eear
nmor
eand
wantrespectfr
om other
s,t
hesecur
it
yof
t
heirl
i
v es,andfr
eedom.
-Netattendancerati
o: def
inedasthetotal
numberofchi l
dren,theagegr oupfr
om 14
yearsat
t endi
ngtheschool from t
hetotal
percent
ageofchi l
dreni nt
hesameage
group.
-Liter
acyrate:iti
sthetotalnumberof
peopleabov e7y ear
swhocanwr it
e,read
andunder stand.I
ftheli
teracyrateishi gh,
thenthest atei
sconsideredt obe
developed.Keralahasthehi ghestl
iteracy
rateof96.2%andAndhr aPradeshhast he
l
owestl i
teracyrateof66.4%.
-I
nfantmor t
ali
tyr
ate:i
tisthetotalnumber
ofchil
drenthatdi
einoney earofageasa
propor
tionof1000birt
hsinay ear.Itshows
howef f
ici
entheal
thfaci
li
ti
esarei nany
country
.Keral
ahasthelowestinfant
mor t
ali
tyr
ate,t
hati
sdeat hsper1000li
ve
bi
rthsandMadhy aPradeshhasthehighest
mor t
ali
tyr
atethati
s48per1000l ivebi
rt
hs
i
nIndia.
6.HumanDev
elopmentI
ndex
-TheUnit
edNationsDev el
opment
Progr
amme( UNDP)pr eparest
hisi
ndex,
in
whichanannualreportofhuman
devel
opmentispublishedev er
yyear
.
-Themaj orparametersi
ncludepercapi
ta
i
ncome, l
i
teracyr
ate,anddurabi
li
tyofa
person’sli
fe,whi
chmeasuret hecount
ri
es’
development .
-Countri
esaremar
kedasveryhi
gh,hi
gh,
medium, andl
owdevel
opedcount
ri
es
respect
ivel
y.
7.Bodymassi ndex(BMI):Iti
smeasur ed
tomeasur et headult
swhoar e
undernourishedbycal cul
ati
ngthewei ghtof
theperson( kg)divi
dedbyt hesquareoft he
height
.Ifthev aluei
slessthan18. 5,
the
personisunder nouri
shedandi fiti
smor e
than25,thent hepersonishighlyobese.
8.Publ
icFaci
li
ti
es
-Publ
icf
acil
i
tiespl
ayamaj orr
olei
nthe
devel
opmentofthecount
ry.
-Thesearethef aci
lit
iesprovi
dedbythe
governmentli
keschool s,t
ranspor
tat
ion,
el
ectri
cit
y,hospital
s,resi
dences,
communi tyhal
ls,etc.
9.Sust
ainabl
eDev
elopment
-I
tist
hedevel
opmentthatmeet
sal
lneeds
oft
oday’
sgener
ati
on.
-I
tist
hedevel
opmentofanat
ionwi
thout
af
fect
ingt
heenvi
ronment
.
-Toachiev
esustainabl
edev el
opment
,we
shoul
dusenon-renewableresour
cessuch
ascarbon-
basedfuelwisel
y.