List of Topics

1 Estimation

HKDSE Mathematics 2 Percentages

2A Basic percentages
2B Discount, profit and loss
2C Interest
Compulsory Part 3 Indices and Logarithms
3A Laws of indices
3B Logarithms
Paper 1 3C Exponential and logarithmic equations

4 Polynomials
4A Factorization, H.C.F. and L.C.M. ofpolynomials
Past paper questions - sorted by topic 4B Division algorithm, remainder theorem and factor theorem
5 Formulas

6 Identities, Equations and the Number System

6A Simple equations
HKCEE Mathematics (HKCEE MA- 1980 to 2011) 6B Nature of roots of quadratic equations
HKCEE Additional Mathematics (HKCEE AM- 1980 to 2011) 6C Roots and coefficients of quadratic equations
HKALE Mathematics and Statistics (HKALE MS - 1994 to 2013) 6D Complex numbers
HKDSE Mathematics (HKDSE MA - SP, PP, 2012 to 2020) 7 Functions and Graphs
7A General functions
7B Quadratic functions and their graphs
7C Extreme values of quadratic functions
7D Solving equations using graphs of functions
7E Transfonnation of graphs of functions
Recommendation:
Major efforts should be placed on the HKDSE questions, followed by HKCEE MA ones. Some topics (such 8 Rate, Ratio and Variation
as 6C, 16D and 17A) have not been in the HKCEE MA syllabus, and the reader should rely on the questions 8A Rate and Ratio
from HKCEE AM and HKALE MS. For most topics, however, those latter questions can serve as stretching 8B Travel graphs
goals for readers who wish to aim higher. 8C Variation
The recommended printing scale is "97% of the original". 9 Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences
9A General tenns and summations of sequences
9B Applications
Disclaimer.
10 Inequalities and Linear Programming
Some questions are slightly modified (with question numbers in parentheses) to fit into the current syllabus. l OA Linear inequalities in one unknown
The :fitting might sometimes not be optimal. 10B Quadratic inequalities in one unknown
lOC Problems leading to quadratic inequalities in one unknown
10D Linear programming (with given region)
lOE Linear programming (without given region)
11 Geometry of Rectilinear Figures
I IA Angles in intersecting lines and polygons
11B Congruent and similar triangles
2
12 Geometry of Circles
12A Angles and chords in circles
12B Tangents of circles

13 Basic Trigonometry
13A Trigonometric functions
13B Trigonometric ratios in right-angled triangles

14 Applications of Trigonometry
14A Two-dimensional applications
14B Three-dimensional applications

15 Mensuration
15A Lengths and areas of plane figures
15B Volumes and surface areas of solids
15C Similar plane figures and solids

16 Coordinate Geometry
16A Transformation in the rectangular coordinate plane
16B Straight lines in the rectangular coordinate plane
16C Circles in the rectangular coordinate plane
16D Loci in the rectangular coordinate plane
16E Polar coordinates
17 Counting Principles and Probability
17A Counting principles
17B Probability (short questions)
l7C Probability (structural questions)

18 Statistics
18A Presentation of data
18B Measures of central tendency
18C Measures of dispersion

4
 1. ESTIMATION

1.6 HKCEEMA2011-I-4
(a) Round off 8091.1908 to the nearest ten.

1 Estimation (b)
(c)
Round up 8091.1908 to 3 significant figures.
Round down 8091.1908 to 3 decimal places.

1.7 HKDSEMA2013 I 8
1.1 HKCEE MA2006 I 11
Apack of sea salt is termed regular if its weight is measured as 100 g correct to the nearest g.
In the figure, ABCDEF is a thin six-sided polygonal metal sheet, where all the measurements are correct to
the nearest cm. A 18 cm B ( a) Find the least possible weight of a regular pack of sea salt.
(a) Write down the maximum absolute error of the measurements.
L. (b) Is it possible that the total weight of 32 regular packs of sea salt is measured as 3.1 kg correct to the
nearest 0.1 kg? Explain your answer.
(b) Find the least possible area of the metal sheet. 12cm
(c) The actual area of the metal sheet is xcm2 . Find the range of D
values ofx. C 1.8 HKDSEMA2014-I-3
2cm (a) Round up 123.45 to 1 significant figure.
r
F 15cm E (b) Round off 123.45 to the nearest integer.
(c) Round down 123.45 to 1 decimal place.
1.2 HKCEE MA 2007-I- 10
(a) If the length of a piece of thin metal wire is measured as 5 cm correct to the nearest cm, find the least 1.9 HKDSEMA2017-I-9
possible length of the metal wire. Abottle is termed standard if its capacity is measured as 200 mL correct to the nearest 10 mL.
(b) The length of a piece of thin metal wire is measured as 2.0 m correct to the nearest 0.1 m. (a) Fmd the least possible capacity of a standard bottle.
(i) Is it possible that the actual length of this metal wire exceeds 206 cm? Explain your answer.
(b) Someone claims that the total capacity of 120 standard bottles can be measured as 23.3 L correct to the
(ii) Is it possible to cut this metal wire into 46 pieces of shorter metal wires, with each length measured nearest 0.1 L. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
as 5 cm correct to the nearest cm? Explain your answer.

1.3 HKCEEMA2008 I 7 1.10 HKDSEMA 2018 I 3

(a) Round up 265.473 to the nearest integer.
John wants to buy the following items in a supermarket:
(b) Round down 265.473 to 1 decimal place.
U1,1if:pri¢e:_-,, (c) Round off 265.473 to 2 significant figures.
4 packs
$16.3 per box 3 boxes 1.1 l HKDSE MA 2020 - I - 3
$4.8 per can 2cans
(a) Roundup 534.7698 totbenearesthundred.
(a) By rounding up the unit price of each item to the nearest dollar, estimate the total amount that John
should pay. (b) Round down 534.7698 to 2 decimal places.
(b) If John has only $100, does he have enough money to buy all the items needed? Use the result of (a) to
explain your answer. (c) Round off 534.7698 to 2 significant figures.

1.4 HKCEEMA2009 -I - 4
Round off 405.504 to
(a) the nearest integer,
(b) 2 decimal places,
{c) 2 significant figures.

1.5 HKCEEMA2010-l-8
Three students, Peter, John and Henry have $16.8, $24.3 and $32.5 respectively.
{a) By rounding down the amount owned by each student to the nearest dollar, estimate the total amount
they have.
{b) If the three students want to buy a football of price $70, will they have enough money to buy the football?
Use the result of (a) to explain your answer.

5
 2. PERCENTAGES

2A.7 HKDSEMA2012-I 4
The daily wage of Ada is 20% higher than that of Billy while the daily wage of Billy is 20% lower than that
2 Percentages of Christine. It is given that the daily wage of Billy is $480.
(a) Find the daily wage of Ada.
(b) Who has the highest daily wage? Explain your answer.

2A Basic percentages
2A.8 HKDSEMA2016 I 5
2A.1 HKCEE MA 1989 I (Also as 8A.4.)
In a recreation club, there are 180 members and the number of male members is 40% more than the number
(a) The monthly income of a man is increased from $8000 to $9000. Find the percentage increase.
of female members. Find the difference of the number of male members and the number of female members.
(b) After the increase, the ratio of his savings to his expenditure is 3 : 7 for each month. How much does he
save each month?
2A.9 HKDSE MA 2020 I
In a recruitment exercise, the number of male applicants is 28% more than the number of female
2A.2 HKCEE MA 2002 - I - 6 applicants. The difference of the number of male applicants and the number of female applicants is 91 .
Find the number of male applicants in the recruitment exercise. (4 marks)
The radius of a circle is 8 cm. A new circle is formed by increasing the radius by 10%.
(a) Find the area of the new circle in terms of n.
(b) Find the percentage increase in the area of the circle.

2A.3 HKCEEMA 2006 I 6

The weight of Tom is 20% more than that of John. It is given that Tom weighs 60 kg.
(a) Find the weight of John.
(b) The weight of Susan is 20% less than that of Tom. Are Susan and John of the same weight? Explain
your answer.

2A.4 HKCEE MA 2008 I 8

There are 625 boys in a school and the number of girls is 28% less than that of boys.
(a) Find the number of girls in the school.
(b) There are 860 local students in the school.
(i) Find the percentage of local students in the school.
(ii) It is given that 80% of the boys are local students. If x% of the girls are also local students, write
down the value of x.

2A.5 HKCEEMA 2009 - I - 7

In a survey, there are 172 male interviewees. The number of female interviewees is 75% less than that of
male interviewees. Find
(a) the number of female interviewees,
(b) the percentage of female interviewees in the survey.

2A.6 HKCEE MA 2010 I 7

Mary has 50 badges. The number of badges owned by Tom is 30% less than that owned by Mary.
(a) How many badges does Tom have?
(b) IfMary gives a certain number of her badges to Tom, will they have the same number of badges?
Explain your answer.

8
 2. PERCENTAGES

2B Discount, profit and loss 2B.8 HKCEEMA2007 I 6

2B.1 HKCEEMA1990 I I The marked price of a vase is $400. The vase is sold at a discount of 20% on its marked price.
Aperson bought 10 gold coins at $3000 each and later sold them all at $2700 each. (a) Find the selling price of the vase.
(a) Find the tot.al loss. (b) Aprofit of $70 is made by selling the vase. Find the percentage profit.
(b) Find the percentage loss.
2B.9 HKCEEMA2011 I 7
2B.2 HKCEEMA1994-1-6 The marked price of a birthday cake is $360. The birthday cake is sold at a discount of 45% on its marked
price.
Amerchant bought an article for $.x. He put it in his shop for sale at a marked price 70% higher than its cost.
The article was then sold to a customer at a discount of 5%. (a) Find the selling price of the birthday cake.
(a) What was the percentage gain for the merchant by selling the article? (b) If the marked price of the birthday cake is 80% above its cost, determine whether there will be a gain or
a loss after selling the birthday cake. Explain your answer.
(b) If the customer paid $2907 for the article, find the value of x.

2B.10 HKDSEMASP I 4
2B.3 HKCEE MA 1995 I 4
The marked price of a handbag is $560. It is given that the marked price ofthe handbag is 40% higher than
Mr. Cheung bought a flat in 1993 for $2400000. He made a profit of 30% when he sold the flat to Mr. Lee the cost.
in 1994.
(a) Find the cost of the handbag.
(a) Find the price of the flat thatMr. Lee paid.
(b) Ifthe handbag is sold at $460, find the percentage profit.
(b) Mr. Lee then sold the flat in 1995 for $3 000 000. Find his percentage gain or loss.

2B.11 HKDSEMA PP I 4
2B.4 HKCEEMA I 998 - I 7
The cost of a chair is $360. If the chair is sold at a discount of 20% on its marked price, then the percentage
The marked price of a toy car is $29. It is sold at a discount of20%. profit is 30%. Find the marked price of the chair.
(a) Find the selling price of the toy car.
(b) If the cost of the toy car is $18, find the percentage profit.
2B.12 HKDSEMA2014 I 6
2B.S HKCEEMA2001 I 8 The marked price of a toy is $255. The toy is now sold at a discount of 40% on its marked price.
(a) Find the selling price of the toy.
The price of a textbook was $80 last year. The price is increased by 20% this year.
(b) If the percentage profit is 2%, find the cost of the toy.
(a) Find the new price.
(b) Peter is given a 20% discount when buying the textbook from a bookstore this year. How much does he
pay for this book? 2B.13 HKDSE MA 2015 I 6
The cost of a book is $250. The book is now sold and the percentage profit is 20%.
2B.6 HKCEEMA2003 I 5 (a) Find the selling price of the book.
A handbag costs $400. The marked price of the handbag is 20% above the cost. It is sold at a 25% discount (b) If the book is sold at a discount of 25% on its marked price, find the marked price of the book.
on the marked price.
(a) Find the selling price of the handbag. 2B.14 HKDSE MA 2018 I 7
(b) Find the percentage profit or percentage loss.
The marked price of a vase is 30% above its cost. A loss of $88 is made by selling the vase at a discount of
40% on its marked price. Find the marked price of the vase.
2B.7 HKCEEMA2005 I 6
The cost of a calculator is $160. If the calculator is sold at its marked price, then the percentage profit is 2B.15 HKDSEMA2019-I 5
25%.
A wallet is sold at a discount of25% on its marked price. The selling price of the wallet is $690.
(a) Find the marked price of the calculator.
(b) If the calculator is sold at a I 0% discount on the marked price, find the percentage profit or percentage (a) Find the marked price of the wallet.
loss. (b) After selling the wallet, the percentage profit is 15%. Find the cost of the wallet.

10
 2. PERCENTAGES

2C Interest 2C.5 HKCEE MA 2000 1 10

2C.1 HKCEE MA 1983(A/B) -1 -6 (a) Solve 10x2+9x-22=0.
(b) Mr. Tung deposited $10000 in a bank on his 25th birthday and $9000 on his 26th birthday. The interest
The compound interest on $1000 at 10% per annum for 3 years, compounded yearly, equals the simple
was compounded yearly at r% p.a., and the total amount he received on his 27th birthday was $22000.
interest on another $1000 at r% per annum for the same period of time. Calculate r to 2 decimal places.
Findr.
2C.2 HKCEEMA1991 1 3 (Also as SA.6.}
2C.6 HKCEE MA 2004 I 3
A man buys some British pounds(£) with 150000 Hong Kong dollars (HK$) at the rate £1 = HK$15.00 and
puts it on fixed deposit for 30 days. The rate of interest is 14.60% per annum. A sum of $5000 is deposited at 2% p.a. for 3 years, compounded yearly. Find the interest correct to the
(a) How much does he buy in British pounds? nearest dollar.
(b) Find the amount in British pounds at the end of 30 days.
(Suppose 1 year= 365 days and the interest is calculated at simple interest.)
(c) If he sells the amount in (b) at the rate of £1 = HK$14.50, how much does he get in Hong Kong
dollars?
2C.3 HKCEEMA1993-l-l(a)
What is the simple interest on $100 for 6 months at 3% p.a.?
2C.4 HKCEEMA 1996-1-12
Bank A offers personal loans at an interest rate of 18% per annum. For each successive month after the day
when the loan is taken, loan interest is calculated and an instalment is paid.
(Answers to this question should be corrected to 2 decimal places.)
(a) Mr. Chan took a personal loan of $50000 from Bank A and agreed to repay the bank in monthly
instalments of $9000 until the loan is fully repaid (the last instalment may be less than $9000). The
outstanding balance of his loan for each of the first three months is shown in Table 1.
{i) Complete Table l until the loan is fully repaid.
(ii) Find the amount of his last instalment.
(iii) Calculate the total in terest earned by the bank.
(b) Mrs. Lee also took a personal loan of $50 000 from Bank A. She agreed to pay $9000 as the first monthly
instalment and increase the amount of each instalment by 20% for every successive month until the loan
is fully repaid. The outstanding balance of her loan for the first month is shown in Table 2.
Complete Table 2 until the loan is fully repaid.
(c) Mr. Cheung wants to buy a $50 000 piano for her daughter but he has no savings at hand. He intends to
buy the piano by taking a personal loan of $50 000 from Bank A. If he can only save $12000 from his
income every month and uses his savings to repay the loan, can he afford to use the repayment scheme
as described in (b )? Explain your answer.
Table 1 The outstanding balance ofMr. Chan's loan for each month
tAfoM£ ,:i.,�1'1tltil�@t($l c+!ianll:AAaJ4m ;Qu/$tilli<li!>g,J3aJan�:<s,
1 750.00 8 250.00 41 750.00
2 626.25 8373.75 33 376.25
3 500.64 8499.36 24.876.89
4
5
6
Table 2 The outstanding balance of Mrs. Lee's loan for each month

1 9 000.00 750.00 8 250.00 41 750.00

2
3
4
5
11 12
 3. INDICES AND LOGARITHMS

3A.11 HKCEEMA2002-I-l
2

3 Indices and Logarithms

Simplify (a�) and express your answer with positive indices.

3A.12 HKCEEMA2003 I - 4
Solve the equation 4x+l = 8.
3A Laws of indices
3A.1 HKCEEMA !987(A)- I-3(a) 3A.13 HKCEEMA 2004 - I- 1

v�·
s· npl . f [Y= b3
Simplify (a-� ) and express your answer with positive indices.
u iy b

3A.2 HKCEEMA 1990-I-2(a) 3A.14 HKCEEMA 2005 -I - 2

Simplify Ja• expressing your answer in index form. 2

Simplify (x3{) and express your answer with positive indices.
y

3A.3 HKCEEMA 1993-I-5(b) 3A.15 HKCEE MA 2006 I 1

-3
-1)
Simplify and express with positive indices x ( xy1
5
Simplify (a�� and express your answer with positive indices.
a

3A.4 HKCEEMA 1994- I - 7(a) 3A.16 HKCEE MA 2007 - I-2

6
(a'b-z)z Simplify :_5 and express your answer with positive indices.
Simplify and express your answer with positive indices. mn
�

3A.5 HKCEEMA 1996-1-2 3A.17 HKCEEMA 2008-I - 1

s·IIDplify �·
3
a•5� Simplify (a�) and express your answer with positive indices.
a -
a
3A.18 HKCEEMA2009-I-2
3A.6 HKCEEMA 1997-l-2(a)

Simplify x :x3t
-y
and express your answer with positive indices.
Simplify
(x
�
y )3
and express your answer with positive indices.

3A.19 HKCEE MA 2010-I- 1

3A.7 HKCEEMA 1998 1-4
5
3 4
Simplify a a, and express your answer with positive indices. Simplify a 14 ( �) and express your answer with positive indices.
b-

3A.8 HKCEEMA 1999-1-1 3A.20 HKCEE MA 2011 - I-2

2 65
( -3) Simplify ; 3 2 and express your answer with positive indices.
Simplify _a__ and express your answer with positive indices. ( y )
a
3A.9 HKCEEMA2000-I-2 3A.21 HKDSEMA SP-I- 1
-3
Simplify � and express your answer with positive indices. Simplify (xy5)'5 and express your answer with positive indices.
x- x- y

3A.10 HKCEEMA2001 I - 1 3A.22 HKDSEMA PP - 1-1

(,:t:�r
m3 •
Simplify mn 2 and express your answer with positive indices. Simplify and express your answer with positive indices.
( )
 3. INDICES AND LOGARITHMS

3A.23 HKDSEMA 2012 - I - I 3B Logarithms

-P 8
3B.l HKCEEMA I986(A)-l-5(a)
Simplify � and express your answer with positive indices.
n
Evaluate log2 8 + log 2 J6·
1
3A.24 HKDSEMA 2013 -I- 1
"'0 J3
Simplify (xs:) 6 and express your answer with positive indices. 3B.2 HKCEEMA 1987(A)-l-3(b)
,? '
t f7 -logab-
s·1mplify log log.,fo
3A.25 HKDSEMA 2014 I-1
3
( -2) and express your answer with positive indices.
Simplify �
y 3B.3 HKCEE MA 1988 I 6
Give that log2 = r and log3 = s, express the following in terms of rands:
3A.26 HKDSEMA 2015 -I- 1
(a) Iogl8,
m' (b) logl5.
Simplify ---5 and ex.press your answer with positive indices.
(m3n-1)

3B.4 HKCEEMA l990-I-2(b)

3A.27 HKDSEMA2016 I 1
2 log(a') + log(b')
. . Simplify where a b > 0.
S.rmph·ty �
(,!l/) and express your answer w1"th pos1ttve
. mdices. log(ab2) '
xy

3A.28 HKDSEMA2017 1-2 3B.5 HKCEEMAI991 1-7 (Also as 6C.8.)

Simplify 7m�2)5
( 4 -I )
3
and express your answer with positive indices.
Let a and /3 be the roots of the equation 10x2 + 20x+ 1 = 0. Without solving the equation, find the values
of
(a) 40: x4.B,
3A.29 HKDSEMA2018 1-2 (b) log10a+log10/3.
7
Simplify r1y3 4 and express your answer with positive indices.
( ) 3B.6 HKCEEMA l992-1-2(a)
If logx = p and logy= q, express logxy in terms of p and q.
3A.30 HKDSE MA 2020- I - 1
'
( -2) and express your answer with positive indices. 3B.7 HKCEEMAI994-l-7(b)
Simplify rrm_4
m
If log2 = x and log3 = y, express log v'I2 in terms of x andy.

3B.8 HKCEEMA 1997-1-2(b)

+log4
s·imp,rfy log8log16 ·

3B.9 HKDSEMA SP - I 17
A researcher defined Scale A and Scale B to represent the magnitude of an Scale Formula
explosion as shown in the table: A M=log4E
N=Iog8E
It is given that M and N are the magnitudes of an explosion on Scale A and Scale B respectively, while E
is the relative energy released by the explosion. If the magnitude of an explosion is 6.4 on Scale B, find the
magnitude of the explosion on Scale A.

15
 3. INDICES AND LOGARITHMS

3B.10 HKDSEMA2014-1 15 3C Exponential and logarithmic equations

The graph in the figure shows the linear relation between lOJ$4X and log8y. The slope and the intercept on 3C.1 HKCEEMA 1980(3) - I -7
-1
the horizontal axis of the graph are
3
and 3 respectively. Express the relation between x and y in the Findxif log3(x-3) +log3(x+3) = 3.
form y = A:t', where A and k are constants.
3C.2 HKCEEMA 1981(1)-1-5 & HKCEEMA 1981(2)- 1-6
log8y
Solve 4.r =I0-4-"+1 •

3C.3 HKCEEMA 1982(1/2)-1- 2

3B.ll HKDSEMA 2017 - I- 15 3C.4 HKCEEMA 1985(BJ-l-3

Let a and b be constants. Denote the graph of y =a+ logbx by G. The x-intercept of G is 9 and G passes Solve 2'" -3(2-')-4=0.
through the point (243,3). Express x in terms ofy.
3C.5 HKCEEMA 1986(A) - I- 5(b)
If 2log10x-log10y=0, show that y=i1.

3C.6 HKCEEMA 1987(BJ - 1- 3

Solve the equation 32.r +3-" -2 = 0.

3C.7 HKCEEMA 1993-1-S(a)

If 9" = ,/3, find x.

3C.8 HKCEEMA 1995-I- 7

Solve the following equations without using a calculator:
(a) 3x
= ..fn'
1

(b) 1ogx+2log4 = log48.

17 "
 4. POLYNOMIALS

4A.10 HKCEEMA 1997 I-1

Factorize
4 Polynomials (a) i1- - 9,
(b) ac+bc-ad-bd.

4A Factorization, H.C.F. and L.C.M. of polynomials 4A.ll HKCEE MA 2003 - I-3

4A.1 HKCEEMA 1980(1/1*/3)-l-2 Factorize
Factorize (a) x'-(y-x)',
(a) a(3b-c)+c-3b, (b) ab-ad-bc+cd.
(b) x"-1.
4A,12 HKCEEMA 2004 - I -6
4A.2 HKCEEMA 1981(2/3)-1-5
Factorize
Factorize (1 + x) 4 - (I-x2)2 . (a) a'-ab+2a-2b,
(b) 169y-25,
4A.3 HKCEE MA 1983(A/B) -I - 1
Factorise (x2+4x+4)-(y-1)2 . 4A.13 HKCEE MA 2005 -I-3
Factorize
4A.4 HKCEEMA 1984(A/B)-1-4
(a) 4x'-4;cy+y2,
Factorize (b) 4x'-4;ry+y2-2x+y.
(a) i1-y+2xy+y,
(b) x'y+2xy+y-y3.
4A.14 HKCEE MA 2007-1-3
4A.5 HKCEE MA 1985(A/B) - I- 1 Factorize
(a) Factorize a4 -16 and a3-8. (a) r2+10r+25,
(b) Find the L.C.M. of a4 - 16 and a 3 - 8. (b) r2+10r+25-s2.

4A.6 HKCEE MA 1986(A/B)-I-1 4A.15 HKCEEMA 2009 I-3

Factorize Factorize
(a) x'-2x-3, (a) a2b+a b2 ,
( b) (a 2 +2a)2-2(a'+2a)-3. (b) a'b+ab2 +7a+7b.

4A.7 HKCEEMA 1987(A/B)-l-1

4A.16 HKCEEMA2010-l-3
Factorize
(a) x2-2x+ 1, Factorize
(b) x2-2x+l-4y. (a) m2 + l2mn+36n 2,
(b) m2 + 12mn+36n2 -25k2.
4A.8 HKCEEMA 1993-l-2(e)
Find the H.C.F. and L.C.M. of 6i1-y3 and 4x/z. 4A.17 HKCEE MA 2011 - I - 3
Factorize
4A.9 HKCEE MA 1995 -1-l(b) (a) 8Im2 -n2,
Find the H.C.F. of (x-1) 3 (x+5) and (x- 1)2 (x+5)3. (b) 81m2 -n2 +18m-2n.

19 20
 4. POLYNOMIALS

4A.18 HKDSE MA SP I 3 4A.27 HKDSE MA 2019 I -4

Factorize Factorize
(a) 3m2 -mn-2n2 , (a) 4m2-9.
(b) 3m2-mn-2n2-m+n. (b) 2m 2n+7mn-15n,
(c) 4m 2 -9-2m2n-7mn+ 15n.
4A.19 HKDSEMAPP-1-3
Factorize 4A.28 HKDSE MA 2020 - I - 2
(a) 9x2-42xy+49/,
(b) 9x2-42xy+49/-6x+ 14y. Factorize

4A.20 HKDSE MA 2012- I- 3

Factorize
(a) x2 -6xy+9/,
(b) x2-6xy+9y2+7x-2ly.

4A.21 HKDSEMA2013-I-3
Factorize
(a) 4m2 -25n2 ,
(b) 4m2 -25n2 + 6m - 15n.

4A.22 HKDSEMA2014-l-2
Factorize
(a) a2-2a-3,
(b) ab2 +b2 +a2 -2a-3.

4A.23 HKDSE MA2015 I- 4

Factorize
(a) x2+x2y-7x2,
(b) x2+x'y -1x'-x-y+7.

4A.24 HKDSE MA 2016- I- 4

Factorize
(a) Sm- ton,
(b) m2 +mn-6n2,
(c) m2 +mn-6n2 -Sm+10n.

4A.25 HKDSE MA2017 - I -3

Factorize
(a) x2-4xy +3/,
(b) x2-4xy+3/+llx-33y.

4A,26 HKDSEMA2018 - I-5

Factorize
(a) 9,3 -18?,,
(b) 9r3- 1s?,-n'+2,'.
21 22
 4. POLYNOMIALS

4B Division algorithm, remainder theorem and factor theorem 4B.11 HKCEEMA 1994 I 3
4B.l HKCEEMA 1980(1*/3)-l-13(a) When (x+3)(x- 2) + 2 is divided by x-k, the remainderis k?. Find the value(s) of k.
=
It is given that f(x) 2x2 +ax+ b.
4BJ2 HKCEEMA 1995-1-2
(i) If J(x) is divided by (x- 1 ), the remainder is -5. If J(x) is divided by (x+ 2 ), the remainder is 4.
Find the values of a and b. (a) Simplify (a+b)2 -(a-b) 2.
(b) Find the remainder when x3 + 1 is divided by x+2.
(ii) If f(x) =0, findthevalueofx.
4B.D HKCEE MA 1996 -1-4
4B.2 HKCEEMA 1981(2)-1-3 and HKCEEMA 1981(3)-1-2
Show thatx+ 1 is a factor of x3-x?--3x-1.
Let f(x) = (x+2)(x-3) +3. Whenf(x) is divided by (x-k), the remainderis k. Findk. =
Hence solve x3 -x? - 3x - 1 O. (Leave your answers in surd form.)

4B.3 HKCEE MA l 984(A/B) - 1-1 4B.14 HKCEEMA 1998-1-9

If 3x2 -kx-2 is divisible by x - k, where k is a constant. find the two values of k. Let f(x)-x3+2x2-5x-6.
(a) Showthatx-2isafactoroff(x).
4B.4 HKCEEMA 1985(A/B)-l-4 (b) Factorize J(x).
Given J(x) = ax2+bx- 1, where a and bare cons tants. f(x) s
i divisible by x- 1. When divided by x+ 1,
f(x) leaves a remainder of 4. Find the values of a and b. 4B.15 HKCEEMA 2000-I - 6
Let f(x) = 2x3+6x2-2x- 7. Find the remainderwhenf(x) is divided by x+3.
4B.S HKCEE MA 1987(A/B) - I-2
Find the values of a and bif 2x3 + ai1 +bx - 2 ls divisibleby x- 2 and x+ 1. 4B.16 HKCEEMA 2001 -I -2
Let J(x) =x3 -x? +x- 1. Find the remainder when f(x) is divided by x-2.
4B.6 HKCEEMA 1989-1-3
Given that (x+ 1) is a factor of x4 +x3 - 8x+k, where k is a constant, 4B.17 HKCEEMA 2002 - I - 4
(a) find the value of k, Let f(x)-x3-2x2-9x+l8.
(b) factorize x4+x3-8x+k. (a) Find /(2).
(b) Factorize f(x).
4B.7 HKCEEMA1990 1-7
(a) Find the remainder when x1000 +6 is divided by x+ 1. 4B.18 HKCEEMA 2005-1-10 (Continued from SC.16.)
(b) (i) Using (a), or otherwise, find the remainder when 81000 + 6 is divided by 9. It is known that J(x) is the sum of two parts, one part varies as x3 and the other part varies as x.
(ii) What is the remainder when glOOO is divided by 9? Suppose /(2) - -6 and /(3) 6. =
(a) Findf(x).
4B.8 HKCEEMA 1990 -I - 11 (Continued from 15B.6.) (b) Let g(x) -f(x)-6.
A solid right circular cylinder bas radius rand heighth. Thevolume of the cylinder is V and the total surface (i) Prove thatx-3 is a factor of g(x).
area is S. (ii) Factorize g(x).
(a) (i) Express Sin terms of rand h.
4B.19 HKCEEMA 2007 I - 14 (To continue as SC.IS.)
..
(n) Show that S 2nr = 2V
, +--
(a) Let f(x) = 4.x3 +kx2 -243, where k is a constant It is given thatx+3 is a factor of f(x).
=
(b) Given that V 2n and S = 6n, show that r3 -3r + 2 = 0. Hence find the radius r by factorization. (i) Find the value of k.
(c) [Outofsyl/abus] (ii) Factorize J(x).

4B.9 HKCEEMA 1992-l-2(b) 4B.20 HKDSEMA SP - I - 10

Find theremainder when x3-2x2 + 3x - 4 is divided by x- 1. (a) Find the quotient when 5x3 + I2x2 - 9x - 7 is divided by x? + 2x- 3.
=
(b) Let g(x) (5x3 + 12x2-9x- 7)-(ax+b), where a and bare constants. ltis given thatg(x) is divisible
4B.10 HKCEEMA 1993 - I-2(d) by x?+2x-3.
(i) Write down the values of a and b.
Find the remainder when x3 +:2- is divided by x- 1. (ii) Solve the equation g(x) = 0.

23 24
 4. POLYNOMIALS

4B.21 HKDSEMAPP I 10 4B.28 HKDSEMA2018-I-J2

Let f(x) be a polynomial. When f(x) is divided by x- 1, the quotient is 6x2 + 17x-2. It is given that Let f(x) = 4x(x+ 1)2 +ax+b, where a andbare constants. It is given thatx-3 is a factor of f(x). When
f(l)-4. f(x) is divided by x+2, the remainder is 2b+ 165.
(a) Fmd f(-3). (a) Find a and b.
(b) Factorize f(x). (b) Someone claims that the equation f(x) = 0 has at least one irrational root. Do you agree? Explain
your answer.
4B.22 HKDSE MA2012- I-13 (To continue as 7B.17.)
4B.29 HKDSEMA2019-I-ll
(a) Find the value of k such thatx-2 is a factor of kx' -21x2 +24x-4.
Let p(x) be a cubic polynomial. When p(x) is divided by x- 1, the remainder is 50. When p(x) is divided
4B.23 HKDSE MA2013-1-12 by x+2, the remainder is -52. It is given that p(x) is divisible by 2x2 +9x+ 14.
(a) Find the quotient when p(x) is divided by 2x2 +9x+ 14.
Let f(x) = 3x3 -7:x?- +kx- 8, where k is a constant. It is given that f(x) =- (x- 2)(ax2 + bx+c), where
a, b and c are constants. (b) How many rational roots does the equation p(x) = 0 have? Explain your answer.
(a) Find a,band c.
(b) Someone claims that all the roots of the equation f(x) = 0 are real numbers. Do you agree? Explain
your answer.

4B.24 HKDSEMA2014-I- 7
Let f(x) = 4x3 -5:x?-- l&x+c, where cis a constant. When f(x) is divided by x- 2, the remainder is -33.
(a) Is x+ 1 a factor of f(x)? Explain your answer.
(b) Someone claims that all the roots of the equation J(x) = 0 are rationalnumbers. Do you agree? Explain
your answer.

4B.25 HKDSEMA2015 I - 11
Let f(x) = (x-2)2(x+ h) + k, where hand k are constants. When f(x) is divided by x- 2, the remainder
is -5. It is given that f(x) is divisible by x-3.
(a) Find hand k.
(b) Someone claims that all the roots of the equation f(x) = 0 are integers. Do you agree? Explain your
answer.

4B.26 HKDSE MA2016-1-14

Let p(x) = 6x4 +7x3 +ax2+bx+c, wherea,bandcareconstants. Whenp(x) is divided byx+2and when
p(x) is divided byx-2, the two remainders are equal. It is given that p(x) =- (lx2 + 5x+ 8)(2x2 +mx+n),
where l, m and n are constants.
(a) Find l, m and n.
(b) How many real roots does the equation p(x) = 0 have? Explain your answer.

4B.27 HKDSEMA2017-I-14
Let f(x) = 6x3-13:x?--46x+34. Whenf(x) is divided by2x2+a.x+4, the quotient and the remainder are
3x+7 and bx+c respectively, where a,band care constants.
(a) Finda.
(b) Let g(x) be a quadratic polynomial such that when g(x) is divided by 2x2 + ax +4, the remainder is
bx+c.
(i) Prove that f(x) -g(x) is divisible by 2x2 +ax+4.
(ii) Someone claims that all the roots of the equation f(x) - g(x) = 0 are integers. Do you agree?
Explain your answer.

25 26
 5. FORMULAS

5.12 HKCEEMA2007-I - 1
Make p the subject of the formula 5p-7 = 3(p +q).
5 Formulas
5.13 HKCEEMA 2008 - I 6
. . 2s+t 3
It 1s given that -- - -.
5.1 HKCEEMA 1980(1/1 *) - I - 7 s+2t 4
(a) Express tintermsof s.
Giventhat a ( 1 + � )
1 0
= b ( 1- 1�0), express x interms of a and b.
(b) If s+t=959, findsandt.

5.2 HKCEEMA 1981(2)-1-2

5.14 HKCEEMA2009 - I - 1
If x=(a+b/)!, expressyintermsofa,bandx. . 3n-5m
Make n the subject of the formula -- - = 4.
2
5.3 HKCEEMA 1993-l-2(b)
If 2xy + 3 = 6x, express yin terms of x. 5.15 HKCEEMA2010 I 5
Consider the formula 3(2c+5d+4) =39d.
5.4 HKCEEMA 1996 I - 1 (a) Make c the subject of the above formula.
Maker the subject of the formula h = a +r(l + p2). (b) If the value of dis decreased by l, how will thevalue of c be changed?
If h=8, a=6 and p=-4, findthevalueofr.

5.16 HKCEEMA2011- I - I
5.5 HKCEEMA 1998 I 5
mk-t
Make x the subject of the formula b= 2x + ( l - x)a. Makek the subject of the formula -- =4.
k+t

5.6 HKCEEMA 1999-1-2

5.17 HKDSEMASP-1-2
Make x the subject of the fonnula a =b+ :_. Makebthe subject of the formula a(b + 7) = a+ b.
X

5.7 HKCEEMA 2000-1-1

5.18 HKDSEMA PP -1-2
Let c- (F-32). If C-30, findF.
5
. S+b
9 Make a the subject of the formula
1_a = 3b.
5.8 HKCEEMA2001 - I 6
5.19 HKDSEMA2012-l-2
Make x the subject of the formula y = }cx+3).
. 3a+b
If the value of y is increased by 1, find the corresponding increase in the value of x. Make a the subject of the formula - - = b - 1.
8

5.9 HKCEEMA 2003-1- 1

5.20 HKDSEMA2013-1-2
Make m the subject of the fonnula mx=2(m+c).
Make k the subject of the fonnula � - ¼ =2.
5.10 HKCEEMA 2004 I 2
.
Mak.ex the subject of the formula y=
2
a=x· 5.21 HKDSEMA2014- I 5
Considertheformula 2(3m+n) =m+7.
5.11 HKCEEMA 2005- I - 1 (a) Make n the subject ofthe above formula
Make a the subject of the fonnula P = ab+ 2bc+ 3ac. (b) If the value of m is increased by 2, write downthe change in thevalue of n.

27 28
5.22 HKDSEMA2015 - I-2
. 4a+5b-7
Make b the subJect of the formula 8.
b

5.23 HKDSEMA2016-I-2
Makexthe subject of the formula Ax= (4x+B)C.

5.24 HKDSE MA2017 - I 1

3x- y
Makey the subject of the formula k = --.
y

5.25 HKDSE MA 2018 - I - 1

Make b the subJect of the formula -- = --.
. a+4 b+l
3 2

5.26 HKDSEMA2019-l-1
Make h the subject of the formula 9(h+6k) = 7h+ 8.

29 30
 6. IDENTITIES, EQUATIONS AND THE NUMBER SYSTEM

6A.10 HKCEEMA2010-I-6
The cost of a bottle of orange juice is the same as the cost of 2 bottles of milk. The total cost of 3 bottles of
6 Identities, Equations and the Number System orange juice and 5 bottles of milk is $66. Find the cost of a bottle of milk.

6A.ll HKDSEMASP-1-5
In a football league, each team gains 3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw and O point for a loss. The
6A Simple equations champion of the league plays 36 games and gains a total of 84 points. Given that the champion does not lose
6A.1 HKCEEMA 1980(1'/3)-I-13(b) any games, find the number of games that the champion wins.

Solve the equation I -2x = -,/l=x.. 6A.12 HKDSE MA 2012 - I-5

There are 132 guards in an exhibition centre consisting of 6 zones. Each zone has the same number of
6A.2 HKCEE MA 1982(2/3) - I - 7 guards. In each zone, there are 4 more female guards than male guards. Find the number of male guards in
Solve x-..Jx+l =5. the exhibition centre.

6A.l3 HKDSEMA2013-I-4
6A.3 HKCEE MA 1984(A) -I - 3
The price of 7 pears and 3 oranges is $47 while the price of 5 pears and 6 oranges is $49. Find the price of a
Expand (1 + v'2)4 and express your answer in the fonn a+ bv'2 where a and b are i ntegers. pear.

6A.14 HKDSEMA2015-l-7
6A.4 HKCEEMA 1984(AIB)-l-6
The number of apples owned by Ada is 4 times that owned by Billy. If Ada gives 12 of her apples to Billy,
Solve x-5VX-6=0.
they will have the same number of apples. Find the total number of apples owned by Ada and Billy.

6AS HKCEE MA 2003 I 6 6A.15 HKDSE MA 2017 I 4

There are only two kinds of tickets for a cruise: first-class tickets and economy-class tickets. A total of 600 There are only two kinds of admission tickets for a theatre: regular tickets and concessionary tickets. The
tickets are sold. The number of eco nomy-class tickets sold is three times that of first-class tickets sold. If the prices of a regular ticket and a concessionary ticket are $126 and $78 respectively. On a certain day, the
price of a first-class ticket is $850 and that of an economy-class ticket is $500, find the sum of money for the number of regular tickets sold is 5 times the number of concessionary tickets sold and the sum of money for
tickets sold. the admission tickets sold is $50 976. Find the total number of admission tickets sold that day.

6A.16 HKDSE MA 2019-1-3

6A.6 HKCEE MA 2004 - I - 7
The length and the breadth of a rectangle are 24 cm and {13 +r) cm respectively. If the length of a diagonal
The prices of an orange and an apple are $2 and $3 respectively. A sum of $46 is spent buying some oranges
of the rectangle is (17 - 3r) cm, find r .
and apples. If the total number of oranges and apples bought is 20. find the number of oranges bought.

6A.7 HKCEE MA 2007 -1- 7

The consultation fees charged to an elderly patient and a non-elderly patient by a doctor are $120 and $160
respectively. On a certain day, there were 67 patients consulted the doctor and the total consultation fee
charged was $9000. How many elderly patients consulted the doctor on that day?

6A.8 HKCEE MA 2008 - I - 3

(a) Write down all positive integers m such that m + 2n = 5, where n is an integer.
(b) Write down all values of k such that 2x2+5x+k =: (2x+m)(x+n), wherem and n are positive integers.

6A.9 HKCEE MA 2009 - I 6

The total number of stamps owned by John andMary is 300. IfMary buys 20 stamps from a post office, the
number of stamps owned by her will be 4 times that owned by John. Find the number of stamps owned by
John.

31 32
 6. IDENTITIES, EQUATIONS AND THE NUMBER SYSTEM

6B Nature of roots of quadratic equations 6C Roots and coefficients of quadratic equations

6B.l HKCEEMA 1988-1-4 6C.1 HKCEEMA 1980(1/1 '/3)- 1-3
The quadratic equation 9x2- (k+ I)x+ 1 = 0 ........ (*) has equal roots. What is the product of the roots of the quadratic equation 2x2 + kx-5 = 01
(a) Find the two possible values of the constant k. If one of the roots is 5, find the other root and the value of k.
(b) If k takes the negative value obtained, solve equation(*).
6C.2 HKCEEMA 1982(2/3)-1-1
6B.2 HKCEEMA 2007 - I -5 If a-b=l0 and ab=k,express a2 +b2 intermsofk.
Let kbe a constant. If the quadratic equation i1 + 14x + k= 0 has no real roots,find the range of values of k.
6C.3 HKCEE MA 1983(B) - I - 14 (To continue as lOC.l.)
6B.3 HKCEE AM 1980-I - 1 aand /3 are the roots of the quadratic equation i1 - 2.m.x+n = 0, where m and n are real numbers.
Find the range of values of kfor which the equation zx2+x+5 = k(x+ 1)2 has no real roots. (a) Find, in tenns of m and n,
(i) (m-a)+(m-n
6B.4 HKCEEAM 1998-1-3 (ii) (m-c<)(m-n
(b) Find, in tenns of m and n, the quadratic equation having roots m- aandm- /3.
The quadratic equations x2-6x+2k=0 and i1-5x+k=0 have acommonroota. (ie. ais aroot of
both equations.) 6C.4 HKCEEMA 1985(A/B)-l-5
Show that a= k and hence find the value(s) of k.
Let aand /3 be the roots of i1+kx + 1 = 0, where k is a constant.
(a) Find, in terms of k,
(il (a+2)+(P+2).
(iil (a+2l(P +2).
(b) Suppose a+ 2 and /3 + 2 are the roots of i1 + px+q = 0, where p and q are constants. Find p and q
in terms of k.

6C.5 HKCEEMA 1986(A/B)-1-7

If 2.. + � = � and m+n = b, express the following in terms of a and b

m n a
(a) mn,
(b) m2 +nz.

6C.6 HKCEEMA 1987(A/B)-1-5

a and /3 are the roots of the quadratic equation ki2 - 4x + 2k = 0, where k (k ,f=. 0) is a constant. Ex.press
the following in terms of k:
(a) a2 +/3z,
a p
b
( ) /l+a•
6C.7 HKCEE MA 1990 -I - 6 y

In the figure., the curve y =i2+ px+q cuts the x-axis at the two
points A( a,0) and B(/3,0). M(-2, 0) is the mid-point of AB.
(a) Express a+ f3 in tenns of p. Hence find the value of p.
M(-2,0)
(b) If a2 + /3 2 = 26, find the value of q.
X

A(a,0) 0 B(P,0)

33
 6. IDENTITIES, EQUATIONS AND THE NUMBER SYSTEM

6C.8 HKCEEMA1991-1 7 (Also as 3B.5). 6C.15 HKCEE AM 1989-1-11 [Difjicult]

Let a and f3 be the roots of the equation 10x2 + 20x+ l = 0. Without solving the equation, find the values (a) Let a, J3 be the roots ofthe equation x2+px+q = 0 .. ... (*), where pand q are real constants.
of Find, in terms ofp and q,
(a) 40: x4P, (i) a2 +132,
(ii) a 3 +p3,
(b) 1og 1 0a+log10{3.
(iHJ (a 2 -/3-1)(/3 2 -a-1).
6C.9 HKCEEMA1993-1-2(fJ (b) If the square of one root of(*) minus the other root equals 1, use (a), or otherwise, to show that
rr-3(p- l)q+ (p- 1) 2 (p+ !) - 0 ...... ...(**).
If (x-1)(x+2)=x2+rx+s, find rands. (c) Find the range of values ofp such that the quadratic equation(**) in q has real roots.
(d) Suppose k is a real constant. If the square of one root of 4x2 +5x+k = 0 minus the other root equals
6C.10 HKCEE MA I 993 - I -6 1, use the result in (b ),or otherwise, to find the value of k.
The length a and the breadth f3 of a rectangular photograph
are the roots ofthe equation 2x2-mx+500 = 0. The photo­ 6C.16 HKCEEAM 1990-1-4
graph is mounted on a piece of rectangular cardboard, leaving a, f3 are the roots ofthe quadratic equation x2- (k+2)x+k = 0.
a uniform border ofwidth 2asshown inthe figure. 2 (a) Find a+ f3 and a/3 in terms of k.
(a) Find the area ofthe photograph.
(b) If (a+l)(/3+2)=4, showthat a=�'2Jc. Hencefind thetwovalues ofk.
(b) Find, in tenns ofm,
(i) the perimeter of the photograph,
6C.17 HKCEEAM 1991-1-7 (To continue as lOC.10.)
(ii) the area of the border.
p+q+k-2,
p, q and k are real numbers satisfying the followin g conditions: {
pq+qk+kp = 1.
6C.ll HKCEEMA 1995 - I - 8 y
y=x2-3x-4 (a) Express pq in terms ofk.
Inthefigure,the line y=k(k>O) cuts the curve y=x2-3x-4 at (b) Find a quadratic equation, with coefficients interms ofk, whose roots are p and q.
the po;ntsA(a,k) and B(/3,k).
(a) (i) Find the value of a+ /3. (a,k) (/3, k) 6C.18 HKCEEAM 1992 I 9
(ii) Express a/3 intenns of k. A p B y-k
a, J3 are the roots of the quadratic equation x2 + (p+1 )x+ (p- 1) = 0, where pis a real number.
(b) If the line AB cuts the y-axis at P and BP = 2PA, find the value
(a) Show that a, f3 are real and distinct.
ofk. X

-r
0 (b) Express(a-2)(/3-2)in tennsofp.
(c) Given f3 < 2< a.
(i) Using the result of (b), show that p <
(ii) If (a- /3) 2 < 24, find the range of possible values ofp.
Hence write down the possible integral value(s) of p.
6C.12 HKCEE MA I 997 -I -8
The roots of the equation 2.x2 - 7x+4 = 0 are a and /3. 6C.19 HKCEE AM I 993 - I - 3
(a) Write down the values ofa+f3 and a/3. + px + q
a, f3 are the roots of the equation x2 =0 and a+ 3, /3 + 3 are the roots of the equations
(b) Find the quadratic equation whose roots are a+2 and /3 + 2. x2+qx+p= 0.Find the values of pand q.

6C.13 (HKCEEAM 1984-1-5) 6C.20 (HKCEEAM 1995-1-10) [Dijjicult] (To continue as IOC.13.)
Let a and f3 be the roots of the equation x2 - 2x - (m -m + I) = 0, where m is a real number.
2
Let f(x) = 1h:2 + 2px- q and g(x) = 12x2+2qx - p. where p, q are distinct real numbers. a, J3 are the
(a) Show that (a-{3) 2 >0 for anyvalue ofm. roots of the equation f(x) = 0 and a, yare the roots of the equation g(x) = 0.
-J
(b) Find the minimumvalue of ( a- fi)2. (a) Using the fact that f( a)= g( a), find the value of a. Hence show that p+ q = 3.
(b) Express f3 and yin tenns of p.
6C.14 HKCEEAM 1987-1-5
The equation x2 +4x+p = 0, where pis a real constant, has clistinct real roots a and /3. 6C.21 HKCEE AM I 998 - I - 2
(a) Find the range of values of p. a, f3 are the roots of the quadratic equation x2-2.x + 7 = 0. Find the quadratic equation whose roots are
(b) If a2+f3 2 +a 2 f32 +3(a+f3)-19=0, find thevalueofp. a+2and/3+2.

3S 36
 6. IDENTITIES, EQUATIONS AND THE NUMBER SYSTEM

6C.22 HKCEE AM2000 - I 7 6D Complex numbers

aand /3 are the roots of the quadratic equation i1 + (p -2)x + p = 0, where p is real 6D.l HKDSE MA PP-I- 17 (To continue as 6C.24.)
(a) Express a+ j3 and aj3 in terms of p. 1
(a) Express -- in thefonn of a+ bi, where a and b a re real numbers.
(b) Ifaand/3arerealsuchthat a-2 +{32=11, findthevalue(s)ofp. 1 +2i

6C.23 (HKCEE AM 2011 - I- 7)

Letaand /3 be the roots of the quadratic equation i2 + (k + 2)x + k = 0, where k is real.
(a) Prove thataand j3 arereal and distinct.
(b) If a= ffe,
find the valueof k.

6C.24 HKDSE MA PP I - 17 (Continued from 60.1.)

(a) Express in the form of a+ bi, where a and b are real numbers.
1 :2i
0 10
(b) Therootsofthequadratic equation i1+px+q=0 are 1 _and .. Find
1 + 2l 1 -2l
a
(i) p nd q,
(ii) the range of values of r such that the quadratic equation x?- + px + q = r has r eal roots.

37 38
 7. FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS

7B Quadratic functions and their graphs

7B.l HKCEEMA 1982(1/213)- I- 11
7 Functions and Graphs In the figure, 0 is the origin. The curve C1: y = x?- lOx+k (where k is a fixed constant) intersects the
x-axis at the points A and B.
(a) By considering the sum and the product of the y
7A General functions roots of x2 - 1 Ox+ k = 0, or otherwise,
(i) find OA + OB,
7A.1 HKCEEMA1992-I 4 (ii) find OA x OB in tenns of k.
(a) Factorize (b) M and N are the mid-points of OA and OB
0) x2-2x, respectively (see the figure).
(ii) x2 -6x+8. (i) Find OM+ ON.
1 (ii) Find OM x ON in t enns of k.
(b) Simplify
,, 2x + X2 - 6x+8.
X-- (c) Another curve C2 : y = x2 + px + r (where p
and r are fixed constants) passes through the
7A.2 HKCEEMA 1993-l-2(a) points M and N.
x?+ 1 (i) Using the results in (b) or otherwise, find
Let J(x) � --. Fmd f(3). the value of p and express r in tenns of k.
x-1
(ii) If OM=2, find k.
7A.3 HKCEEMA2006-I-10
Let f(x) = (x-a)(x-b)(x+ 1)-3, where a and bare positive integers with a <b. I tis given that f(l) = 1.
(a) (i) Provethat (a-l)(b-1)�2.
7B.2 HKCEEMA 1992 1-9
(ii) Write down the values of a and b. y
(b) Let g(x) �x' -6x2-2x+ 7. Using the results of (a)(ii), find J(x) - g(x). The figure shows the graph of y = 2x2 - 4x+ 3, where x 2: 0.
Hence find the exact values of all the roots of the equation f(x) = g(x). P(a, b) is a variable point on the graph. A rectangle OAPB is
drawn with A and B lying on the x- and y-axes respectively.
(a) (i) Find the area ofrectangle OAPB in terms of a.
7A.4 HKDSEMA2016-I-3
(ii) Find the two values of a for which OAPB is a square.
. . 2 3 3
Snnpl ify 4x 5+
- 1-6x
. (b) Suppose the area of OAPB = 2- B(O,b)
P(a,b

(i) Show that 4a 3

- 8a2 + 6a -3 = 0.
7A.5 HKDSEMA2019 -l-2 (ii) [Outofsyllahus] 0 A(a,O)
. 3 2
Simp!ify 7x- -
6 5x-4·

7B3 HKCEE MA 1994-1-8 y

In the figure, the curve y = x2 +bx+ c meets the y-axis at y=x2+bx+c
C(0,6) and the x-axis at A( a,O) and B(/l ,O), where a> fl.
(a) Find c and hence find the value ofafj.
(b) Expressa+{Jintenns ofb.
(0, 6)
(c) Using the results in (a) and (b), express (a - {3)2 in tenns
of b. Hence find the area of MBC in tenns of b.

B A X
0 (/l,O) (a,O)

39 40
 7. FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS

7B.4 HKCEE MA 1999 -1-7 7B.9 HKCEE MA 2011 I- 11 (Continued from SC.20.)
y
The graph of y =x2 - x-6 cuts the x-axis atA(a, 0), B(b,O) and the y-axis y=x'-x-6 It is given that f(x) is the sum of two parts, one part varies as x2 and the other part varies as x. Suppose
atC(O,c) as shown in the figure. Find a, band c. that f(-2)=28 and !(6)=-36.
y=f( x) Y y=3(x-6)' + k
(a) Find f(x).
-'- (b) The figure shows the graph of
--A -o-+---'"s- x y=3(x-6) 2+k and the graph of
y = f(x), where k is a constant. The
two graphs have the same vertex.
C (i) Find the value of k.
(ii) It is given that A and B are points lying
on thegraph of y=3(x-6)2 +k while 0
7B.S HKCEE MA 2004 - I - 4 A(a,0) C and D are points lying on the graph
-f-----,,�--- X of y=f(x). Also,ABCDis a rectangle
lnthefigure,thegraph of y=-x 2+10x-25 touches and AB is parallel to the x-axis. The x­
the x-axis atA(a, 0) and cuts they-axis atB(O,b). Find coordinate of A is 10. Find the area of
a and b. the rectangleABCD.

y= -:x?-+ lOx-25
B(0,b)

7B.10 HKCEE AM 1988 1 10 (To continue as lOC.9.)

2
7B.6 HKCEE MA 2008 - I 11 Let f(x)=x2+2x-1 and g(x)=-x2+2kx-k +6 (wherekis a constant.)
Consider the function f(x) =il-+bx-15, wherebis a constant. Itis given that the graph of y = f(x) passes (a) Suppose the graph of y=f(x) cuts the x-axis at the points P and Q, and the graph of y = g(x) cuts
through the point (4, 9). the x-axis at the points R and S.
(a) Find b. Hence, or otherwise, find the two x-intercepts of the graph of y = f(x). (i) Find the lengths of PQ and RS.
(b) Let k be a constant. If the equation f(x) = k has two distinct real roots, find the range of values of k. (ii) Find, in tenns of k, the x-coordinate of the mid-point of RS.
If the mid-points of PQ and RS coincide with each other, find the value of k.
(c) Write down the equation of a straight line which intersects the graph of y = f(x) at only one point.
(b) If the graphs of y = f(x) and y =g(x) intersect at only one point, find the possible values ofk; and
for each value of k, find the point of intersection.
7B.7 HKCEE MA 2009 - I-12
In the figure, R is the vertex of the graph of y = -2(x- 11 )2 + 23.
7B.ll HKCEE AM 1991 - I -9 (To continue as lOC.11.)
(a) Write down
y Let f(x)=x2+2x-2 and g(x)=-2x'-12x-23.
(i) the equation of the axis of symmetry of the R y=-2(x-11)2+23
graph, (a) Express g(x) in the form a(x+b)2 +c, where a,band care real constants.
(ii) the coordinates of R. Hence show that g(x) < 0 for all real values ofx.
(b) It is given that P(p,5) and Q(q,5) are two distinct (b) Letk1 and k2 (k1 > k2) be the two values of k such that the equation f(x) +kg(x) =0 has equal roots.
points lying on the graph. Find ---,---+-------+---x (i) Findk1 andk2 .
(i) the distance between P and Q; 0
(ii) the area of the quadrilateral PQRS, where Sis a
point lying on the x-axis. 7B.12 (HKCEEAM 1993-1-10)

C(k) is the curve y [h2+ (k+7)x+4], wherek is a real number not equal to -1.
= k! 1
7B.8 HKCEE MA 2010-I-16 (To continue as 7E.1.) (a) If C(k) cuts the x-axis at two points P and Q and PQ = 1, find the value(s) of k.
1 1 (b) Find the range of values of k such that C(k) does not cut the x-axis.
Let f(x) =:t- 44x2-6.
1
(c) (i) Fmd the points of intersection of the curves C(l) and C(-2).
(a) (i) Using the method of completing the square, find the coordinates of the vertex of the graph of
(ii) Show that C(k) passes through the two points in (c)(i) for all values of k.
y=f(x) .

" 42
 7. FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS

7B.13 HKCEE AM 1998 I - 11 7B.16 HKCEE AM 2003 -17

Let f(x) =x2 - kx, where k is a real constant, and g(x) = -x. Let f(x) = -(x-a)2 +b, where a and bare real. Point Pis the vertex of the graph of y = f(x).
k2 (a) Write down the coordinates of point P.
(a) Show that the least value of f(x) is - and find the corresponding value of x.
4 (b) Letg(x) be a quadratic function such that the coefficient ofx2 is 1 and the vertex of the graph of y= g(x)
(b) Find the coordinates of the two intersecting points of cunres y = f(x) and y = g(x). is the point Q(b,a). It is given that the graph of y = f(x) passes through point Q.
(c) Suppose k = 3. (i) Write down g(x) and show that the graph of y = g(x) passes through point P.
(i) In the same diagram, sketch the graphs of y = f(x) and y = g(x) and label their intersecting (ii) Furthermore, the graph of y = f(x) touches the x-axis. For each of the possible cases, sketch the
points. graphs of y = f(x) and y = g(x) in the same diagram.
(ii) Find the range of values of x such that f(x) :$ g(x).
Hence find the least value of J(x) within this range of values of x.
(d) Suppose k = �- Find the least value of J(x) within the range of values of x such that f(x) S: g(x). 7B.17 HKDSE MA 2012- I-13 (Continued from 4B.22.)
y
(a) Find the value of k such that x- 2 is a factor of y=15x2-63x+72
kx3-2lx2+24x-4.
7B.14 HKCEE AM 2000- I - 12
(b) The figure shows the graph of y = 15x2 - 63x+ 72.
1
3.
Consider the function f(x) =x2-4mx- (5m2 -6m+ 1), where m > Q is a variable point on the graph in the first quadrant.
P and R are the feet of the perpendiculars from Q to
(a) Show that the equation f(x) = 0 has distinct real roots. the x-axis and the y-axis respectively.
(b) Let a and /3 be the roots of the equation J(x) = 0, where a< /3. (i) Let (m,O) be the coordinates of P. Express the
(i) Express a and /3 in terms of m. area of the rectangle OPQR in terms ofm.
(ii) Furthermore, it is known that 4 < /3 < 5. (ii) Are there three different positions of Q such that
6 the area of the rectangle OPQR is 12? Explain
(1) Showthat l<m<5-
your answer.
(2) The following figure shows three sketches of the graph of y = f(x) drawn by three students. R �T----r·· 'Q
Their teacher points out that the three sketches are all incorrect. Explain why each of the ••: X
sketches is incorrect. p
y y y
y = J(x) y=J(x)
7B.18 HKDSE MA 2015-1-18 (To continue as 7E.2.)
y=J(x) Let f(x) = 2x2 -4kx+3J2- +5, where k is a real constant.
0 X 0 (a) Does the graph of y = f(x) cut the x-axis? Explain your answer.
X

5 ____7]. ____ .4_.5 ___ (b) Using the method of completing the square, express, in tenns of k, the coordinates of the vertex of the
-I
graph ofy=f(x).

Sketch A Sketch B Sketch C 7B.19 HKDSE MA 2016-1-18 (To continue as 7E3.)

-1 ,
Let J(x) = x- + 12x- 12!.
y 3
7B.15 HKCEE AM 2002 I I
(a) Using the method of completing the square, find the coordinates of the vertex of the graph of y = f(x).
Let f(x) =x2-2x-6 and g(x) =2x+6. The graphs of y=J(x)
and y = g(x) intersect at points A and B (see the figure). C is the
vertex of the graph of y = f(x). 7B.20 HKDSEMA 2017-l-18
(a) Find the coordinates of points A, Band C.
The equation of the parabola r is y = 2x2- 2kx+2x-3k+8, where k is a real constant. Denote the straight
(b) Write down the range of values of x such that f(x) S: g(x). liney= 19byL.
Hence write down the value(s) of k such that the equation
f(x) = k has only one real root in this range. r
(a) Prove that Land intersect at two distinct points.
(b) The points of intersection of Land rare A and B.
(i) Let a and b be the x-coordinates of A and Brespectively. Prove that (a- b)2 = k2 +4k+23.
C (ii) Is it possible that the distance between A and Bis less than 4? Explain your answer.

"
 7. FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS

7B.21 HKDSEMA 2018 I- 18 (Continued from SC.29 and to continue as 7E.4.) 7C Extreme values of quadratic functions
=
It is given that f(x) partly varies as x2 and partly varies as x. Suppose that f(2) 60 and f(3) 99. = 7C.l HKCEE MA 1985(AIB) - 1-13 (Continued from 14A.3 and to continue as lOC.2.)
(a) Findf(x). In the figure, ABC is an equilateral triangle. AB= 2. D, E, F are points A
= =
(b) Let Q be the vertex of the graph of y f(x) and R be the vertex of the graph of y 27 - f(x). on AB, BC, CA respectively such that AD= BE= CF =x.
(i) Using the method of completing the square, find the coordinates of Q. (a) By using the cosine formula or otherwise, express DE2 in terms of x.

7B.22 HKDSE MA 2020 - I - =

(b) Show that the area of b.DEF 4(3.x2-6x+4).
Hence, by using the method of completing the square, find the value
of x such that the area of b.DEF is smallest. F
Let p(x)=4x2+12x+c, where c isa constant. Theequat:ion p(:x)""O hasequalroots. Find X

(a) c, C

(b) thex-interccpt( s)ofthegraphof y=p(x)-169.

7C.2 HKCEE MA 1982(112) - I- 12 (Continued from 8C.1.)
(Smarks)
The price of a certain monthly magazine is x dollars per copy. The total profit on the sale ofthe magazine is
7B.23 HKDSE MA 2020 - I - 17 =
P dollars. It is given that P Y + Z, where Y varies directly as x and Z varies directly as the square of x.
When xis 20, P is 80 000; when x is 35, P is 87 500.
Let g(x)=:x -2kx+2k +4, where k is areal constant.
2 2
=
(a) Find P when x 15.
(a) Using the method of completing the square, express, in terms of k, the coordinates of the vertex =
(b) Using the method of completing the square, express P in the form P a - b(x- c)2 where a, b and c
of the graph of y = g(x) . (2 marks) are constants. Find the values of a, band c.
(c) Hence, or otherwise, find the value of x when Pis a maximum.
(b ) On the same rectangular coordinate system, let D and E be the vertex of the graph
of y=g(:x+2) andthevertexofthegraphof y:-g(:x-2) respectively. ls there a point Fon 7C.3 HKCEEMA 1988-1-10 (Continued from 8C.5.)
this rectangular coordinate system such that the coordinates of the circumcentre
of flDEF are (0,3) ?Explai.nyouranswer. A variable quantity y is the sum of two parts. The first part varies directly as another variable x, while the
(4 marks)
=
second part varies directly as x2. When x = 1, y -5; when x = 2, y = -8.
(a) Express yin terms of x. Hence find the value of y when x 6. =
(b) Express yin the form (x- p)2-q, where p and q are constants. Hence find the least possible value ofy
when x varies.

7C.4 HKCEEMA 2011 - I- 12

In the figure, ABCD is a trapezium, where AB is parallel to CD. Pis a point
= =
lying on BC such that BP x cm. It is given that AB 3 cm, BC 11 cm, =
CD=kcm and LABP=LAPD=90 ° .
(a) Provethat b.ABP~D.PCD.
(b) Prove that x2 - llx+ 3k O.=
(c) If k is an integer, find the greatest value of k.

7C.5 HKCEEAM1986-l-3
The maximum value of the function f(x) = 4k+ 18x-!o.?- (k is a positive constant) is 45. Find k.

7C.6 HKCEEAM 1996-1-4

=
Given i1--6x+ 11 (x+a) 2 +b, where xis real.
(a) Find the values of a and b. Hence write down the least value of i1- -6x+ 11.
1
(b) Using (a), or otherwise, write down the range of possible values of 2
x -6x+ll
45 46
 7. FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS

7C.7 HKDSE MA 2013 I - 17 7D Solving equations using graphs of functions

(a) L et f(x) = 36.x-:i?. Using th e method of completing the square, find the coordinates of the vertex of 7D.l HKCEEMA 1980(3)-1-16
the g,-aph of y = f(x).

as
(b) The l ength of a piec e of string is 108 m. A guard cuts the string into two piec es. One piece is used to
enclose a rectangular restricted zone of area A m2• The other piece of lengthxm is used to divide this 50
restrict ed zone into two rectangular r egions shown in the figur e.

lxlm
(i) Express A in tenns of x.
(ii) Toe guard claims that the ar ea of this restricted zone can be 40
greater than 500m2• Do you agree? Explain your answer.
I
30

20
A
b

JO
Figure (2) B

X
0 2 3 4 5
(a) Figure (l) shows the graph of y = 25x-x3 for O $x $ 5. By adding a suitable straight lin e to the
graph, solve the equation 30 = 25x -x3, where O ::; x $ 5. Give your answ ers correct to 2 significant
figures.
(b) Figure(2)showsaright pyramid witha s qu arebaseABCD. AB=bunits and AE=Sunits. Theheight
of the pyramid is h units and its volume is V cubic units.
(i) Express b in tenns of h. Hence show that V = (25h - Ii').
3
(ii) Using (a), find the two valu es of h such that V = 20.
(Your answers should be correct to 2 significant figures.)
(iii) [Out of syllabus]

7D.2 HKCEEMA 1981(1)-1-11 y

28
A piece of wire 20 cm long is bent into a rectangle. Let
26
one side of the rectangle be x cm Jong and the ar ea b e
ycm2 • 24
(a) Show that y=10x-x2. 22
(b) The figure shows th e graph of y = 10x - x2 for 20
0 :5 x :5 10. Using the graph, find
(i) the value of y, correct to l d ecimal place, 18
when x= 3.4, 16
(ii) the values of x, correct to 1 decimal place, 14
when th e area of the r ectangle is 12 cm2,
12
(iii) the greatest area of the rectangle,
(iv) [Outofsyllabus] 10
8
6
4
2
X
0 2 4 6 8

48
 7. FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS

l
y
703 HKCEE MA 1983(A) - I - 14 70.4 HKCEE MA 1985(A) - I- 12
Equal squares each of side k cm are cut from the four comers of a The figure shows the graph of y = x3 +x for -1 S x S 2.
square sheet of paper of side 7 cm (see Figure (1)). The remaining (a) (i) Draw a suitable straight line in the figure and hence find, correct
part is folded along the dotted lines to form a rectangular box as =
to 1 decimal place, the real root of the equation x3 + x- 1 0.

l
shown in Figure (2). kcm� r-kcm (ii) [Out of syll.abus. The result x = 0.68 (correct to 2 d.p.) is ob­
(a) Show that the volume V of the rectangular box, in cm3 , is tainedfor the equation in (i).J
V - 4k3 -281? +49k. (b) (i) Expand and simplify the expression (x + 1)4 - (x- 1 )4.
(b) Figure (3) shows the graph of y = 4x3 - 28.x2 + 49x for (ii) Using the result in (a)(ii), find, correct to 2
0 S x S 5. Draw a suitable straight line in Figure (3)
and use it to find all the possible values of x such that
4x'-28x2+49x-20-0.
----------r-m
k
decimal places,
(x+ 1)4-(x-1)4-8.
the real root of the equation

(Give the answers to 1 decimal place.) r----7,m

X
(c) Using the results of (a) and (b), deduce the values of k such that
the volume of the box is 20 cm3 . Figure (1)
(Give the answers to 1 decimal place.)
(d) [Outofsyll.abus/

70.5 HKCEE MA 1985(B)- 1-12

In Figure (1), ABC is an isosceles triangle with LA = 90°. Figure (1)

PQRS is a rectangle inscribed in MBC. BC = 16 cm,
BQ=xcm. p s
(a) Show that the area of PQRS = 2{8x -.x2) cm2.
(b) Figure (2) shows the graph of y = 8x -.x2 for 0 _$ x _$ 8.
�b� �Q�----➔R�-�C
�xLc�m
B
(i) find the value of x such that the area of PQRS is greatest; ,____ 16 cm-----<
4()
(ii) find the two values of x, correct to 1 decimal place, such that the area of PQRS is 28 cm2 .
(c) [Outofsyll.abus]

16
30
14

12
20
10

8
10
6

4
X
0 2 3 4 5 2
Figure (3)
X
0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Figure (2)

" so
 7. FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS

7D.6 HKCEE MA 1986(B)- 1-14 7D.8 HKCEE MA 1997 - I - 13

The figure shows the graph of y = ai2+bx+c. Miss Lee makes and sells handmade leather belts and handbags. She finds that if a batch of x belts is made,
(a) Find the value of c and hence the values of a and b. where 1 :::; x .S 11, the cost per belt $Bis given by B = x2 -20x+ 120. The figure shows the graph of the
(b) Solve the following equations by adding a suitable function y = x2 - 20x + 120. _y 12U
straight line to the figure for each case. Give your (a) Use the given graph to write down the number(s) of belts
answers correct to 1 decimal place. in a batch that will make the cost per belt
( i) (x+2)(x-3) -1, ~ (i) a minimum,
(ii) [Outofsyllahus] (ii) less than $90.
(b) Miss Lee also finds that if a batch of x handbags is made,
where 1 :::; x .S 8, the cost per handbag $H is given by
H =x2-17x+c (c is a constant). When a batch of 3
handbags is made, the cost per handbag is $144.
(i) Find c.
(ii) [Out of syllabus. The following result is obtained.·
WhenH = 120, x= 6.J
(iii) Miss Lee made a batch of 10 belts and a batch of 30
6 handbags. She managed to sell 6 belts at $100
each and 4 handbags at $300 each while the remain­
ing belts and handbags sold at half of their respective
cost. Find her gain or loss.
0

7D.9 HKCEE MA 2000 I - 18 (Continued from SC.11.)

]hem

� • C----�--)
�
7D.7 HKCEEMA1987(A)-l-14
The figure shows the graph of y = x3 -6x2 + 9x.
(a) By adding suitable straight lines to the figure, find, cor­
rect to 1 decimal place, the real roots of the following
equations: Figure (1) Figure (2)
(i) x3 -6x2 +9x- I 0, ~ Figure (l) shows a solid hemisphere of radius 10 cm. It YT 2 3 4 5
(ii) [Out of syllabus]
o
is cut into two portions, P and Q, along a plane parallel
(b) [Outofsyllabus] to its base. The height and volume of Pare hem and
(c) From the figure, find the range of values of k such that V cm 3 respectively. It is known that V is the sum of -100
the equation x3 -6x2 +9x-k = 0 has three distinct real two parts. One part varies directly as h2 and the other
roots. . . 29
part vanes ctirectly ash3 . V = n when h = 1 and
3 _200
V=81n when h=3.
(a) Find Vin terms ofhand Jr.
(b) A solid congruent to Pis carved away from the top -300
of Q to fonn a container as shown in Figure (2).
(i) Find the surface area of the container (ex-
_400
eluding the base).
(ii) It is known that the volume of the container is
1400
--ncm3 . Show that h3 -30h2 +300 = 0.
-500imlm
3 t+1i­
:�r�
(iii) Using the graph in Figure (3) and a suitable
method, find the value of h correct to 2 deci­ 30x'
-600
mal places. ffg
Figure (3)

52
 7. FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS

7E Transformation of graphs of functions 7E.4 HKDSE MA 2018- I - 18 (Continued from 7B.21.)

7E.1 HKCEE MA 2010 I - 16 (Continued from 7B.8.) = =
It is given thatf(x) partly varies asx2 and partly varies asx. Suppose that J(2) 60 and f(3) 99.
1 1 (a) Find f(x).
Let f(x)=-x--x'-6.
2 144 = =
(b) Let Q be the vertex of the graph ofy f(x) and R be the vertex of the graph ofy 27 - f(x).
(a) (i) Using the method of completing the square, find the coordinates of the vertex of the graph of (i) Using the method of completing the square, find the coordinates of Q.
y = f(x). (ii) Write down the coordinates of R.
=
(ii) If the graph of y g(x) is obtained by translating the graph of y = f(x) leftwards by 4 units and (iii) The coordinates of the point Sare {56,0). Let P be the circumcentre of ,6.QRS. Describe the
upwards by 5 units, find g(x). geometric relationship between P, Q and R. Explain your answer.
(iii) If the grpah of y = h(x) is obtained by translating the graph of y = zI(x) leftwards by 4 units and
upwards by 5 units, find h(x).
7E.5 HKDSE MA 2019- I- 19 (To continue as 16C.56.)
(b) A researcher performs an experiment to study the relationship between the number of bacteria A
(u hundred million) and the temperature (s"C) under some controlled conditions. From the data of Let f(x) = 1 (.x2 + (6k- 2)x+ (9k +25) ), where k is a positive constant. Denote the point (4, 33) by
u ands recorded in Table (1), the researcher suggests using the formula u = zJ(s) to describe the 1 +k
F.
relationship.
(a) Prove that the graph ofy = f(x) passes through F.
s
u (b) The graph ofy= g(x) is obtained by reflecting the graph ofy=f(x) with respect to they-axis and then
translating the resulting graph upwards by 4 units. Let Ube the vertex of the graph of y = g(x). Denote
(i) According to the formula suggested by the researcher, find the temperature at which the number of the origin by O.
the bacteria is 8 hundred million. (i) Using the method of completing the square, express the coordinates of U in terms of k.
(ii) The researcher then performs another experiment to study the relationship between the number of
bacteria B(v hundred million) and the temperature (r "C) under the same controlled conditions and
the data of v and tare recorded in Table (2).
t a1-4 a2-4 a3-4 a4-4 a5-4 a6-4 a7-4
Table(2)
v b1+5 b2+5 b3 +5 b4+5 b 5 +5 b6 +5 b-?+5
Using the formula suggested by the research, propose a formula to express v in terms oft.

7E.2 HKDSE MA 2015 I 18 (Continued from 7B.18.)

Let J(x) = 2x2-4kx+3k2 +5, where k is a real constant.
=
(a) Does the graph of y J(x) cut the x-axis? Explain your answer.
(b) Using the method of completing the square, express, in terms of k, the coordinates of the vertex of the
graph ofy=f(x).
(c) In the same rectangular system, letS and T be moving points on the graph of y = f(x) and the graph of
y = 2 -f(x) respectively. Denote the origin by O. Someone claims that when S and T are nearest to
each other, the circumcentre of 6.0ST lies on the x-axis. Is the claim correct? Explain your answer.

7E.3 HKDSE MA 2016 I 18 (Continued from 7B.19.)

-1
Let f(x)= x2+12x-121.
3
(a) Using the method of completing the square, find the coordinates of the vertex of the graph of y = f(x).
=
(b) The graph ofy = g(x) is obtained by translating the graph of y f(x) vertically. If the graph ofy = g(x)
touches the x-axis, find g(x).
-1
(c) Under a transformation, f(x) is changed to x2- 12.x- 121. Describe the geometric meaning of the
3
transformation.

53 54
 8. RATE, RATIO AND VARIATION

8A.7 HKCEEMA 1991-1-4

Let 2a = 3b = 5c.
8 Rate, Ratio and Variation (a) Findthe ratioa:b:c.
(b) If a-b+c=55,find c.

8A.8 HKCEEMA 1995-1-5

SA Rate and Ratio
Itis given that x: (y+ l) = 4:5.
8A.1 HKCEEMA 1980(1)-1-8
(a) Express x in terms of y.
A factory employs 10 skille d, 20 semi-skilled, and 30 unskilled workers. The daily wages per worker of the (b) If 2x+9y=97, findthe values ofxandy.
three kinds are in the ratio 4: 3: 2. If a skilled worker is paid $120 a day, find the mean daily wage for the
60 workers.
8A.9 HKCEE MA 2005 - I-5
The ratio of the number of marbles owned by Susan to the number of marbles owned by Teresa is 5 :2. Susan
8A.2 HKCEEMA 1981(1/2/3)-1-9 has n marbles. If Susan gives 18 of her own marbles to Teresa, both of them will have the same number of
marbles. Find n.
Normally, a factory produces 400 radios in x days. If the factory were to produce 20 more radios each day,
thenit would take 10 days less to produce 400 radios. Calculate x.
SA.IO HKCEE MA 2011-1-6
In a summer camp, the ratio of the number of boys to the number of girls is 7 : 6. If 17 boys and 4 girls leave
8A.3 HKCEEMA 1983(AIB)-I-4 the summer camp, then the number of boys and the number of girls are the same. Find the original number
If a:b=3:4 and a:c=2:5,find of girls in the summer camp.
(a) a:b:c,
ac 8A.ll HKDSEMAPP-1-5
( b) thevalue of aZ
+b2.
The ratio of the capacity of a bottle to that of a cup is 4 : 3. The total capacity of 7 bottles and 9 cups is 11
litres. Find the capacity of a bottle.
8A.4 HKCEEMA 1989 I - 1
The monthly income of a man is increased from $8000 to $9000. 8A.12 HKDSEMA2018-l-9
(a) Find the percentage increase. A car travels from city P to city Q at an average speed of 72km/h and then the car travels from city Q to city
(b) After the increase, the ratio ofhis savings to his expenditure is 3: 7 for each month. How much does he Rat an average speed of90krn/h. It is given that the car travels210kmin 161 minutes for the whole journey.
save each month? How long does the car take to travel from city Pto city Q?

8A.13 HKDSEMA2019 I-7

8A.5 HKCEEMA 1989 1-5
{x+2y=5 In a playground, the ratio of the number of adults to the number of children is 13 : 6. If 9 adults and 24
(a) Solve the simultaneous equations children enter the playground, then the ratio of the number of adults to the number of children is 8 : 7. Fmd
5x-4y=4
the original number of adults in the playground.
{�+ 2b -S
(b) Given that where a, band care non-zero numbers, using the result of (a), find a: b: c. SA.14 HKDSEMA2020-I-4
Sa_c4b = ,
4
C C
a 6 b+2c
Let a , h and c be non•zero numbers such that - = - and 3a = 4c . Find
b 7 �·
8A.6 HKCEEMA 1991-1-3 (Also as 2C.2.)
A man buys some British pounds(£) with 150 000 Hong Kong dollars (HK$) atthe rate £1 = HK$15.00 and
puts it on fixed deposit for 30 days. The rate ofinterest is 14.60% per annum.
(a) How much does he buy in British pounds?
(b) Fmd the amount in British pounds at the end of 30 days.
(Suppose 1 year= 365 days andthe interest is calculated at simple interest.)
(c) Ifhe sells the amount in (b) at the rate of £1 = HK$14.50, how much does he get in Hong Kong dollars?

55 56
 8. RATE, RATIO AND VARIATION

SB Travel graphs SB.3 HKDSE MA PP - 1 12

SB.1 HKCEE MA 1984(B)- I -3 The figure shows the graphs for Ada and Billy
running on the same straight road between town Q 16
The figure shows the travel graphs of two cyclists A and B travelling on the same road between towns P and P and town Q during the period 1:00 to 3:00 in "--
Q, 14km apart.
an afternoon. Ada runs at a constant speed. It is 12
(a) For how many minutes does A rest during the journey? given that town P and town Qare 16 km apart. Ada
(b) How many km away from P do A and B meet? (a) How long does Billy rest during the period?
(b) How far from town P do Ada and Billy ineet

a
during the period? Billy
Q 14
(c) Use average speed during the period to deter­ 2
mine who runs faster. Explain your answer. p 0
1:00 1:32 2:032: 8 3:00
12
Time

]' 10
SB.4 HKDSE MA 2014 I 10
0.. Town X and Town Y are 80 km apart. The figure shows the graphs for car A and car B travelling on the same
d
8 straight road between town X and town Y during the period 7:30 to 9:30 in a morning. Car A travels at a
constant speed during the period Car B comes to rest at 8:15 in the morning.
(a) Find the distance of car A from
6 townX at 8:15 in the morning. y 80 -·-···
�
.�
(b) At what time after 7:30 in the
morning do car A and car B first
"'
C
4 CarA
meet?

"
(c) The driver of car B clfilms that E0 44 Car B
2 the average speed of car B is
higher than that of car A during

p 0
12:00nn 12:10pm 12:20pm 12:30pm 12:40pm 12:50pm 1:00pm
the period 8:15 to 9:30 in the
morning. Do you agree? Explain
your answer.
a
9

X 0
7:30 8:15 9:30
Time
Time

8B.2 HKDSE MA SP I 12
The figure shows the graph for John driving from
town A to town D (via town B and town C) in a morn­ D 27
ing. The journey is divided into three parts: Part I
(from A to B), Part II (from B to C) and Part Ill (from
CtoD). C 181--------
(a) For which part of the journey is the average
speed the lowest? Explain your answer.
(b) If the average speed for Part II of the journey is
56km/b, when is John atC? B 4 I
(c) Find the average speed for John driving from A
A 0
!
toD inm/s. 8:00 8:11 8:30
Time
 8. RATE, RATIO AND VARIATION

SC Variation 8C.9 HKCEEMA 1998-I-12

8C.l HKCEE MA 1982(12
/ ) - 1 -12 {To continue as 7C.2.} The monthly service charge $Sof mobile phone network A is partly constant and partly varies directly as the
connection time t minutes. The monthly service charges are $230and $284when the connection times are
The price of a certain monthly magazine is x dollars per copy. The total profit on the sale of the magazine is
100minutes and 130minu tesrespectively.
P dollars. It is given that P = Y + Z, where Y varies directly as xand Z varies directly asthe square of x.
When xis 20, P is 80 000; when xis 35, Pis 87 500. {a) ExpressSin tenns oft.
(a) Find P when x = 15. (b) The service charge of mobile phone network B only varies directly as the connection time. The charge is
$2.20per minute . A man uses about 110minutes connection time every month. Should he join network
8C.2 HKCEEMA 1984(B)-1- 14 A or Bin order to save money? Explain your answer.

A school and a youth centre agree to share the total expenditure for a camp in the ratio 3 : L The total 8C.10 HKCEEMA 1999-I 6
expenditure $E for the camp is the sum of two parts: one part is a constant $C, and the other part varies y varies partly asxand partly as iJ.. When x= 2, y= 20 and when x = 3, y = 39. Express yin terms ofx.
directly as the number of participants N. If there are 300participants, the school has to pay $7500. If there
are 500participants, the school has to pay $12000. 8C.U HKCEEMA 2000 I 18 (To continue as 70.9.)
(a) Find the total expenditure for the camp, when the school has to pay $7500. The figure shows a solid hemisphere of radius 10cm. It is cut into two portions, P and Q, along a plane
{b) Find the value of C. parallel to its base. The height and volume of P are h cm and Vcm3 respectively.
(c) Express E in tenns of N. It is known that V is the sum of two
(d) If the youth centre has to pay $4750, find the number of participants. parts. One part varies directly as
h2 and the other part varies directly
29
8C.3 HKCEEMA 1986(B)-l-5 as h3 . V = n when h = 1 and
3
It isgiven that z varies directly as x2 and inversely as y. If x = 1 and y = 2, then z = 3. V=8ln when h=3.
Findzwhen x=2 and y=3. (a) Find Vin tenns of hand n.

SC.4 HKCEEMA1987(B)-l-14 (To continue as 10C3.) SC.12 HKCEE MA 2001 -I - 13

Given p = y+ z, where y varies directly as x, z varies inversely as xand x is positive. When x = 2, p = ?; Sis the sum of two parts. One part varies as t and the other part varies as the square oft. The table below
whenx=3, p=8. shows certain pairs of the values of Sand t.
(a) Findpwhen x=4.
s 0 33 56 69 72 65 48 21
SC.5 HKCEEMA 1988-1-10 (To continue as 7C.3.) 0 2 3 4 5 6 7
(a) Express Sin tenns oft.
A variable quantity y is the sum of two parts. The first part varies directly as another variable x, while the
second part variesdirectlyasx2. When x=l, y=-5; when x=2, y=-8. (b) Find the value(s) oft when S = 4 0.
(c) Using the data given in the table , plot the graph of Sagainst t for O :$ t :5 7 in the following figure.
(a) Express yin tenns of x. Hence find the value of y when x = 6.
Read from the graph the value oft when the value of Sis greatest.
8C.6 HKCEEMA1991-l-2 s
In a joint variation,xvaries directly as Y' and inversely as z. Given that x = 18 when y = 3, z = 2,
70
(a) expressxin termsofyandz,
(b) findxwhen y=l, z=4. 60

8C.7 HKCEEMA 1994-1-4

Supposexvariesdirectly as/ and inversely as z. When y = 3 and z = 10, x= 54.
40
(a) Express x in terms ofy and z.
(b ) Findxwhen y=5 and z= 12. 30

SC.8 HKCEE MA 1997 I 7 (Continued from 15C.5.) 20

The ratio of the volumes of two similar solid circular cones is 8 : 27.
10
(a) Find the ratio of the height of the smaller cone to the height of the larger cone .
(b) If the cost of painting a cone varies as its total surface area and the cost of painting the smaller cone is 0 2 3 4 5
$32, find the cost of painting the larger cone .
60
 8. RATE. RATIO AND VARIATION

SC.13 HKCEE MA 2002-I-11 (To continue as 15C.8.) SC.19 HKCEE MA 2010- I - 10

The area of a paper bookmark is A cm2 and its perimeter is Pcm. A is a function of P. It is known that A is the The cost of a tablecloth of perimeter x metres is $C. It is given that C is the sum of two parts, one part varies
sum of two parts, one part varies as P and the other part varies as the square ofP. 'When P =24, A= 36 and asxand the other part varies asx.2. When x= 4, C = 96 and when x= 5, C= 145.
when P=l8, A=9. (a) Express C in terms of x.
(a) Express A in terms of P. (b) If the cost of a tablecloth is $288, find its perimeter.
(b) (i) The best-selling paper bookmark has an area of 54cm2. Find the perimeter of this bookmark.

SC.20 HKCEE MA 2011 - I - 11 (To continue as 7B.9.)

SC.14 HKCEE MA 2003 - I- IO (To continue as l0C.5.)
It is given that f(x) is the sum of two parts, one part varies as x2 and the other part varies as x. Suppose
The speed of a solar-powered toy can is V emfs and the length of its solar panel is L cm, where 5 S: L $ 25. that f(-2)-28 and f(6)=-36.
V is a function of L. It is known that V is the sum of two parts, one part varies as Land the other part varies
as the square of L. 'When L = 10, V = 30 and when L = 15, V = 75.
(a) Find f(x).
(a) Express Vin terms of L.
SC.21 HKDSE MA SP I 11
SC.15 HKCEE MA 2004- I - 10 (To continue as l0C.6.) In a factory, the production cost of a carpet of perimeters metres is $C. It is given that C is a sum of two
parts, one part varies ass and the other part varies as the square of s. When s = 2, C = 356; when s = 5,
It is known that y is the sum of two parts, one part varies as x and the other part varies as the square of x.
c-12so.
When x= 3, y= 3 and when x = 4, y= 12.
(a) Find the production cost of a carpet of perimeter 6 metres.
(a) Express yin terms of x.
(b) If the production cost of a carpet is $539, find the perimeter of the carpet.

SC.16 HKCEE MA 2005 - I - I 0 (To continue as 4B.18.)

SC.22 HKDSE MA PP -I - 11
It is known that f(x) is the sum of two parts, one part varies asx3 and the other part varies as x.
Suppose f(2) - -6 and f(3) - 6. Let $C be the cost of manufacturing a cubical carton of side x cm. It is given that C is partly constant and
(a) Find f(x). partly varies as the square of x. When x = 20, C = 42; when x = 120, C = 112.
(a} Find the cost of manufacturing a cubical carton of side 50 cm.
(b) If the cost of manufacturing a cubical carton is $58, find the length of a side of the carton.
SC.17 HKCEE MA 2006- I- 15
The cost of a souvenir of surface area A cm2 is $C. It is given that C is the sum of two parts, one part varies
directly as A while the other part varies directly as A2 and inversely as n, where n is the number of souvenirs SC.23 HKDSE MA 2012- I - 11 (To continue as lSC.14.)
produced. When A=50 and n=500, C=350; whenA=20 and n=400, C=l00. 2
Let $C be the cost of painting a can of surface area A m . It is given that C is the sum of two parts, one part
(a) Express C in terms ofA and n. is a constant and the other part varies as A. When A= 2, C = 62; when A= 6, C = 74.
(b) The selling price of a souvenir of surface area A cm2 is $8A and the profit in selling the souvenir is $P. (a) Find the cost of painting a can of surface area 13 m2.
(i) Express P in terms of A and n.
(ii) Suppose P : n = 5 : 32. Find A : n.
(iii) Suppose n=500. Can a profit of$100 be made in selling a souvenir? Explain your answer. SC.24 HKDSE MA 2013 I 11
(iv) Suppose n = 400. Using the method of completing the square, find the greatest profit in selling a The weight of a tray of perimeter £ metres is W grams. It is given that W is the sum of two parts, one part
souvenir. varies directly as£ and the other part varies directly as£2. When £ = 1, W = 181 and when £ = 2, W = 402.
(a) Find the weight of a tray of perimeter 1.2metres.
SC.18 HKCEE MA 2007 I 14 (Continued from 4B.19.) (b) If the weight of a tray is 594 grams, find the perimeter of the tray.
(a) Let f(x) = 4x3 +k.x2-243, where k is a constant. It is given thatx+3 is a factor of f(x).
(i) Find the value of k. SC.25 HKDSEMA 2014-1-13
(ii) Factorize f(x).
(b) Let $C be the cost of making a cubical handicraft with a side of length x cm. It is given that C is the It is given that f(x) is the sum of two parts, one part varies as i1- and the other part is a constant. Suppose
that f(2) - 59 and f(7) - -121.
sum of two parts, one part varies as x3 and the other part varies as i1-. When x = 5.5, C = 7381 and
when x = 6, C = 9072. (a) Findf(6).
(i) Express C in terms ofx. (b) A(6,a) and B(-6,b) are points lying on the graph of y = f(x). Find the area of t::.ABC, where C is a
(ii) If the cost of making a cubical handicraft is $972, find the length of a side of the handicraft. point lying on the x-axis.

61 62
SC.26 HKDSEMA2015 I 10
'When Susan sells n handbags in a month, her income in that month is $S. It is given that S is a sum of
two parts: one part is a constant and the other part varies as n. When n = IO, S = 10 600; when n = 6,
S = 9000.
(a) When Susan sells 20 handbags in a month, find her income in that month.
(b) Is it possible that when Susan sells a certain number of handbags in a month, her income in that month
is $18000? Explain your answer.

SC.27 HKDSE MA 2016-1-8

It is given that f(x) is the sum of two parts, one part varies as x and the other part varies as x2. Suppose that
/(3) = 48 and /(9) = 198.
(a) Findf(x).
(b) Solve the equation f(x) = 90.

SC.28 HKDSE MA 2017 - I 8

It is given that y varies inversely as fi. When x = 144, y = 81.
(a) Express yin terms of x.
(b) If the value of xis increased from 144 to 324, find the change in the value of y.

SC.29 HKDSEMA2018-I-18 (To continue as 7B.21.)

It is given that f(x) partly varies as x2 and partly varies as x. Suppose that /(2) = 60 and f(3) = 99.
(a) Findf(x).

SC.30 HKDSEMA2019-I 10
It is given that h(x) is partly constant and partly varies as x. Suppose that h(-2) = -96 and h(5) = 72.
(a) Find h(x).
(b) Solve the equation h(x) = 3x2

SC.31 HKDSE MA 2020 - I - 10

The price of a brand X souvenir of height h cm is $ P . P is partly constant and partly varies
as h3 • When h=3, P=59 and when h=7, P=691.

(a) Find the price ofa brand X souvenir of height 4 cm . (4marks)

(b) Someone claims that the price of a brand X souvenir of height 5 cm is higher than the total
price of two brand X souvenirs of height 4 cm . ls the claim correct? Explain your answer.
(2marks)

64
 9. ARITHMETIC AND GEOMETRIC SEQUENCES

9A.6 HKCEEMA 1996-1-3

The n�th term Tn of a sequence Ti , T2, T3, ... is 7 -3n.
9 Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences (a) Write down the first 4 terms of the sequence.
(b) Find the sum of the first 100 terms of the sequence.

9A.7 HKCEEMA2003-l-7
9A General terms and summations of sequences
Consider the arithmetic sequence 2, 5, 8 . Find
9A.1 HKCEEMA1980(1/l*/3)-1-ll (a) the 10th term of this sequence,
Let k>O. (b) the sum of the first 10 terms of this sequence.
(a) (i) Find the common ratio of the geometric sequence k, 10k, 100k.
(ii) Find the sum of the firstn terms of the geometric sequence k, 10k, lOOk, .. 9A.8 HKCEEMA2005 1-7
(b) (i) Show that logJOk, log10 10k, log1 0 100k is an arithmetic sequence. The 1st term and the 2nd tenn of an arithmetic sequence are 5 and 8 respectively. If the sum of the first n
(ii) Find the sum of the first n terms of the arithmetic sequence log 10 k, log 10 10k, log10 100k, .. tenns of the sequence is 3925, find n.
=
Also, if n 10, what is the sum?
9A.9 HKDSEMA2015 1-17
For any positive integer n, let A(n) = 4n - 5 and B(n) = 104n -5 _
9A.2 HKCEE MA 1984(A/B)- 1- 10
(a) ExpressA(l)+A(2)+A{3)+· •+A(n) interrnsofn.
a and b are positive numbers. a, -2, b is a geometric sequence and -2, b, a is an arithmetic sequence.
(b) Find the greatest value of n such that log (B( l)B(2)B(3) .. B(n)) � 8000.
(a) Find the value of ab.
(b) Find the values of a and b. 9A.10 HKDSE MA 2016 I- 17
(c) (i) Find the sum to infinity of the geometric sequence a, -2, b, The 1st term and the 38th term of an arithmetic sequence are 666 and 555 respectively. Find
(ii) Find the sum to infinity of all the terms that are positive in the geometric sequence a, -2,b,
(a) the common difference of the sequence,
(b) the greatest value of n such that the sum of the first n terms of the sequence is positive.
9A.3 HKCEEMA !986(A/B I) -B -9
9A.ll HKDSEMA2018-l-16
2, -1, -4, ... form an arithmetic sequence.
The 3rd term and the 4th term of a geometric sequence are 720 and 864 respectively.
(a) Find
(i) the nth term, (a) Find the 1st term of the sequence.
(ii) the sum of the first n terms, (b) Find the greatest value of n such that the sum of the {n + 1)th term and the (2n + 1)th term is less than
(iii) the sum of the sequence from the 21st term to the 30th term. 5 X 1014.
(b) If the sum of the first n terms of the sequence is less than -1000, find the least value of n.
9A.12 HKDSEMA20!9-l-16
�-sa-18
9A.4 HKCEEMA 1989-1-9 Let a and f3 be real numbers such that { �
f3=a--13a+63
Th "" 1 . (a) Fmd a and /3.
epositive numbl ers , k, , ... form a geometnc sequence.
2
(a) Find the value of k, leaving your answer in surd form. (b) The 1st term and the 2nd term of an arithmetic sequence are log a and Jog f3 respectively. Find the least
value of ii such that the sum of the firstn terms of the sequence is greater than 888.
(b) Express the nth term T(n) in terms of n.
(c) Find the sum to infinity, expressing your answer in the form p + Jq_, where p and q are integers. 9A.!3 HKDSE MA 2020 - I - 16
(d) Express theproduct T(l)xT(3)xT(5)x···xT(2n-1) in terms ofn. The 3rd term and the 6th term of a geometric sequence are 144 and 486 respectively.

(a) Find the lsttermofthe sequence. (2marks)

9A.5 HKCEEMA 1995-1-3
(b) Find the least value of n such that the sum of the first n tenns of the sequence is greater
(a) Find the sum of the first 20 terms of the arithmetic sequence 1,5, 9,. than 8xl018 . (3 marks)
(b) Find the sum to infinity of the geometric sequence 9, 3, 1, ... .

65 66
 9. ARITHMETIC AND GEOMETRIC SEQUENCES

9B Applications 9B.4 HKCEE MA 1985(A/B) - I - 14

9B.1 HKCEEMA 198!(1/2/3)-l-10 $P is deposited in a bank at the interest rate of r% per annum compounded annually. At the end of each
year, of the amount in the account (including principal and interest) is drawn out and the remainder is
3
°
In Figure (1), B1C1CD is a square inscribed in the rightfiangled triangle ABC. LC= 90 , BC= a, AC= 2a,
B1 C 1 = b. A A A redeposited at the same rate.
Let $Qi , $Q2 , $Q3 , ... denote respectively the sums of money drawn out at the end of the first year, second
year, third year, ....
(a) (i) Express Q1 and Q2 in terms of P and r.
c, (ii) Show that Q3 = ;P(l+r%)3 .
(b) Q1, Q2 , Q3 , ... form a geometric sequence. Find the common ratio in terms of r.
27
(c) Suppose Q .
3 = 128P
(i) Find the value of r.
B D C B D C B D C (ii) If P = 10000, find Q1 + Q2 + Q 3 + • • • + Q10. (Give your answer correct to the nearest integer.)
Figure (1) Figure (2) Figure (3)
(a) Express bin tenns of a.
(b) B2C2C1D1 is a square inscribed in l,AE1C1 (see Figure (2)).
(i) Express B2C2 in terms of b. 9B.5 HKCEEMA 1987(AIB)-I- 10
(ii) Hence express B2C2 in tenns of a. Ai
(c) If squares B3C3C2D2, B4C4C3D3, B5C5C4,[}4, ... are drawn successively as indicated in Figure (3),
(i) write down the length of B5Cs in tenns of a.
(ii) find, in tenns of a, the sum of the areas of the infinitely many squares drawn in this way.
A2
/4 '',, ,,

I
9B.2 HKCEE MA 1982(1/2/3)-1-10 <">; : ',,,
(a) (i) Find the sum of all the multiples of3 from 1 to 1000.
(ii) Find the sum of all the multiples of 4 from 1 to l 000 (including I 000). A3 l-fifi---fi�,£4::�"}:73
(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the sum of all the integers from I to 1000 (including l and l000) which are !\,�/-,- i ,,l ',,,,, C2
:A4,>,, \:
neither multiples of 3 nor multiples of 4. _,
\ --,;,e4 __,_ -
:
,
\ ,,,_,,-
/ __, 133
}

9B.3 HKCEE MA 1983(A/B) - I- 10 '

','
A ball is dropped vertically from a height of 10 m, and when it reaches the ground, it rebounds to a height of
10 x ¾ m. The ball continues to fall and rebound again, each time rebounding to � of the height from which In this quesiton you should leave your answers in surd form.
it previously fell (see the figure).
In the figure, A1B1C1 is an equilateral triangle of side 3 and area T1.
(a) Find T1.
(b) The points A2, B2 and C2 divide internally the line segments A1B1 , B1C1 and C1A1 respectively in the
same ratio 1 : 2.The area of 6A2B2C2 is Tz.
!Om (i) Find A2B2.
3 (ii) Find T2.
10x
4m (c) Triangles A3B3 C3, A4B4C4, ... are constructed in a similar way. Their areas are T3, T4, ..., respectively.
It is known that Ti, T2, T:,, T4, ... fonn a geometric sequence.
(i) Find the common ratio.
First Second k-th {ii) Find Tn .
rebound rebound rebound (iii) Find the value of T1 + T2 + · · + Tn·
(a) Find the total distance travelled by the ball just before it makes its second rebound. (iv) Find the sum to infinity of the geometric sequence.
(b) Find, in tenns of k, the total distance travelled by the ball just before it makes its (k+ l)st rebound .
(c) Find the total distance travelled by the ball before it comes to rest.

67 68
 9. ARITHMETIC AND GEOMETRIC SEQUENCES

9B.6 HKCEEMA1988 - I 9 9B.9 HKCEEMA 1992 I 14

(a) Write down the smallest and the largest multiples of 7 between 100 and 999. (a) Given the geometric sequence an ,an-1b, an-2b2 , ... ,c?-bn-2, abn-l, where a and b are unequal and non­
(b) How many multiples of 7 are there between 100 and 999'? Find the sum of these multiples. zero real numbers, find the common ratio and the sum ton terms of the geometric se quence.
(c) Find the sum of all positive three-digit integers which are NOT divisible by 7. (b) A man joins a saving plan by depositing in his bank account a sum of money at the beginning of every
year. At the beginning of the first year, he puts an initial deposit of $P. Every year afterwards, he
9B.7 HKCEEMA 1990-l-14 deposits 10% more than he does in the previous year. The bank pays interest at a rate of 8% p.a.,
The positive integers l, 2, 3 ... are divided into groups G1, G2, C h .. , so that the kth group G k consists of k compounded yearly.
consecutive integers as follows: (i) Find, in tenns of P, an expression for the amount in his account at the end of
G1: 1 (1) the first year,
(2) the second year,
G2 :2,3 (3) the third year.
G3:4,5,6 (Note: You need not simplify your expressions)
(ii) Using (a), or otherwise, show that the amount in his account at the end of the nth year is
$54P(l .1"- 1.08').
(c) A flat is worth $1080000 at the beginning of a certain year and at the same time, a man joins the saving
Gk-I :u1,u2,- .,uk-1 plan in (b) with an initial deposit $P = $20000. Suppose the value of the flat grows by 15% ever y year.
Gk: VJ, v2, ..., vk-1, Vk Show that at the end of the nth year, the value of the flat is greater than the amount in the man's account.

9B.10 HKCEEMA1993 -1- 10

Consider the food production and population problems of a certain country. In the 1st year, the country's
annual food production was 8 million tonnes. At the end of the 1st year its population was 2 million. It is
(a) (i) Write down all the integers in the 6th group G6. assumed that the annual food production increases by 1 million tonnes each year and the population increases
(ii) What is the total number of integers in the first 6 groups G 1 , G2,. . , G6'? by 6% each year.
(b) Find, in terms of k, (a) Find, in million tonnes, the annual food production of the country in
(i ) the last integer Uk-1 in G¼-1 and the first integer v1 in G k, (i) the 3rd year,
(ii) the sum of all the integers in Gk- (ii) the nth year.
9B.8 HKCEEMA1991-l-12 (b) Find, in million tonnes, the total food production in the first 25 years.
(c) Find the population of the country at the end of
do= 10
(i) the 3rd year,
(ii) the nth year.
(d) Starting from the end of the first y ear, find the minimum number of years it will take for the population
to be doubled.
. annual food production in a certain year) .
d1 =8 ds (e) If the ,annual food production per cap.ita, (.1.e. . 1s less than

I
d, population at the end of that year
0.2 tonne, the country will face a food shorta ge problem. Determine whether the country will face a
food shortage problem or not at the end of the 100th year.

9B.11 HKCEEMA 1994-1-15

A maze is formed by line segments of lengths do,d1 ,d2, ... ,dn, ... , with adjacent line segments perpendic­ Suppose the number of babies born in Hong Kong in 1994 is 70 000 and in subsequent years, the number of
dn+2 babies born each year increased by 2% of that of the previous year.
ular to each other as shown in the figure. Let do = 10, di = 8, d2 = 10 and d = 0.9 when n 2: 1,
" (a) Find the number of babies born in Hong Kong
i.e. �=�=-··=0.9 and�=�=- -=0.9. (i) in the first year after 1994;
d1 d3 d2 t4 (ii) in the nth year after 1994.
(a) Find d3 and d5, and express d2n-1 in terms of n.
(b ) In which year will the number of babies born in Hong Kong first exceed 90 000?
(b) Find d6 and express d2n in terms of n. (c) Find the total number of babies born in Hong Kong from 1997 to 2046 inclusive.
(c) Find, in terms of n, the sums (d) It is known that from 1901 to 2099, a year is a leap year if its number is divisible by 4.
(i) d1 +d3+ds+···+d2n-1,
(i) Find the number of leap years between 1997 and 2046.
(ii) d2+c4+di5+--·+d2n- (ii) Find the total number of babies born in Hong Kong in the leap years between 1997 and 2046.
(d) Findthevalue ofthe sum d{)+d1 +d2+d3+ ... to infinity.
69 70
 9. ARITHMETIC AND GEOMETRIC SEQUENCES

9B.12 HKCEE MA 1997 I 10 9B.!4 HKCEE MA 1998 I - I3

Suppose the population of a town grows by 2% each year and its population at the end of 1996 was 300 000. In Figure (1), A1B1C1D1 is a square of side 14cm. A2, B2, C2 and D2 divide A 1B1, B1C1, C1 D1 and D1A1
(a) Find the population at the end of 1998. respectively in the ratio 3 : 4 and form the squareA2B2C2D2. Following the same pattern, A3, B3, C3 and D3
divideA2B2, B2D2, C2D2 and D2A2 respectively in the ratio 3: 4 and form the squareA:,B3C3D3. The process
(b) At the end of which year will the population just exceed 330 000?
is repeated indefinitely to give squares '44B4C'.4D4,A5B5C5D5, ... ,AnBnCnDn , .. . .
9B.13 HKCEE MA I 997 - I - 15 A1 Dz Di A1 ------------- ,, ---------
, , I
As shown below, figure Ai is a square of side£. To the middle of each of three sides offigureA 1, a square of
'-_,
side f is added to give figureA2• 6cm ,,:---/
/ ,' :�-:---�\
Following the same pattern, squares of side i are added to figureA2 to give figureA3. The process is repeated t-· \ ,'\
indefinitely to give figures '44,A5, •• ,An, ,'\ \/''-,,
---/
,' ', I ' 'I

(a) (i) Table 1 shows the numbers and the lengths of sides of the squares added when producing A2 from
A1, A3 fromA2 andA4 fromA3. Complete Table L 8cm � \
A3, s , ,- ,,/-:
(ii) Find the total area of all the squares inA4. \ ,..----:,;•·
(iii) As n increases indefinitely, the total area of all the squares in An tends to a constant k. Express kin '\ __ ,,
------- ,,,_, ------------ 1
'
terms of l. 6cm B2 8cm
(b) The overlapping line segments in figures A1,A2, A3, .. ,An , . .. are removed to form figures B1, Bi, B3, Figure (1) Figure (2)
... ,Bn, ... as shown.
(a} FindA2Bz.
(i) Complete Table 2.
(b) FindAzA.3 :A1A2.
(ii) Write down the perimeter of Bn.
What would the perimeter of Bn become if n increases indefinitely? (c} An ant starts at A1 and crawls along the path A1A2A3 ...An ... as shown in Figure (2). Show that the
total distance crawled by the ant cannot exceed 21 cm.
A3

□
9B.15 HKCEE MA 1999 - I - 17
The manager of a factory estimated that in year 2000, the income of the factory will drop by r% each month
e from $500000 in January to $284400 in December.
(a) Find r correct to the nearest integer.
(b) Suppose the factory's production cost is $400000 in January 2000. The manager proposed to cut the
cost by $2 0 000 every month (i.e., the cost will be $380000 in February and $36000 0 in March etc .)
and claimed that it would not affect the monthly income.
Table 1 (i) Using the value of r obtained in (a), show that the factory will still make a profit for the whole year.
3 9 (ii) The factory will start a research project at the beginning of year 2000 on improving its production
method. The cost of running the research project is $300000 per month. The project will be
Le!lc;tifbfjides;:_ �±: _!be e e stopped at the end of the k-th month if the total cost spent in these k months on running the project
,.
-��--a
dded 3 9 exceeds the total production cost for the remaining months of the year.
Show that J...2 -71k+348 < 0. Hence determine how long the research project will last.

B3 9B.!6 HKCEE MA 2 000 I 14

□
An auditorium has 50 rows of seats. All seats are numbered in numerical order from the first row to the last
e row, and from left to right, as shown in the figure. The first row has 20 seats. The second row has 22 seats.
Each succeeding row has 2 more seats than the previous one.
{a) How many seats are there in the last row?
(b) Find the total number of seats in the
first n rows. Hence detennine in
which row the seat numbered 2000 is
located.
B3
4£

71 72
 9. ARITHMETIC AND GEOMETRlC SEQUENCES

9B.17 HKCEE MA 2001 - I - 12 9B.20 HKCEE MA 2003 - I - 15

Fi ,F2,F3, ... ,F40 as shown below are 40 similar figures. The perimeter of F1 is 10 cm. The perimeter of each Figure ( 1) shows an equilateral triangle AoBoCo of side 1 m. Another triangle A1B 1 C1 is inscribed in triangle
succeeding figure is 1 cm longer than that of the previous one. A0B0C0suchthat --~-c
A oAt
A oBo Bo o
~-cA =k.where0<k<l.LetA1B1=xm.
BoBi CoCi
o o
(a) (i) Express the area of triangle A1 Bo81 in terms of k.
(ii) Express x in terms of k.
(iii) Explain whyA 1B1 Ci is an equilateral triangle.
F40 . . . . . . . A� �� �G
(b) Another equtlateral tnangleA2B2C2 mtnscnbedm tnangleA1B1C1 such that
AiBi = Bi C i = CiAi =k
(a) (i) Find the perimeter of F40. as shown in Figure (2).
(ii) Find the sum of the perimeters of the 40 figures. (i) Prove that the triangles A1B0B1 and A281B2 are simHar.
(b) It is known that the area of F1 is 4cm2. (ii) The above process of inscribing triangles is repeated indefinitely to generate equilateral triangles
(i) Find the area of F2. A3B3 C3, A4B4C4, A5B5C5 , ••.• Find the total area of the triangles A1BoB1 , A2B1B2, A3B2B3 , ....
(ii) Determine with justification whether the areas of F1, F2, F3, ... , F4o fonn an arithmetic sequence. Ao Ao

9B.18 HKCEE MA 2001 I 14

(a) [Outofsyllabus:Theresult ''The solutiontothe equation x5-6x+5=0 is x�l.091" is obtained.]
(b) From 1997 to 2000, Mr. Chan deposited $1000 in a bank at the beginning of each year at an interest
rate of r% per annum, compounded yearly. For the money deposited, the amount accumulated at the
beginning of2001 was $5000. Using (a), find r correct to 1 decimal place.

9B.19 HKCEE MA 2002 I 13 Bo Bo

A line segment AB oflength 3 m is cut into three equal parts AC 1 , C1C2 and C2B as shown in Figure (1). Figure (1)

9B.21 HKCEE MA 2004-1-15

□D
In Figure (1), F1, F2, F3 ... are square frames. The perimeter of F1 is 8 cm. Starting from F2, the perimeter

□
of each square frame is 4 cm longer than the perimeter ofthe previous frame.
A C, C2 B A B
Figure (1) Figure (2)

On the middle part C 1C2, an equilateral triangle C1C2C3 is drawn as shown in Figure (2). Fz
(a) Find, in surd form, the area of triangle C1C2C3. Figure (1)
(a) (i) Find the perimeter of Fio.

*
(b) Each of the line segments AC1, C1 C3, C3C2 and C2B in Figure (2) is further divided into three equal
parts. Similar to the previous process, four smaller equilateral triangles are drawn as shown in Figure (ii) If a thin metal wire of length 1000cm is cut into pieces and these pieces are then bent to fonn the
(3). Find, in surd fonn, the total area ofall the equilateral triangles. above square frames, find the greatest number of rnstinct square frames. that can be formed.
c, c, (b) Figure (2) shows three similar solid right pyramids S1, S2 and S3. The total lengths of the four sides of
the square bases of S1, S2 and S3 are equal to the perimeters of F1, F2 and F3 respectively.
(i) Do the volumes of S 1, S2 and S3 fonn a geometric sequence? Explain your answer.
,13,r],fx, (ii) When the length of the slant edge of S I is 5 cm, find the volume of S3. Give the answer in surd
A
M
B A CC1 B 2 form.

l!v fy LY
Figure (4)

(c) Figure (4) shows all the equilateral triangles so generated when the previous process is repeated again.
Vlhat would the total area ofall the equilateral triangles become ifthis process is repeated indefinitely?
Give your answer in surd fonn. S2 s,
figure (2)
73
 9. ARITHMETIC AND GEOMETRIC SEQUENCES

9B.22 HKCEE MA2005 - l 16 9B.24 HKCEEMA 2009 - I - 15

Peter borrows a loan of $200 000 from a bank at an interest rate of 6% per annum, compounded monthly. For In a city, the taxi fare is charged according to the following table:
each successive month after the day when the loan is taken, loan interest is calculated and then a monthly L> < .-_:-:_-.·:. _; ·-·<> "DistanCi:itriiVelled; " T,ixifare
instalment of $xis immediately paid to the bank until the loan is fully repaid (the last instalment may be less The first 2 km (under 2km will be counted as 2km) $30
than $x), where x < 200000. Every 0.2km thereafter (under 0.2km will be counted as 0.2km) $2.4
(a) (i) Find the loan interest for the 1st month.
Assume that there are no other extra fares.
(ii) Express, in terms of x, the amount that Peter still owes the bank after paying the 1st instalment
(iii) Prove that if Peter has not yet fully repaid the loan after paying the nth instalment. he still owes the (a) A hired taxi in the city travels a distance ofxkm, where x � 2.
bank ${200000(1.005)" -200x[(l.005)"- 11}. (i) Suppose thatx is a multiple of 0.2. Prove that the taxi fare is $(6 + 12.x).
(b) Suppose that Peter's monthly instalment is $1 800 (the last instalment may be less than $1 800). (ii) Suppose thatx is not a multiple of0.2. Is the taxi fare $(6+ 12x)? Explain your answer.
(i) Find the number of months for Peter to fully repay the loan. (b) If a hired taxi in the city travels a distance of 3.1km, find the taxi fare.
(ii) Peter wants to fully repay the loan with a smaller monthly instalment. He requests to pay a monthly (c) In the city, a taxi is hired for 99 journeys. The 1st journey covers a distance of 3.1 km. Starting from
instalment of $900. However, the bank refuses his request Why? the 2nd journey, the distance covered by each journey is 0.5 km longer than that covered by the previous
journey. The taxi driver claims that the total taxi fare will not exceed $33 000. Is the claim correct?
Explain your answer.

9B.25 HKCEEMA2010-I-17
Figure (1) shows the circle passing through the four vertices of the square ABCD. A rectangular coordinate
system is introduced in Figure (1) so that the coordinates of A and B are (0, 0) and (8, 6) respectively.

9B.23 HKCEEMA2008 - I 16 C
In the current financial year of a city, the amount of salaries tax charged for a citizen is calculated according
to the following rules:
· •N°'cl)aigeal>Ie income($) _;'",': Rate .. ·•
On the first 30 000 a% D
On the next 30 000 10%
On the next 30 000 b%
Remainder 24%
The net chargeable income is equal to the net total income minus the sum of allowances. The salaries tax
charged shall not exceed the standard rate of salaries tax applied to the net total income. The standard rate of
salaries tax for the current financial year is 20%.
It is given that a, 10, b, 24 is an arithmetic sequence.
(a) Find a and b. Figure (1) Figure (2)
(b) Suppose that in the current financial year of the city, the sum ofallowances ofa citizen is $172 000.
(i) Let $P be the net tot.al income of the citizen. If the citizen has to pay salaries tax at the standard (a) (i) Using a suitable transfonnation, or otherwise, write down the coordinates ofD. Hence, or other­
rate, express the amount of salaries tax charged for the citizen in tenns ofP. wise, find the coordinates of the centre ofthe circle ABCD.
(ii) Find the least net total income of the citizen so that the salaries tax is charged at the standard rate. (ii) Find the radius of the circle ABCD.
(c) Peter is a citizen in the city. In the current financial year, the net total income and the sum of allowances (b) A student uses the circle ABCD of Figure (1) to design a logo the class association. The process of
of Peter are $1400000 and $172000 respectively. In order to pay his salaries tax, Peter begins to save designing the logo starts by constructing the inscribed circle of the square ABCD such that the inscribed
money 12 months before the due day of paying salaries tax. A deposit of $23 000 is saved in a bank circle touches AB, BC, CD and DA at Ai, B1, C1 and D 1 respectively. The region between the square
on the same day ofeach month at an interest rate of 3% per annum, compounded monthly. There are ABCD and its inscribed circle is shaded as shown in Figure (2). The inscribed circle of the square
totally 12 deposits. Will Peter have enough money to pay his salaries tax on the due day? Explain your A 1 B 1 CiD1 is then constructed such that this inscribed circle touches A1B1, B1C1, C1D1 and D1A1 atA2,
answer. Bz, C2 and Dz respectively. The region between the square A1B1C1D1 and its inscribed circle is also
shaded. The process is carried in until the region between the square A9B9C9D9 and its inscribed circle
is shaded.
(i) Find the ratio of the area of the circle A1B1C1D1 to the area ofthe circleABCD.
(ii) Suppose that the ratio of the tot.al area of all the shaded regions to the area of the circle ABCD
is p: 1. The student thinks that the design of the logo is good when p lies between 0.2 and 0.3.
According to the student, is the design of the logo good? Explain your answer.

76
 9. ARITHMETIC AND GEOMETRIC SEQUENCES

9B.26 HKCEE MA 2011 I- 15 9B.29 HKDSE MA 2012 I- 19

The figure shows a sequence of tables filled with integers. The 1st table consists of 1 row and 1 column and In a city, the air cargo terminal X of an airport handles goods ofweightA(n) tonnes in the nth year since the
1 is assigned to the cell ofthe 1st table. For any integer n > 1, the nth table consists of n rows and n columns start of its operation, where n is a positive integer. It is given that A(n) = alJn, where a and b are positive
and the integers in the cells of the n table satisfy the following conditions: constants. It is found that the weights of the goods handled by X in the 1st year and the 2nd year since the
(1) The integer in the cell at the top left corner is n. start of its operation are 254 100 tonnes and 307 461 tonnes respectively.
(2) In each row, the integer in the cell of the (r+ l)th column is greater than that of the rth (a) (i) Find a and b. Hence find the weight of the goods handled by X in the 4th year since the st.art of its
column by 1, where 1::; r::; n - 1. operation.
(3) In each column, the integer in the cell of the (r+ l)th row is greater than that of the rth (ii) Express, in terms of n, the total weight of the goods handled by X in the first n year since the start
row by 1, where 1::; r::; n-1. of its operation.

ll ll
(b) The air cargo terminal Y starts to operate sinceX has been operated for 4 years. LetB(m) tonnes be the
weight of the goods handled by Y in the mtb year since the start of its operation, where m is a positive
.a0 -§u integer. It is given that B(m) = 2abm .
u �
E 3 4 5 (i) The manager of the airport claims that after Y has been operated, the weight of the goods handled
by Y is less than that handled by X in each year. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
lstrnw[ill 4 5 6
(ii) The supervisor of the airport thinks that when the total weight of the goods handled by X and Y
CD Q
2ndrow 3 4 q 5 6 7 since the start of the operation of X exceeds 20 000 000 tonnes, new facilities should be installed to
maintain the efficiency of the air cargo terminals. According to the supervisor, in which year since
1st table 2nd table 3rd table the start of the operation of X should the new facilities be installed?
(a) Construct and complete the 4th table.
(b) Find the sum of all integers in the 1st row of the 99th table.
(c) Find the sum of all integers in the 99th table. 9B.30 HKDSE MA 2013 I 19
(d) Is there an odd number k such that the sum of all integers in the kth table is an even number? Explain The development of public housing in a city is under study. It is given that the total floor area of all public
your answer. housing flats at the end of the 1st year is 9 x 106 m2 and in subsequent years, the total floor area of public
housing flats built each year is r% of the total floor area of all public housing flats at the end of the previous
year, where ris a constant, and the total floor area of public housing flats pulled down each year is 3 x 105 m2 .
It is found that the total floor area of all public housing flats at the end of the 3rd year is 1.026 x 107 m2.
9B.27 HKDSE MA SP - I - 15
(a) (i) Express, in terms of r, the total floor area of all public housing flats at the end ofthe 2nd year.
The seats in a theatre are numbered in nu- (ii) Find r.
merical order from the first row to the last (b) (i) Express, in terms of n, the total floor area of all public housing flats at the end of the nth year.
row, and from left to right, as shown in the (ii) At the end ofwhich year will the total floor area of all public housing flats first exceed 4 x 107 m2?
figure. The first row has 12 seats. Each
succeeding row has 3 more seats than the (c) It is assumed that the total floor area of public housing flats needed at the end of the nth year is
(a(l .21 )11 +b) m2 , where a and bare constants. Some research results reveal the following information:
previous one. If the theatre cannot accom­
modate more than 930 seats, what is the " The total floor area of public housing flats needed at the ei:id ofthe 'nthyear (m'·)
greatest number of rows in the theatre? L 1 X 101
' 2 1.063 X 10
A research assistant cla.ims that based on the above assumption, the total floor area of all public housing
flats will be greater than the total floor area of public housing flats needed at the end of a certain year.
9B.28 HKDSE MA PP- I- 19 Is the claim correct? Explain your answer.
The amount of investment of a commercial finn in the 1st year is $4000000. The amount of investment in
each successive year is r% less than the previous year. The amount of investment in the 4th year is $1048576.
(a) Find r. 9B.31 HKDSE MA 2014 I 16
(b) The revenue made by the finn in the 1st year is $2000000. The revenue made in each successive year
In the figure, the 1st pattern consists of 3 dots. For any positive integer n, the (n + 1)st pattern is formed by
is 20% less than the previous year.
adding 2 dots to the nth pattern. Find the least value of m such that the total number of dots in the first m
(i) Find the least number of years needed for the total revenue made by the finn to exceed $9 000000. patterns exceeds 6 888.
(ii) Will the total revenue made by the firm exceed $10000000? Explain your answer.
• • •
=> => =>
• • •
(iii) The manager of the firm claims that the total revenue made by the finn will exceed the total amount
of investment. Do you agree? Explain your answer. • • • • • • • • •

n "
9B32 HKDSE MA 2017 1-16
A city adopts a plan to import water from another city. It is given that the volume of water imported in the
1st year since the start of the plan is 1.5 x 107 m3 and in subsequent years, the volume of water imported
each year is 10% less than the volume of water imported in the previous year.
(a) Find the total volume of water imported in the first 20 years since the start of the plan.
(b) Someone claims that the total volume of water imported since the start of the plan will not exceed
1.6 x 108 m3. Do you agree? Explain your answer.

80
 10. INEQUALITIES AND LINEAR PROGRAMMING

l0A.10 HKCEEMA 2010 I 2

. 29x-22
(a) Solve the inequality --- $c 3x.
10 Inequalities and Linear Programming 7
(b) Write down the greatest integer satisfying the inequality in (a).

l0A.11 HKDSE MA 2012- 1-6

4x+6
lOA Linear inequalities in one unknown xwhich satisfy both -- > 2(x-3) and x
(a) Find the range of values of 2 -10 $c 10.
7
(b) How many positive integers satisfy both the inequalities in {a)?
l0A.1 HKCEE MA 91 98 -1-2
. 1 IOA.12 HKDSE MA 2013 l 5
Consider x+1 > s(3x+ 2).
. 19- 7x
(a) Solve the inequality. - > 23 -5x.
(a) Solve the inequality --
3
(b) In addition, if -4 $c x $c 4, find the range of x. 19-7x
(b) Find all integers satisfying both the inequalities --- > 23- 5x and1 8 -2x � 0.
3
l0A.2 HKCEE MA 1995- 1- l(a)
l0A.13 HKDSE MA 2015-1-5
Solve the inequality3x+ 1 � 7. 7-3x
(a) Find the range of values ofxwhichsatisfy both - - $c 2(x+2) and 4x-13 > 0.
5
IOA.3 HKCEEMA 1999-1-3 (b) Write down the least integer which satisfies both inequalities in (a).
Find the range of values of
xwhich satisfy both3x- 4 > (
2 - x 1) and x < 6. IOA.14 HKDSEMA20!6 I 6
IOA.4 HKCEE MA 2000-1-5 Consider the compound inequality x+ 6 < 6(x+ 11) or x $c- 5 . (').
11-2x (a) Solve(*).
Solve -- - < 1 and represent the solution in the figure. (b) Write down the greatest negative integer satisfying (*).
5

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 2 3 4 5 l0A.15 HKpSEMA 2017- I - 5

x
+8
(a) Find the range of values of x which satisfy both 7(x- 2) $ l l and 6 - x < 5.
3
IOA.5 HKCEEMA2002-l-7 (b) How many integers satisfy both inequa lities in (a)?
(a) Solve the inequality 3.x+6�4+x.
(b) Find all integers which satisfy both the inequalities3x + 6 � 4 + x and 2x- 5 < 0. lOA.16 HKDSEMA2018-I-6
3-x
(a) Find the range of values of x which satisfy both -- > 2x+ 7 and x+ 8 � 0.
l0A.6 HKCEE MA 2003 - l 2 2
(b) Write down the greatest integer satisfying both inequalities in (a).
3
Find the range of values of x which satisfy both �Sx � 2- x and +
x 8 > 0.
IOA.17 HKDSE MA 2019- I- 6
. _ 7x+26
IOA.7 HKCEE MA 2005- l 4 (a) Solve themequality - - $ 2(3x- l).
4
. . -3x+ 1
Solve the mequality -- - > x-5. 7x+26
(b) Find the number of integers satisfying both inequalities -- - $ 2(3x- 1) and 45
- 5x � 0.
4 4
-3x+l
x 5 and x
Also write down all integers which satisfy both the inequalities -- - > - 2 + 1 � 0. IOA.18 HKDSE MA 2020 - I- 6
4
Consider the compound inequality
IOA.8 HKCEE MA 2006 - l 2
. . x+25
(a) So1vethemequality x+l <- -. 3-x> ?-x or 5+x>4 ............... (*).
6 2
. . fy"mg th e mequa
· x+ 25
(b) Wn·1e d own the greatest mteger satis li ty x+ 1 < - -. (a) Solve ("') .
6
IOA.9 HKCEE MA 2008 -1 -2 (b) Write down the greatest negative integer satisfying ("') .
(4marks)
. 14x
I themequality s?2x+7.
(a) Sove
14x
(b) Write down the least integer satisfying the inequality S � 2x+7.

" 82
 l 0. INEQUALITIES AND LINEAR PROGRAMMING

lOB Quadratic inequalities in one unknown I0B.11 HKCEE AM 1995 I 4

. . 5 .
lOB.l HKCEE MA 1982(1/2/3)- 1 - 3 Solve the mequality x- - > 4 for each of the followmg cases:
Solve 2x2 -x < 36. (a) x>0;
(b)x<0.
lOB.2 HKCEEMA 1988 - I -3
Solve the inequality 2x2 2. 5x. I0B.12 (HKCEEAM 1996-1-3)

Solve the inequality �;: $ 1 for each of the following cases:

IOB.3 HKCEEMA 1990-1-4
(a) Solve the following inequalities: (a)x>-1;
(i) 6x+l 2:2x-3, (b)x<-1.
(ii) (2-x)(x+J) > 0,
10B.13 HKCEEAM 1998-l-6(a)
(b) Using (a), find the values of x which satisfy both 6.x+ 1 ;::: 2x- 3 and (2-x)(x+ 3) > 0.
Solve x:2-6.x-16 > 0.
lOBA HKCEEMA 1993 I 4
Solve the inequality x:2 - x- 2 <0. I0B.14 (HKCEEAM 1999-1-2)
Hence solve the inequality (y-100) 2 - (y- 100) -2 < 0. x
Solve the inequality � - > 2 for each of the following cases:
x-1
I0B.5 HKCEE MA 1996 - I- 5 (a) x > I;
(b) X< 1.
Solve (i) x;s >4; (ii) x:2-6x+8<0.
Hence write down the range of values of x which satisfy both the inequalities in (i) and (ii). 10B.15 (HKCEE AM 2000- I-1)

So1 ve the mequ

· l 2.'. l cor each ofthe following cases:
a1ity X
10B.6 HKCEEMA 1997 - I -4
(a) x>0;
Solve (i) 2.x-17>0, (ii) x2-16x+63>0.
(b) x<0.
Hence write down the range of values ofx which satisfy both the inequalities in (i) and (ii).
I0B.16 HKCEE AM 201 J 3
10B.7 HKCEEMA2001 1-4
Solve the following inequalities:
Solve :?- + x- 6 > 0 and represent the solution in the figure.
(a) 5x-3>2x+9;
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 2 3 4 5 (b) x(x- 8),; 20;
(c) Sx-3>2x+9 or x(x-8) $20.
lOB.S HKCEE AM 1985 -1- 3
Solve the inequality x2 - ax- 4 $ 0, where a is real.
If, among the possible values of x satisfying the above inequality, the greatest is 4, find the least.

I0B.9 HKCEEAM 1986-1-7

Solve x > � +2 for each of the following cases:

X
(a) x>0;
(b) x<0.

10B.10 (HKCEE AM 1994-1-1)

. . 2�+1)
Solve the rnequality 2 2: 1 for each of the followmg cases:
x-
(a) x>2;
(b) x<2.
83 84
 10. INEQUALITIES AND LINEAR PROGRAMMING

lOC Problems leading to quadratic inequalities in one unknown lOC.8 HKCEEAM 1988 1-5
lOC.1 HKCEE MA 1983(B)-I-14 (Continued from 6C.3.) Let f(x) =x2+4mx+4m+l5, where mis a constant. Findthe discriminant ofthe equation f(x) =0.
Hence, or otherwise, find the range of values of m so that f(x) > 0 for all real values of x.
a and /3 are the roots of the quadratic equation .x2-2mx + n =0, where m and n are real numbers.
(a) Find, in terms of m and n,
(i) (m-a)+(m-fi), lOC.9 HKCEEAMI988-1-IO (Continued from 7B.10.)
(ii) (m-a)(m-fi). Let f(x) =x2+2x-1 and g(x) = -x2+2kx-k2+6 (wberekis a constant.)
(b) Find, in terms of mand n, the quadratic equation having roots m-a and m- fl. (a) Suppose the graph of y = f(x) cuts the x-axis at the points P and Q, and the graph of y = g(x) cuts
(c) If n =4, find the range of values of msuch thatthe equation x2-- 2mx + n = 0 has real roots. thex-ax:is at the points Rand S.
(i) Find the lengths of PQ and RS.
lOC.2 HKCEEMA1985(A/B)-l-13 (Continued from 7C.1.) (ii) Find, in terms of k, the x-coordinate of the mid-point of RS.
A
If the mid-points of PQ and RS coincide with each other, find the value of k.
In the figure, ABC is an equilateral triangle. AB= 2. D, E, F are points
(b) If the graphs of y = J(x) and y = g(x) intersect at only one point, find the possible values of k; and
on AB, BC, CA respectively such that AD= BE= CF=x.
for each value of k, find the point of intersection.
(a) By using the cosine formula or otherwise, express DE2 in tenns of x.
(c) Find the range of values of k such that J(x) > g(x) for any real value of x.
./3
(b) Show thatthe area of .6DEF = (3x2-6x+4).
4
Hence, by using the method of completing the square, find the value lOC.10 HKCEE AM 1991 I 7 (Continued from 6C.17.)
of x such that the area of f::JJEF is smallest. F p+q+k=2,
X p, q and k are real numbers satisfying the following conditions: {
./3 pq+qk+kp= 1.
(c) If the area of f::JJEF $ , find the range of the values of x. B
3 X E C
(a) Express pq intenns of k.
(b) Find a quadratic equation, with coefficients in terms of k, whose roots are p and q.
lOC.3 HKCEEMA 1987(B)-I-14 (Continued from 8C.4.) Hence find the range of possible values of k.
Given p = y + z, where y varies directly as x, z varies inversely as x and xis positive. When x = 2, p = 7;
whenx=3, p=S. lOC.11 HKCEE AM 1991 I 9 (Continued from 7B.1L)
(a) Ftndpwhen x=4. Let f(x) =x2+2x-2 and g(x) = -2x2-12x-23.
(b) Fmd the range of values of x such that pis less than 13. (a) Express g(x) in the form a(x+b)2+c, where a, band care real constants.
Hence show that g(x) < 0 for all real values of x.
lOC.4 HKCEEMA 1992-1-6 (b) Let k1 and k2 (k 1 > k2) be the two values of k such that the equation f(x) +kg(x) =0 has equal roots.
(i) Find k1 and k2•
Find the range of values of k so that the quadratic equation x2+1kx+ (k+6) = 0 has two distinct real roots.
(ii) Showthat J(x)+k1g(x)$0 and f(x)+kzg(x)2:0 for all realvalues ofx.

lOCS HKCEE MA 2003 I 10 (Continued from SC.14.)

The speed of a solar-powered toy can is V emfs and the length of its solar panel is Lem, where 5 $ L$ 25.
(c) Using (a) and (b), or otherwise, find the greatest and least values of
;i:?.
V is a function of L. It is known that V is the sum of two parts, one part varies as Land the other part varies lOC.12 HKCEE AM 1995 I 1
as the square of L. When L = 10, V = 30 and when L = 15, V = 75.
Let J(x) = x2+ (1-m)x+2m-5, where mis a constant. Find the discriminant of the equation f(x) = 0.
(a) Express Vin terms ofL.
(b) Find the range of values of L when V::::; 30. Hence find the range of values of m so that f(x) > 0 for all real values of x.

lOC.6 HKCEEMA 2004 - I 10 (Continued from SC.15.) lOC.13 (HKCEEAM 1995-1-10) [Difficult] (Continued from 6C.20.)
It is known that y is the sum of two parts, one part varies as x and the other part varies as the square of x. Let f(x) = 12x2 + 2px - q and g(x) = 12x2 + 2qx- p, where p, q are distinct real numbers. a, fj are the
When x=3, y=3 and when x=4, y=12. roots of the equation f(x) =0 and a, rare the roots of the equation g(x) = 0.
(a) Expressyinterms ofx. (a) Using the fact that f( a) =g( a), find the value of a. Hence show that p +q = 3.
(b) If xis an integer andy < 42, find all possible value(s) of x. (b) Express fl and yin tenns of p.
7 7
(c) Suppose -- <f3 3 +y3 <-·
lOC.7 HKCEEAM 1983 1- 1 24 24
(i) Find the range of possible values of p.
Determine the range of values ofA for which the equation x2 +4x+2+A(2x+ 1) = 0 has no real roots. (ii) Furthennore, if p > q, write down the possible integral values of p and q.

85 as
 10. INEQUALITIES AND LINEAR PROGRAMMING

!0C.14 (HKCEE AM 1996 - I -8) lOD Linear programming (with given region)
The graph of y = x2- (k-2)x+k+ 1 intersects the x-axis at two distinct points ( a,0) and (/3,0), where k 10D.1 HKCEE MA !984(AIB) - I - 8
y
is real. In the figure, £1 : 2y = 3, £2: 3x - 2y = 0. The line £3
(a) Find the range of possible values ofk. passes through (0, 10) and (10,0). f.2:3x-2y=O
(0, IO)
(b) Furthermore, if -5 < a+ /3 < 5, find the range of possible values of k. (a) Find the equation of h
(b) Find the coordinates of the points A, B and C.
!OC.15 (HKCEEAM 1997 - I- 8)
(c) In the figure, the shaded region, including the
Let a and /3 be the roots of the equation .x2+ (k+ 2)x+ 2(k-1) = 0, where k is real. boundary, is determined by three inequalities.
(a) Show that a and /3 are real and distinct. Write down these inequalities.
(b) If the difference between a and J3 is larger than 3, find the range of possible values ofk. (d) (x,y) is any point in the shaded region, including the
boundary.and P=x+2y-5. Find the maximum
!0C.16 HKCEEAM 1999-1-4 and minimum values of P.
Let J(x) =2x2+Z(k-4)x+k, wherekisreal.
(a) Find the discriminant of the equation J(x) = 0.
(b) If the graph of y = J(x) lies above the x-axis for all values of x, find the range of possible values of k.

!0C.17 HKCEEAM 2005 5

Find the range of values of k such that x2 -x - 1 > k(x-2) for all real values of x.

!0C.18 HKCEEAM 2006 4

If lo?+ x+ k > 0 for all real values of x, where k -=j::. 0, find the range of possible values of k.

!0C.19 HKCEEAM 2008 - 4 10D.2 HKCEE MA 1988 I 12 y

X
The graph of y = lo? - x + 9k lies below the x-axis, where k -=j::. 0 In the figure, L1 is the line x =3 and L2 is the line
(see the figure). Find the range of possible values of k. y = 4. LJJ is the line passing through the points (3,0) and
(0,4).
(a) Find the equation of L3 in the form ax+ by = c,
where a. b and c are integers.
(b) Write down the three constraints which determine
the shaded region, including the boundary.
(c) Let P = x+4y. If (x,y) is any point satisfying all
!0C.20 HKCEEAM2010-4
the constraints in (b), find the greatest and the least
It is given that (k- 1).x2 +kx+k 2:: 0 for all real values of x. Find the range of possible values of k. values of P.
(d) If one more constraint 2x - 3y + 3 ::5 0 is added,
shade in the figure the new region satisfying all the
four constraints.
For any JX>int (x,y) lying in the new region, find the X
least value of P defined in (c).

87 88
 10. INEQUALITIES AND LINEAR PROGRAMMING

10D.3 HKCEEMA 1990-1-5 10D.5 HKCEE MA 1992 I - 3

In the figure, the shaded region ABCDE is bounded by the five given lines .e1, .e2, £.3, €4 and €5. The line In this question, working steps are not required and you need to given the answers only.
€:x+4y=0 passes through the origin 0. In the figure, the shaded region, including the boundary, is detennined by three inequalities.
Let P =x+4y-2, where (x,y) is any point in the shaded region including the boundary. Find the greatest
and the least values of P. (a) Write down the three inequalities.
y (b) How many points (x,y), where x and y are both integers, satisfy the three inequalities in (a)?
y·
6
This diagram is drawn to scale. 5
4
3
2 1
=
-1--
' y 2
I I I I
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

10D.6 HKCEE MA 1993-l- l(d)

In this question, working steps are not required and you need to give the answers only.
In the figure, find a point (x,y) in the shaded region (including the boundary) at which the value of x+ 2y is
10D.4 HKCEE MA 1991 -I - 8 (i) greatest, Y
In the figure, L1 is the line x = 4, L2 is the line (ii) least.
passing through the point (0, 2) with slope 1, and What are these greatest and least values?
L3 is the line passing through the points (5,0) and
(0,5).
(a) Find the equations of Lz and L3.
(b) Write down the three inequalities which de­ (4,0)
termine the shaded region, including the
boundary.
(-3,0)
(c) Suppose P = x + 2y - 3 and (x,y) is any
point satisfying all the inequalities in (b).
(i) Find the point (x,y) at which Pis a min­
imum. What is this minimum value of
P1
(ii) H P 2: 7, by adding a suitable straight
line to the figure, find the range of pos­
sible values of x.

89 ea
 10. INEQUALITIES AND LINEAR PROGRAMMING

10D.7 HKCEE MA 1995 I 12 10D.8 HKCEE MA 1 996 I - 9

A box of Brand X chocolates costs $25 and contains 20 chocolates. A box of Brand Y chocolates costs In the figure, El is the region (including the boundary) bounded y
$37.50 and contains 40 chocolates. by the three straight lines
Mrs. Chiu wants to spend not more than $300 to buy at least 240 chocolates for her students. She wants to L1 :3x+2y-7=0,
buy at least 3 boxes of each brand of chocolates but not more than 10 boxes altogether. £-i:3x-5y+7=0
(a) If Mrs. Chiu buys x boxes of Brand X chocolates and y boxes of Brand Y chocolates, then x, y are and L3:2x-y-7=0.
integers such that x � 3 and y 2 3. Write down the inequalities in terms of x and y which say L1 and Li. intersect atA(l, 2). L2 and L3 intersect atB(6,5).
(i) the total number of chocolates is at least 240; (a) Find the coordinates of Cat which L1 and L3 intersect.
(ii) the total cost is not more than $300; (b) Write down the three inequalities which define the region a. �<----+--+4'-------- x
(iii) the total number of boxes is not more than 10. (c) Find the maximum value of 2x-2y- 7. where (x,y) is any
(b) The points representing the ordered pairs (x,y) satisfying all the constraints in (a) are contained in the point in the region a.
shaded region in the graph below. List all these ordered pairs (x,y).
(c) Find the least amount Mrs. Chiu has to pay in buying chocolates for her students. Lr
(d) Mrs. Chiu goes to a shop to buy the chocolates. She finds that she can get a free gift for every purchase
of $300. In order to get the free gift, she decides to spend exactly $300 on buying the chocolates. Find
(i) all possible combinations (x,y) of the numbers of boxes of Brand X and Brand Y chocolates, and
(ii) the greatest number of chocolates
Mrs. Chiu can buy.
y
10D.9 HKCEE MA 2002 I - 17
(a) The figure shows two straight lines L1 and Li,. L1 cuts the coordinate axes at the points (5k,0) and
(0, 9k) while L2 cuts the coordinate axes at the points (12k, 0) and (0,5k), where kis a positive integer.
Find the equations of L1 and L2.
(b) A factory has two production lines A and B. Line A requires 45 man-hours to produce an article and the
production of each article discharges 50 units of pollutants. To produce the same article, line B required
25 man-hours and discharges 120 units of pollutants. The profit yielded by each article produced by the
production line A is $3000 and the profit yielded by each article produced by the production line B is
$2000.
(i) The factory has 225 man-hours available and y
the total amount of pollutants discharged
must not exceed 600 units. Let the number
of articles produced by the production lines
A and B be x and y respectively. Write down (0,9k)
the appropriate inequalities and by putting
k = 1 in the figure, find the greatest possible
profit of the factory.
(0,5k)
(ii) Suppose now the factory has 450 man-hours
available and the total amount of pollutants
discharged must not exceed 1200 units.
Using the figure, find the greatest possible
profit.
0 (5k,0) (12k,0) x

0 2 3 4 5 6 7

92
 l 0. INEQUALITIES AND LINEAR PROGRAMMING

10D.10 HKCEE MA 2009 -I -16 lOE Linear programming (without given region)
(a) In the figure, the straight lines L1 and Li are perpendicular to each other. The equations of the straight l0E.1 HKCEEMA 1980(1/1'/3)-I-12
lines L3 and L, are x = 8 and y = 10 respectively. It is given that L 1 and L2 intersect at the point
(12,24) while L1 and L3 intersect at the point (8, 16). An airline company has a small passenger plane with a luggage capacity of 720 kg, and a floor area of 60 m2
for installing passenger seats. An economy-class seat takes up 1 m2 of floor area while a first-class seat
(i) Find the equations of L1 and Li.
takes up 1.5 m2 . The company requires that the number of first-class seats should not exceed the number of
(ii) In the figure, the shaded region (including the boundary) represents the solution of a system of
economy-class seats. An economy-class passenger cannot carry more than 10kg of luggage while a first­
inequalities. Write down the system of inequalities.
class passenger cannot carry more than 30 kg of luggage.
(b) There are two kinds of dining tables placed in
a restaurant: square tables and round tables. The profit from selling a first-class ticket is double that from selling an economy-class ticket. If all tickets
The manager of the restaurant wants to place are sold out in every flight, find graphically how many economy-class seats and how many first-class seats
at least 8 square tables and 10 round tables. should be inst.ailed to give the company the maximum profit.
Moreover, the number of round tables placed (Let x be the number of economy-class seats installed, y be the number of first-class seats installed.)
y
is not more than 2 times that of the square
tables placed. Each square table occupies a
floor area of 4 m2 and each round tables occu­
pies a floor area of8 m2• The floor area occu­
pied by the dining tables in the restaurant is at
most 240m2 . On a certain day, the profits on
a square table and a round table at $4000 and
$6000 respectively.
The manager claims that the total profit on the
L3
dining tables can exceed $230 000 that day. -=-1--------------x
Do you agree? Explain your answer. 0

'
10D.11 HKDSEMA2014 J-18
(a) In the figure, the equation of the straight line L1 is 6.x+ 7y = 900 and the x-intercept of the straight
line Li is 180. L1 and L2 intersect at the point (45,90). The shaded region (including the boundary)
represents the solution of a system of inequalities. Find the system of inequalities. ·! '·
(b) A factory produces two types of wardrobes, X and Y. y
Each wardrobe X requires6 man-hours for assembly / '··H
X
and 2 man-hours for packing while each wardrobe Y
..
requires 7 man-hours for assembly and 3 man-hours
for packing. In a certain month, the factory has 900
man-hours available for assembly and 360 man-hours
available for packing. The profits for producing a
wardrobe X and a wardrobe Y are $440 and $665 re­
spectively. A worker claims that the total profit can
exceed $80 000 that month. Do you agree? Explain X
your answer.

93 94
 10. INEQUALITIES AND LINEAR PROGRAMMING

lOE.2 HKCEEMA 1981(1/2/3)-1-8 lOE.3 HKCEE MA 1983(A/B)- I- 12

An association plans to build a hostel with x single rooms and y double rooms satisfying the following (a) On the graph paper provided below, draw the following straight lines:
conditions: y = 2x, x+y = 30, 2x+3y = 120.
(1) The hostel will accommodate at least 48 persons. (b) On the same h aper, shade the region that satisfies all the following inequalities:
�� ;
(2) Each single room will occupy an area of 10 m2 , each double room will occupy an area of 15 m2 and
the tot.al available floor area for the rooms is 450 m2 . ! y$2x,
x+y2:'. 30,
(3) The number of double rooms should not exceed the number of single rooms.
2x+3y '.5 120.
If the profits on a single room and a double room are $300 and $400 per month respectively, find graphically (c) It is given that P = 3x+2y. Under the constraints given by the inequalities in (b),
the values of x and y so that the total profit will be a maximum.
(i) find the maximum and minimum values of P, and
,, ,..
,, (ii) find the maximum and minimum values of P if there is the additional constraint x $ 45.

,, y

50
.., ,, '.
,,
,,,
'
.,

30

X
0 IO 20 30 40 50 60

96
 10. INEQUALITIES AND LINEAR PROGRAMMING

lOE.4 HKCEE MA 1986(A/B) -1- 11 lOE.5 HKCEEMA1987(A/B)-l-12

(a) (i) On the graph paper provided, draw the following straight lines: A factory produces three products A, Band Cfrom two materials Mand N.
x+y=40, x+3y=60, 1x+2y= 140.
(if) On the same graph. paper, shade the region that satisfies all the following constraints: Each tonne of M produces 4000 pieces ofA, 20 000 pieces of B and 6000 pieces of C .
x2:0 , y2:0 , x+y;?:40, x+3y;?:60, 7x+2y2:140. Each tonne of N produces 6000 pieces of A, 5000 pieces of Band 3000 pieces of C .
(b) A company has two workshops A and B. Workshop A produces 1 cabinet, 1 table and 7 chairs each The factory has received an order for 24 000 pieces of A, 60 000 pieces of B and 24000 pieces of C. The
day. Workshop B produces 1 cabinet, 3 tables and 2 chairs each day. The company gets an order costs of Mand N are respectively $4000 and $3000 per tonne. By following the steps below, detennine the
for 40 cabinets, 60 tables and 140 chairs. The expenditures to operate Workshop A and Workshop B least cost of the materials used so as the meet the order.
are respectively $1000 and $2000 each day. Use the result of(a)(ii) to find the number of days each
(a) Suppose x tonnes of M and y tonnes of N were used. By considering the requirement of A, B and C of
workshop should operate to meet the order if the total expenditure in operating the workshops is to be
kept to a minimum. the order, five constraints could be obtained Three of them are:
X;?: 0, y 2:0, 4000x+6000y 2: 24000.
(Denote the number of days that Workshops A and B should operate by x andy respectively.)
Write down the other two constraints on x andy.
(b) On the graph paper provided, draw and shade the region which satisfies the five constraints in (a).
(c) Express the cost of materials in terms of x andy.
Hence use the graph in (b) to find the least cost of materials used to meet the order.

97 98
 10. INEQUALITIES AND LINEAR PROGRAMMING

lOE.6 HKCEE MA 1989 I - 14 lOE.7 HKCEEMA 1994-1-11

(a) In the figure, draw and shade the region that satisfies the following inequalities: (a) Draw the following straight lines on the graph paper provided:
y2,20 x+y= 10, x+2y= 12, 2x=3y.
{ 2x-y> 40 (b) Mr. Chan intends to employ a contractor to build a rectangular
x+y:$100 flower bed ABCD with length AB equal to x metres and width
(b) The vitamin content and the cost of three types of foodX, Y and Z are shown in the following table: BC equal to y metres. This project includes building a wall of
FoodX FoodY FoodZ length x metres along the side AB and fences along the other
Vitamin A (units/kg) 400 600 400 three sides as shown in the figure. C
xm ---�
Vitamin B (units/kg) 800 200 400 Mr. Chan wishes to have the total length of the four sides of the flower bed not less than 20metres, and
Cost (dollars/kg) 6 5 4 he also adds the condition that twice the length of the flower bed should not less than three times its
A man wants to produce 100kg of a mixture by mixing these three types of food. Let the amount of width. However, no contractor will build the fences if their total length is less than 12 metres.
food X, food Y and food Z used by x, y and z kilograms respectively. (i) Write down all the above constraints for x and y.
(i) Express z in terms of x and y. (ii) Mr. Chan has to pay the contractor $500 per metre for building the wall and $300 per metre for
(ii) Express the cost of the mixture in terms ofx and y. building the fences. Find the length and width of the flower bed so that the total payment for
(iii) Suppose the mixture must contain at least 44 000 units of vitamin A and 48 000 units of vitamin B. building the wall and fences is the minimum.
y > 20 Find also the minimum total payment.
Show that { 2x - y ;::: 40
x+y::£100
y
(iv) Using the result in (a), detennine the values of x,y and z so that the cost is the least.

99 100
 10. INEQUALITIES AND LINEAR PROGRAMMING

l0E.8 HKCEEMA1998 1-18 lOE.9 HKCEE MA 2000 I 15

Miss Chan makes cookies and cakes for a school fair. The ingredients needed to make a tray of cookies and A company produces two brands, A and B, of mixed nuts by putting peanuts and almonds together. A packet
a tray of cakes are shown in the table. ' ( !--' Flout sugar,' Eggs of brand A mixed nuts contains 40 g of peanuts and 10 g of almonds. A packet of brand B mixed nuts contains
Qwkies 032kg 024kg 2 30 g of peanuts and 25 g of almonds. The company has 2400 kg of peanuts, 1200 kg of almonds and 70 carton
Miss Chan has 4.48kg of flour, 4.32kg of sugar and 100 eggs,
from which she makes x trays of cookies and y trays of cakes. Oikes 0.28kg 036kg 10 boxes. Each carton box can pack 1000 brand A packets or 800 brand B packets.
The profits generated by a box of brand A mixed nuts and a box of brand B mixed nuts are $800 and $1000
(a) Write down the inequalities that represent the constraints on x and y. Let pg be the region of p oints respectively. Suppose x boxes of brand A mixed nuts and y boxes of brand B mixed nuts are produced.
representing ordered pairs (x,y) which satisfy these inequalities. Draw and shade the region pg in the
figure below. (a) Using the graph paper provided, findx and y so that the profit is the greatest.
(b) The profit from selling a tray of cookies is $90, and that from selling a tray of cakes is $120. If x and y (b) If the number of boxes of brand B mixed nuts is to be smaller than the number of boxes of brand A
are integers, find the maximum possible profit. mixed nuts, find the greatest profit.

y y
20
i • I ' ' I ·, I ' I
70
I ! i I
i
' ' '
i I i
I
'
I ; I
i ' I
! i ! '
! I
' I
' ' I I ' I i i 60
15 '
! I
!
'
I I i
i I I ' ; ! I
' ' '
' ' ;

10 i i ' ' i i 50
I ! i i ' I '

! ' i i i ' I i
i I I I I i ' !
'
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5
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I
I I
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30
0 5 10 15 20

20

10

0 10 20 30 40 60 70 X

,01 102
!OE.IO HKCEE MA 2001 15
1$x$9,
(a) In Figure (1), shade the region that represents the solution to the following constraints: { 0 ::S: y :s; 9,
5x-2y> 15.
(b) A restaurant has 90 tables. Figure (2) shows its floor plan where a circle represents a table. Each table
is assigned a 2-digit number from 10 to 99. A rectangular coordinate system is introduced to the floor
plan such that the table numbered lOx + y is located at (x,y) where x is the tens digit and y is the units
digit of the table number. The table numbered 42 has been marked in the figure as an illustration.
The restaurant is partitioned into two areas, one smoking and one non-smoking. Only those tables with
the digits of the table numbers satisfying the constraints in (a) are in the smoking area.
(i) In Figure (2), shade all the circles which represent the tables in the smoking area.
(ii) [Probability]
Two tables are randomly selected, one after another and without replacement from the 90 tables.
Find the probability that
(1) the first selected table is in the smoking area;
(2) of the two selected tables, one is in the smoking area, and the other is in the non-smoking area
and its number is a multiple of 3.
10

()00000000
i
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-
8 ,000000000
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6- 6 -000000000
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2 -000@00000

---000000000
X

2345678910 2345678910
Figure (1) Figure (2)

,03 104
 11. GEOMETRY OF RECTILINEAR FIGURES

UA.6 HKCEE MA1995 -I-l(c)

Find the size of an interior angle of a regular octagon (8-sided polygon).

1�1
11 Geometry of Rectilinear Figures
5
llA.7 HKCEE MA 1995 - 1- l(d) A 12 D
In the figure, ABCD is a rectangle. Find ED.

llA Angles in intersecting lines and polygons

B C
llA.l HKCEEMA 1980(1/1*/3) -I - 1
Find the value of x in the figure. (2x+40) ° llA.8 HKCEE MA 1996 I 10
In the figure, AB = CD and AE = BC.
(a) Find x.
O
X 3x0
(b) Which two triangles in the figure are congruent?
(c) FindB,yandz.
llA.2 HKCEEMA 1980(1*)-l-15 A

In D:.ABC (see the figure), BD = ¼AB, CE= }Ac, BE intersects

CDatP. x=y. Prove that
(a) MMC and DADC are similar and EM= ¼AB,
(b) MDP and .6.EMP are congruent,
(c) PM-CM,
D UA.9 HKCEEMA 1998 I 2
(d) area of triangle EDP is half the area of triangle PEC. A
In the figure, CDE is a straight line. Find x and y.
B C 80°

llA.3 HKCEEMA1981(2)-l-14 140°

In the figure, AX//BY. AP and BP bisect LXAB and LYBA respectively,

and they meet at P. Astraight line passing through P meets AX and BY at
C and D respectively. Prove that
(a) LAPB=90°,
llA.10 HKCEEMA 1999-1-14 F
(b) CP-DP,
In the figure, ABCD is a parallelogram. EBDF A
(c) AC+BD -AB.
is a straightline and EB=DF.
Y-c!
D
--------""B (a) Prove that LAB£= L.CDF.
(b) Prove that EA//CF. B
UA.4 HKCEEMA 1988-1-S(a) E
Pis a point inside a square ABCD such that PBC is an equilateral triangle. AP is produced to meet CD at Q. llA.11 HKCEE MA 2000 - I - 13 (To continue as 14A.6.)
(i) Draw a diagram to represent the above information. A
In the figure, ABCDE is a regular pentagon and CDFG is a square.
(ii) Calculate L.PAB and L.PQC. BG produced meets AE at P.
(a) Find L.BCG, LABP and LAPE.
s?-¥0======,F
llA.5 HKCEEMA 1993(1)-1-l(c) 5
3 E
In the figure, find x.

X 7

C D
106
 11. GEOMETRY OF RECTILINEAR FIGURES

llA.12 HKCEE MA 2002 I 10 A llA.16 HKCEE MA 2007 - I - 8

B C
In the figure, ABC is a triangle in which LBAC = 20 and AB =AC. D, E are points
°
In the figure, ABC and DEF are straight lines. It is given that
on AB and Fis a point on AC such that BC= CE= EF = FD. AC//DF. BC�CF. L.EBF�90 ° and L.BED� 110° . Find
(a) Find L.CEF. x, y andz. AllO�
(b) Prove that AD=DF. F
D D E

llA.17 HKCEE MA 2008 - I 9

In the figure, AB//CD. Eis a point lying on AD such that AE =AC. Findx, y andz.

C,r:c=------,r7D
4 30 X
E
y
E

llA.13 HKCEE MA 2004-I-12

A
In the figure, ABC, AFB, BCD and DEF are straight lines. AB =AC, CD= CE llA.18 HKDSE MA2020 - I- 8
and L.CDE = 36° .
In Figure 1, B and D are points lying on AC and AE respectively. BE and CD intersect at the
(a) Find point F. Itisgiventhat AB=BE, BDI/CE, LCAE=30° and LADB=42° .
(i) L.AEF,
(ii) L.BAC. C
(b) Suppose AF=FB.
(i) Prove that LAEB is a right angle.
(ii) If AE = 10cm, find the area of 6ABC.

E A
llA.14 HKCEE MA 2005 I 8 Figure 1
A B
In the figure, ABCDEF is a regular six-sided polygon. AC and BF intersect (a) Find LBEC ..
at G. Find x, y and z.
z' (b) Let LBDC = B . Express LCFE in terms of B .
F C
(5marl<s)
x"
E D

llA.15 HKCEE MA 2006 - I - 5

In the figure, ABCD is a parallelogram. E is a point lying on AD
such that AE = AB. It is given that L.EBC = 70° . Find L.ABE
and L.BCD.

108
 11. GEOMETRY OF RECTILINEAR FIGURES

llB Congruent and similar triangles llB.6 HKCEE MA 2011 I 9

D A
llB.l HKCEE MA 1982(2) - 1 -13 (To continue as 12A.5.) In the figure, AD is the angle bisector of LBAC. It is given that LABD = LACD.
In the figure, .6.ADB and DACE are equilateral triangles. DC and E (a) Prove that .6.ABD� MCD.
BE intersect at F. (b) If LBAD=31 ° and LACD=17° , findLCBD.
(a) Prove that DC=BE. [Hint: Considert:.ADCand6AEE.J

B C
llB.2 HKCEE MA 2001 - I 11
As shown in the figure, a piece of squarepaper ABCD of side 12cm
is folded along a line segment PQ so that the vertex A coincides with
the mid-point of the side BC. Let the new positions of A and D be D'
llB.7 HKDSE MA 2013 I- 7
A' and D' respectively, and denote by R the intersection of A'D' and
CD. In the figure, ABCD is a quadrilateral. The diagonals AC and BD
(a) Let the length ofAPbexcm. By considering the triangle PEA', intersect at E. It is given that BE= CE and LBAC = LBDC.
findx. (a) Prove that D.ABC � .6.DCB. E
(b) Prove that the triangles PEA' andA'CR are similar. (b) Consider the triangles in the figure.
(c) Fmd the length ofA'R. (i) How many pairs of congruent triangles are there?
(ii) How manypairs of similar triangles are there?
B C
11B3 HKCEEMA 2003 I 8
C
The figure shows aparallelogramABCD. The diagonals AC andBD cut at E. �
(a) Prove that the triangles ABC and CDA are congruent.
(b) Write down all other pairs of congruent triangles. llB.8 HKDSEMA 2014 I-9
In the figure, Dis a point lying on AC such that LBAC = LCBD.
~
ix:l
A B (a) Prove that .6.ABC t::.BDC.
llB.4 HKCEE MA 2009 I 11 (b) Suppose that AC= 25 cm, BC= 20cm and BD = 12cm.
Is b.13CD a right-angled triangle? Explain your answer.
In the figure, Cis a point lying on DE. AE and BC intersect at F. It D
A C
is given that AC=AD, BC=DE and LBCE=LCAD.
(a) Prove that 6ABC � b.AED.
(b) If AD/ /BC. C\7,F,----� B
~
(i) prove that 6ABF .6.DEA;
(ii) write down two other triangles which are similar to llB.9 HKDSE MA 2015 I 13
f:o.ABF. In the figure, ABCD is a square. E and Fare points lying on BC and CD respectively such that AE = BF.
E
AE and BF intersect at G. A�------,D
llB.5 HKCEE MA 2010 I 9 (a) Prove that MEE� l::,.BCF.
In the figure. AB=CD, AE//CD, LBAE = 108 ° and LBCD = 126° . (b) Is t::.BGE a right-angled triangle? Explain your answer.
(a) Find LABC. (c) If CF= 15cm and EG=9cm, find BG. F
(b) Prove that l:::.A.BC � DJJCB.
B G

B E C

C'L___.::,,D
109 110
11B.10 HKDSE MA2016 -1-13 llB.14 HKDSEMA2020-l-18
In the figure, ABC is a triangle. D, E and Mare points lying on BC such that BD = CE, LADC = L4EB In Figure 2, U, V and W are points lying on a circle. Denote the circle by C . TU is the tangent
and DM=EM. to C at U such that TVW is a straight line.

A
(a) Prove that MCD � .6.ABE.
(b) Suppose that AD= 15 cm, BD = 7 cm and DE= 18 cm.
(i) FindAM.
(ii) Is MEE a right-angled triangle? Explain your answer.

B D M E C

llB.11 HKDSE MA 2017 - I- 10 (To continue as 12A.31.)

In the figure, OPQR is a quadrilateral such that OP= OQ = OR. OQ and PR intersect at the point S. Sis
the mid-point of PR. p
(a) Prove that D.OPS � D.ORS.

Figure 2

(a) Prove that 1::.UTV ~ b.WI'U . (2 marks)

(b) Itisgiventhat VWisadiameterofC. Supposethat TU=780cm and TV=325cm,

11B.12 HKDSEMA2018-l-13
(i) Express the circumference of C in terms· of tr .
In the figure, ABCD is a trapezium with LABC = 90° and AB// DC. E is a point lying on BC such that
LAED-90° . (ti) Someone claims th at the pecimeter of l!.UVW exceeds 35 m . Do you agree? Explain
~
(a) Prove that .6.ABE LECD. D your answer.
(b) Itisgiventhat AB=15cm, AE=25cm and CE=36cm. (S marl<s)
(i) Find the length of CD.
(ii) Find the area of MDE.
(iii) Is there a point Flying on AD such that the distance between E
A
and Fis less than 23 cm? Explain your answer.

B E C

11B.13 HKDSEMA2019-l-!4
In the figure, ABCD is a square. It is given that E is a point lying on AD. BD and CE intersect at the point F.
Let Gbe a point such that BG/ /EC and CG/ /DB.
(a) Prove that A B
(i) 6BCG e; 6CBF,
(ii) D.BCF ~ 6DEF.
(b) Suppose that LBCF = LBGC. G
(i) Let BC= e. Express DF in terms of£. E
F
(ii) Someone claims that AE > DF. Do you agree?
Explain your answer.

D C

"' 112
 12. GEOMETRY OF CIRCLES

12A.5 HKCEEMA 1982(2)-1-13 D (Continued from llB.l.)

In the figure, 6.ADB and 6.ACE are equilateral triangles. DC and
E
12 Geometry of Circles BE intersect at F.
(a) Prove that DC=BE. [Hint: Consider6.ADCand6.AB£.]
(b) (i) Prove that A, D, Band Fare concyclic.
(ii) Find LBFD.
12A Angles and chords in circles (c) Let the mid-points of DB, BC and CE be X, Y and Z respec­
12A.1 HKCEEMA1980(1/l*/3)-!-!0 (Continued from 15A.1.) tively. Find the angles of LiXYZ.

A,BandCaretbree pointsonthelineOXsuchthat OA=2, OB=3 and OC=4. WithA,B,Cas centres

and OA, OB, OC as radii, three semi-circles are drawn as shown in the figure. A line OY cuts the three
semi-circles at P, Q, R respectively.
(a) If LYOX = 0, express LPAX, LQBX and LRCX in terms of 0. 12A.6 HKCEEMA 1989 - I - 4
(b) Find the following ratios: y
AB is a diameter of a circle and M is a point on the circumference. C is a point on BM produced such
area of sector OAP: area of sector OBQ : area of sector OCR. that BM=MC.
(c) If RD J_ OX, calculate the angle 0.
(a) Draw a diagram to represent the above information.
(b) Show that AM bisects LBAC.

12A.7 HKCEEMA 1989-1-6 {To continue as 14A.4.)

12A.2 HKCEEMA 1980(1 *) - 1-14 In the figure, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral with AD = 10 cm, L.ACD = 60°
In the figure, AB=AC, AD =AE, x=y. Straight lines ED and CE intersect atK. and L.ACB = 40° .
(a) Prove that 6.ABD and MC£ are congruent. A (a) Find L.ABD and LEAD.
(b) Prove that ABCK is a cyclic quadrilateral.
E D
(c) Besides the quadrilateral ABCK, there is another cyclic
B
quadn1ateral in the figure. Write it down (proof is not
required).

12A3 HKCEEMA198!(2)-I-7
In the figure, 0 is the centre of circle ABC. LOAB = 40° . Calculate LBCA.

12A.8 HKCEEMA 1990-I - 9

In the figure, AB is a diameter of the circle ADB and ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB= AC.
(a) Prove that 6.ABD and 6.ACD are congruent.
A (b) The tangent to the circle at D cuts AC at the point E. A
Prove that 6.A.BD and b:ADE are similar.
12A.4 HKCEEMA1982(2)- I-6 (c) In (b), let AB=5 and BD = 4.
(i) FindDE.
In the figure, 0 is the centre of the circle BAD. BOC and ADC (ii) CA is produced to meet the circle at the point F.
are straight lines. If LADO= 50° and LA.CB= 20 ° , find x, y Find AF.
andz. B D C

113 114
 12. GEOMETRY OF CIRCLES

12A.9 HKCEEMA 1992-1 11 12A.12 HKCEE MA 1996-1-6

In thefigure,A, B, C,D,E andF arepointsona circlesuch that AD//FE and BCD =ME. AD intersects In the figure, A, B, C, D are points on a circle. CB and DA are
BE at X. AF and DE are produced to meet at Y. _____ A produced to meet at P. If AB//DC, prove that AP =BP.
(a) Prove that /j,_£FY is isosceles. p
(b) Prove that BA/(DE.
(c) Prove that A, X, E, Y are concyclic.
(d) If b =47°, findf1,yandx.

12A.13 HKCEE MA 1997 I 9

In the figure, AC is a diameter of the circle. AC = 4 cm and LBAC = 30° . Find
y (a) LBDC and LADE,
C (b) Ali: BC,
(c) AB:BC.
D

12A.10 HKCEE MA 1993 -1 11

The figure shows a semicircle with diameter AD and centre 0. The chords AC and BD meet at P. Q is the 12A.14 HKCEEMA 1998-1-6
foot of theperpendicular from P to AD. B B
In the figure, A, B, C, Dare points on a circle. AC and ED meet at E.
(a) Show that A, Q, P, Bare concyclic.
(a) Which triangle is similar to /j,_£CD?
(b) Let LBQP = 0. Find, in terms of 0,
(b) Findy.
(i) LB(]!:,
(ii) LBOC.
(c) Let L.CAD = (/). Find LCBQ in terms of(/).

12A.11 HKCEEMA 1994- I - 13 12A.15 HKCEE MA 1998 - I - 14

In the figure, A, B, C, D are points on a In the figure, 0 is the centre of the semkircle ABCD and AB = BC.
circle and ABE,GHKE,DJCE,AGDF, HJF, Show that BO//CD.
BKCF are straight lines. FH bisects LAFE
and GE bisects LAED.
(a) Prove that LFGH=LFKH.
(b) Prove that FH .l. GK.
(c) (i) If LAED=LAFB, provethatD,J,
H, Gare concyclic. 12A.16 HKCEE MA 1999 I - 5
(ii) If LAED�28 ° and LAFB�46° ,
In the figure,A, B, C,D are points on a circle andAC is a diameter.
fi.ndLBCD.
Findxandy.

20°

F B
A

"'
 12. GEOMETRY OF CIRCLES

12A.17 HKCEEMA 1999-I-16 (To continue as 16C.20.) UA.21 HKCEE MA 2002- I- 16 (To continue as 16C.23.)
(a) In the figure, ABC is a triangle right-angled at B. D is a point on AB. A circle is drawn with DB In the figure.AB is a diameter of the circleABEG with centre C. The perpendicular from G to AB cuts AB at
as a diameter. The line through D and parallel to AC cuts the circle at E. CE is produced to cut the 0. AE cuts OG atD. BE and OG are produced to meet atF. F
circle at F. C Mary and John tzy to prove OD• OF= ocfl- by using two different approaches.
(i) Prove that A, F, B and Care concyclic. (a) Mary tackles the problem by first proving that MOD~ &OB and
(ii) If Mis the mid-point of AC, explain why MB =MF. MOG ~ f:::..GOB. Complete the following tasks for Mary.
(i) Prove that MOD~ b.FOB.
(ii) Prove that .6.AOG ~ b.GOB. E
(iii) Using (a)(i) and (a)(ii), prove that OD• OF= ocP.

A i"----'--'----,----'1 B
0 C

UA.18 HKCEE MA 2000 - I 7

In the figure, ADand BC are two parallel chords of the circle. AC and
BD intersect at E. Find x and y. UA.22 HKCEE MA 2005 - I - 17 (To continue as 16C.26.)
(a) In the figure, MN is a diameter of the circle MONR. The chord RO is perpendicular to the straight line
POQ. RNQ and RMP are straight lines.
(i) By considering triangles OQR and ORP, prove that
OR2 =0P-OQ.
(ii) Prove that !::::.MON~ 6POR.

UA.19 HKCEE MA 2001 I 5

In the figure, AC is a diameter of the circle. Find L.DAC. Q p

UA.23 HKCEE MA 2006 - I - 16 (To continue as 16C.27.)

A
In the figure, G and H are the circumcentre and the
orthocentre of MBC respectively. AH produced
meets BC at 0. The perpendicular from G to BC s
meets BC at R. BS is a diameter of the circle which
passes through A, Band C.
(a) Prove that
(i) ARCS is a parallelogram,
UA.20 HKCEE MA 2002 I 9
(ii) AH - 2GR.
In the figure,BD is a diameter of the circleABCD. AB=AC and LBDC = 40° .
FindLABD.

B
B

117 118
 12. GEOMETRY OF CIRCLES

12A.24 HKCEEMA2007 I 17 (Tocontinueas16C.28.) 12A.28 HKDSEMA PP I 14 (To continue as 16C.51.)

(a) In the figure, AC is the diamete r of the se mi-cir cle ABC with centre 0. Dis a point lying on AC su ch In the figure, OABC is a circle. It is gi ven that AB prod u ced and OC produced D
that AB=BD. lis the i n-centre of DABD. Al is produced to meet BC atE. Bl is produced tomee t AC meet atD.
atG.
(a) Write down a pair of similar tria ngles i n the figure.
(i) Prove tha t l:,,ABG � 6.DBG.
(ii) By con s i deri ng the triangles AG! and ABE, prove
GI = BE
that
AG AB"

A G D C

12A.25 HKCEEMA2008 - I -17 (To continue as 16C.29.)

The figure show s a circle passing th rough A, Ba nd C. I is the 12A.29 HKDSEMA2012 1-8
in-centre of l:,,ABC and Al produced meets the circle at P. In the figure,AB, BC, CD and AD are chor ds of the circle. AC a nd BD
(a) Prove that BP=CP=IP. intersectatE.Itisgi venthat BE=8cm, CE=20cm and DE=l5cm.
(a) Write down a pair of similar triang les in the figure. Also find AE.
(b) Suppose that AB = 10cm. Are AC and BD perpendi cular to each C
other? Expl ai n your answer.

p 12A.30 HKDSE MA 2015 I 8

In the figure, ABCD is a circle.Eis a point lying on AC such that BC= CE.
ltis g iven that AB=AD, LADB=58° and L.CBD=25° .
12A.26 HKDSE MA SP - I - 7 B Find LBDCand LABE.
In the figure, O is the centre of the semicircle ABCD.
If AB//DC and LEAD- 38 °, find LBDC.

38°
A 0
C

12A.27 HKDSE MA PP I 7 12A.31 HKDSEMA2017 I 10 (Continued from llB.11.)

In the figure, BD is a diame t e r of the circleABCD. In the figure, OPQR is a quadrilateral such that OP= OQ = OR. OQ and PR intersect at the point S. Sis
If AB=AC and LBDC=36°, fi ndLABD. the m i d-point of PR.
(a) Prove that D,.QPS � D,.ORS. p
(b) It is give n that O is the ce ntre of the circle which p asses through P, Q
andR. If OQ= 6cmand LPRQ =10° , find theareaofthesector OPQR
i n terms of n.

119 120
 12. GEOMETRY OF CIRCLES

12A.32 HKDSE MA 2018 - I - 8 12B Tangents of circles

In the figure, ABCDE is a circle. It is given thatAB//ED. AD and BE 12Jl.1 HKCEEMA 1980(1')-l-8
intersect at the point F.
In the figure, TA and TB touch the circle at A and B respectively. LACE= 65 °.
Express x and y in terms of 0. A
Find the value of x.

C
x'
E D T

12A.33 HKDSEMA2019 1-13 12B.2 HKCEE MA 1981(2)- 1- 13

In the figure, 0 is the centre of circle ABCDE. AC is a diameter of the circle. BD and OC intersect at the In the figure, circles PMQ and QNR touch each other at Q.
=
point F. It is given that LAED 115° . E
QT is a common tangent. PQR is a straight line. TP and
TR cut the circ les at M and N respectively.
(a) Find LCBF.
(b) Suppose that BC//OD and OB= 18 cm. Is the perimeter of the
(a) If LP=x and LR=y, expressLMQNinterms of
p
[\!x____-;?t�--- __)R
,.,

sector OBC less than 60cm? Explain your answer. x andy.

(b) Prove that Q, M, T and N are concyclic.
(c) Prove that P, M, N and Rare concyclic.
M
(d) There are several pairs of similar triangles in the fig­
ure. Name any two pairs (no proof is required).

12B.3 HKCEE MA 1982(2)-1-14

In the figure, two circles touch internally at T. TR is their
common tangent. AB touches the smaller circle at S. AT
and BT cut the smaller circle at P and Q respectively.
R
PQ and ST intersect at K.
(a) Prove that PQ/ /AB.
(b) Prove that ST bisects LATE.
(c) 6.STQ is similar to four other triangles in the figure.
Write down any three of them.
(No proof is required.)

12B.4 HKCEE MA 1983(A/B)-1- 2

In the figure, 0 is the centre of the cir cle. A and B are two points on the
circle such that OAB is an equilateral triangle. OA is produced to C such
that OA =AC. 0
(a) Find LABC.
(b) Is CB a tangent to the circle at B? Give a reason for your answer.
B

C
121 122
 12. GEOMETRY OF CIRCLES

12B.5 HKCEEMA 1984(A/B)-l-5 12B.9 HKCEEMA 1987(A/B)-I- 6 C

p
In the figure, AP and AQ touch the circle BCD at B and Thefigure shows a circle, centre 0, inscribed in a sector ABC. D, E and Fare
D respectively. LPBC = 30° and LCDQ = 80 ° . Find the pointsof cont act. OD= 1cm, AB=rcm and LBAC=60°. Findr.
values ofx, y and z. F E

A B
I<---- rem ----------,i
Q

12B.10 HKCEE MA 1987(A/B)-l-7

12B.6 HKCEEMA I985(A/B)-I-2 In the figure, 0 is the centre of the circle. AOCP is a straight line,
In the figure, PB touches the circle ABC atB. PAC is a straight line. PB touches the circle atB, BA =BP and LPAB =x0 • Findx.
LABC=60° . AP=AB. Findthevalueofx. x"

12B.11 HKCEEMA 1988-l-S(b)

In the figure, CT is tangent to the circle ABT.
12B.7 HKCEEMA I986(A/B)-I-2 (i) Find a triangle similar to MCT and give reasons.
E
In the figure, TAE and TBF are tangents to thecircle ABC. (ii) If CT= 6 and BC= 5, find AB.
If LATB=30° and AC//TF. findxandy.
A C

B 12B.12 HKCEEMA 1991-1-13

In the figure, A, Bare the centres of the circles DEC and DFC respectively. ECF is a straight line.
(a) Provethat triangles ABC and ABD arecongrue nt.
(b) Let LFED-55 °. LACB�95 ° .
12B.8 HKCEEMA 1986(A/B)-I-6 (i) Find LCAB and LEFD.
In the figure, A, Band Care three points on the circ le. CT is a (ii) A circle Sis drawn through D to touch the line
tangent and ABT is a straight line. CF atF.
(a) Name a triangle which is similar to 6.BCT. (1) Draw a labelled rough diagram to represent
(b) Let BT=x, AB= 17 and CT= I0J2. Findx. the above infonnation.
(2) Show that the diameter of the circle S is
2DF.

124
 12. GEOMETRY OF CIRCLES

12B.13 HKCEE MA 1995 - I- 14 12B.16 HKCEE MA 2003 - I 17 (To continue as 16C.24.)

In Figure (1), AP and AQ are tangents to the circle at P and Q. A line through A cuts the circle at Band C (a) In the figure, OP is a common tangent to the circles Ci
and a line through Q parallel to AC cuts the circle at R. PR cuts BC at M. and C2 at the points O and P respectively. The common c,
(a) Prove that chord KM when produced intersects OP at N. R and K
(i) M, P, A and Qare concyclic; S are points on KO and KP respectively such that the
(ii) MR�MQ. straight line RMS is parallel to OP.
(b) If LPAC = 20° and LQAC =50° , find LQPR and LPQR. (You are not required to give reasons.) (i) By considering triangles NPM and NKP, prove
thatNP2 =NK-NM.
(c) The perpendicular from M to RQ meets RQ at H (see Figure (2)).
(ii) Prove that RM= MS. 0 p
(i) Explain briefly why MH bisects RQ.
(ii) Explain briefly why the centre of the circle lies on the line through M and H.
p p
12B.17 HKCEE MA 2004- I - 16(a),(b),(c)(i) (To continue as 16C.25.)
In the figure, BC is a tangent to the circle DAB with BC// OA. OA is produced D
toD such that AD= OB. ED cuts the circle at£.
A A (a) Prove that 6.ADE � MOE.
(b) Prove that LBEO = 2LBOE.
(c) Suppose OE is a diameter of the circle OAEB.
(i) Find LBOE. C
Figure (1) Figure (2)

12B.14 HKCEE MA 1997 - I- 16 (To continue as 16C.18.)

(a) In the figure, Dis a point on the circle with AB as diameter
and C as the centre. The tangent to the circle at A meets ED
produced at E. The perpendicular to this tangent through E
meets CD produced at F.
(i) Prove that AB//EF. 12B.18 HKCEE AM 2002 15 (To continue as 16C.45.)
(ii) Prove that FD= FE. (a) DEF is a triangle with perimeter p and area A. A circle C1 of radius r E
(iii) Explain why F is the centre of the circle passing 1
through D and touching AE at E. is inscribed in the triangle (see the figure). Show that A= 7_pr-
A

12B.15 HKCEE MA 2000 I 16 (To continue as 16C.21.)

In the figure, C is the centre of the circle PQS. OR and OP are tangent to the R
circle at Sand P respectively. OCQ is a straight line and LQOP = 30°. 12B.19 HKDSE MA SP I 19 (To continue as I6C.50.)
(a) Show that LPQO = 30 ° .
In the figure, the circle passes through four points A, B, C and D. PQ is
(b) Suppose OPQR is a cyclic quadrilateral. the tangent to the circle at D and is parallel to ED. AC and ED intersect
(i) Show that RQ is tangent to circle PQS at Q. at£. It is given that AB=AD.
s (a) (i) Prove that DABE� DADE.
(ii) Are the in-centre, the orthocentre, the centroid and the circum­
centre of i:::.ABD collinear? Explain your answer.
Q

126
12B.20 HKDSE MA 2016 I 20 (To continue as 16C.54.)
LOPQ is an obtuse-angled triangle. Denote the in-centre and the circumcentre of ,6.0PQ by I and J respec­
tively. It is given that P, I and J are collinear.
(a) Prove that OP= PQ.

12B.21 HKDSEMA 2019-1-17 {To continue as 160.14.)

(a) Let a and p be the area and perimeter of 6.CDE respectively. Denote the radius of the inscribed circle
of l::.CDE by r. Prove that pr= la.

127 128
 13. BASIC TRIGONOMETRY

13A.10 HKCEE MA 1989 l 7

Rewrite the equation 3 tan e =2cos e in the fonn asin2 e +b sine + c = 0, where a,b and care integers.
Hence solve the equation for0° s; e< 360 ° .
13 Basic Trigonometry
13A.11 HKCEEMA 1990-1-3

13A Trigonometric functions Rewrite sin2 e : cos e =-3 : 2 in the fonn acos2 e +bcos e + c=0, where a,b and c are integers.
Hence solve for e, where0 ° ::5 e<360 ° .
13A.1 HKCEEMA 1980(1/l*/ 3 )-l-4
If 0 < e< 360° and sine= cos 120 °, find e.
°
13A.12 HKCEEMA 1991 I 5
Solve sin2 0-3cosB-1=0 for0 ° s;0<360 °.
13A.2 HKCEE MA 1981(1/2/3) -I-4
Solve cos(200 °+8) = sin 120 ° where 0 ° s; e ::5 180 ° . 13A.13 HKCEEMA1992-I-l(b)

Findxif sinx= 1 and90 °<x< 180 °.

13A.3 HKCEEMA 1982(1/2/3)-1-5
Solve 2 sin2 0+5sin8-3=0 for0,where 0° ::58<360 °. 13A.14 HKCEE MA 1992- I- l(c)
s·implify 1 -sm
. 'A
·
13A.4 HKCEE MA 1983(A/B) -1-7 �
Find all the values of8, where 0° S 0 S. 360°, such that 2cos2 0 +5 sin8 + l = 0 . 13A.!5 HKCEEMA 1993 l 3
sin8+cos0 3
Solve
sin8 - cos 0
2 for0 ° $.0<360 ° .
13A.5 HKCEE MA 1984(A/B)- I- 7
l+cose °
Given tan e = (0 < e<90 °),
.
13A.16 HKCEE MA 1994 - I -2(b)
�
(a) rewrite the above equation in the form acos2 8+bcos0 +c =0 where a,band care integers; If sinx0 = sin36 ° and 90< x< 270, find the value of x.
(b) hence, solve the given equation.
13A.17 HKCEEMA 1994-l-2(c)
13A.6 HKCEEMA 1985(A/B)- I-6 If cosy0 = -cos36 ° and 180< y< 360, find the value ofy.
Solve 2tan 2
e = 1-tane, where 0 S e<360 . (Give your answers correct to the nearest degree.)
° °

13A.18 HKCEE MA 1995 I 6

13A.7 HKCEEMA 1986(A/B)-I-4 Solve the trigonometric equation 2 sin 2 0 + 5 sine - 3 = 0 for0 ° ::5 e<360° .

Solve sin28+7sin8=5cos20 for0 ° $.0<360°.

13A.19 HKCEEMA 2010-I-4
. 180'
For each pos1t.IVe
. . mteger
. n, th enth tenn of a sequence 1s tan
13A.8 HKCEEMA 1987(A/B)-I-4 n +2.
(a) Find the2 nd term of the sequence
Solve the equation sin2 e = ¾ cos8. where 0 ° S. e < 360 ° . .
(b) Write down, in surd form, two different terms of the sequence such that the product of these two terms
is equal to the 2nd term of the sequence.
13A.9 (HKCEEMA 1988 -I -2)
Simplify
sin(I80' -0)
(a
) sln(90' + 0) '
(b) sin2 (180 °-¢) + sln2 (270 ° + ¢ ).

129 130
 13. BASIC TRIGONOMETRY

13B Trigonometric ratios in right-angled triangles 13B.6 HKCEE MA 1998 -1- 3

13B.1 HKCEEMA 1980(1/1*/3)-l-5 A In the figure, findx and y.
In the figure, AB is a vertical thin rod. It is rotated about A to position AB' such 7
that L.BAB' = 30° . If B' is 50 mm higher than B, find the length of the rod.

n
5Dmml B'
B 13B.7 HKCEEMA2000-l-4
In the figure, find a and x.
13B.2 HKCEE MA 1993 - I - I (b) acm

In the figure, find h.

,<>�h

LJ
0

7cm
13B.8 HKCEE MA 2008 - I - 4 R
�-----' --' __-',P_ East
9 km

E In the figure, P, Q and R are three posting boxes on the horizontal

13B.3 HKCEEMA I 994 I 5
ground. P is 9 km due east of R and Q is due south of R. The distance
In the figure, calculate between P and Q is 14km. Find the bearing of Q from P.
(a) the length of BE,
(b) the values of x and y. D

14km

13BA HKCEE MA 1995 -I- l(e) C

Q
In the figure, ABC is a right�angled triangle. If cos A = {, find AC.
South

A 2 B

13B.5 HKCEE MA I 997 -I - 6 N

In the figure, the bearings of two ships A and B from a lighthouse L
are 020° and I 10° respectively. B is 20 km and at a bearing of 140° 140°
from A. Find
(a) the distance ofLfrom B,
(b) thebearing ofLfromB.
20km

131 132
 14. APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY

14A.5 HKCEEMA1997-I-5
D
In the figure, ABC is a right-angled triangle. AB = 3, BC= 4, CD = 6, LABC = 90 °

14 Applications of Trigonometry and LACD = 60° . Find

(a) AC,
(b) AD, A
6
(c) the area of MCD.
14A Two-dimensional applications 3
60°
14A,l HKCEE MA 1981(2/3) -I -11
AB and CD are two straight roads intersecting at X. AB runs North NORTH B 4 C
and makes an angle of 60° with CD. At noon, two people P and Qare B
respectively 24 km and 9 km from X as shown in the figure. P walks D 14A.6 HKCEEMA 2000-I - 13 (Continued from llA.11.)
at a speed of 4.5 km/h towards B and Q walks at a speed of 6 km/h A
towardsD. 60° In the figure, ABCDE is a regular pentagon and CDFG is a square.
BG produced meets AE at P.
(a) Calculate the distance between P and Q at noon.
(a) Find D3CG, LA.BP and LA.PB. p
(b) What are the distances of P and QfromX at 4 p.m.? AB
(c) Calculate the bearing of Q from Pat 4p.m. to the nearest degree. C (b) Using the fact that � , or otherwise, s-?-�G======;';F E
24km sinLABP sinLAPB
detertnlne which line segment, AP or PE, is longer.

C D
14A.2 HKCEE MA 1982(3) -I -2
In tbefigure, AB=4, AC=5 and BC=7. 14A.7 HKCEEMA 2001-1-9
Calculate LA to the nearest degree. In the figure, find AB and the area of .6.ABC. C

50
8cm
14A.3 HKCEEMA 1985(A/B)-l-13 (To continue as 7C.L)
In the figure, ABC is an equilateral triangle. AB= 2. D, E, F are points A
onAB,BC, CA respectively such that AD =BE= CF =x.
70°
(a) By using the cosine formula or otherwise, express DE2 in terms of x.
A B
(b) Show tbattbe area of illJEF = (3x2-6x+4).
4

B X E C
14A.4 HKCEEMA 1989-1-6 (Continued from 12A.7.)
In the figure, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral with AD = 10 cm, LACD = 60° C
and LA.CB = 40°.
(a) Fmd LABD and LBAD.
(b) Find the length of BD in cm, correct to 2 decimal places.
D

133 134
 14. APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY

14B Three-dimensional applications 14B.4 HKCEEMA 1984(A/B)- I- 13

14B.1 HKCEEMA 1980(1/1*/3)-I-9 In the figure, A, B and C lie in a horizontal plane. AC = 20m. HA is a vertical pole. The angles of elevation
of H from B and C are 30° and 15° respectively.
p H
(In this question, give your answers correct to 2 decimal places.)
(a) {i) Find, in m, the length of the pole HA.
{ii) Find, in m, the length of AB.
(b) If A, B and C lie on a circle with AC as diameter,
{i) find, in m, the distance between B and C;
{ii) find, in m2, the area of !:::.ABC.
WEST EAST

a B
X y
A,'
'1-------------_:,;,.B
400
SOUTH 14B.5 HKCEE MA 1985(A/B) - I - 8
In the figure, PC represents a vertical object of height h metres. From a point A, south of C, the angle of In the figure,A, Band Care three points in a horizontal plane. AB= 100m, LCAB = 30°, LABC =45 °.
elevation of P is a. From a point B, 400 metres east of A, the angle of elevation of P is f3. AC and BC are x (a) Find BC and AC, in metres, correct to 1 decimal place.
metres and y metres respectively. (b) Dis a point vertically above C. From B, the angle of elevation of Dis 25°.
{a) (i} Express x in tenns of hand ex. (i) Find CD, in metres, correct to I decimal place.
(ii) Express yin tenns of h and /3. (ii) Xis a point on AB such that CX .l AB.
(b) If a = 60 ° and f3 = 3 0°, find the value of h correct to 3 significant figures. (l} Find CX, in metres, correct to 1 decimal place.
(2) Find the angle of elevation of D from X, correct to the nearest degree.
14B.2 HKCEE MA 1982(1/2/3)- I- 8 D
The figure represents the framework of a cuboid made of iron wire. It has a
square base of side x cm and a height of y cm. The length of the diagonal AB is
9 cm. The total length of wire used for the framework (including the diagonal
AB} is 69cm. ycm
(a) Find all the values of x and y. �cf,
(b) Hence calculate LA.BC to the nearest degree for the case in which y > x. B

C
xcm
A xcm

14B.3 HKCEE MA 1983(A/B) -I - 13 H

14B.6 HKCEE MA 1986(A/BJ - I- 10
In the figure, A, B and C are three points on the same horizontal
ground. HC is a vertical tower 50m high. A and Bare respec­ In the figure, Q, R and S are three points on the same horizontal plane. QR = 500 m, LSQR = 50° and
tively due east and due south of the tower. The angles of elevation LQRS = 35°. Pis a point vertically above S. The angle of elevation of P from Q is 15 ° .
of H observed from A and B are respectively 45 ° and 30°. (a) Find the distance, in metres, from P to the plane, correct to 3 p
(a) Find the distance between A andB. significant figures.
(b) PisapointonABsuchthat CP.lAB. (b) Find the angle of elevation of P fromR, correct to the nearest
(i) Find the distance between C and P to the nearest metre. degree.
(ii) Find the angle of elevation of H observed from P to the
nearest degree.
35 °
Q R
SOUTH
135 136
 14. APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY

14B.7 HKCEEMA 1987(AJB)-l-11 14B.9 HKCEE MA 1989 - I - 10

Sun ray
In this question, you should give your answers in cm or degrees, correct to 3 decimal places.
The figure shows a solid in which ABCD, DCFE and ABFEare rectangles. DG is the perpendicular from D
toAE.AB=3cm,AD=3cmandDE=2cm. LADE=80° . y
(a) FindAE. A B!
(b) Find illAE. Sun ray
E
(c) FindDG.
(d) FmdBD. 3cm
y
(e) Find the angle between the line ED and thefaceABFE. D :c
B'
B
C'
F
A
Answers in this question should be given correct to at least 3 significant figures or in surd form.
C In the figure, a triangular board ABC, right-angled at A with AB =AC= 10 m, is placed with the vertex A on
the horizontal ground. AB and AC make angles of 45 ° and 30° with the horizontal respectively. The sun casts
a shadow AB'C' of the board on the ground such that B' and c1 are vertically below Band C respectively.
14B.8 HKCEEMA 1988-1-13
(a) Find the lengths of AB' and AC'.
Ray of sun!ighl
(b) Find the lengths of BC, BB' and CC'.
(c) Using the results of (b), or othervvise, find the length of B1C1•
(d) Find L.B'AC'. Hence find the area of the shadow.

.l
..
A __ Ray of sunlight 141!.10 HKCEE MA 1990- I -10 N
T

3m

2m w- - - - - - -- - --E

, 40°

/./ ../
C 29"

B
sooro.etres
H K A

In the figure, ABCD is a wall in the shape of a trapezium with AB and DC vertical Rays of sunlight coming s
fromthe back of the wall cast a shadow HBCK on the horizontal ground such that the edges HB and KC of In the figure, OT represents a vertical tower of height h metres. From the top T of the tower, two landmarks
the shadow are perpendicular to BC. Suppose the angle of elevation of the sun is 0, AB =3m, CD = 2 m A and B, 500 metres apart on the same horizontal ground, are observed to have angles of depression 30° and
andBC=6m. 60° respectively. The bearings of A and B from the tower OTare S20° W and S40°E respectively.
(a) Express HS and KC in terms of 8. (a) Find the lengths of DA and OB in terms of h.
(b) (i) Find theareaS1 ofthe wall. (b) Express the length of AB in terms of h. Hence, or othervvise, find the value of h.
(ii) Find, in tenns of 0, the area S2 of the shadow. Hence show that � = tan 0. (c) Find L.OAB, correct to the nearest degree. Hence write down
S2 (i ) the bearing of B from A,
(c) If 0 =30° , find the length of the edge HK, leaving your answer in surd form.
(ii) the bearing of A from B.
 14. APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY

14B.11 HKCEEMA 1992-1-15 14B.13 HKCEEMA1994-l-14 T

B

'
� II ,
D

3m N

A
A B p
Figure (1) Figure (2) In the figure, OT is a vertical tower of height hmetres and O, P and Qare points on the same horizontal
plane. When a man is at P, he finds that the tower is due north and that the angle of elevation of the top T
In Figure (1), ABCD is a thin square metal sheet of side three metres. The metal sheet is folded along BD of the tower is 30°. When he walks a distance of 500metres in the direction N50°E to Q, he finds that the
and the edges AD and CD of the folded metal sheet are placed on a horizontal plane II with B two metres bearing of the tower is N70°W.
vertically above the plane II. Eis the foot of the perpendicular from B to the plane II. (See Figure (2).)
(a) Find OQ and OP.
(a) Find the lengths of BD, ED and AE, leaving your answers in surd form.
(b) Findh.
(bJ Find LADE.
(c) Find the angle of elevation ofT from Q, giving your answer correct to the nearest degree.
(c) Find the angle between ED and the plane IT.
(d) (i) If he walks a further distance of 400 metres from Qin a direction N0 °E to a point R (not shown
(d) Find the angle between the planes ABD and CED. in the figure) on the same horizontal plane, he finds that the angle of elevation of T is 20° . Find
LOQR and hence write down the value of 0 to the nearest integer.
14B.12 HKCEE MA 1993 I 12 (ii) If he starts from Q again and walks the same distance of 400 metres in another direction to a point

:,
..
p
'.
.
S on the same horizontal plane, he finds that the angle of elevation of T is again 20". Find the
bearing of S from Q, giving your answer correct to the nearest degree .

14B.14 HKCEE MA1995 1- 15

The figure shows a triangular road sign ABC attached to a vertical pole OAB standing on the horizontal
ground. The plane ABC is vertical with OA = 2m, AB= 0.6m,AC= 0.7m and BC= 0.8m. Dis a point
on the horizontal ground vertically below Candis due north of the foot o oftpe pole.
,
The sun is due west. When its angle of elevation is 30 °,
Q B f f
the shadow of the road sign on the horizontal ground is West
A1B1C'.
80 °
(a) Find the lengths of OA 1 andA'B'.
B (b) Calculate L.BAC and hence find the length of OD.
,'45 ° (c) Find the area of the shadow A'B'C'.
(d) If the angle of elevation of the sun is less than 30° ,
/ 2m
(i) state whether the shadow of AB is longer
than, shorter than, or equal toA'B' in (a); and
A hence ,
(ii) state with reasons whether the area of the -+- -61'"0
'- �:�•--+D.L.---North
In the figure, PQ is a vertical televis ion tower h metres high. A and B are two points I 00 m apart on a straight
road in front of the tower with A, B and Q on the same horizontal ground and LA.QB = 80°. The angles of shadow of the road sign ABC is larger than, • /
smaller than,or equalto that ofA'B'C'in(c). / :o

i/
elevation of P from A and B are 45 ° and 60° respectively.

/;-,
(a) (i) Express the lengths of AQ and BQ in terms of h.
(ii) Find hand L.QAB.
(b) A person walks from A along the road towards B. At a certain pointR between A and B, the person finds
that the angle of elevation of P is 50°. How far away is R from A? B'
 14. APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY

14B.15 HKCEEMA1996-I-15 14B.17 HKCEEMA1999-I-18

In the figure, the rectangular plane ABCD is a hillside with inclination 30 . C and 0 are vertically below C
° 1 1
In the figure, a paper card ABC in the shape of an equilateral triangle of side 24 cm is folded to form a paper
and O respectively so that A, B, C', 01 are on the same horizontal plane. BO is a straight path on the hillside aeroplane, D, E and F are points on edge BC so that BD =DE= EF = FC. The aeroplane is formed by
which makes an angle60° with BC, and OT is a vertical tower. AB=2000m, BO= 1000m and OT= 50m. folding the paper card along the lines AD, AE and AF so that AD and AF coincide. It is supported by two
vertical sticks BM and CN of equal length so that A. B, D, F, Clie on the same plane and A, E, M, N lie on
T
the same horizontal ground.
50m
B
24cm
D

E ----------------- A

F
(Top view)
(a) Find BC and CC'. C
(b) Find the inclination of BO with the horizontal.
(c) FindAT. (a) Find the distance between the tips, Band C, of the wings of the aeroplane.
(d) There are cable cars going directly from A to T. A man wants to go to T from B and he can do this by (b) Find the inclination of the wings of the aeroplane to the horizontal ground.
taking either one of the following two routes:
(c) Find the length of the stickCN.
Route I: Walking uphill along BO at an average speed of 0.3 mis and taking a lift in the tower
for 1 minute from O to T.
14B.18 HKCEE MA 2000 - I - 17
Route II: Walking along BA at an average speed of0.8 mis and taking a cable car from A to T
at an average speed of 3.2mls. The figure shows a circle with centre O and radius 10 m on a vertical wall which stands on the horizontal
Detennine which route talces a shorter time. ground. A, B and Care three points on the circumference of the circle such that A is vertically below O,
LAOB = 90° and LAOC = 20°. A laser emitter Don the ground shoots a laser beam at B. The laser beam
14B.16 HKCEE MA 1998 - I - 17 then sweeps through an angle of 30° to shoot at A. The angles of elevation of B and A from D are 60 ° and
30° respectively.
In the figure, triangular sign post ABC stands vertically on the horizontal ground along the east-west direction.
AC= 4m ,BC=6m, LACE =72° andF is the foot ofthe perpendicularfromA to BC. When the sun shines
from N50°W with an angle of elevation 35° , the shadow of the sign post on the horizontal ground is DEC.

Sun rays B

B Vertical
wall
D

(a) FmdAF and FD. (a) Let A be h m above the ground.

(b) Find the area ofthe shadow DBC. (i) Express AD and BD in terms of h.
D
(c) Suppose the sun shines from Nx0W, where 50 < x < 90, but its angle of elevation is still 35 ° . State with (ii) Find h.
reasons whether the area of the shadow of the sign post on the horizontal ground is greater than, smaller (b) Another laser emitter £ on the ground shoots a laser beam at A with angle of elevation 25° . The laser
than or equal to the area obtained in (b). beam then sweeps through an angle of 5° to shoot at C. Find LACE.

141 142
 14. APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY

14B.19 HKCEEMA 2001 - 1 16 14B.21 HKCEE MA 2003 -1 - 14

B B
Figure (l) shows a piece of pentagonal cardboard ABC DE. It is formed by cutting off two equilateral trian­
gular parts, each of sidexcm, from an equilateral triangular cardboard AFG. AB is 6 cm long and the area of
BCDEis5J3cm2•

B
C

A E Figure (1) Figure (2)

D
Figure (1) Figure (2)
Figure (1) shows a triangular metal plate OAB st.anding on the horizontal ground. The side OA lies along the
(a) Show thati1- - 12.x+ 20 = 0. Hence find x. north-south direction on the ground. OB is inclined at an angle of 40° to the horizontal. The overhead sun
(b) The triangular part ABE is folded up along the line BE until the vertex A comes to the position A' (as casts a shadow of the plate, OAC, on the ground. OA = 3 m, OC = 4 m and AC= 6 m.
shown in Figure (2)) such that LA'ED = 40° . (a) Find L.OAC.
(i) Find the length of A'D. (b) In Figure (2), OAD is the shadow of the plate cast on the horizontal ground when the sun shines from
(ii) Find the angle between the planesBCDE andA1BE. S0W with an angle of elevation 30° . AO is produced to cut CD at E. AD = 8 m.
(iii) IfA', B, C, D, E are the vertices of a pyramid with base BCDE, find the volume of the pyramid. (i) FindCD.
(ii) Find L.CAD.
(iii) Using CE+ED =CD, or otherwise, find 0.

14B.20 HKCEEMA2002 1-14 !4B.22 HKCEEMA 2004-1- 17

D F C
In the figure. AB is a straight track 900 m long on the horizontal ground. E is a small object moving along
AB. ST is a vertical tower of height hm standing on the horizontal ground. The angles of elevation of Sfrom
A and B are 20 ° and 15 ° respectively. LTAB = 30 ° .
s O'

' :F'

hm
,,,,,,--- ,-----◊------
� -----300
�?
/
T
_,:---
E
E
In the figure, ABCD is a rect.angular inclined plane. E and F are points on the straight lines AB and CD
A B respectively. F' is vertically below F. A, E, B and F' are on the same horizontal ground. LAF'E = 90 ° ,
----------- 900m ----------- L.FAF1 = 60 °. L.FEF' = 30 ° , L.EFB = 20 ° and EF = 20 m.
(a) Find
(a) Express AT and BT in tenns of h. Hence find h. (i) FF' andAE,
(b) (i) Find the shortest dist.ance between£ and S. (ii) LAEF.
(ii) Let 0 be the angle of elevation of S from E. Find the range of values of 0 as E moves along AB. (b) A small red toy car goes straight from E to B at an average speed of 2 mis while a small yellow toy car
goes straight from F to B at an average speed of 3 mis. The two toy cars start going at the same time.
Will the yellow toy car reach B before the red one? Explain your answer.

143 144
 14. APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY

14B.23 HKCEE MA 2005 I 14 A 14B.25 HKCEE MA 2007 - I - 16

In the figure, a thin triangular board ABC is held with the vertex C on the The figure shows a solid wooden souvenir ABCDEF with the triangular base ABC lying on the horizontal
horizontal ground. D and E are points on the ground vertically below A and ground. A, Band Care vertically below £, F and D respectively. DEF is an inclined triangular plane. It is
B respectively. BC is inclined at an angle of 30° with the horizontal. It is given that AB=9 cm, BC= 5 cm, AC= 6 cm, AE=BF= 20 cm and CD= 23 cm.
known that AD= l00cm,BC = 120cm, LCAB = 60° and LABC = 80° . D
(a) Find the area of the triangular base ABC and the volume of the souvenir
(a) Find BE and CE. ABCDEF.
(b) Find AB and AC.
(b) Find LDFE and the shortest distance from D to EF.
(c) Find LCDE and the shortest distance from C to DE. B
(c) Can a piece of thin rectangular metal plate of dimensions 5cm x 4cm
be fixed onto the triangular surface DEF so that the thin metal plate
completely lies in the triangle DEF? Expl<Un your answer.
C

A
14B.24 HKCEE MA 2006 I 17
In Figure (1), ABC is a triangular paper card. D is a point lying on
AC such that BD is perpendicular to AC. It is known that AB = 40 cm,
BC=60cm and AC=90cm.
(a) FindAD.
14B.26 HKCEE MA 2008 - I - 15
In the figure, His the top of a tower and A is vertically below H. AB, BC and CA are straight paths on the
Figure (1) horizontal ground and Dis a point on AB. Christine walks from A to D along AD and finds that the angle of
A elevation of H from D is 50° . She then walks 50m to B along DB and finds that the angle of elevation of H
(b) The triangular paper card in Figure (1) is folded along BD such that AB and BC lie on a horizontal plane from B is 35 ° .
as shown in Figure (2).
H

A B
Figure (2)
(i) Suppose L.DAC = 62°. (a) Find the distance between Band H.
(1) Find the distance between A and Con the horizontal plane. (b) Christine walks 210m from B to C along BC. It is given that the distance between C and His 130m.
(2) Using Heron's formula, or otherwise, find the area of t:::.ABC on the horizontal plane. (i) Find LCBH.
(3) Find the height of the tetrahedronABCD from the vertex D to the base f:::.ABC. (ii) Find the angle between the plane BCH and the horizontal ground.
(ii) Describe how the volume of the tetrahedron ABCD varies when LADC increases from 30° to 150°. (iii) When Christine walks from B to C along BC, is it possible for her to find a point K on BC such that
Explain your answer. the angle of elevation of Hfrom K is 75 ° ? Explain your answer.

145 146
 14. APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY

14B.27 HKCEE MA 2009- I -17 14B.29 HKCEEMA20ll-l-17

A
The figure shows a geometric model fixed on the horizontal ground. The model consists of two thin triangular
metal plates ABE and CDE, where D lies on AB and CE is perpendicular to the thin metal plate ABE. It is
given that A, B, C and D lie on the horizontal grou nd. It is found that AC= 28 cm, BC= 25 cm, BD = 6 cm, A
BE = 24 cm and LABC = 57 ° .
D

D1-------��,E
s�--------�c -·-·-·-·-·-· ·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·E-._·_·_·-·-·-·-·-·-/
Figure (1) Figure (2)

D In Figure (1), ABC is a thin triangular metal sheet D and E are points lying on AB and AC respectively
such that DE is parallel to BC and the distance between DE an d BC is 4 cm. It is found that AB = 20 cm,
B AC=3Ocm and LBAC=56° .
(a) Find
(a) Find (i) the length of BC,
(i) the length of CD, (ii) LACE,
(ii) LBAC, (iii) the perpendicular distance from A to DE,
(iii) the area of 6.ABC, (iv) the length of DE.
(iv) the shortest distance from E to the horizontal ground. (b) The thin triangular metal sheet in Figure (1) is cut along DE. The metal sheet ADE is held with DE
(b) A student claims that the angle between DE and the horizontal ground is LCDE. Do you agree? Explain lying on the horizontal ground as shown in Figure (2). It is given that Pis the projection of A on the
your answer. horizontal ground and the area of 6.PDE is 120cm2 . Find
(i) the angle between the metal sheet ADE and the horizontal grou nd,
(ii) the shortest distance from A to the horizontal ground.

14B.28 HKCEEMA2010-1-15

14B.30 HKCEEAM198!-II-10
C
In the figure,ABCDE is a right pyramid with a square base ABCD. Each of the eight edges of the pyramid
is of length k. F, G and H are points on AB, AC and AD, respectively, such that FGH is a straight line
and BF =DH= rk, where O :$ r :S: L EG l..HF, LEGC = 0 andN is the foot of the perpendicular from
B E to the base. E
D B (a) Express FE2 and Fcf2 in terms of k and r.
A (b) Express EG and EN in tenns of k and r.
A Hence, or otherwise, show that sin 0 = �­
Figure (1) Figure (2) v !+r­
(c) Using the results of (b), find the range of the
(a) Figure (1) shows a piece of paper card ABCD in the fonn of a quadrilateral with AB= AD and inclination of the plane EFH to the base as r
BC=CD. It is given that BC=24cm, LBAD= 146° and LABC=59° . Findthe length ofAB. varies from O to 1.
(b) The paper card described in (a) is folded along AC such that AB and AD lie on the horizontal ground as
shown in Figure (2). It is given that LBAD = 92° .
(i) Find the distance between B and D on the horizontal ground.
F k
(ii) Find the angle between the plane ABC and the plane ACD.
rk
(iii) Let P be a movable point on the slant edge AC. Describe how LBPD varies as P moves from A to B
C. Explain your answer.

1'8
 14. APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY

14B.31 HKCEEAM 1983-II-8 14B.34 HKCEE AM 1993 -II -7 V

The figure shows a tent consisting of two inclined square planes ABCD and EFCD standing on the horizontal In the figure, VABC is a right pyramid whose base ABC is an equilateral triangle.
ground ABFE. The length of each side of the inclined planes is a. N is a point on CF such that AN J_ CF. AB 12 cm and VA 24 cm. D is a point on VB such that AD is perpendicular to
= =
Let NF =x(=/:- 0), LCFB= 0 andMbe a point on BF such that NM J_ BF. VB. Find, correct to 3 significant figures,
(a) By considering bABM, express AMin terms of a, x and 0. (a) LVBA and AD,
D1____
(b) By considering fj.ANF, express AN in tenns of a,x and 0. (b) the angle between the faces VAB and VBC.
(c) Using the results of (a) and (b), or otherwise, show that
x=2acos2 0. a
(d) Given that x =a , find (correct to the nearest degree) the
2
inclination of AN to the horizontal. F

a 14B.35 HKCEEAM1994-Il-12
B p
A,Band Care three points on the horizontal ground and AB= 100 km. Figure (1)
P is a point vertically above C (see Figure (1)). Let LCAB a, =
LCBA=fi. LPAC=0.
(a) Show that t::
lOOsin/3 km
(i) AC
= sin(a+fi)
a
0,
1 00 sinf3tan 0 km
(ii) PC- 100km
B
14B.32 HKCEEAM 1991 II 6 p sin(a+fi) A
In the figure, PABCD is a right pyramid with a square base of sides of length (b) Suppose at P, a = 45 ° , f3 = 30° and 0 20° . An aeroplane
= P'
4 cm. LPAB = 60° . Find, correct to the nearest 0.1 degree, climbs from P to a point P' along a straight path. The projection
(a) the angle between the plane PAE and the base ABCD, of P' on the ground is the point C' {see Figure (2)). p
Figure (2)
(b) the angle between the planes PAB and PAD. c:J---- - Given that LC'AB = 37° , LC'BA = 43 ° and LP'AC' = 17° ,
. B find, correct to 2 decimal places,
60° (i) AC and AC',
,o
<S'
(ii) the distance between C and C',
4cm
D
(iii} the increase in height of the aeroplane as it climbs from P
A
m�
(iv) the angle of inclination PP'.
Q
B
A ��--��--���

14B.36 HKCEE AM I 995 - II -7 V

14B.33 HKCEEAM 1992-II-7 V
In the figure, VPQRST is a right pyramid whose base PQRST is a regular
In the figure, VABCD is a right pyramid with a square base of side 6 cm. pentagon. PQ 10cm and LPVQ = 42 ° . U is a point on VQ such that
=
VB 9 cm. Find, correct to the nearest 0.1 degree,
= 9cm PU is perpendicular to V Q. Find, correct to 3 significant figures,
(a) the angle between edge VB and the baseABCD, (a) PU and PR,
(b) the angle between the planes VAB and VAD. (b) the angle between the faces VPQ and VQR.

D
6cm A

149 1SO
 14. APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY

14B.37 HKCEEAM 1996-II-12 14B.38 HKCEEAM 1997 II 12

°
In Figure (1 ), ABC is a triangular piece of paper such that LB= 45 ,
LC = 30° and AC = 2. D is the foot of perpendicular from A to
BC.
(a) FindAB,BDandDC. C� 30° 45° B
D
(b) The paper is folded along AD. It is then placed on a horizontal table such that the edges AB and AC lie
on the table and the plane DAB is vertical. (See Figure (2).) Eis the foot of perpendicular from D to
AB.
Figure (2)
(i) If e is the angle between DC
A A L._______,;B Figure (2)
and the horizontal, show that
-IJ- ..
//,,,,"'"-.. ............
sin0= , ,"· In Figure (1), ABCD is a parallelogram on a horizontal plane with AB= 3a, AD= 2a and LEAD= 60°.
(ii) Find CE. His a point vertically above C and HC = a.
Hence show that LEAC = 45 ° . (a) (i) Find AC in terms of a.
B
(iii) Find the angle between the two (ii) If Mis the mid-point of AC, find the angle of elevation of H from M to the nearest degree.
planes DAB and DAC to the nearest
..
(b) Eis a point on BD such that CE is perpendicular to BD.
degree. (i) Find BD and CE in terms of a.
[Hint: You may tear off Figure (3) to (ii) Using Pythagoras' theorem and its converse, show that HE is perpendicular to BD.
help you answer part (b).] Hence find the angle between the planes HBD and ABCD to the nearest degree.
C (c) Figure (2) shows the planes HAD and ABCD. X is a point lying on both planes such that the angle
between the two planes is LHXC. Find AX in terms of a.

14B.39 HKCEEAM 1998 II 13

V

Figure (3)

. ..-k-
F H
a
Figure (1) G Figure (2) G
(a) Figure (1) shows a solid cubeABCDEFGH of side a. LetM be the mid-point of BD.
(i) FindCM.
(ii) Find the angle between the lines CM and HM to the nearest degree.
(b) The tetrahedron BCDH is cut off from the cube in (a) and is then placed on top of the solidABDEFGH
as shown in Figure (2). The face BCD of the tetrahedron coincides with the face BAD of the solid
ABDEFGH such that vertex Hof the tetrahedron moves to position V and vertex C coincides with A.
The two faces BHD and BVD of the new solid lie on the same plane.
(i) Show that sin LFV H = '; and find the perpendicular distance from F to the face BVDH.
(ii) Let N be the point on VB such that DN and AN are both perpendicular to VB.
(l) FindDN.
(2) Find the angle between the faces BVD and BVA to the nearest degree.
(iii) A student says that the angle between the faces BHD andABGF is LAND. Explain briefly whether
the student is correct.
 14. APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY

14B.40 HKCEEAM 1999-11-11 14B.41 HKCEE AM 2001 - 15

A
The figure shows a right cylindrical tower with a radius of rm standing on horizontal ground. A vertical pole Figure (1) R Figure (2)
__-'E
,,____-----:?'1H
HG, hm in height, stands at the centre G of the roof of the tower. Let 0 be the centre of the base of the
tower. C is a point on the circumference of the base of the tower due west of 0 and D is a point on the roof
verticcally above C. A man stands at a point A due west of 0. The angles of elevation of D and H from A are
10° and /3 respectively. The man waJks towards the east to a pointB where he can just see the top of the pole 2
H as shown in the figure. (Note: If he moves forward, he can no longer see the pole.) The angle of elevation
of H fromB is a. Let AB=l!.m. P�Q A
H
(a) Figure (1) shows a pyramid OPQR. The sides OP, OQ and OR are of lengths x, y and z respectively,
N and they are mutually perpendicular to each other.
(i) Express cosLPRQ in terms of x, y and z.
(ii) Let S1, S2, S3 and S4 denote the areas of l::.OPR, l::.OPQ, l::.OQR and l::.PQR respectively. Show
that sl =s1 2 +s/+sl.
(b) Figure (2) shows a rectangular block ABCDEFGH. The lengths of sides AB, BC and AF are 4, 3 and 2
respectively. A pyramid ABCG is cut from the block along the plane GAC.
(i) Find the volume of the pyramid ABCG.
(ii) Find the angle between the side AB and the plane GAC, giving your answer correct to the nearest
degree.

14B.42 HKCEE AM 2002- 17

The figure shows a tetrahedron ABCD such that AB = 28, CD = 30, A
AC= AD= 25 and BC= BD = 40. Fis the foot of perpendicular F
fl--- £m ---<I fromCtoAD.
(a) Find L.BFC, giving your answer correct to the nearest degree. B
(b) A student says that L.BFC represents the angle between the D
planes ACD and ABD.
Explain whether the student is correct or not.
C
£sin a
(a) Show that m. Hence
AD= sin( a- loo)

1111
14B.43 HKCEE AM 2003 - 18
(i) express CD in terms of I!, and a,
Sun rays
h = . £sin2 a sin(� - l0°)
(ii) show that . (Hint: You may consider DA.DH.)
sm(a-10° ) sm(a- P) C
(b) In this part, numerical answers should be given correct to two significant figures. 2m
Suppose a= 15° , f3 = 10.2° and I!,= 97.
(i) Find 0 E
(1) the height ofthepoleHG,
(2) the height and radius of the tower.
(ii) Pis a point south�west of 0. Another man standing at P can just see the top of the poleH. Find A
p Figure (2)
(1) the distance of P from 0,
(2) the bearing of B from P. (a) Figure (1) shows a tetrahedron OPQR with RO perpendicular to the plane OPQ. Let 0 be the angle
Area of l::.OPQ
between the planes RPQ and OPQ. Show that
Area of t::.RPQ
= cos 0.
(b) In Figure (2), a pole of length 2 mis erected vertically at a point Eon the horizontal ground. A triangular
board ABC of area 12 m2 is supported by the pole such that side AB touches the ground and vertex C is
fastened to the top of the pole. AB=6m, BC=xm and CA =ym, where 6 >x>y. The sun rays
are vertical and cast a shadow of the board on the ground.
(i) Find the area of the shadow.
(ii) Two other ways of supporti ng the board with the pole are to fasten vertex A or B to the top of the
pole with the opposite side touching the ground. Among these three ways determine which one
will give the largest shadow.
1S3 1S4
 14. APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY

14B.44 HKCEE A M 2004 - 11 14B.47 HKCEE AM2009- 12

0
In the figure, OABC is a pyramid such that OA = 3, OB= 5. In the figure, ABCD is a regular tetrahedron with length of each side 2. Find the angle between the planes
BC=l2, LAOC=l20° and LOAB=LOBC=90°. 3 - 20° ABC and BCD correct to the nearest degree. A
(a) FindAC.
(b) A student says that angle between the planes OBC and ABC
can be represented by LOBA. Determine whether the stu­
dent is correct or not. 12
B
D
B
14B.45 HKCEEAM2006-17 V

5
C
A ---r�C:::-.�-.'--,_, ,-/C
14B.48 HKCEE AM2009-18
0
�-/ 7 A The figure shows a park AED on a horizontal ground. The park is in the form of a right-angled triangle
surrounded by a walldng path with negligible width. Henry walks along the path at a constant speed. He
starts from point A at 7:00am. He reaches points B, C and D at 7:10am, 7:15 am and 7:30am respectively
and returns to A via point E. The angles of elevation of H, the top of a tower outside the park, from A and D
B B are 45° and 30° respectively. At point B, Henry is closest to the point K which is the projection of H on the
Figure (1) Figure (2) ground. Let HK = h m.
H
(a) ABCis atriangle with AB=6, BC=7 and CA=5. Acircleisinscribedinthetriangle(seeFigure(l)).
Let O be the centre of the circle and r be its radius. ,,':,' ,
,,-'
__

/
'{6.
(i) Find the area of l:::.ABC. I
,__
,' \
2 ,'
(ii) By considering the areas of l:::.AOB, bJ30C and .6.COA, show that r= ,' hm \,
(b) VABC is a tetrahedron with the l:::.ABC described in (a) as the base (see Figure (2)). Furthermore, point _,,,- '-,\
0 is the foot of perpendicular from V to the plane ABC. It is given that the angle between the planes '-,,
VAB and ABC is 60° . ,,,,, ,' K
/\_45�----- _!- ::- •-...
(i) Find the volume of the tetrahedron VABC. A - _ : \
..
(ii) Find the area of .6.VBC. \
(iii) Find the angle between the side AB and the plane VBC, giving your answer correct to the nearest '• , J O °
----
(',
degree. ... '-,
.. :::::::::::::::······::
14B.46 HKCEEAM2008 16 D

The figure shows a triangular pyramid VABC. The base of V ·::.:::::::::::;:::"·

the pyramid is a right-angled triangle with AB= 2cm and
LBAC =90°. .6. VAB and D. VAC are equilateral triangles. E
(a) Explain why the angle between the planes VAB and ABC (a) Express DK in terms of h.
cannot be represented by LVAC. C
(b) Let D and Ebe the mid-points of AB and BC respectively. (b) Show that AB=/[hm.
(i) Show that the angle between the planes VAB and ABC (c) Find the angle of elevation of H from C correct to the nearest degree.
can be represented by LVDE. (d) Henry returns to A at 8:10am. It is known that the area of the park is 9450m2•
(ii) Show that LVED =90° . (i) Find h.
(c) Find the distance between the point C and the plane VAB. (ii) A vertical pole of length 3mis located such that it is equidistant from A, D and E. Fmd the angle
B of elevation of H from the top of the pole correct to the nearest degree.

155 156
 14. APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY

14B.49 HKCEE AM 2010-17 14B.50 HKCEE AM 2011 - 13

D
[Note: In this question, numerical answers may be given correct to 3 significant figures. You may use a ruler
to tear off Figure (5) to help you if you attempt this question.} 3
Three faces of a tetrahedron (see Figure (4)) are formed by fold­ A
ing a triangular piece of paper ABC, where AB= AC= 11 cm, E
LBAC = 120° and AD is an altitude (see Figure (1)), with the
following steps. �C
B 4
D
Figure (1)
B
Figure (1) Figure (2)
Step I: Fold.AB over so that.AB coincides with AD, then crease line AE (see Figure {2)). In Figure (1), ABCD is a quadrilateral with diagonals AC and BD perpendicular to each other and intersecting
atE.lt isgjven thatAD=3, BC=4 and LADE=LBCE=B, where0° <0<90°.
(a) Calculate the length of AE and the area of 6.ABE.
(a) (i) Show that AB=5sin0.
Step 2: Fold AC over so that AC coincides with AE, then crease line AF (see Figure {3)). (ii) Express CD in terms of 0.
(b) The quadrilateral is folded along BD as shown in Figure (2). Let the planes ABD and BCD be II1 and
(b) Calculate the length of AF. II2 respectively. Let LABC = a. It is given that
the angle between the lines AB and BC= the angle between the planes 111 and 112•
Step 3: Unfold the paper. Then fold the paper along AE and AF such that AB coincides with AC . . 4�ne
completely (see Figure (4)). (i) By cons.denng the length of AC. show that cosa � _ •
5 3 cos 0
(ii) Prove that a is acute.
(c) It is known that the volume of the tetrahedron is 22.582 cm3 (correct to 5 significant figures). (iii) Furthermore, it is given that
(i) Find the angle between the line AF and the plane 6.ABE in the tetrahedron. the angle between the line AB and !12 = the angle between the line AD and !12
(ii) Find the angle between the planes 6.ABE and 6.ABF in the tetrahedron. State with reason whether the angle between the line AC and II2 is greater than, less than or equal
to the angle between the line AB and Ih
A A
F
14B.51 HKDSEMASP-1-18 B

E F A
B(C)
C
B B
E
Figure (2) Figure (3) Figure (4)
�
A D B A-"=------.Y
.
,',_,_,_
D
-·---·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·--'.
Figure (1) Figure (2)

In Figure (1), ABC is a triangular paper card. Dis a point lying on AB such that CD is perpendicular to AB.
It is given that AC= 20 cm, LCAD = 45° and LCBD = 30° .
(a) Find, in surd fonn, BC and BD.
(b) The triangular paper card in Figure (1) is folded along CD such that 6.ACD lies on the horizontal plane
B as shown in Figure (2).
(i) If the ilistance between A and Bis 18 cm, find the angle between the plane BCD and the horizontal
Figure (5) plane.
(ii) Describe how the volume of the tetrahedron ABCD varies when LADE increases from 40° to 140°.
Explain your answer.

1S7
 14. APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY

14B.52 HKDSE MA PP-I - I 8 14B.54 HKDSE MA20!3 I 18

M
The figure shows a geometric model ABCD in the form of a B
tetrahedron. It is found that LA.CB = 60° , AC = AD = 20cm,
BC=BD= 12cm and CD= 14cm. C'�-----'i M'-----�A
A
(a) Find the length of AB.
(b) Find the angle between the plane ABC and the plane ABD.
(c) Let P be a movable point on the slant edge AB. Describe
how LCPD varies as P moves from A to B. Explain your C
answer. A
B -·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-

Figure (1) Figure (2)

D
(a) Figure(l)showsa piece oftriangularpaper cardABCwith AB=28cm, BC=2lcm and AC=35cm.
Let M be a point lying on AC such that LBMC = 75 ° . Fmd
(i) LBCM,
(ii) CM.
(b) Peter folds the triangular paper card described in (a) along BM such that ABand BC lie on the horizontal
ground as shown in Figure (2). It is given that LAMC= 107°.
14B.53 HKDSE MA 2012-l- 18 (i) Find the distance between A and Con the horizontal ground.
( ii) Let N be a point lying on BC such that MN is perpendicular to BC. Peter claims that the angle
Figure (1)shows a right pyramid VABCD with a square base, where LVAB = 72° . The length ofa side of between the face BCM and the horizontal ground is LANM. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
the base is 20cm. Let Pand Q be the points lying on VA and VD respectively such that PQ is parallel to BC
and LPBA = 60° . Ageometric model is made by cutting off the pyramid VPBCQ from VABCD as shown
in Figure (2).
V
14B.55 HKDSEMA2014-l-17
' Figure (1) shows a solid pyramid VABCD with a rectangular base, where AB = 18cm, BC= 10cm,
'' VB=VC=30cm and LVAB=LVDC=ll0° .
V V

----------- C
A B A B
Figure (1) Figure (2)
A B A p
(a) Find the length of AP.
Figure (1) Figure (2)
(b) Let a be the angle between the plane PBCQ and the baseABCD.
(i) Find a. (a) Find LVBA.
(ii) Let /3 be the angle between PB and the base ABCD. Which one of a and J3 is greater? Explain (b) P, Q, Mand N are the mid-points of AB, CD, VB and VC respectively. A geometric model is made
your answer. by cutting off PBCQNM from VABCD as shown in Figure (2). A craftsman claims that the area of the
trapezium PQNM is less than 70cm 2 . Do you agree? Explain your answer.

160
 14. APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY

14B56 HKDSEMA 2015-J-19 14B.58 HKDSEMA2017-J-19

In Figure (1), ABCDB' is a pentagonal paper card. It is given that AB= AB' = 40 cm, BC= B'D = 2 4 cm ABC is a thin triangular metal sheet, where BC = 24 cm, LBAC = 30° and LACH = 42° .
and LABC = L AB'D = 80° . (a) Find the length ofAC.
A (b) In the figure, the thin metal sheet ABC is held such that only the vertex B lies on the horizontal ground.
D and E are points lying on the horizontal ground vertically below the vertices A and C respectively.
B
AC produced meets the horizontal ground at the point F. A craftsman finds that AD = 10 cm and
CE=2cm.
(i) Find the distance between C and F.
B B' (ii) Find the area of 6ABF.
(iii) Find the inclination of the thin metal sheet ABC to the horizontal ground.
(iv) The craftsman claims that the area of t::.BDF is greater than 460 cm2 • Do you agree? Explain your
answer.
A
C D C

Figure (2)

(a) Suppose that 105 ° ::;; LBCD::;; 145° .

(i) Find the distance between A and C.
(ii) Find LACS. B
(iii) Describe how the area of the paper card varies when L.BCD increases from 105° to 145 ° . Explain
your answer.
(b) Suppose that LBCD = 132° . The paper card in Figure (1) is folded along AC and AD such that AB and
AB' join together to form a pyramid ABCD as shown in Figure (2). Find the volume of the pyramid
ABCD.

14B59 HKDSEMA2018-I 17
(a) In Figure (1), ABCD is a paper card in the shape of a parallelogram. It is given that AB= 60 cm,
LABD = 20° and LBAD = 120° . Find the length of AD.
14B57 HKDSE MA2016 I 19 (b) The paper card in Figure (1) is folded along BD such that the distance between A and C is 40 cm (see
Figure (2)).
The figure shows a geometric model ABCD in the form of a tetrahedron. It is given that LBAD = 86° , (i) Find LABC.
L.CBD=43 °, AB=lOcm, AC=6cm, BC=8cm and BD=15cm.
A (ii) Find the angle between the plane ABD and the plane BCD.
(a) Find LABD and CD. A
(b) A craftsman claims that the angle between AB and the face BCD
is LABC. Do you agree? Explain your answer.

B
••
D
"S A
Figure (1)
B Figure (2)
B

161 162
14B.60 HKDSEMA2019-l-18
The figure shows a tetrahedron ABCD. Let P be a point lying on AD such that BP is perpendicular to AD. A
craftsman finds that AC= AD= CD= 13 cm, BC= 8 cm, BD = 12 cm and LABD 72° . =
W- D
(i) LEAD,
(ii) CP.
(b) The craftsman claims that LBPC is the angle between
the face ABD and the face ACD. Is the claim correct?
Explain your answer. p

---------- -
A

14B.61 HKDSE MA 2020 - I - 19

PQRS is a quadrilateral paper card, where PQ=60cm , PS=40 cm , LPQR""30° , LPRQ=55°

and LQPS = 120° . The paper card is held with QR lying on the horizontal ground as shown
in Figure 3.
p

s
/
----·- - --- ·------;
i
i I
i Q
i
·'
I

I
i I
i R i
i i
/ __________________________________ . _______ _______________, ,.
Figure 3
(a) Find the length of RS. (3 marks)

{b) Find the area of the paper card (2 marks)

(c) It is given that the angle between the paper card and the horizontal ground is 32" .

(i) Find the shortest distance from P to the horizontal ground.

(ii) A student claims that the angle between RS and the horizontal ground is at most 20" .
Is the claim correct? Explain your answer.
163 (7 marl<s) 1"4
 15. MENSURATION

ISA.4 HKCEEMA 1982(1/2/3)- I 9

(In this question, answers should be given in surd fonn.)
15 Mensuration In Figures (1) and (2), ABCDEF is a regular hexagon with AB= 1.

15A Lengths and areas of plane figures

!SA.1 HKCEE MA 1980(1/1 */3) -1- 10 (To continue as 12A.1.)
B
=
A,B and Care three points on the line OX such that OA 2, OB= 3 and OC=4. With A, B, C as centres
E B E
and OA, OB, OC as radii, three semi-circles are drawn as shown in the figure. A line OY cuts the three
semi-circles at P, Q, R respectively.
(a) If LYOX = 0, express LPAX, LQBX and LRCX in terms of 0.
y D D
(b) Find the following ratios: C C
area of sector OAP: area of sector OBQ: area of sector OCR. Figure (1) Figure (2)

(a) Calculate the area of the hexagon in Figure (1) and the length of its diagonal AC.
(b) In Figure (2), PQRSTU is another regular hexagon formed by the diagonals ofABCDEF.
(i) Calculate the length of PQ.
(ii) Calculate the area of the hexagon PQRSTU.

15AS HKCEE MA 1983(A/B) -1-5 0

15A.2 (HKCEEMAI981(1/2/3)-I-12) In the figu re, 0 is the centre of the sector OAB. OA � 30, CB� 15 and AC J. OB. Find �
(a) L'.AOC. A�C
The figure shows a cylinder 10 metres high and 10 metres in radius used for storing coal-gas. ABand CD are
two vertical lines on the curved surface of the cylinder. The arc AC subtends an angle of 138° at the point 0, (b) the length of the arc AB in terms of n:.
which is the centre of the top of the cylinder.
(a) Inside the cylinder, a straight pipe runs from B to C. B
0
Calculate the length of the pipe BC correct to 3 signifi-
cant figures. 138° ISA.6 HKCEEMA 1988 1 5
(b) Calculate the area of the curved surface ABDC bounded In the figure, ABC is a circle with centre O and radius 10. L'.AOC = 100 ° .
by the minor arcs AC, BD and the lines AB, CD. Calculate, correct to 2 decimal places,
(c) A staircase from B to C is built along the shortest curve curve (a) thearea of sector OABC, 0
on the curved surface ABDC. Find the length of the on surface
curve. for staircas (b) the area of .6.0AC.
(c) thearea ofsegmentABC.
D A C

15A.3 HKCEEMA 1982(1/2/3) - I - 4

In the figure, the circle, centre O and radius 6, touches the straight line BC ISA.7 HKCEE MA 1992-1-7
at C. BC= 2\/'3. OAB is a straight line. Find the area of the shaded sector In the figure, ABCDE is a regular pentagon inscribed in a circle with
in terms of n. centre O and radius 10.
(a) Find L'.AOB and the area of triangle OAB.
(b) Find the area of the shaded part in the figure.
6

B 2,/3 C
C D

166
 15. MENSURATION

15A.8 HKCEEMA 1994-l-2(d) lSA.14 HKCEEMA 2006 -1 4

In the figure, find the area of the sector. In the figure, the radius of the sector DAB is 12 cm. Find the length of AB
in terms of n.
A � B
�

✓
lSA.9 HKCEEMA 1999- I - 9
The figure shows a sector. 15A.15 HKCEEMA 2007 -1 9
(a) Find r. In the figure, the radius of the sector AOB is 40cm. It is given that AB= 16ncm. l61tcm
(b) Find the area of the shaded region. (a) FindLAOB.
A B
(b) Find the area of the sector AOB in terms of n.
,cm
40cm

u
15A.10 HKCEEMA 2000 - I - 3
lSA.16 HKDSEMA2015-1-9
Find the area of the sector in the figure.
The radius and the area of a sector are 12cm and 30n cm2 respectively.
6cm/\
(a) Find the angle of the sector.
(b) Express the perimeter of the sector in terms of n.

lSA.11 HKCEEMA 2001 - I -3

Find the perimeter of the sector in the figure.

3cm

lSA.12 HKCEEMA 2004 I - 9

In the figure, the area of the sector is 162ncm2.
(a) Find the radius of the sector.
(b) Find the perimeter of the sector in terms of n. 80°

lSA.13 HKCEEMA 2005 -I -9 B

In the figure, OABC is a sector with ABC = 10n cm.
(a) Find OA. A ----------------------- C
(b) Find the area of segment ABC.
100°

16, 168
 15. MENSURATION

ISB Volumes and surface areas of solids 15B3 HKCEE MA 1985(AIB)-1-11

lSB.1 HKCEE MA 1983(AIB) - I - 8 Figure (1) shows a solid right circular cone. 0 is the vertex and Pis a point on the circumference of the base.
The area of the curved surface is 135n cm2 and the radius of the base is 9 cm.
The solid in Figure (1) is made up of two parts. The lower part is a right circular cylinder of height hem and
radius rem; the upper part is a hemisphere of the same radius rem. The two parts are of the same volume. (a) (i) Find the length of OP.
(ii) Find the height of the cone.
(a) Find the ratio r: h.
(b) The cone in Figure (1) is cut into two portions by a plane parallel to its base. The upper portion is a
(b) Figure (2) shows a section of the solid through the axis of the cylinder. The perimeter of this section is
cone of base radius 3 cm. The lower portion is a frustum of height xcm.
136cm.
(i) Find the value of x.
(i) Calculate r to 2 significant figures.
(ii) A right cylindrical hole of radius 3 cm is drilled through the frustum (see Figure (2)). Find the
(ii) Calculate the total external surface area (including the base) of the solid in cm2 to 1 significant volume of the solid which remains in the frustum. (Give your answer in terms of 7t'.)
figure.
0

- ------------------
-------
-- - �-cm- --- ___ T ________________
hem i
l
------------------- ____]__ ___
xcm

-; ___ .J.cm -­
Figure (1) Figure {2) i ---�

Figure (1) Figure (2)

15B.4 HKCEEMA 1986(A/B)-I 12

Figure (1) shows a solid consisting of a right circular cone and a hemisphere with a common base which is a
4
lSB.2 HKCEEMA 1984(A/B)-I-12 circle of radius 6. The volume of the cone is equal to of the volume of the hemisphere.
3
In the figure, all vertical cross-sections of the solid that are parallel to APBCQD are identical. ABCD, BRTC (a) (i) Find the height of the cone.
andABRS are squares, each of side 20 cm. Pis the mid-point of AB. CQD is a circular arc with centre P and (ii) Find the volume of the solid. (Leave your answer in terms of rr.)
radius PC. (b) (i) The solid is cut into two parts. The upper part is a right circular cone of height y and base radius x
(In this question, give your answers correct to 1 decimal place.) as shown in Figure (2). Find'.:_
(a) Find LCPD. (ii) If the two parts in (b)(i) are equal in volume, find y. correct to 1 decimal place.
(b) Find, in cm, the length of the arc CQD.
(c) Find, in cm2, the area of the cross-sectionAPBCQD.
(d) Find, in cm2, the total surface area of the solid.

----t--

A p B

Figure (1) Figure (2)

169 170
 15. MENSURATION

15B.5 HKCEEMA1989 - I - 11 15B.8 (HKCEE MA 1993 - I -9)

Figure (1) shows a rectangular swimming pool 50m long and 20m wide. The floor of the pool is an inclined The figure shows a right circular cylinder. 0 is the centre and r is the radius of its top face. A chord AB
plane. The depth of water is 10m at one end and 2 mat the other. divides the area of the top face in the ratio 4 : 1 and subtends an angle a at 0. C is a point on the minor arc
(a) Find the volume of water in the pool in m3 • AB.
(b) Water in the pool is now pumped out through a pipe of internal radius 0.125m. Water flows in the pipe (a) (i) Find the area of the sector OACB in terms of rand a.
at a constant speed of 3mis. (ii) Find the area of the segment ACB in terms of rand a.
(i) Find the volume of water, in m3 , REMAINING in the pool when the depth of water is 8 m at the
deeper end.
(iii) Show that sina=( ;0
1
-�)n. 0
C

(ii) Find the volume of water pumped out in 8 hours, correct to the nearest m3 . (iv) [Outofsyllabus]
(iii) Leth metres be the depth of water at the deeper end after 8 hours (see Figure (2)). Find the value (v) [Out of syllabus: The result a R:' 121 ° is obtained.] B
of h, correct to 1 decimal place . (b) The cylinder is cut along AB into 2 parts by a plane perpen­
dicular to its top face. Find the ratio of the curved surface
50m 50m
areas of the two parts in the form k : 1, where k > 1.
20m 20m
f:.:::. c:-.c::..-::-: 1:-_:::: :
..c:.-::-:
..c:- •.:-:c,=--�---~
- _ c.. :..._ :.. -1 --/· -
: _ 2 ,;, T
!Om
Figure (1)
,,.//; -
hmj ;,'------
, _,:.:,/' Figure (2)

ISR6 HKCEE MA 1990- I- 11 (To continue as 4B.8.)

A solid right circular cylinder has radius rand height h. The volume of the cylinder is V and the total surface
15B.9 HKCEE MA 1994 I - IO
area is S.
(a) (i) Express Sin terms of rand h. Figure (1) shows the longitudinal section of a right cylindrical water tank of base radius 2 m and height 3 m.
2V. The tank is filled with water to a depth of 1.5 m.
(ii) Show that S = 2nr2 +
(a) Express the volume of water in the tank in terms of n.
(b) If a solid sphere of radius 0.6 m is put into the tank and is completely submerged in water, the water

'1
15B.7 HKCEEMA1991-l-11 level rises by h metres. Find h (see Figure (2)).
(c) A solid sphere of radius rm is put into the tank and is just submerged in water (see Figure (3)).

'l
Figure (1) shows a metal bucket. Its slant height AB is 60 cm. The diameter AD of the base is 40 cm and the
diameter BC of the open top is 80 cm. The curved smface of the bucket is formed by the tltin metal sheet (i) Show that 2r3 -12r+9 = 0.
ABB'A1 shown in Figure (2), where .ADA: and Jicii' are arcs of concentric circles with centre O. (ii) [Out of sylla.bus]
(a) Find OA and LAOA'.
(b) Find the area of the metal sheetABB'A', leaving your answer in terms of n.
hmT
(c) There is an ant at the point A on the outer curved surface of the bucket. Find the shortest distance for it
to crawl along the outer curved surface of the bucket to reach the point C.
3m
T
1.5m I.Sm 0. _n{:
,,, 2rm'

C l l
80cm f>--2m-->t ft--2 m-->t f>--2 m-->t
C .... ............. B
Figure (1) Figure (2) Figure (3)

60cm B' B

D A
0
Figure (1) Figure (2)

m m
 15. MENSURATION

lSB.10 HKCEE MA 1995 1 13 15B.12 HKCEEMA1997-1-12

A right cylindrical vessel of base radius 4 cm and height 11 cm is placed on a horizontal table. A right conical Figure (1) shows a greenhouse VABCD in the shape of a right pyramid with a square base of side 6 m. Mis
vessel of base radius 6cm and height 12 cm is placed, with its axis vertical, in the cylindrical vessel. The the mid-point of BC and VN is the height of the pyramid. Each of the triangular faces makes an angle 0 with
conical vessel is full of water and the cylindrical vessel is empty. Figure (1) shows the longitudinal sections the square base.
of the two vessels where A is the vertex of the conical vessel. (a) (i) Express VN and VMin terms of 0.
(a) Find, in terms of n, the volume of water in the conical vessel. (ii) Find the capacity and total surface area of the greenhouse (excluding the base) in terms of 0.
(b) The vertex A is d cm from the base of the cylindrical vessel. Use similar triangles to find d. (b) Figure (2) shows another greenhouse in the shape of a right cylinder with base radius rm and height
(c) Supposer water leaks out from the conical vessel through a small hole at the vertex A into the cylindrical h m. It is known that both the base areas and the capacities of the two greenhouses are equal.
vessel. {i) Express r in terms of :n:.
(ii) Express h in terms of 0.

1-- - - - - - - - - - -
(i) Find, in terms of :n:, the volume of water that has leaked out when the water level in the cylindrical
vessel reaches the vertex A. (iii) If the total surface areas of the two greenhouses (excluding the bases) are equal, show that
(ii) If 104ncm3 of water has leaked out and the water level in the cylindrical vessel is hem above the 3 + ./itan 0 = �e.
vertex A (see Figure (2)), show that h 3 -192h+672 = 0. cos
(iv) [Outofsyllabus]
(iii) [Outofsyllahus]

1
1<---6cm-----<l 1'--6Cffi-----<l V

12 cm

i 12cm

tim
i hm

l
11cm 11 cm

A A 6m B
dcm
Figure (1) Figure (2)
1<--4cm---t1 1<--4cm---t1
Figure (1) Figure (2)

15B.11 HKCEE MA 1996- I - 8

Figure (1) shows a paper cup in the form of a right circular cone of base radius 5 cm and height 12 cm.
(a) Find the capacity of the paper cup. lSB.13 HKCEE MA 1998 I
(b) If the paper cup is cut along the slant side AB and unfolded to become a sector as shown in Figure (2),
The figure shows a right prism , the cross-section of which is a trapezium. Fmd the volume of the prism.
find
(i) the area of the sector,
(ii) the angle of the sector.
1<-Scm--11
, �B 2cm

+
3cm 8cm
12cm B
6cm

A A
Figure (1) Figure (2)

174
 15. MENSURATION

15B.14 HKCEE MA 1999 I 13 lSB.16 HKCEE MA 2004 I 14

In Figure (1), a piece of wood in the form of an inverted right circular cone is cut into two portions by a plane In the figure, a solid right circular cylinder of height h cm and volume V cm3
parallel to its base. The upper portion is a frustum with height IO cm, and the radii of the two parallel faces is inscribed in a thin hollow sphere of radius 12 cm.
are 9 cm and 4cm respectively. The pen-stand shown in Figure (2) is made from the frustum by drilling a n .
(a) Prove that V = 144nh- h'.
hole in the middle. The hole consists of a cylindrical upper part of radius 5 cm and a hemispherical lower 4
(b) [Outofsyllobus] i hem
part of the same radius. The depth of the hole is 9 cm.
(a) Find, in terms of n, the capacity of the hole. (c) If the volume of the cylinder is 286n cm3 , find the exact height(s) of
the cylinder.
-�--c�-==--
(b) Find, in terms of n, the volume of wood in the pen-stand.

-- 9cm__--
1
� lSB.17 HKCEE MA 2005 I 12
The figure shows a solid consisting of a right circular cone and a hemi­
10cm �- _ 9cmi _______ :; sphere with a common base. The height and the base radius of the cone
are h cm and (h-4) cm respectively. It is known that the volume of the
cone is equal to the volume of the hemisphere.
----------..-.:-::�_ (a) Find h. rS
(b) Find the total surface area of the solid correct to the nearest cm2• I

(c) If the solid is cut into two identical parts, find the increase in the
total surface area correct to the nearest cm2•
---- --------Ln... (h - 4) cm-
Figure (1) Figure (2)

lSB.15 HKCEE MA 2002 I 15

(a) Figure (1) shows two vessels of the same height 24 cm, one in the form of a right circular cylinder of 15B.18 HKCEE MA 2009 I - 13
radius 6 cm and the other a right circular cone of radius 9 cm. The vessels are held vertically on two (a) The height and the base radius of an inverted right circular conical container are 1 8cm and 12cm
horizontal platforms, one of which is 5 cm higher than the other. To begin with, the cylinder is empty respectively.
and the cone is full of water. Water is then transferred into the cylinder from the cone until the water in (i) Find the capacity of the circular conical container in terms of n.
both vessels reaches the same horizontal level. Leth cm be the depth of water in the cylinder.
(ii) Figure (1) shows a frustum which is made by cutting off the lower part of the container. The height
(i) Show that h3 + 15h2 + 843h-13699 = 0.
of the frustum is 6 cm. Find the volume of the frustum in terms of n.
(ii) [Out of syllabus; the result h = 11.8 (co1: to 1 d.p.) is obtained.]
(b) Figure (2) shows a vessel which is held vertically. The vessel consists of two parts with a common base:
(b) Figure (2) shows a set up which is modified from the one in Figure ( 1). The lower part of the cone is cut the upper part is the frustum shown in Figure (1) and the lower part is a right circular cylinder of height
off and sealed to form a frustum of height 19 cm. The two vessels are then held vertically on the same 10cm. Some water is poured into the vessel. The vessel now contains 884ncm3 of water.
horizontal platform. To begin with, the cylinder is empty and the frustum is full of water. Water is then
(i) Find the depth of water in the vessel.
transferred into the cylinder from the frustwn until the water in both vessels reaches the same horizontal
level. Find the depth of water in the cylinder. (ii) If a piece of metal of volume I 00 0 cm3 is then put into the vessel and the metal is totally immersed
in the water, will the water overflow? Explain your answer.

;::J

§
s

Figure (1) Figure (2)

Figure (1) Figure (2)

m "'
 15. MENSURATION

15B.19 HKCEE MA 2011 13 lSB.22 HKDSEMA2012-I 12

Figure (1) shows the thin paper sector OXYZ of area 2880nmm . By joining OX and OZ together, OXYZ is
2
Figure (1) shows a solid metal right circular cone of base radius 48 cm and height 96 cm.
folded to form an inverted right circular conical container as shown in Figure (2). (a) Find the volume of the circular cone in terms of n.
(a) Find the length of OX. (b) A hemispherical vessel of radius 60 cm is held vertically on a horizontal surface. The vessel is fully
(b) Find the height of the container. filled with milk.
(c) Suppose that the container is held vertically. If water of volume 150 cm 3 is poured into the container, (i) Find the volume of the milk in the vessel in terms of n.
will the water overflow? Explain your answer. (ii) The circular cone is now held vertically in the vessel as shown in Figure (2). A craftsman claims
y that the volume of the milk remaining in the vessel is greater than 0.3 m3 . Do you agree? Explain
your answer.

288°

�-------------­
------------
X z
Figure (1) Figure (2)

15B.20 HKDSEMASP-I-6
The figure shows a solid consisting of a hemisphere of radius r cm joined to the Figure (1) Figure (2)
bottom of a right circular cone of height 12 cm and base radius r cm. It is given
that the volume of the circular cone is twice the volume of the hemisphere. 15B.23 HKDSE MA 2020 - I - 12
(a) Findr.
(b) Express the volume of the solid in terms of n. The height and the base radius of a solid right circular cone are 36 cm and 15 cm respectively. The
circular cone is divided into three parts by two planes which are parallel to its base. The heights of the
three parts are equal Express, in terms of ;r ,

(a) the volume ofthe middle part of the circular cone; (3 marks)

(b) the curved surface area of the middle part of the circular cone. (3 marks)

lSB.21 HKDSE MA 2012- I -9

In the figure, the volume of the solid right prism
ABCDEFGH is I020cro3 . The base ABCD of the prism
is a trapezium, where AD is parallel to BC. It is
given that LEAD= 90° , AB= 12cm, BC= 6cm and GI'-----'?"
DE= 10 cm. Find
(a) the length ofAD,
(b) the total surface area of the prismABCDEFGH.
D

B C

m
 15. MENSURATION

!SC Similar plane figures and solids 15C.4 HKCEEMA 1994-l-2(e)

15C.1 HKCEEMA 1981(1/2/3)-l-1 The ratio of the radii of two spheres is 2 : 3. Find the ratio of their volumes.
The capacities of two spherical tanks are in the ratio 27: 64. If 72 kg of paint is required to paint the outer
surface of the smaller tank, then how many kilograms of paint would be required to paint the outer surface
15C.5 HKCEE MA 1997 - I - 7 (To continue as 8C.8.)
of the bigger tank?
The ratio of the volumes of two similar solid circular cones is 8 : 27.
15C.2 HKCEE MA 1987(A/B) -I - 9
(a) Find the ratio of the height of the smaller cone to the height of the larger cone.
Figure (1) shows a test-tube consisting of a hollow cylindrical tube joined to a hemisphere bowl of the same
radius. The height of the cylindrical tube is h cm and its radius is rem. The capacity of the tesHube is
108ncm3 • The capacity of the hemispherical part is � of the whole test-tube.
15C.6 HKCEE MA 2000 - I - 8
On a map of scale 1 : 5000, the area of the passenger terminal of the Hong Kong International Airport is
(a) (i) Find rand h.
220 cm2. What is the actual area, in m2, occupied by the terminal on the ground?
(ii) The test-tube is placed upright and water is poured into it until the water level is 4 cm beneath the
rim as shown in Figure {2). Find the volume of the water. (Leave your answer in tenns of n.)
(b) The water in the test-tube is poured into a right circular conical vessel placed upright as shown in Figure 15C.7 HKCEE MA 2002 - I - 6
(3). If the depth of water is half the height of the vessel, find the capacity of the vessel. (Leave your
answerin terms of n.) The radius of a circle is 8 cm. A new circle is fanned by increasing the radius by 10%.
(a) Find the area of the new circle in terms of n.
(b) Find the percentage increase in the area of the circle.

hem
15C.8 HKCEE MA 2002 - I - 1 I (Continued from 8C.13.)
The area ofa paper bookmark is A cm and its perimeter is Pcm. A is a function of P. It is known that A is the
2

rem sum of two parts, one part varies as P and the other part varies as the square of P. When P = 24, A= 36 and
when P= 18, A=9.
(a) Express A in tenns of P.
Figure (1) Figure (2) Figure (3) (b) (i) The best�selling paper bookmark has an area of 54cm2 • Find the perimeter of this bookmark.
(ii) The manufacturer of the bookmarks wants to produce a gold miniature similar in shape to the
15C.3 HKCEE MA !992- I- 12 best-selling paper bookmru:k. If the gold miniature has an area of 8 cm2, find its perimeter.

Figure (1) shows a vertical cross-section of a separating funnel with a small tap at its vertex. The funnel is
in the fonn of a right circular cone of base radius 9 cm and height 20 cm. It contains oil and water (which do 15C.9 HKCEE MA 2003 - I - I3 0
not mix) of depths 5 cm and 10 cm respectively, with the water at the bottom. Sector OCD is a thin metal sheet. The sheet ABCD is formed by cutting
(a) (i) Find the capacity of the separating funnel in terms of n. away sector OBA from sector OCD as shown in Figure (1). 56 cm r '<;..,/'\
(ii) Find the ratios volume of water: total volume of oil and water: capacity of the funnel. It is known that LCOD =X0 , AD =BC= 24cm, OA = OB =56cm /
Hence, or otherwise, find the ratios volume of water: volume of oil: capacity of the funnel. and ci5=30ncm.
B ,/ .A
(b) All the water in the funnel is drained through the tap into a glass tube of height 15 cm. The glass tube (a) (i) Findx. Z4cm
consists of a hollow cylindrical upper part of radius 3cm and a hollow hemispherical lower part of the (ii) Find, in teims of n, the area ofABCD.
same radius, as shown in Figure (2). Find the depth of the water in the glass tube. (b) Figure (2) shows another thin metal sheet EFGH whlch is similar C D
� 30n cm
(c) After all the water has been drained into the glass tube, find the depth of the oil remaining in the funnel. to ABCD. It is known that FG = 18 cm.
(i) Find, in terms of n, the area of EFGH. Figure (1)
9em
1----------
T (ii) By joining EH and FG together, EFGH is then folded to form a hollow frustum of base radius

+
Sem rem as shown in Figure (3). Find r.

t
Sem F E
15 cm !8em�
3e G�H
1--- -
10cm

l Figure (2)
Figure (2) Figure (3)

'"
 15. MENSURATION

lSC.10 HKCEE MA 2006 - I - 13 lSC.11 HKCEE MA 2007 - I - 11

In Figure (1), the frustum of height 8 cm is made by cutting off a right circular cone of base radius 3 cm from The figure shows an inverted right circular conical vessel which is held vertically. The height and the base
a solid right circular cone of base radius 6 cm. Figure (2) shows the solid X formed by fixing the frustum radius of the vessel are 24 cm and 18 cm respectively. The vessel contains some water and the depth of the
onto a solid hemisphere of radius 6 cm. The solid Y in Figure (3) is similar to X. The ratio of the surface water is 8 cm.
area of X to the surface area of Y is 4: 9. (a) Find the volume of water contained in the vessel in terms of n. 18cm
" ,,
, ,
(b) (i) Find the area of the wet curved surface of the vessel in ...T-
, , terms ofn.
(ii) Another inverted right circular conical vessel with height
36 cm and base radius 27 cm is held vertically. This bigger
vessel and the vessel shown in the figure contain the same
volume of water. Find the area of the wet curved surface
of the bigger vessel in terms of n.
8cm;

SolidX Solid Y
lSC.ll HKCEE MA 2008 - I - 13
Figure (I) Figure (2) Figure (3)
In Figure (1), sector OABC is a thin metal sheet. By joining OA and OC together, OABC is folded to form a
(a) Find the volume of X and the volume of Y. Give your answers in terms of n. right ciruclar cone X as shown in Figure (2). It is given that OA = 20cm.
(b) In Figure (4), the solid X' is formed by fixing a solid sphere of radius 1 cm onto the centre of the top
A C
circular surface of X while another solid Y' is formed by fixing a solid sphere of radius 2cm onto the
20cm
centre of the top circular surface of Y. Are X' and Y' similar? Explain your answer.

216°

X
B
Figure (1) Figure (2)

(a) Find the base radius and the height of X.

(b) Find the volume of X in terms of n.
(c) In Figure (3), sector PDEF is another thin metal sheet. By joining PD and PF together, PDEF is folded
to form another right circular cone Y as shown in Figure (4). It is given that PD= 10cm. Are X and Y
SolidX' Solid Y' similar? Explain your answer.
Figure (4) p

10cm 108°

D F

y
E
Figure (3) Figure (4)

182
 15. MENSURATION

lSC.13 IIKCEE MA 2010- I - 13 lSC.16 HKDSE MA 2014 I 14

In Figure ( 1), ABCDEF is a wooden block in the form of a right prism. It is given that AB = AC = 17 cm, The figure shows a vessel in the form of a frustum which is made by cutting off the lower part of an inverted
BC= 16cm and CD=20cm. right circular cone of base radius 72 cm and height 96cm. The height of the vessel is 60 cm. The vessel is
(a) Find the area of MBC. placed on a horizontal table. Some water is now poured into the vessel. John finds that the depth of water in
the vessel is 28 cm.
(b) Find the volume of the wooden blockABCDEF.
(c) The plane PQRS which is parallel to the face BCDF cuts the wooden block ABCDEF into two blocks (a) Find the area of the wet curved surface of
APQRES andBCQPSFDR as shown in Figure (2). It is given that PQ =4 cm. the vessel in tenns of n.
(i} Find the volume of the wooden blockAPQRES. (b) John claims that the volume of water in the
(ii) Are the wooden blocks APQRES and ABCDEF similar? Explain your answer. vessel is greater than O.l m3. Do you agree?
Explain your answer.
E E

D
lSC.17 HKDSE MA 2016 I 11
An inverted right circular conical vessel contains some milk. The vessel is held vertically. The depth of milk
Figure (1) Figure (2) in the vessel is 12cm. Peter then pours 444n cm3 of milk into the vessel without over.flowing. He now finds
B C B C that the depth of milk in the vessel is 16 cm.
(a) Express the final volume of milk in the vessel in terms of n.
(b) Peter claims that the final area of the wet curved surface of the vessel is at least 800 cm2 . Do you agree?
Explain your answer.

!SC.14 HKDSE MA 2012- I- 11 (Continued from SC.23.) ISC.18 HKDSE MA 2017 I 12

2
Let $C be the cost of painting a can of surface area A m . It is given that C is the sum of two parts, one part A solid metal right prism of base area 84 cm2 and height 20 cm is melted and recast into two similar solid
is a constant and the other part varies as A. When A= 2, C = 62; when A= 6, C = 74. right pyramids. The bases of the two pyramids are squares. The ratio of the base area of the smaller pyramid
to the base area of the larger pyramid is 4: 9.
(a) Find the cost of painting a can of surface area 13 m2•
(a) Find the volume of the larger pyramid.
(b) There is a larger can which is similar to the can described in (a). If the volume of the larger can is 8
times that of the can described in (a), find the cost of painting the larger can. (b) If the height of the larger pyramid is 12 cm, find the total swface area of the smaller pyramid.

lSC.19 HKDSEMA 2018 I 14

A right circular cylindrical container of base radius 8 cm and height 64cm and an inverted right circular
conical vessel of base radius 20cm and height 60 cm are held vertically. The container is fully filled with
ISC.15 HKDSE MA 2013 - I- 13 water. The water in the container is now poured into the vessel.
In a workshop, 2 identical solid metal right circular cylinders of base radius R cm are melted and recast into (a) Find the volume of water in the vessel in terms of n.
27 smaller identical solid right circular cylinders of base radius rem and height 10cm. It is given that the (b) Find the depth of water in the vessel.
base area of a larger circular cylinder is 9 times that of a smaller one. (c) If a solid metal sphere of radius 14cm is then put into the vessel and the sphere is totally immersed in
(a) Find the water, will the water overflow? Explain your ans wer.
(i) rcR,
(ii) the height of a larger circular cylinder. lSC.20 HKDSEMA 2019 I 9
(b) A craftsman claims that a smaller circular cylinder and a larger circular cylinder are similar. Do you
agree? Explain your answer. The sum of the volumes of two spheres is 324n cm3 . The radius of the larger sphere is equal to the diameter
of the smaller sphere. Express, in terms of n,
(a) the volume of the larger sphere;
(b) the sum of the surface areas of the two spheres.

183 184
 16. COORDINATE GEOMETRY

16A.6 HKDSE MA 2017 I 6

The coordinates of the points Aand Bare (-3,4) and (9, -9) respectively. A is rotated anticlockwise about
16 Coordinate Geometry the origin through 90° to A'. B' is the reflection image of B with respect to the x-axis.
(a) Write down the coordinates of A' and B'.
(b) Prove that AB is perpendicular to A'B'.

16A Transformation in the rectangular coordinate plane

16A.1 HKCEE MA 2006 I 7 y
A(-2,7),
In the figure, the coordinates of the points A and B are (-2, 7)
and (-5,5) respectively. A is rotated clockwise about the origin
B(-5,5)
0 through 90° to A'. B' is the reflection image of B with respect
to the y-axis.
(a) Write down the coordinates of A' and B'.
-----+.----- X
(b) Are the lengths of AB and A'B' equal? Explain your answer. Q

16A.2 HKCEE MA 2009 I 9

y
In the figure, the coordinates of the points A and B are
(-1,-2) and (5,2) respectively. A is translated vertically
upward by 6 units to A'. B' is the reflection image of B with
respect to the y-axis. -------0+------� X
(a) Write down the coordinates ofA' and B'.
(b) Is AB parallel toA1B'? Explain your answer.

16A.3 HKCEE MA 2011- I- 8

The coordinates of the point A are (-4,6). A is rotated anticlockwise about the origin O through 90° to B.
Mis the mid-point of AB.
(a) Find the coordinates of M.
(b) Is OM perpendicular to AB? Explain your answer.
16A.4 HKDSE MA SP I 8 y
In the figure, the coordinates of the point A are (-2,5). A is rotated A(-2,5),
clockwise about the origin O through 90° to A'. A11 is the reflection image
of A with respect to the y-axis.
(a) Write down the coordinates of A' and A11• ----+----x
(b) Is OA11 perpendicular to AA'? Explain your answer. 0

16A.S HKDSE MA 2014- I- 8

The coordinates of the points P and Qare (-3,5) and (2, -7) respectively. Pis rotated anticlockwise about
the origin O through 270° to P'. Q is translated leftwards by 21 units to Q'.
(a) Write down the coordinates of P' and Q1•
(b) Prove that PQ is perpendicular to P Q'.
185 186
 16. COORDINATE GEOMETRY

16B Straight lines in the rectangular coordinate plane 16B.7 HKCEEMA2003-I-12

y
16B.l HKCEEMA 1992-1-5 In the figure, AP is an altitude of the triangle ABC. It cuts the y-axis at H.
(a) Find the slope of BC. C(0,3)
Li is the line passing through the pointA(l0,5) and perpendicular to the line Lz : x-2y+5 = 0.
(b) Find the equation of AP.
(a) Find the equation ofLi .
(c) (i) Find the coordinates of H.
(b) Find the intersection point ofL1 andLi,.
(ii) Prove that the three altitudes of the triangle ABC pass through
16B.2 HKCEEMA 1998 - I - 8 the same point. p

A(0,4) and B(-2, 1) are two points.

(a) Find the slope of AB.
(b) Find the equation of the line passing through (1,3) and perpenilicular to AB. ��,--=-f-----�-. X
A(-1,0) 0 8(2,0)
16B.3 HKCEEMA 1999 - I - 10
In the figure, A(-8, 8) and B(16, -4) are two points. The
y
e
perpendicular bisector f of the line segment AB cuts AB at A
Mand the x-axis at P. 16B.8 HKCEEMA2004- I - 13
(a) Find the equation off. y
In the figure, ABCD is a rhombus. The diagonals AC and
(b) Find the length of BP.
BD cut at£. A(2,9)
(c) If N is the mid-point of AP, find the length of MN. (a) Find
B (i) the coordinates of E, 1-------D
(ii) the equation of BD.
(b) It is given that the equation of AD is x+ ?y- 65 = 0.
16B.4 HKCEEMA 2000 -1- 9 Find
Let L be the straight line passing through (-4,4) and (6, 0). (i) the equation of BC,
(a) Find the slope of L. (ii) the length of AB.
(b) Find the equation of L. B ---
-�\
(c) If L intersects the y-axis at C, find the coordinates of C. C(S, 1)
16B.5 HKCEEMA 2001 - I - 7 y --;co;t--------��--x
Two points A and B are marked in the figure.
(a) Write down the coordinates ofA and B. A
(b) Find the equation of the straight line joining A and B. 16B.9 HKCEEMA2005 - I - 13
4t---t----t----
In the figure, the straight line L1 : 2x-y + 4 = 0 cuts the x-axis and the y-axis at A and B respectively. The
straight line L2, passing through B and perpendicular to Lr, cuts the x-axis at C. From the origin 0, a straight
line perpendicular toL2 is drawn to meetL2 atD. y
(a) Write down the coordinates of A and B.
(b) Find the equation of £2.
(c) Find the ratio of the area of 6.0DC to the
area of quadrilateral OABD.
16B.6 HKCEEMA2002 - I - 8 y
In the figure, the straight line L: x- 2y+ 8 = 0 cuts the coordinate
axes at A andB.
B
(a) Find the coordinates of A and B.
L "A'f----;;-1'--------------"'..:C _ X
(b) Find the coordinates of the mid-point ofAB. cc-
0
"'--
-=A -----ooc+- x
188
 16. COORDINATE GEOMETRY

16B.10 HKCEE MA 2006-I - 12 16B.14 HKCEEAM 1982-II-2

In the figure, CM is the perpendicular bisector of AB, where C and M are points lying on the x-axis and AB Find the ratio in which the line segment joining A(3, -1) and B(-1, 1) is divided by the straight line
respectively. BD and CM intersect atK. x-y-1=0.
(a) Write down the coordinates of M. Y B(l2, 8)
(b) Find the equation of CM. Hence, or otherwise, find 16B.15 HKCEEAM 1982 II 10
the coordinates of C. (a) The lines 3x-2y- 8 =0 and x-y-2 =0 meet at a point P. L1 and Li are lines passing through P
(c) (i) Find the equation of BD. and having slopes � and 2 respectively. Find their equations.
(ii) Using the result of (c)(i), find the coordinates
of K. Hence find the ratio of the area of (b) [Outofsyllabus]
MMC to the area of MKC.
16B.16 (HKCEE AM 1985 - II - 10)
A(0,2), B(-3,0) and C( l,O) are the vertices of a triangle . PQR.S is a variable rectangle inscribed in the
16B.11 HKCEE MA 2007 - I 13 y triangle with PQ on the x-axis, R on AC and Son AB, as shown in the figure. Let the length of PS be h.
A(4,h)
In the figure, the perpendicular from B to AC meets AC at D. (a) Find the coordinates of Sand R in terms of h.
A(0,2)
It is given that AB = AC and the slope of AB is � . (b) Let A I be the area of PQRS when it is a square, A2 be
4
D
the maximum possible area of rectangle PQRS, and
(a) Find the equation of AB.
(b) Find the value of h.
A3 be the area of 6ABC. Find the ratios A 1 : A2 : A3. s
(c) The centre of PQRS is the pointM(x,y).
(c) (i) Write down the value of k. Express x and y in tenns of h. h
(ii) Find the area of MBC. Hence, or otherwise, find Hence show that M lies on the line x - y + 1 = 0. --�--'---+-'---'---x
the length of BD. C(k,3) B(l0,3) B(-3,0) P O Q C(l,0)
----f---------- X

16B.17 (HKCEEAM 1984-Il-4)

16B.12 HKCEE MA 2008 - I 12
In the figure, the coordinates of the point A are (4,3). A is rotated y The area of the triangle bounded by the two lines L1 : x + y = 4 and L2 : x -y = 2p and the y-axis is 9.
anticlockwise about the origin O through 90 ° to B. C is the reflection (a) Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of L1 and L2 in terms of p.
image of A with respect to the x-axis. ,A(4,3) (b) Hence, find the possible value(s) of p.
(a) Write down the coordinates of Band C.
(b) Are 0, Band C collinear? Explain your answer. -----+-----x 16B.18 HKCEE AM 1988 - II- 2
0
(c) A is translated horizontally to D such that LBCD = 90 °. Find the
A and B are the points ( 1, 2) and (7,4) respectively. P is a point on the line segment AB such that �� = k.
equation of the straight line passing through C and D. Hence, or
otherwise, find the coordinates of D. (a) Write down the coordinates of Pin tenns of k.
(b) Hence find the ratio in which the line 7x- 3y-28 = 0 divides the line segment AB.
16B.13 HKCEE MA 2010 -I- 12 16B.19 HKCEE AM 1990- II - 7
y
In the figure, the straight line passing through A and Bis perpendicular to the straight line passing through A In the figure,A(3,0), B(0,5) and C(O, 1) are three points and
and C, where C is a point lying on the x-axis. y 0 is the origin. D is a point on AB such that the area of
(a) Find the equation of the straight line passing MCD equals half of the area of 6.0AB. Find the equation
tbroughAand B. /\.(6, 24) of the line CD.
(b) Find the coordinates of C. B
B(-2, 18)
(c) Find the area of MBC.
(d) A straight line passing through A cuts the line
segment BC at D such that the area of MED is
90 square units. Let BD : DC = r : 1. Find the D
value of r.
C

189 190
 16. COORDINATE GEOMETRY

16B.20 (HKCEE AM 1996 - II - 8) 16C Circles in the rectangular coordinate plane

Given two straight lines L1 : 2x- y - 4 = 0 and L2 : x- 2y + 4 = 0. Find the equation of the straight line 16C.1 HKCEE MA 1980(1/31)- B - 15
passing through the origin and the point of intersection of L1 and L2. y
The circle i2+/-10x+8y+16=0 cuts thex-axis atAandB
and touches the y-axis at T as shown in the figure.
16B.21 (HKCEE AM 1998 -II - 5) (a) Find the coordinates of A,Band T.
Two lines L1: 2x+y-3 = 0 and L2: x-3y+ 1 =O intersect at apointP. (b) C is a point on the circle such that AC//TB.
(a) Find the coordinates of P. (i) Find the equation ofAC.
(b) Lis a linepassing through P and the origin. Find the equation of L. (ii) Find the coordinates of C by solving simultaneously T
the equation of AC and the equation of the given circle.
16B.22 HKCEE AM 2005 - 6 y

The figure shows the line L1 : 2x+y-6 = O intersecting the x-axis at point P.
(a) Let 8 be the acute angle between L1 and the x-axis. Find t.an 8.
(b) Li is a line with positive slope passing through the origin 0. If L1 intersects
L2 at a point Q such that OP= OQ, find the equation of Li-
Ztan� Q
(Candidates can use the forrnula tan28= .)
l-tan-8

16C.2 HKCEE MA 1981(1/3)-1-13

0 Figure (1) shows a circle of radius 15 with centre at the origin 0. The line TP, of slope
the circle at T and cuts the x-axis atP.
i (= tan0), touches

(a) Find the equation of the circle.

16B.23 (HKCEE AM 2009 - 3) (b) Calculate the length of OP.
Given two straight lines L1: x-3y+ 7 = 0 and Li: 3x-y-11 = 0. Find the equation of the straight line (c) Find the equation of the line TP.
passing through the point (2, 1) and the point of intersection of L1 and £2. Another circle, with centre C and radius 15, is drawn to touch TP at P (see Figure (2)).
(d) Find the equation of the line OC.
16B.24 HKCEEAM2010-6 (e) Find the equation of the circle with centre C.
Two straight lines L1 : x - 2y + 3 = 0 and L2 : 1x - y - 1 = 0 intersect at a point P. If L is a straight line y y
passing through P and with equal positive intercepts, find the equation of L.

Figure (1) Figure (2)

191 192
 16. COORDINATE GEOMETRY

16C3 HKCEE MA 1982(1)-I-13 16C.7 HKCEEMA 1986(A/B)-l-8

In the figure, Cis the circle i1-+y2-14y+40 = 0 and Lis the line 4x-3y-4 = 0. The line y - x-6 = 0 cuts the circle i1-+:l - 6x - Sy = 0 at the points B and C as shown in the figure .
(a) Find the radius and the coordinates of the centre of the Y The circle cuts the x-axis at the origin O and the point A; it also cuts the y-axis at D.
circle C. (a) Find the coordinates ofBand C. Y
Lr B
(b) The line L' passes through the centre of the circle Cand L (b) Find the coordinates of A and D.
D
is perpendicular to the given line L. Find the equation (c) Find LADO, LABO and LACO, correct to the nearest degree .
of the line L'. (d) Find the area ofMCO.
(c) Fmd the coordinates of the point of intersection of the C
line Land the line L'.
(d) Hence, or otherwise, find the shortest distance between
the circle C and the line L. ---- c-t-,'------�'-s,---"X
Q 7"----0;:;'f:::::::=7':;A'---- x

16C.4 HKCEE MA 1983(A/B) - I- 9

y
In the figure, 0 is the origin and A is the point (8,2). 16C.8 HKCEE MA 1987(A/B)-I-8
(a) Bis a point on the x-axis such that the slope of AB is 1. In the figure, 0 is the origin. A and Bare the points (-2, 0) and (4,0) respectively. £ is a straight line through
Find the coordinates of B. D A with slope 1. C is a point on£such that CO= CB. y
(b) Cis another point on the x-axis such that AB =AC. Find (a) Find the equation of£. e
the coordinates ofC. (b) Find the coordinates of C. C
(c) Fmd the equation of the straight line AC. If the line AC (c) Find the equation of the circle passing through 0, Band C.
cuts the y-axis at D, find the coordinates of D.
(d) If the circle OBC cuts£ again at D, find the coordinates of D.
(d) Find the equation of the circle passing through thepoints A(8,2)
0, Band D. Show that this circlepasses through A.
A(-2,0)
-o+------cB�--c'sc--- x X
0 B(4,0)

16C.5 HKCEE MA 1984(A/B) - I - 9

Let L be the line y = k- x (k being a constant) and C be the circle i1-+T = 4.
(a) If L meets Cat exactly one point. find the two values of k.
(b) IfLintersectsCat thepointsA(2,0) andB,
(i) find the value of k and the coordinates of B; 16C.9 HKCEE MA 1988 I 7
y
(ii) find the equation of the circle withAB as diameter. In the figure, the circle C has equation x?- + :l - 4x + 1 Oy + k = 0, where k is -+------x
a constant.
16C.6 HKCEE MA 1985(A/B)-I-9 (a) Find the coordinates of the centre ofC.
In the figure, A(2,0) and B(7,5) are the end-points of a diameter of the (b) IfC touches the y-axis, find the radius ofCand the value of k.
. . . AP 1 B
circle. p 1s a pomt on AB such that C
PB = 4·
(a) Find the equation of the circle.
(b) Find the coordinates of P. H
(c) The chord HPK is perpendicular to AB.
(i) Find the equation of HPK.
(ii) Find the coordinates of Hand K. p
A
K

193 "'
 16. COORDINATE GEOMETRY

16C.10 HKCEEMA I 989 I 8 16C.13 HKCEE MA 1992 - I - I3

y £:y=mx
LetEbe the centreofthe circle '"6"1 :x2+y2-2x-4y-20=0. The line f:x+7y-40=0 cuts '"6"1 at the Io the figure, the line e : y = mx passes
points P and Q as shown in the figure. through the origin and intersects the circle
(a) Find the coordinates of E.
y
x 2+y2-18x-14y+105=0 at two dis­
tinct points A(x1 ,Yl) and B(x2,Y2). B(x2,Y2)
(b) Find the coordinates of P and Q. p
(c) Find the equation of the circle 9?2 with PQ as diameter. Q
(d) Show that 9?2 passes through E. Hence, or otherwise,
findLEPQ.

---1--occ+----+---x

-,r-----------------x
0
(a) Find the coordinates of the centre C and the radius ofthe circle.
(b) By substituting y=mx into x.2+y2-18.x-14y+105=0, show that x1x2=�­
l+m"'
(c) Express the length of OA in terms of m andx1 and the length of OB in terms of m and x2.
16C.11 HKCEEMA 1990-l-8
Hencefind the value of the product of OA and OB.
Let (C1) be the circle .x2 +y2-2x+ 6y+ 1 = 0 and A be the point (5,0). (d) If the perpendicular distance between the line£ and the centre C is 3, find the lengths ofAB and OA.
(a) Find the coordinates of the centre and the radius of (C1 ).
(b) Find the distance between the centre of (C1 ) and A.
Hence detennine whether A lies inside, outside or on (C1 ).
(c) Lets be the shortest distance from A to (C1 ).
(i) Finds. 16C.14 HKCEE MA 1993 -I- 8
(ii) Another circle (C2) has centre A and radius s. Find its equation.
In the figure, £1 is the line passing through A(0,7) and B(l0,2); hi is the line passing through C(4,0) and
(d) A line touches the above two circles (C1) and (C2) at two distinct points E and F respectively.
perpendicular to Li; Li and L2 meet at D.
Draw a rough diagram to show this infonnation.
Find the length of EF. (a) Find the equation ofL1 •
(b) Find the equation of L2 and the coordinates of D.
(c) Pis a point on the line segment AB such that AP: PB= k: 1. Find the coordinates of Pin tenns of k.
If P lies on the circle (x - 4)2 + / = 30, show y
that 2k2-I6k+7=0 ......... (*).
16C.12 HKCEE MA 199! I 9 Find the roots of equation(*).
y Furthermore, if P lies between A and D, find the A(0,7)
In thefigure, the circle S :x.2+/-4x-2y+4= 0 with centre L AP
C touches the x-axis at A. The line L: y = mx, where m is a value of
PB.
non-zero constant, passes through the origin O and touches S
B(I0,2)
atB.
(a) Find the coordinates of C and A. L1
B
4 +.-1----1�---+-~x
(b) Show that m = . - a C(4,0)
3 C S
(c) (i) Explain why the four points 0, A, C, Bare concyclic.
(ii) Find the equation ofthe circle passing through these
four points. (x-4) 2 +y2~30
0 A

19' 196
 16. COORDINATE GEOMETRY

16C.15 HKCEE MA 1994-1-12 16C.17 HKCEE MA 1996 -I - 11

y L
Thefigure shows two circles Ct :.x2+y2=1, C2: (x-10) +1=49. 2 'eft is the circle with centre A(0,2) and radius 2. It cuts the y-axis
0 is the origin and A is the centre of C2. QP is an external common tangent to C1 and C2 with points of at the origin O and the point B. c6"2 is another circle with equation
contact Q and P respectively. The slope of QP is positive. x2 + (y- 2)2 = 25. The line L passing through Bwith slope 2 cuts
9if'2 at the points Q and Ras shown in the figure.
y
(a) Find
(i) the equation of 9if'1 ;
p
(ii) the equation of L.
(0,2
(b) Find the coordinates of Q and R.
(c) Find the coordinates of
(i) the point on L which is nearest to A;
(ii) the point on 9Jf'1 which is nearest to Q. R
Q

16C.18 HKCEEMA 1997-1-16 y (Continued from 12B.14.)

C2

(a) Write down the coordinates of A and the radius of Q. A

(b) PQ is produced to cut the x-axis at R. Find the x-coordinate of R by considering similar triangles.
(c) Using the result in (b), find the slope of QP.
(d) Using the results of (b) and (c), find the equation of the external common tangent QP. Figure (1) Figure (2)
(e) Find the equation of the other external common tangent to Ct and C2.
(a) In Figure (1), Dis a point on the circle with AB as diameter and C as the centre. The tangent to the circle
at A meets BD produced at E. The perpendicular to this tangent through E meets CD produced at F.
(i) Prove that AB//EF.
16C.16 HKCEE MA 1995 - I - 10 (ii) Prove that FD= FE.
i:4x-3y+12=0 (iii) Explain why F is the centre of the circle passing through D and touching AE at E.
In the figure, A(l,9) and B(9,7) are points on a circle 9if'. The y (b) A rectangular coordinate system is introduced in Figure (1) so that the coordinates of A and Bare
centre G ofthe circle lies on the line i : 4x - 3y + 12 = 0. (-2, -1) and (6, 3) respectively. It is found that the coordinates of D and E are (-2,3) a nd (-4,3)
(a) Findtheequation ofthe lineAB. respectively as shown in Figure (2). Find the coordinates of F.
(b) Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of AB, and
hence the coordinates of G. 16C.19 HKCEE MA 1998 - I - 15
(c) Find the equation of the circle 11'. The figure shows two circles C 1 and C2 touchlng each other externally. The centre of C1 is (5,0) and the
(d) If DE (not shows in the figure) is another chord of the circle G equationofC2is (x-11) 2 +(y+8) 2 =49. Y c1
9if' suchthat AB and DE are equal and parallel, find (a) Find the equation of C1 •
(i) the coordinates of the mid-point of DE, and
(b) Find the equations of the two tangents to C1 from the origin.
(ii) the equation of the line DE.
(c) One of the tangents in (b) cuts C2 at two distinct points A and B.
Find the coordinates of the mid-point of AB.
c,
0

198
 16. COORDINATE GEOMETRY

16C.20 HKCEEMA 1999-1-16 (Continued from 12A.17.) 16C.22 HKCEEMA 2001-1-17

(a) In Figure (1), ABC is a triangle right-angled at B. D is a point on AB. A circle is drawn with DB as a y Q
diameter. The line through D and parallel to AC cuts the circle at E. CE is produced to cut the circle at
F.
(i) Prove that A, F, Band Care concyclic.
(ii) If Mis the mid-point of AC, explain why MB =MF. :s
'
(b) In Figure (2), the equation of circle RST is x2 + y2 + I Ox - 6y + 9 = 0. QST is a straight line. The
coordinates of P, Q, R, Sare (- 17, 0), (0, 17), ( -9, 0) and (-2, 7) respectively.
(i) Prove that PQ//RS.
(ii) Find the coordinates of T. 0 R
(iii) Are the points P, Q, 0 and T concyclic? Explain your answer.
y
C A B
Q

Figure (1) figure (2)

(a) In Figure (I), OP is a diameter of the circle. The altitude QR of the acute-angled triangle OPQ cuts the
circle at S. Let the coordinates of P and S be (p,O) and (a,b) respectively.
(i) Find the equation of the circle OPS.
(ii) Using (i) or otherwise, show that 0S2 = OP· OQcosLPOQ.
(b) In Figure (2), ABC is an acute-angled triangle. AC and BC are diameters of the circles AGDC and BCEF
respectively.
p
F (i) Show that BE is an altitude of 6ABC.
(ii) Using (a) or otherwise, compare the length of CF with that of CG. Justify your answer.
Figure (1) Figure (2)

16C.23 HKCEEMA2002-I- 16 (Continued from UA.21.)

16C.21 HKCEEMA 2000 I 16 (Continued from 12B.15.) In the figure,AB is a diameter of the circleABEG with centre C. The perpendicular from GtoAB cuts AB at
O. AE cuts OGatD. BE and OGare produced to meet atF.
In the figure, C is the centre of the circle PQS. OR and OP are tangent to the circle at Sand P respectively. Mary and John try to prove OD· OF= ooZ by using two different approaches.
OCQ is a straight line and LQOP= 30 ° .
(a) Mary tackles the problem by first proving that MOD~ 6.FOB
(a) Show that LPQO-30° . R ~
and MOG 6.GOB. Complete the following tasks for Mary.
F
(b) Suppose OPQR is a cyclic quadrilateral. (i) Prove that MOD~6.FOB.
(i) Show that RQ is tangent to circle PQS at Q. (ii) Prove that 6.AOG~6.GOB.
(ii) A rectangular coordinate system is introduced in the figure (iii) Using (a)(i) and (a)(ii), prove that OD• OF= OG2.
so that the coordinates of O and Care (0,0) and (6,8) (b) John tackles the same problem by introducing a rectangular coordi­
respectively. Find the equation of QR. nate system in the figure so that the coordinates of C, D and F are
s (c,O), (O,p) and (O,q) respectively, where c, p and q are positive
numbers. He denotes the radius of the circle by r.
C
Complete the following tasks for John.
(i) Express the slopes of AD and BF in terms of c, p, q and r. A r<---- �- t-'----"I B
O C
(ii) Using (b)(i), prove that OD· OF= OG2.

200
 16. COORDINATE GEOMETRY

16C.24 HKCEE MA 2003 I 17 (Continued from 12B.16.) 16C.26 HKCEE MA 2005 I 17 (Continued from 12A.22.)
y
R

K K

0 p Q
Figure (1) Figure (2)
Q
(a) In Figure (1), MN is a diameter of the circle MONR. The chord RO is perpendicular to the straight line
Figure (I) Figure (2) POQ. RNQ and RMP are straight lines.
(a) In Figure (1), OP is a common tangent to the circles C1 and C 2 at the points O and P respectively. The (i) By considering triangles OQR and ORP, prove that OR2 =OP· OQ.
common chord KM when produced intersects OP at N. Rand Sare points on KO and KP respectively (ii) Prove that E:,,MON ~ 6.POR.
such that the straight line RMS is parallel to OP. (b) A rectangular coordinate system, with O as the origin, is introduced to Figure (1) so that R lies on the
(i) By considering triangles NPM and NKP, prove that N?2 = NK · NM. positive yMaxis and the coordinates of P and Qare (4,0) and (-9, 0) respectively (see Figure (2)).

'1;3,
(ii) Prove that RM= MS. (i) Find the coordinates of R.
(b) A rectangular coordinate system, with O as the origin, is introduced to Figure (1) so that the coordinates 3
{ii) If the centre of the circle MONR lies in the second quadrant and ON= find the radius and
of P andM are (p, 0) and (a,b) respectively (see Figure (2)). The straight line RS meets C1 and C2 again the coordinates of the centre of the circle MONR.
at F and G respectively while the straight lines FO and GP meet at Q.
(i) Express FG in terms of p.
(ii) Express the coordinates of F and Qin tenns of a and b.
(iii) Prove that triangle QRS is isosceles.
16C.27 HKCEE MA 2006 - I - 16 (Continued from 12A.23.)
In the figure, G and H are the circumcentre and the orthocentre of 6.ABC respectively. AH produced meets
BC at 0. The perpendicular from G to BC meets BC atR. BS is a diameter of the circle which passes through
16C.25 HKCEEMA2004-I- 16 (Continued from 12B.17.) A,BandC.
In the figure, BC is a tangent to the circle GAB with BC/JOA. OA is produced to D such that AD= OB. BD (a) Prove that
cuts the circle atE. (i) AHCS is a parallelogram,
(a) Prove that .6ADE � MOE. D (ii) AH=2GR. s
(b) Prove that LBEO = 2LBOE. (b) A rectangular coordinate system, with O as the
(c) Suppose OE is a diameter of the circle OAEB. origin, is introduced in the figure so that the
coordinates of A, B and C are (0, 12), ( -6, 0)
(i) Find LBOE.
and (4,0) respectively.
(ii) A rectangular coordinate system is introduced in the figure so
that the coordinates of O andB are (0, 0) and (6,0) respectively. (i) Find the equation of the circle which passes
through A, B and C. G
Find the equation of the circle OAEB. C
(ii) Find the coordinates of H.
(iii) Are B, 0, Hand Gconcyclic? Explain your
answer. H

B R 0

201 202
 16. COORDINATE GEOMETRY

16C.28 HKCEE MA 2007 -I - 17 y (Continued from 12A.24.) 16C30 HKCEE MA 2011 -I -16
In the figure, MQR is an isosceles triangle with PQ = PR. It is given that S p
is a point lying on QR and the orthocentre of b.PQR lies on PS. A rectangular
coordinate system is introduced in the figure so that the coordinates of P and Q
are (16, 80) and (-32, -48) respectively. It is given that QR is parallel to the
x-axis.
(a) Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of PR.
(b) Find the coordinates of the circumcentre of b.PQR.
(c) Let C be the circle which passes through P, Q and R.
A G D C (i) Find the equation ofC.
Figure (1) Figure (2) (ii) Are the centre C and the in-centre of MQR the same point? Explain

(a) In Figure (1), AC is the diameter of the semi-circle ABC with centre 0. Dis a point lying on AC such
your answer. Q s R
that AB =BD. I is the in-centre of MED. AI is produced to meet BC atE. BI is produced to meet AC
atG.
(i) Prove that MEG 2:c b.DBG. 16C31 HKCEEAM 1981-II-6
(ii) By considering the triangles AG/ and ABE, prove that :�
!!
(b) A rectangular coordinate system, with Oas the origin, is introduced to Figure (1) so that the coordinates
The circles Ct: x 2+y2+ 7y+ 11 = 0 and C2: x2+y1+6x+4y +8 = 0 touch each other externally atP.
(a) Find the coordinates of P.
of C and Dare (25, 0) and (11, 0) respectively and B lies in the second quadrant (see Figure (2)). It is (b) Find the equation of the common tangent atP.
found that BE : AB = 1 : 2.
(i ) Find the coordinates of G. 16C32 (HKCEE AM 1981 -II - 12)
(ii) Find the equation of the inscribed circle of 6ABD.
The line L: y = mx+2 meets the circle C: x2 +I= 1 at the points A(x1 ,Yr) and B(x2,Y2).
(a) (i) Show thatx1 and x2 are the roots of the quadratic equation (m2 + l)x2 +4mx+ 3 = 0.
16C.29 HKCEE MA 2008 I 17 (Continued from 12A.25.)
Figure (1) shows a circle passing through A, B and C. I is the in-centre of MBC and AI produced meets the (ii) Hence, or otherwise, show that the length of the chord AB is 2 ✓�-m-+1
3
.
circle at P. (b) Find the values of m such that
(i) L meets C at two distinct points,
(ii) Lis a tangent to C,
(iii) L does not meet C.
( c) For the two tangents in (b)(ii), let the corresponding points of contact be P and Q. Find the equation of
PQ.

16C33 (HKCEE AM 1982 -II - 8)

Mis the point (5,6), Lis the line Sx+ 12y = 32 and C is the circle with Mas centre and touching L.
(a) (i) Find the equation of the straight line passing through Mand perpendicular to L.
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find the equation of C.
p p (b) Show that C also touches the y-axis.
Figure (1) Figure (2) (c) Find the equation of the tangent (other than the y-axis) to C from the origin.
(a) Prove that BP=CP=IP. (d) P(2, 2) is a point on C. Q is another point on C such that PQ is a diameter. Find the equation of the
circle which passes through P, Q and the origin.
(b) Figure (2) is constructed by adding three points G, Q andR to Figure (1), where G is the circumcentre of
b.ABC, PQ is a diameter of the circle and R is the foot of the perpendicular from/ to BC. A rectangular
coordinate system is then introduced in Figure (2) so that the coordinates of B, C and/ are {-80,0), 16C.34 HKCEEAM 1984-II-6
(64,0) and (0,32) respectively.
(i) Find the equation of the circle with centre P and radius BP. Given the equation x2 + y1- 2kx + 4ky + 6k2 - 2 = 0.
(ii) Find the coordinates of Q. (a) Find the range of values of k so that the equation represents a circle with radius greater than 1.
(iii) Are B, Q, I and R concyclic? Explain your answer. (b) [Outofsyllabus]

203
 16. COORDINATE GEOMETRY

16C.35 (HKCEE AM 1985 - II- 5) 16C.39 HKCEE AM 1993 II 11

=
If the equation .x2 +T +kx- (2+k)y 0 represents a circle with radius Js, A(0,2) is the centre of circleC1 with radius 4. B (3, �) is the centre of circle C2 which touches the x-axis.
(a) find the value(s) of k;
P(s,t) is any point in the shaded region as shown in the figure.
(b) find the equation(s) of the circle(s). y
(a) Find AB and the radius of C2.
Hence show thatC1 and C2 touch each other.
(b) If P is the centre of a circle which touches the
16C.36 HKCEE AM 1986 - II - 10 x-axis andC1,showthat 4t=12-s2 .
The circles Ct: .x2+/-4x+2y+ 1 = 0 and Ci: .x2+y2-10x-4y+ 19 = 0 have a common chord AB. (c) If Pis the centre of a circle which touches the
(a) (i) Find the equation of the line AB. x-axis and C2, show that 3t = (s-3)2.
(ii) Find the equation of the circle with AB as a chord such that the area of the circle is a minimum. (d) Given that there are two circles in the shaded
(b) The circleCt and another circleC3 are concentric. If AB is a tangent to C3, find the equation of C3. region, each of which touches the x-axis, C1
(c) [Outofsyllabus] and Cz. Using (b) and (c), find the equations
of the two circles, giving your answers in the
focm (x-h)2+(y-k)2=r'.
16C.37 HKCEE AM 1987 II 1!
In the figure, A and B are the points (8,0) and (16,0) respectively. The equation of the circle C1 is
.x2+y1- -16x-4y+64= 0. OH and BH are tangents toC1.
(a) (i) Show thatC1 touches thex-axis atA. Y
H 16CA0 HKCEE AM 1994- II - 9
(ii) Find the equation of OH.
(iii) Find the equation of BH. Given two pointsA(S,5) and B(7, 1). Let (h, k) be the centre of a circleC which passes through A and B.
(b) In the figure, the equation of OK is 4x+3y = 0. (a) Express h in tenns of k.
The circle C2 : .x2+y1- -16x+2fy+c = 0 is Hence show that the equation ofCis .x2 + f - 4kx- 2ky + 30k- 50 = O.
½x, find the equation ofC.
the inscribed circle of b..OBK and touches the
x-axis at A. (b) If the tangent to Cat Bis parallel to the line y =
(i) Find the values of the constants c and f. (c) /Outofsyllabus]
(ii) Find area of b..OBH: area of b..OBK.

16C.41 HKCEE AM 1995- II- 10 y

K C1 is the circle i1-+y1--16x-36 = 0 and C2 is a circle centred c,

y)
at the point A(-7, 0). Ci and C2 touch externally as shown in the
figure. P(h,k) is a point in the second quadrant.
16C.38 (HKCEE AM 1988 - II - 1!) (a) Find the centre and radius ofC1.
Hence find the radius of C2. B(-7,40)
In the figure, S is the centre of the circle C y x-5y+59 =0
(b) If P is the centre of a circle which touches both C1 and C2
which passes through H(-3,6) and touches the externally, show that 8h2-!? -8h - 48 0. =
line x-5y+59=0 atK(l,12).
(c) C3 is a circle centred at the point B(-7,40) and of the same P(h,k)
(a) Find the coordinates of S. Hence, or other­ radius as Cz.
wise, find the equation of the circleC.
(i) If P is the centre of a circle which touches both C2 and c,
(b) The line L: 3x-2y-5=0 cuts the circle C3 externally, write down the equation of the locus of P.
Cat A and B. Find the equation of the circle H(-3,6)
(ii) Find the equation of the circle, with centre P, which
with AB as diameter. C touches all the three circlesCt, C2 and C3 externally.

------+-----------x
0

205 206
 16. COORDINATE GEOMETRY

16C.42 (HKCEE AM 1996-Il- 10) 16C.45 HKCEE AM 2002- 15 (Continued from 12B.18.)
y
The equation Ck :x2+y2-Skx-6ky+25(k2- 1) = 0, where k is real, represents a circle.
R(2,5)
(a) (i) Findthe centreofCk in terms ofk. Hence show that the centre ofqlie onthe line 3x-4y=0 for
E
all values of k.
(ii) Show that Ck has a radius of 5.
(b) The figure shows some Ck's for various values of y

�f-->__,£.�-S(5, 2)
k. It is given that there are two parallel lines, both
of which are common tangents to all Ck's.
Write down the slope of these two common tan­ Q(-2, 1) L
gents.
Hence find the equations of these two common
tangents.
(c) For a certain value of k, Ck cuts the x-axis at two Figu,e (1) Figure (2)
points A andB.
Write down the distance from the centre of the cir­ (a) DEF is a triangle with perimeter p and area A . A circle C1 of radius r is inscribed in the triangle (see
cle to the x-axis in terms of k. . 1
Figu re (1)). Show that A= pr.
Hence, or otherwise, find the two possible values 2
of k such that Ck satisfies the condition AB= 8. (b) In Figure (2), a circle C2 is inscribed in a right-angled triangle QRS. The coordinates of Q, R and Sare
(-2, 1), (2, 5) and (5,2) respectively.
(i) Using (a), or otherwise, find the radius of C .
2
(ii) Find the equation of C2.

16C.46 HKCEEAM2005-15
The figure shows a circle C1 : x2 +y 2 -4x-2y+4 = 0 centred at point A.Lis the straight line y = kx.
16C.43 (HKCEE AM 1998 - II - 2) (a) Find the range of k such that C1 and L intersect
=
Given a line L: x -7y+ 3 0 and a circle C: (x - 2) 2 + (y+ 5)2 = a, where a is a positive number. If L (b) There are two tangents from the origin Oto C 1• Find the equation of the t.angentL1 other than the x-axis.
is a tangent to C, find the value of a. (c) Suppose that L and Ci intersect at two distinct points P y
and Q. Let M be the mid-point of PQ.
(i) Show that thex-coordinate of Mis ;:�.
(ii) [Outofsyl/abus) c,

16C.44 (HKCEE AM 2000 - II - 9)

A circle has the equation (F): x2 +y2 + (4k+4)x+ (3k+ l)y- (8k+ 8) = 0, where k is real .
(a) Rewritetheequation(F)in theform (x-p)2 +(y-q)2 =?-. 0
(b) C1 and C2 are two circles described by (F) such that the radius of C1 is smaller than that of C2 and both
of them touch the x-axis. Y 16C.47 HKCEE AM 2006 14
L
(i) Find the equations of C1 and C2. =
Let J be the circle x2 + y2 r2, where r > 0. y P(7,4)
(ii) Show that Ci and C2 touch each other externally.
(a) Suppose that the straight line L: y = mx+c is a tangent to J.
(c) The figure shows the circles C 1 and C2 in (b). Lis a
common tangent to Ci and C2. C3 is a circle touching (i) Show that c2=,-2(m'+l).
C2 ,L and the x-axis. Find the equation of C3. (ii) If L passes through a point (h,k), show that
(Hint: The centres of the three circles are collinear.) (k-mh)2 = ,-2(m2 + 1).
c, (b) J is inscribed in a triangle PQR (see the figure).
The coordinates of P and Rare(7,4)and (-5, -5)
0 respectively.
(i) Find the radius of J.
(ii) Using (a)(ii), or otherwise, find the slope of
PQ.
(iii) Find the coordinates of Q. R(-5,-5)

207 208
 16. COORDINATE GEOMETRY

16C.48 HKCEE AM 2010 7 y 16C.51 HKDSE MA PP (Continued from UA.28.)

p I - 14
In the figure, a tangent PQ is drawn to the circle In the figure, OABC is a circle. It is given that AB produced and OC produced D
2
x+/-6x+4y-12 -oat the pointA(7, 1). B(0,-6) is an­ A(7, 1) meetatD.
other point lying on the circle. Let 0 be the acute angle between (a) Write down a pair of similar triangles in the figure.
AB and PQ. Find the value of tan 0.
(b) Suppose that LAOD = 90° . A rectangular coordinate system, with Oas the
origin, is introduced in the figure so that the coordinates of A and Dare (6,0)
and (0, 12) respectively. If the ratio of the area of b,BCD to the area of
Q
.6.0ADis l6:45,find
(i) the coordinates of C,
B(0,-6) (ii) the equation of the circle OABC.
2
x+/-6x+4y-12=0

16C.49 HKCEE AM 2010 15 y 16C.52 HKDSE MA 2012 I- 17

In the figure, C1 is a circle with centre (6,5) touching The coordinates of the centre of the circle C are (6, 10). It is given that the x-axis is a tangent to C.
the x-axis. C2 is a variable circle which touches the y­
axis and C1 internally. c, (a) Find the equation ofC.
(b) The slope and they-intercept of the straight line L is -1 and k respectively. If L cuts Cat A and B,
(a) Show that the equation of locus of the centre ofC2 ' express the coordinates of the mi d-point of AB in terms of k.
. 1 ' (6,5)
1sx= y--5y+l8.
2
(b) It is known that the length of the tangent from an
external point P(O, -3) to C2 is 5 and the centre of 16C53 HKDSE MA 2015 1 14
C2 is in the first quadrant.
The coordinates of the points P and Qare (4, -1) and {-14,23) respectively.
(i) Find the centre ofC2-
(a) LetL be the perpendicular bisector of PQ.
(ii) Find the equations of the two tangents from P
toC2. (i) Find the equation of L.
(ii) Suppose that G is a point lying on L. Denote thex�coordinate of G by h. Let C be the circle which
is centred at G and passes through P and Q.
Prove that the equation ofC is '2.x?-+2/-4hx-(3h+59)y+13h-93 = 0.
(b) The coordinates of the point R are (26,43). Using (a)(ii), or other.vise, find the diameter of the circle
which passes through P, Q and R.

16C50 HKDSE MA SP I 19 (Continued from 12B.19.)

In the figure, the circle passes through four points A, B, C and D. PQ is p B 16C.54 HKDSE MA 2016 I 20 (Continued from 12B.20.)
the tangent to the circle at Cand is parallel to BD. AC and BD intersect
atE. Itis given that AB =AD. .6.OPQ is an obtuse-angled triangle. Denote the in-centre and the circumcentre of .6.OPQ by I and J respec­
(a) (i) Prove that 6ABE � l::,AJJE. tively. It is given that P, I and J are collinear.
(ii) Are the in-centre, the orthocentre, the centroid and the (a) Prove that OP= PQ.
circumcentre of b.ABD collinear? Explain your answer. (b) A rectangular coordinate system is introduced so that the coordinates of O and Qare (0, 0) and (40,30)
(b) A rectangular coordinate system is introduced in the figure so that Q respectively while they-coordinate of Pis 19. Let C be the circle which passes through 0, P and Q.
the coordinates of A, Band Dare (14,4), (8, 12) and (4,4) respec­ (i) Find the equation of C.
tively. Find the equation of the tangent PQ.
(ii) Let L1 and Lz be two tangents to C such that the slope of each tangent is i and they-intercept of L1
is greater than that of L2- L1 cuts the x-axis and they-axis at Sand T respectively while L2 cuts the
x-axis and y-axis at U and V respectively. Someone claims that the area of the trapezium STUV
exceeds 17 000. Is the claim correct? Explain your answer.

209 210
 16. COORDINATE GEOMETRY

16C.55 HKDSE MA 2018 I 19 16D Loci in the rectangular coordinate plane

The coor dinates of the centre of the circle Care (8, 2). Denote the radius of Cby r. Let L be the straight 160.1 (HKCEEMA 1981(3)-1-7)
line lo:-5y - 21 = 0, where k is a constant. It is given that Lis a tangent to C.
The parabola y2 = 4ax passes through the points A ( 1,4) and B( 16, -16). A point P divides AB internally
(a) Find the equation of Cin terms of r. Hence, express?- in terms of k. such that AP : PB= 1 : 4.
(b) L passes through the point D(18, 39).
(a) Find the coordinates of P.
(i) Find r.
(b) Showthat the parabola is the locus of a moving point which is equidistant from P and the line x = -a.
(ii) It is given that L cuts the y-axis at the point E. Let F be a point such that C is the inscribed circle
of 6.DEF. Is .6.DEF an obtuse-angled triangle? Explain your answer.
160.2 HKCEE AM 1987 -II- 10
P(x,y) is a variable point equidistant from the point S(l,O) and the line x+ 1 = 0.
16C.56 HKDSEMA2019-l-19 (Continued from 7E.5.) (a) Show that the equation of the locus of Pis j1 = 4x.
I (b) [Outofsyllabus]
Let J(x) = (x1 + (6k- 2)x+ (9k+ 25) ), where k is a positive constant. Denote the point (4,33) by
1 +k
F.
(a) Prove that the graph ofy = J(x) passes through F. 160.3 (HKCEE AM 1994-11-4)
y
(b) The graph of y = g(x) is obtained by reflecting the graph of y = f(x) with respect to the y-axis and then In the figure, P(0,4) and Q(2,6) are two points and R(x,y) is a
translating the resulting graph upwards by 4 units. Let Ube the vertex of the graph of y = g(x). Denote variable point.
the origin by 0. (a) Suppose Ro=(4,4) (notshowninthefigure). Find the area
(i) Using the method of completing the square, express the coordinates of U in terms of k. of 6.PQR0•
(ii) Find k such that the area of the circle passing through F, 0 and U is the least. (b) If the area of 6PQ R is 4 square units,
(iii) For any positive constant k, the graph of y = g(x) passes through the same point G. Let V be the (i} describe the locus of Rand sketch it in the figure;
vertex of the graph of y = g(x) such that the area of the circle passing through F, O and V is the (ii) find the equation(s) of the locus of R.
least. Are F, G, 0 and V concyclic? Explain your answer.

I6C.57 HKDSE MA 2020 - I - 14 X

0
The coordinates of the points A and B are (-10, 0) and (30, 0) respectively. The circle C passes
through A and B. Denote the centre of C by G . It is given that they-coordinate of G is -15 .
16D.4 HKCEE AM 1999-11-10
(a) Find the equation of C . (3 merl<s) A(-3, 0) and B(-1, 0) are two points and P(x,y) is a variable point such that PA = ../3PB. Let C be the
locus of P.
(b) The straight line L passes through B and G . Another straight line .f. is parallel to L . Let P
b e a moving point in the rectangular coordinate plane such that the perpendicular distance from P (a) Show that the equation of C is x1+y2 = 3.
to L is equal to the perpendicular distance from P to f. . Denote the locus of P by I' . It is (b) T (a, b) is a point on C. Find the equation of the tangent to C at T.
given that I' passes through A . (c) The tangent from A to C touches Cat a point S in the second quadrant. Find the coordinates of S.
(i) Describe the geometric relationship between I' and L . (d) [Outofsyllabus]

Find the equation of I' . 160.5 (HKCEE AM 2004- 10) )'

(iii) Suppose that I' cuts C at another point H. Someone claims that LGAH < 70° . Do In the figure, 0 is the origin and A is the point (3,4). Pis
you agree? Explain your answer. a variable point (not shown) such that the area of b..OPA is
(6 marks) always equal to 2.
Describe the locus of P and sketch it in the figure.

----cQ,;J---------- X

21' 212
 16. COORDINATE GEOMETRY

16D.6 (HKCEE AM 2011- 16) {Difficult!] 16D.9 HKDSE MA 2012- I 14

Figure (1)shows a circle C1 : x2+y2- lOy+ 16 = 0. Z(x,y) is the centre of a circle which touch the x-axis They-intercepts of two parallel lines Land £ are -1 and -3 respectively and the x-intercept of Lis 3. P is a
and C1 externally. Let S be the locus of Z. moving point in the rectangular coordinate plane such that the perpendicular distance from P to L is equal to
the perpendicular distance from P to £. Denote the locus of P by r.
(a) Show that the equation of S is y = �x2 + 1.
1 (a) (i) Describe the geometric relationship between rand L.
(b) Let C2 and C3 be circles touching the x-axis and C1 externally. It is given that C2 passes through the (ii) Find the equation of r.
point (20, 16) and it touches C3 externally. Suppose that both the centres of C2 and C3 lie in the first (b) The equation of the circle C is (x-6)2 + / = 4. Denote the centre of C by Q.
quadrant (see Figure (2)).
(i) Does rpass through Q? Explain your answer.
(i) Find the equation of C2 .
(ii) If L cuts C at A and B whlle r cuts C at H and K, find the ratio of the area of �QH to the area of
(ii) Without any algebraic manipulation, detennine whether the following sentence is correct: 6BQK.
"The point of contact of C2 and C3 lies on S."
(c) Can we draw a circle satisfying all the following conditions?
• Its centre lies on S. 16D.10 HKDSE MA 2013 - I - 14
• It touches the x axis. The equation of the circle C is x2- + y2 - I2x- 34y + 225 = 0. Denote the centre of C by R.
• It touches C1 internally.
(a) Write down the coordinates of R.
Explain your answer.
(b) The equation of the straight line L is 4x+ 3y + 50 = 0. It is found that C and L do not intersect. Let P
y
y be a point lying on L such that Pis nearest to R.
(i) Find the distance between P and R.
(ii) Let Q be a moving point on C. When Q is nearest to P,
(20, 16) (1) describe the geometric relationship between P, Q and R;
(2) find the ratio of the area of 6.0PQ to the area of 6.0QR, where O is the origin.

16D.11 HKDSEMA2014-I-12
X s The circle C passes through the point A(6, 11) and the centre of C is the point G(0,3).
0 (a) Find the equation of C.
X
(b) Pis a moving point in the rectangular coordinate plane such that AP= GP. Denote the locus of P by r.
(i) Find the equation of r.
Figure (1) Figure (2) (ii) Describe the geometric relationship between rand the line segment AG.
(iii) If r cuts C at Q and R, find the perimeter of the quadrilateral AQ GR.

16D.7 HKDSEMASP-1-13
16D.12 HKDSE MA 2016 I 10
In the figure, the straight line L1 : 4x-3y+ 12 = O and the straight
y
L2
line L2 are perpendicular to each other and intersect at A. It is given The coordinates of the points A and Bare (5, 7) and (13,1) respectively. Let P be a moving point in the
thatL1 cuts the y-axis atBand Lz passes through the point (4, 9). rectangular coordinate plane such that Pis equidistant from A and B. Denote the locus of P by r.
(a) Find the equation of Lz- (a) Find the equation ofr.
(b) Q is a moving point in the coordinate plane such that AQ = BQ. (b) r intersects the x-axis and the y-axis at Hand K respectively. Denote the origin by 0. Let C be the
Denote the locus of Q by r. B circle which passes through 0, Hand K. Someone claims that the circumference of C exceeds 30. Is
(i) Describe the geometric relationship between rand L2. the claim correct? Explain your answer.
Explain your answer. 0
(ii) Find the equation of r. 16D.13 HKDSE MA 2017 - I - 13
The coordinates of the points E, F and Gare ( -6, 5), { -3, 11) and (2, -1) respectively. The circle C passes
16D.8 HKDSE MAPP I 8 through E and the centre of C is G.
The coordinates of the points A andBare (-3,4) and (-2, -5) respectively. A' is the reflection image of A (a) Find the equation of C.
with respect to the y-axis.Bis rotated anticlockwise about the origin O through 90° to B'. (b) Prove that F lies outside C.
(a) Write down the coordinates ofA' and B'. (c) Let H be a moving point on C. When H is farthest from F,
(b) Let Pbe a moving point in the rectangular coordinate plane such that Pis equidistant from A' and B'. (i) describe the geometric relationship between F, G and H;
Find the equation of the locus of P. (ii) find the equation of the straight line which passes through F andH.

213 214
 16. COORDINATE GEOMETRY

16D.14 HKDSE MA 2019- I - 17 (Continued from 12B.21.) 16E Polar coordinates

(a) Let a and p be the area and perimeter of D.CDE respectively. Denote the radius of the inscribed circle 16E.1 HKCEE MA 2009 I 8
of D.CDE by r. Prove that pr= 2a.
In a polar coordinate system, 0 is the pole. The polar coordinates of the points P and Q are (k, 123°) and
(b) The coordinates of the points Hand Kare (9, 12) and (14,0) respectively. Let P be a moving point
{24, 213 ° ) respectively, where k is a positive constant. It is given that PQ = 25.
in the rectangular coordinate plane such that the perpendicular distance from P to OH is equal to the
perpendicular distance from P to HK, where O is the origin . Denote the locus of P by I'. (a) Is 6.0PQ a right-angled triangle? Explain your answer.
(i) Describe the geometric relationship between rand LOHK. (b) Find the perimeter of D.OPQ.
(ii) Using (a), find the equation of I'.
16E.2 HKDSE MA PP I 6
In a polar coordinate system, the polar coordinates of the points A, Band Care (13, 157° ), (14,247°) and
(15,337 ° ) respectively.
(a) Let O be the pole. Are A, 0 and C collinear? Explain your answer.
(b) Find the area of DA.BC.

16E.3 HKDSE MA 2013 I 6

In a polar coordinate system, O is the pole. The polar coordinates of the points A and Bare (26, 10°) and
(26, 130°) respectively. Let L be the axis of reflectional symmetry of 6.0AB.
(a) Describe the geometric relationship between Land LAOB.
(b) Find the polar coordinates of the point of intersection of Land AB.

16E.4 HKDSEMA2016 1-7

In a polar coordinate system, O is the pole. The polar coordinates of the points A and Bare {12, 75°) and
(12, 135 °) respectively.
(a) Find LAOB.
(b) Find the perimeter of MOB.
(c) Write down the number of folds of rotational symmetry of MOB.

216
 17. COUNTING PRINCIPLES AND PROBABILITY

17B Probability (short questions)

17B.1 HKCEEMA 1981(1/3)-1-3
17 Counting Principles and Probability There are 40 students in a class, including students A and B. If two students are to be chosen at random as
class representatives, find the probability that both A and Bare chosen.

17B.2 HKCEEMA 1982(1/3)-1-6

17A Counting principles
If two dice are thrown once, find the probability that the sum of the numbers on the dice is
17A.1 lJKALEMS 1995-3
(a) equal to 4,
A teacher wants to divide a class of 18 students into 3 groups, each of 6 students, to do 3 different statistical (b) less than 4,
projects.
(c) greater than 4.
(a) In how many ways can the students be grouped?
(b) If there are 3 girls in the class, find the probability that there is one girl in each group. l7B.3 HKCEEMA 1996 I 7
The figure shows a circular dartboard. Its surface consists of two concentric circles of
17A.2 HKALEMS 1999-6 radii 12 cm and2 cm respectively.
At a school sports day, the timekeeping group for running events consists of 1 chief judge, 1 referee and (a) Find the area of the shaded region on the dartboard.
10 timekeepers. The chief judge and the referee are chosen from 5 teachers while the 10 timekeepers are (b) Two darts are thrown and hit the dartboard. Find the probability that
selected from 16 students. (i) both darts hit the shaded region;
(a) How many different timekeeping groups can be formed? (ii) only one dart hits the shaded region.
(b) If it is possible to have a timekeeping group with all the timekeepers being boys, what are the possible
numbers of boys among the 16 students? 17B.4 HKCEEMA 1998 I 11
(c) [Outofsy/Jabus] There are 8 white socks, 4 yellow socks and2 red socks in a drawer. A boy randomly takes out2 socks from
the drawer.
17A.3 HKALEMS2011-5 (Continued from 17B.3l.) (a) Find the probability that the socks taken out are both white.
The figure shows a board with routes blocked by shaded squares for an electronic toy car that goes from A (b) Find the probability that the socks taken out are of the same colour.
to B. At each junction, the toy car will go either East or North as shown by the arrows at A. The toy car will

•••••
choose randomly a route from A to B. There may be traps being set at some junctions. If the car reaches a 17B5 HKCEEMA 1999-1-12
trapped junction, it will stop and cannot reach B. Mr. Sun is waiting for a bus at a bus stop. It is known that 75% of the buses are air-conditioned, of which

•••••
(a) If a trap is set at T1, how many different B 20% have Octopus machines installed. No Octopus machines have been installed on buses without airM
routes are there for the toy car to go from A conditioning.
toB? (a) Find the probability that the next bus has an Octopus machine installed.
(b) If a trap is set at T2, how many different (b) The bus fare is $3.00. Mr. Sun does not have an Octopus card but has two I-dollar coins and three
routes are there for the toy car to go from A 2-dollar coins in his pocket. If he randomly talces out two coins, what is the probability that the total

■ ••••
toB? value of these coins is exactly $3.00?
t
A ➔ Ti 17B.6 HKCEEMA2000-I 12
A box contains nine hundred cards, each marked with a different 3-digit number from 1 00 to 999. A card is
17A.4 HKDSEMA2018-1-15 drawn randomly from the box.
(a) Find the probability that two of the digits of the number drawn are zero.
An eight-digit phone number is formed by a permutation of2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8 and9.
(b) Find the probability that none of the digits of the number drawn is zero.
(a) How many different eight-digit phone numbers can be fanned?
(c) Find the probability that exactly one of the digits of the number drawn is zero.
(b) If the first digit and the last digit of an eight-digit phone number are odd numbers, how many different
eight-digit phone numbers can be formed?
17B.7 HKCEEMA2004- I 8
A box contains nine cards numbered 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and9 respectively.
17A5 HKDSEMA 2019-1-15
(a) If one card is randomly drawn from the box, find the probability that the number drawn is odd.
There are 21 boys and 11 girls in a class. If 5 students are selected from the class to form a committee
(b) If two cards are randomly drawn from the box one by one with replacement. find the probability that the
consisting of at least 1 boy, how many different committees can be formed?
product of the numbers drawn is even.

217 218
 17. COUNTING PRINCIPLES AND PROBABILITY

178.8 HKCEEMA 2006 I - 8 (Continued from lSB.11.) 178.13 HKALE MS 1994 7

There are ten cards numbered 2, 3, 5, 8, 11, 11, 12, 15, 19 and k respectively, where k is a positive integer. It In asking some sensitive questions such as ''Are you homosexual?'', a randomised response technique can be
is given that the mean of the ten numbers is 11. applied: The interviewee will be asked to draw a card at random from a box with 1 red card and 2 black cards
(a) Find the value of k. and then consider the statement 'I am homosexual' if the card is red and the statement 'I am not homosexual'
otheiwise. He will give the response either 'True' or 'False'. The colour of the card drawn is only known to
(b) A card is randomly drawn from the ten cards. Find the probability that the number drawn is a multiple
the interviewee so that nobody knows which statement he has responded to. Suppose in a survey, 790 out of
of 3.
1200 interviewees give the response 'True'.
17B.9 HKCEEMA 2008 - I - 5 (a) Estimate the percentage of persons who are homosexual.
A box contains three cards numbered 2, 3 and 4 respectively while a bag contains two balls numbered 6 and (b) For an interviewee who answered 'True', what is the probability that he is really homosexual?
7 respectively. If one card and one ball are randomly drawn from the box and the bag respectively, find the
probability that the sum of the numbers drawn is 10.
178.14 HKALE MS 1995 5
17B.10 HKCEE MA 2009-1-5
An insurance company classifies the aeroplanes it insures into class L (low risk) and class H (high risk), and
The table below shows the distribution of the ages of all employees in a department of a company. estimates the corresponding proportions of the aeroplanes as 70% and 30% respectively. The company has
� (x) also found that 99% of class L and 88% of class H aeroplanes have no accident within a year. If an aeroplane
x<30 30Sx<40 x�40 insured by the company has no accident within a year, what is the probability that it belongs to
Employ
Administrative officer 7 21 30 (a) class H?
Clerk 53 57 32 (b) class L?
If an employee is randomly selected from the department, find the probability that the selected employee is
an administrative officer under the age of 40.
178.15 HKALEMS 1996-6
178.11 HKALEMS 1994-1 A company buys equal quantities of fuses, in 100-unit lots, from two suppliers A and B. The company tests
(a) Write down the sample space of the sex patterns of the children of a 2�child family in the order of their two fuses randomly drawn from each lot, and accepts the lot if both fuses are non-defective.
ages. (You may use B to denote a boy and G to denote a girl.) It is known that 4% of the fuses from supplier A and 1 % of the fuses from supplier B are defective. Assume
(b) Assume that having a boy or having a girl is equally likely. It is known that a family has two children that the quality of the fuses are independent of each other.
and they are not both girls. (a) What is the probability that a lot will be accepted?
(i) Write down the sample space of the sex patterns of the children in the order of their ages. (b) What is the probability that an accepted lot came from supplier A?
(ii) What is the probability that the family has two sons?
178.12 HKALEMS 1994-3 178.16 HKALE MS 1997 7
Jack climbs along a cubical framework from a comer A to meet Jill at the opposite comer B. The framework, A brewery has a backup motor for its bottling machine. The backup motor will be automatically turned on if
shown in the figure, is formed by joining bars of equal length. Jack chooses randomly a path of the shortest the original motor breaks down during operating hours. The probability that the original motor breaks down
length to meet fill. An example of such a path, which can be denoted by during operating hours is 0.15 and when the backup motor is tum on, it has a probability of 0.24 of breaking
Right- Up-Fo,ward - Up-Right- Fo,ward down . Only when both the original and backup motors break down is the machine not able to work.
is also shown in the figure.
(a) What is the probability that the machine is not working during operating hours?
(b) If the machine is working, what is the probability that it is operated by the original motor?
(c) The machine is working today. Find the probability that the first break down of the machine occurs on
the 10th day after today.

178.17 HKALEMS 1998- 6

Up
A factory produces 3 kinds of ice-cream bars A, B and C in the ratio 1 : 2: 5. It was reported that some
I
ice-cream bars produced on 1 May, 1998 were contaminated. All ice-cream bars produced on that day were
Forwa,-d withdrawn from sale and a test was carried out. The test results showed that 0.8% of kind A, 0.2% of kind B

L-Right
and 0% of kind C were contaminated.
(a) An ice-cream bar produced on that day is selected randomly. Find the probability that
(a) Find the number of shortest paths from A to B. (i) the bar is of kind A and is NOT contaminated,
(b) If there is a trap at the centre C of the framework which catches anyone passing through it, (ii) the bar is NOT contaminated.
(i) find the number of shortest paths from A to C, (b) If an ice-cream bar produced on that day is contaminated, find the probability that it is of kind A.
(ii) hence find the probability that Jack will be caught by the trap on his way to B.
219 220
 17. COUNTING PRINCIPLES AND PROBABILITY

17B.18 HKALEMS 1999-5 17B.24 HKALE MS 2002 - 8

60% of passengers who travel by train use Octopus. A certain trrun has 12 compartments and there are 10 A flower shop bas 13 roses of which 2 are red, 5 are white and 6 are yellow. Mary selects 3 roses randomly
passengers in each compartment. and the colours are recorded.
(a) What is the probability that exactly 5 of the passengers in a compartment use Octopus? (a) Denote the red rose selected by R, the white rose by W and the yellow rose by Y.
(b) What is the expected number of passengers using Octopus in a compartment? List the sample space (i.e. the set of all possible combinations of the colours of roses selected, for
(c) What is the probability that the third compartment is the first one to have exactly 5 passengers using example, 1R2W denotes that I red rose and 2 white roses are selected).
Octopus? (b) Find the probability thatMary selects exactly one red rose.
(c) Given that Mary has seiected exactly one red rose, find the probability that only one of the other two
17B.19 HKALE MS 2000-6 roses is white.
Mr. Chan bas 6 cups of ice-cream in his refrigerator. There are 5 different flavours as listed: 1 cup of
chocolate, 1 cup of mango, 1 cup of peach, 1 cup of strawberry and 2 cups of vanilla. Mr. Chan randomly 17B.25 HKALE MS 2003 12
chooses 3 cups of the ice-cream. Find the probability that A teacher randomly selected 7 students from a class of 13 boys and 17 girls to form a group to take part in a
(a) there is no vanilla flavour ice-cream, flag-selling activity.
(b) there is exactly 1 cup of vanilla flavour ice-cream. (a) Find the probability that the group consists of at least 1 boy and I girl.
(b) Given that the group consists of at least 1 boy and 1 girl, find the probability that there are more than 3
17B.20 HKALE MS 2000 8 girls in the group.
A department store uses a machine to offer prizes for customers by playing games A or B. The probability of (c) [Outofsyllabus]
a customer winning a prize in game A is¾ and that in game Bis �- Suppose each time the machine randomly
17B.26 HKALEMS 2004-6
generates either game A or game B with probabilities 0.3 and 0.7 respectively.
David has forgotten his uncle's mobile phone number. He can only remember that the phone number is
(a) Find the probability of a customer winning a prize in 1 trial.
98677XYZ, where X, Y and Z are the forgotten digits. Find the probability that
(b) The department store wants to adjust the probabilities of generating game A and game B so that the
2 (a) at least 2 of the forgotten digits are different;
probability of a customer winning a prize in 1 trial is 3 . Find the probabilities of generating game A and (b) the forgotten digits are permutations of 2. 3 and 8;
game B respectively. (c) exactly 2 of the forgotten digits have already appeared among the first five digits of the phone number.
17B.21 HKALE MS 2001 6
17B.27 HKALE MS 2004 10
3 students are randomly selected from 10 students of different weights. Find the probability that
A certain test gives a positive result in 94% of the people who have disease S. The test gives a positive result
(a) the heaviest student is in the selection, in 14% of the people who do not have disease S. In a city, 7.5% of the citizens have disease S.
(b) the heaviest one out of the 3 selected students is the 4th heaviest among the 10 students, (a) Find the probability that the test gives a positive result for a randomly selected citizen.
(c) the 2 heaviest students are not both selected. (b) Given that the test gives a positive result for a randomly selected citizen, find the probability that the
citizen does not have disease S.
17B.22 HKALE MS 2001 - 7
(c) [Out of syllabus]
In the election of the Legislative Council, 48% of the voters support Party A, 39% Party Band 13% Party C.
Suppose on the polling day, 65%, 58% and 50% of the supporting voters of Parties A, Band C respectively 17B.28 HKALE MS 2007 6
cast their votes.
David has 1 O shirts and 3 bags: 1 blue shirt, 4 yellow shirts, 5 white shirts, 1 yellow bag and 2 white bags.
(a) A voter votes on the polling day. Find the probability that the voter supports Party B. He randomly chooses 3 shirts from the 10 shirts and randomly puts the chosen shirts into 3 bags so that each
(b) Find the probability that exactly 2 out of 5 voting voters support Party B. bag contains 1 shirt.
17B.23 HKALEMS 2002 5 (a) Find the probability that the yellow bag contains the blue shirt and each of the two white bags contains
1 yellow shirt.
Twelve boys and ten girls in a class are divided into 3 groups as shown in the table below. (b) Find the probability that each of these three bags contains 1 shirt of a colour different from the bag.
:arou_p:A, ,:,-eJi:Oiip0:13 ---Group c
6 4 2 17B.29 HKALE MS 2009 5
1 Numger;ofglrJs 2 3 5 It is known that 36% of the customers of a certain supermarket will bring their own shopping bags. There
To choose a student as the class representative, a group is selected at random, then a students is chosen at are 3 cashiers and each cashier has 5 customers in queue.
random from the selected group. (a) Fmd the probability that among all the customers in queue, at least 4 of them have brought their own
(a) Find the probability that a boy is chosen as the class representative. shopping bags.
(b) Suppose that a boy is chosen as the class representative. Find the probability that the boy is from Group (b) If exactly 4 customers in queue have brought their own shopping bags, what is the probability that each
cashier will have at least 1 customer who has brought his/her own shopping bag?
=
A.
221
 17. COUNTING PRINCIPLES AND PROBABILITY

17B.30 HKALEMS 2011-4 17B.34 HKDSE MA PP - I -13 (To continue as 18A.9.)

Peter and Susan play a shooting game. Each of them will shoot a target twice. Each shot will score 1 point The bar chart below shows the distribution of the most favourite fruits of the students in a group. It is given
if it hits the target. The one who bas a higher score is the winner. It is known that the probabilities of bitting that each student has only one most favourite fruit.
the target in one shot for Peter and Susan are 0.55 and 0.75 respectively. Distribution of the most favourite fruits of the students in the group
(a) Find the probability that Susan will be the winner.
(b) Given that Peter scores at least 1 point, what is the probability that Susan is the winner'? II

17B.31 HKALE MS 2011- 5 (Continued from 17A.3.)

The figure shows a board with routes blocked by shaded squares for an electronic toy car that goes from A
to B. At each junction, the toy car will go either East or North as shown by the arrows at A. The toy car will
choose randomly a route from A to B. There may be traps being set at some junctions. If the car reaches a

■■■■■
trapped junction, it will stop and cannot reach B.

•••••
(a) If a trap is set at Ti, how many different B Apple Banana Orange Papaya Pear
routes are there for the toy car to go from A
Fruit
toB? T2

■■■■■
(b) If a trap is set at T2, how many different If a student is randomly selected from the group, the probability that the most favourite fruit is apple is } .
0
routes are there for the toy car to go from A (a) Find k.
toB?
(b) Suppose that the above distribution is represented by a pie chart.
(c) If two traps are set at T1 and T2, find the prob­ t
ability that the toy car can reach B from A. A ➔ Ti
17B.35 HKDSE MA PP - I- 16
There are 18 boys and 12 girls in a class. From the class. 4 students are randomly selected to form the class
17B.32 HKALE MS 2013 - 4 committee.
In a game, a player will ping 4 balls one by one and each ball will (a) Find the probability that the class committee consists of boys only.
randomly fall into 4 different slots as shown in the figure. A prize will (b) Find the probability that the class committee consists of at least 1 boy and 1 girl.
be given if all the 4 balls are aligned in a horizontal or a vertical row.
(a) What is the probability that a player wins the prize?
(b) What is the probability that a pl ay er wins the prize given that first 17B.36 HKDSEMA2012-l-16
two balls are in two different slots? There are 8 departments in a company. To form a task group of 16 members, 2 representatives are nominated
by each department. From the task group, 4 members are randomly selected.

LJ
(a) Find the probability that the 4 selected members are nominated by 4 different departments.
(b) Find the probability that the 4 selected members are nominated by at most 3 different departments.

17B.37 HKDSE MA 2013 I 16

A box contains 5 white cups and 11 blue cups. If 6 cups are randomly drawn from the box at the same time,
(a) find the probability that at least 4 white cups are drawn;
(b) find the probability that at least 3 blue cups are drawn.
17B.33 HKDSEMASP-I-16
A committee consists of 5 teachers from school A and 4 teachers from school B. Four teachers are randomly 17B.38 HKDSE MA 2015 - I -3
selected from the committee.
Bag A contains four cards numbered I, 3, 5 and 7 respectively while bag B contains five cards numbered 2,
(a) Find the probability that only 2 of the selected teachers are from school A. 4, 6, 8 and 10 respectively. If one card is randomly drawn from each bag, find the probability that the sum of
(b) Find the probability that the numbers of selected teachers from school A and school Bare different. the two numbers drawn is less than 9.

223
 17. COUNTING PRINCIPLES AND PROBABILITY

17B.39 HKDSEMA2015-l-16 17B.44 HKDSEMA2017-I-17

A box contains 5 red bowls, 6 yellow bowls and 3 white bowls. If 4 bowls are randomly drawn from the box In a bag, there are 4 green pens, 7 blue pens and 8 black pens. If 5 pens are randomly drawn from the bag at
at the same time, the same time,
(a) find the probability that exactly 2 red bowls are drawn; (a) find the probability that exactly 4 green pens are drawn;
(b) find the probability that at least 2 red bowls are drawn. (b) find the probability that exactly 3 green pens are drawn;
(c) find the probability that not more than 2 green pens are drawn.
17B.40 HKDSEMA2016-I-9 (Continued from lSA.10.)
The frequency distribution table and the cumulative frequency distribution table below show the distribution 17B.45 HKDSEMA2018-I 4
of the heights of the plants in a garden. A box contains n white balls, 5 black balls and 8 red balls. If a ball is randomly drawn from the box, then
I Heicrht (m) I Frequency I
0 I
Heicrht
0 I
less than (m) Cumulative frequency I the probability of drawing a red ball is �. Find the value of n.
0.1-0.3 a 0.35 2
0.4-0.6 4 0.65 X
17B.46 HKDSEMA2019-I-8 (Continued from lSB.19.)
0.7-0.9 b 0.95 13
1.0-1.2 C 1.25 y The pie chart below shows the distribution of the numbers of rings
1.3-1.5 15 1.55 37 owned by the girls in a group.
1.6-1.8 3 1.85 z (a) Write down the mode of the distribution. 7
(a) Find x, y and z. (b) Find the mean of the distribution. 2
(b) If a plant is randomly selected from the garden, find the probability that the height of the selected plant (c) If a girl is randomly selected from the group, find the probability
is less than 1.25 m but not less than 0.65 m. that the selected girl owns more than 3 rings. 5
3
17B.41 HKDSE MA 2016 I- 15
If 4 boys and 5 girls randomly form a queue, find the probability that no boys are next to each other in the
Distribution of the numbers of rings
queue.
owned by the girls in the group

17B.42 HKDSE MA 2017 I 7

17B.47 HKDSE MA 2020 - I - 15
The pie chart shows the distribution of the seasons of birth of the
students in a school.

i.
Autumn In a box, there are 3 blue plates, 7 green plates and 9 purple plates. If 4 plates are randomly selected
Ifa student is randomly selected from the school, then the probability Summer from the box at the same time, find
that the selected student was born in spring is
(a) the probability that 4 plates of the same colour are selected; (3 marks)
(a) Findx.
(b) In the school, there are 180 students born in winter. Find the Winter the probability that at least 2 plates of different colours are selected. (2 marks)
(b)
number of students in the school.

Distribution of the seasons of birth

of the students in a school

17B.43 HKDSEMA2017-I 11 (Continued from lSC.48.)

The stem-and-leaf diagram shows the distribution of the Stem (tens) Leaf (units)
hourly wages (in dollars) of the workers in a group. 6 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 9 9
It is given that the mean and the range of the distribution 7 a 7 7 8
are $70 and $22 respectively. 8 b
(a) Find the median and the standard deviation of the above distribution.
(b) If a worker is randomly selected from the group, find the probability that the hourly wage of the selected
worker exceeds $70.

"' 226
 17. COUNTING PRINCIPLES AND PROBABILITY

17C Probability (structural questions) 17C.5 HKCEE MA 1986(AIB) -1-13

17C.1 HKCEE MA 1980(113) I 14 A box contains wooden blocks of 5 different shapes A, B, C, D and E. For each shape, there are 5 different
colours red, orange, yellow, green and blue. For each colour of each shape, there is one block of each of the
The examination for a professional qualification consists of a theory paper and a practical paper. To obtain
sizes L, Mand S. (Hint: There are altogether75 blocks in the box.)
the qualification, a candidate has to pass both papers. If a candidate fails in either paper, he needs only sit
that paper again. (a) When a block is picked out randomly from the box, what is the probability that it is of
(i) red colour?
The probabilities of passing the theory paper for two candidates A and B are both To and their probabilities
9
(ii) blue colour and shape C?
2 (iii) size S, shape A or E but not yellow?
of passing the practical paper are both . Find the probabilities of the following events:
3 (b) Two blocks are drawn at random from the box, one after the other. The first block drawn is put back
(a) Candidate A obtaining the qualification by sitting each paper only once. into the box before the second is drawn. Find the probability that
(b) Candidate A failing in one of the two papers but obtaining the qualification with one re-examination. (i) the first block drawn is of size Land the second block is of size S,
(c) At least one of the candidates A and B obtaining the qualification without any re-examination. (ii) one of the blocks drawn is of size Land the other of size S,
(iii) the two blocks drawn are of different sizes.

17C.2 HKCEEMA 1983(AIB) - 1-11

17C.6 HKCEE MA 1987(AIB) -1- 13
In a short test, there are 3 questions. For each question, 1 mark will be awarded for a correct answer and no
marks for a wrong answer. The probability that John correctly answers a question in the test is 0.6. Find the P, Q and R are three bags. P contains I black ball, 2 green balls and 3 white balls; Q contains 4 green balls;
probability that R contains 5 white balls. A ball is drawn at random from P and is put into Q; then a ball is drawn at random
(a) John gets 3 marks in the test, from Q and is put into R. Find the probability that
(b) John gets no marks in the test, (a) the black ball still remains in P,
(c) John gets 1 mark in the test. (b) the black ball is in Q,
(d) John gets 2 marks in the test. (c) the black ball is in R,
( d) all the balls in R are white.

17C.3 HKCEE MA 1984(AIB)-l- l l

17C.7 HKCEE MA 1988- I- 11 (Continued from lSCA.)
(a) There are two bags. Each bag contains 1 red, 1 black and 1 white ball. One ball is drawn randomly from
each bag. Find the probability that The figure shows the cumulative frequency curve of the marks of 600 students in a mathematics contest.
(i) the two balls drawn are both red; (a) From the curve, find
600
(ii) the two balls drawn are of the same colour; (i) the median, and
(iii) the two balls drawn are of different colours. (ii) the interquartile range of the
(b) A box contains 2 red, 2 black and 3 white balls. One ball is drawn randomly from the box. After putting distribution of marks.
the ball back into the box, one ball is again drawn randomly. Find the probability that (b) A student with marks greater than
(i) the two balls drawn are both red; or equal to 100 will be awarded a
(ii) the two balls drawn are of the same colour; prize.
(iii) the two balls drawn are of different colours. (i) Find the number of students
who will be awarded prizes.
(ii) If one student is chosen
17C.4 HKCEEMA 1985(AIB)-1 10 at random from the 600
(a) If two dice are thrown, students, find the probability
that the student is a prize­
(i) find the probability that the sum of the numbers on the two dice is greater than 9;
winner.
(ii) find the probability that the sum of the numbers on the two dice is greater than 9 or the numbers
(iii) If two students are chosen at
on the two dice are equal.
random, find the probability
(b) In a game, two dice are thrown. In each throw, 2 points are gained if the sum of the numbers on the that
two dice is greater than 9 or the numbers on the two dice are equal; otherwise 1 point is lost. Using the
(1) both of them are prize­
result in (a)(ii), find the probability of 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
winners,
(i) losing a total of 2 points in two throws, (2) at least one of them is a Marks Gess than)
(ii) gaining a total of 1 point in two throws. prize-winner.

227
 17. COUNTING PRINCIPLES AND PROBABILITY

17C.8 HKCEE MA 1989- I 13 17C.12 HKCEE MA 1993 I 13

(a) Bag A contains a number of balls. Some are black and the rest are white. A ball is drawn at random Legislative Council
from bag A. Let p be the probability that the ball drawn is black and q be the probability that the ball
=
drawn is white. If p 3q, find q.
(b) BagC contains 10 balls of which n (2 $ n $ 10) balls are black.

0
(i) If two balls are drawn at random from bagC, find the probability, in tenns of n, that both balls are
black.
(ii) If the probability obtained in (i) is greater that . find the possible values of n.
3
(c) Bag M contains 1 red and 1 green ball. Bag N contains 3 red and 2 green balls. A ball is drawn at
random from bag Mand put into bag N; then a ball is drawn at random from bag N. Find the probability Tuen Mun Yuen Long
that the ball drawn from bag N is red.
17C.9 HKCEE MA 1990 I 13 00
•
0
•
The figure shows 3 bags A, Band C.
Bag A contains 1 white ball (W) and 1 red ball (R). 'I'
Bag Bcontains 1 yellow ball (Y) and 2 green balls (G).
BagC contains only 1 yellow ball (Y).
(a) Peter choose one bag at random and then randomly
draws one ball from the bag. Find the probability that A B C
(i) the ball drawn is green; BagA BagB BagC
(ii) the ball drawn is yellow. Then Mun Constituency Yuen Long Constituency
(b) After Peter has drawn a ball in the way described in (a), he puts it back into the original bag. Next, Alice
In a Legislative Council election, each registered voter in a constituency (i.e. district) could select only one
chooses one bag at random and then randomly draws one ball from the bag. Find the probability that
candidate in that constituency and cast one vote for that candidate. The candidate who got the greatest
(i) the balls drawn by Peter and Alice are both green; number of valid votes won the election in that constituency.
(ii) the balls drawn by Peter and Alice are both yellow and from the same bag.
In the Tuen Mun constituency, there were 3 candidates, A, Band C. A belonged to a political party called
17C.10 HKCEEMA1991-l-10
'The Democrats';Band C belonged to a political party called 'The Liberals'.
The practical test for a driving licence consists of two independent parts, A and B. To pass the practical test,
In the Yuen Long constituency, there were 2 candidates, P and Q. P belonged to 'The Democrats' and Q
a candidate must pass in both parts. If a candidate fails in any one of these parts, the candidate may take that
belonged to 'The Liberals'.
part again. Statistics shows that the passing percentages for Part A and Part B are 70% and 60% resp ectively.
(a) A survey conducted before the election showed that the probabilities of winning the election for A, B
(a) A candidate takes the practical test Find the probabilities that the candidate
and C were respectively 0.65, 0.25 and 0.1 while the probabilities of winning the election for P and Q
(i) fails Part A on the first attempt and passes it on the second attempt,
were respectively 0.45 and 0.55. Calculate from the above data the following probabilities:
(ii) passes Part A in no more than two attempts,
(i) The elections in the Tuen Mun and Yuen Long constituencies would both be won by 'The
(iii) passes the practical test in no more than two attempts in each part.
Democrats'.
(b) In a sample of 10 000 candidates taldng the practical test, how many of them would you expect to pass (ii) The elections in the Tuen Mun and Yuen Long constituencies would both be won by the same
the practical test in no more than two attempts in each part? party.
17C.11 HKCEE MA 1992 I 10 (b) After the election, it was found that in the Tuen Mun constituency there were 40 000 valid votes of which
The figure shows a one-way road network system from Town P to Towns R, S and T. Any car leaving Town A got 70%, B got 20% and C got 10%; in the Yuen Long constituency, there were 20 000 valid votes of
P will pass though either Tunnel A or Tunnel B and arrive at Towns R, S or T via the roundabout Q. A survey which P got 40% and Q got 60%. Suppose two votes were chosen at random (one after the other with
replacement) from the 60 000 valid votes in the two constituencies. What would be the probability that
shows that � of the cars leaving P will pass through Tunnel A. The survey also shows that � of all the cars
(i) both votes came from the Tuen Mun constituency and were for 'The Democrats',
passing through the roundabout Q will arrive at R, � at S, and ; at T. (ii) both votes were for 'The Democrats',
(a) Find the probabilities that a car leaving P will (iii) the votes were for different parties?
(i) pass through Tunnel B,
(ii) not arrive at T,
(iii) arrive at R through Tunnel B,
(iv) pass through Tunnel A but not arrive at R.
(b) Two cars leave P. Find the probabilities that
(i) one of them arrives at R and the other one at S,
(ii) both of them arrive at S, one through Tunnel A
and the other one through Tunnel B.
230
 17. COUNTING PRINCIPLES AND PROBABILITY

17C.l3 HKCEE MA 1994 I 9 17C.15 HKCEEMA 1997-1-14

Siu Ming lives in Tuen Mun. He travels to school either by LRT (Light Railway Transit) or on foot. The In a small pond, there were exactly 40 small fish and 10 large fish. The ranges of their weights W g are
1 1 shown in the table.
probability of being late for school is ? if he travels by LRT and 1() if he travels on foot.
In the morning on a certain day, a man went fishing in the pond. He caught two fish and their total weight
(a) In a certain week, Siu Ming travels to school by LRT on Monday. Tuesday and Wednesday. Find the was T g. Suppose each fish was equally likely to be caught.
probability that (a) Find the probability that
(i) he will be late on all these three days; (i) 0<T:,'.200, 0<W<l00
(ii) he will not be late on all these three days. (ii) 500 :S T :S 700, 500<W<600
(b) In the same week, Siu Ming travels to school on foot on Thursday, Friday and Saturday. Find the (iii) 1000 .$ T 5 1200,
probability that (iv) T > 1200.
( i) he will be late on Thursday and Friday only in these three days; (b) Suppose the two fish he caught in the morning were returned alive to the pond. He went fishing again
(ii) he will be late on any two of these three days. in the pond in the afternoon and also caught two fish.
(c) On Sunday, Siu Ming goes to school to take part in a basketball match. If he is equally likely to travel (i) If the total weight of the fish caught in the morning was 650 g, find the probability that the differ­
by LRT or on foot, find the probability that he will be late on that day. ence between the total weights of the fish caught in the morning and in the afternoon is more than
200g.
17C.14 HKCEE MA 1995 I II
4 (ii) Find the probability that the difference between the total weights of the fish caught in the morning
If Wai Ming studies in the evening for a test the next day, the probability of him passing the test is . If he and in the afternoon is more than 200 g.
does not study in the evening for the test, he will certainly fail. 5
(a) (You may use Figure (1) to help you answer this part.)
(i) If Wai Ming studies in the evening for a test the next day, find the probability p that he will fail the
test.
(ii) If Wai Ming does not study in the evening for a test the next day, find the probability q that he will
17C.16 HKCEE MA 2002 I - 12 (Continued from 18C.11.)
pass the test and the probability r that he will fail the test.
(b) (You may use Figure (1) and Figure (2) to help you answer this part.) The cumulative frequency polygon of the distribution
There are four teams competing for the World Women·s Volleyball Championship (WWVC) with two of the numbers of books read by the participants
games in the semi-finals: China against U.S.A. and Japan against Cuba. 200
nirnn �11
�l!��·�=
The winner of each game will be competing in the final for the Championship. The four teams have an
equal chance of beating their opponents. 180
(i) Find the probability that China will win the Championship.
(ii) The final of the WWVC will be shown on television on a Sunday evening and Wai Ming has a test 16
the next day. Wai Ming will definitely watch the TV programme if China gets to the final and the

<
probability of him studying afterwards for the test is J. If China fails to get to the final, he will not
watch that programme at all and will study for the test.
(1) Find the probability that Wai Ming will study for the test.
(2) Find the probability that Wai Ming will pass the test.
4
5 Passes the test

<
Studies for the test
P Fails the test

q Passes the test

Figure (I)

<=
Does not study for the test __.::----
� Fails the test
Studies for the test

<
Watches the
TVpro1rramme
� Does not study for the test

Smdies for the test Number of books read (x)

Figure (2) Does not watch the
--- TV programme
Does not study for the test Two hundred students participated in a summer reading programme. The figure shows the cumulative fre­
quency polygon of the distribution of the numbers of books read by the participants.
231 232
 17. COUNTING PRINCIPLES AND PROBABILITY

(a) The table below shows the frequency distribution of the numbers of books read by the participants. 17C.I8 HKCEE MA 2005 I 11
Using the graph in the forure complete the table
0
Seven players take part in a men's singles tennis knock-out tournament. They are randomly assigned to the
Number of books read (x) Number of participants Award
positions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. It is known that Albert and Billy are in positions 2 and 7 respectively. The
0<x<5 66 Certificate
winner of each game proceeds to the next round as shown in the figure and the loser is knocked out. Billy
5<x<l 5 Book coupon goes straight to the semi-finals. In each game, each player has an equal chance ofbeating his opponent
15<x<25 64 Bronze medal
25<x<35 Silver medal (a) Write down the probability that Albert will reach the semi-finals.
35<x<50 10 Gold medal (b) Find the probability that Albert will be the champion.
(b) Using the graph m the figure, find the mter-quartile range of the distribution. (c) Find the probability that Albert will faj} to reach the final.
(c) Two participants were chosen randomly from those awarded with medals. Find the probability that (d) Find the probability that Albert will play against Billy in the final.
(i) they both won gold medals; Champion
(ii) they won different medals.

Albert Billy

17C.17 HKCEE MA 2003 I 16

John will participate in a contest to be held at a university. If John wins the contest, he will go to Canteen X
for lunch. Otherwise, he will go to Canteen Y. Table (1) shows the types ofset lunches and the prices served
in the two canteens. He will choose one type of set lunch randomly.
17C.19 HKCEE MA 2006 I 14 (Continued from lSC.14.)
A 40 :c;::ost-of �-s;ingleJrip ($} The stem-and-leaf diagram below show the distributions of the scores (in marks) of the students of classes A
X and B in a test, where a, b, c and d are non�negative integers less than 10. It is given that each class consists
B 50 Bus 4.5
C 15 Train 7.5 of 25 students.
y
D 20 Class A Class B
Table (1) Stem (tens) Leaf (units) Stem (tens) Leaf (units)
0 a 9 0 C 3 3 4 5
(a) If the probability of John winning the contest is �, find the probability that he will spend $15 for lunch. 2 5 7 8 8 1 2 2 3 3 5 6 7 8
1
(b) If John takes a bus leaving at 8:00 a.m. to the university, his probability of winning the contest will 2 3 3 5 6 7 9 2 1 I 5 5 5 7 8

be -/a. If he misses the bus, he will take a train leaving at 8:20 a.m. Owing to his nervousness, his 3 2 3 5 6 9 9 9
4 1 2 2 4 b
3 5 9
4 d
probability of winning will be reduced to �. (a) (i) Find the inter�quartilerange of the score distribution ofthe students ofclass A and the inter-quartile
range of the score distribution of the students ofclass B.
( i) Suppose John misses the bus, find the probability that he will spend $15 for lunch. (ii) Using theresults of (a)(i), state which one ofthe above score distributions is less dispersed. Explain
(ii) Table (2) shows the cost of a single trip by bus or train. your answer.
It is known that the probability of John taldng the bus is twice that of taking the train.
(b) The passing score of the test is 20 marks. From the 50 students, 3 students are randomly selected.
(1) Find the probability that John will spend $15 for lunch after the contest. (i) Find the probability that exactly 2 of the selected students pass the test.
(2) If John goes home by train after lunch, find the probability that he will spend more than a total
(ii) Find the probability that exactly 2 of the selected students pass the test and both of them are in the
of $30 for the lunch and the transportation of the two trips.
same class.
(iii) Given that exactly 2 of the selected students pass the test, find the probability that both of them are
in the same class.

234
 7
1 COUNTING
. PRINCIPLES AND PROBABILITY

17C.20 HKCEE MA 2007 I- 15 17C.22 HKCEE MA 2009 -1- 14

The following table shows the result.s of a survey about the sizes of shirts dressed by 80 students on a certain The frequency distribution table shows the lifetime (in hours) of a batch of randomly chosen light bulbs of
school day. brand A and a batch of randomly chosen light bulbs of brand B.

�ze Small Medium Large Total

Frequency
Student Lifetime (x hours) Brand A Brand B
Boy 8 28 12 48 1000$x< 1100 8 4
Girl 20 8 4 32 I!00 '.". x < 1200 50 12
1200<x< 1300 42 40
(a) On that school day, a student is randomly selected from the 80 students. 1 00Sox< 4
3 1 00 10 36
(i) Find the probability that the selected student is a boy. 1400$x< 1500 10 28
(ii) Find the probability that the selected student is a boy and he dresses a shirt of large size. (a) According to the above frequency distnbutl.on, which brand of hght bulbs is likely to have a longer
(iii) Find the probability that the selected student is a boy or the selected student dresses a shirt of large lifetime? Explain your answer.
size. (b) If the lifetime of a light bulb is not less than 300
1 hours, then the light bulb is classified as good.
(iv) Given that the selected student is a boy, find the probability that he dresses a shirt of large size. Otherwise, it is classified as acceptable.
(b) On the school day, two students are randomly selected from the 80 student.s. (i) If a light bulb is randomly chosen from the batch oflight bulbs of brand A, find the probability that
(i) Find the probability that the two selected students both dress shirts of large size. the chosen light bulb is acceptable.
(i i) Is the probability of dressing shirts of the same size by the two selected students greater than that (ii) Iftwo light bulbs are randomly chosen from the batch oflight bulbs of brand A, find the probability
of dressing different sizes? Explain your answer. that at least one of the two chosen light bulbs is good.
(iii) The following 2 methods describe how 2 Iight bulbs are chosen from the 2 batches of light bulbs.
Method 1: One batch is randomly selected from the two batches of light bulbs and two light bulbs
are then randomly chosen from the selected batch.
Method 2: One light bulb is randomly chosen from each of the two batches of light bulbs.
Which one of the above two methods should be adopted in order to have a greater chance of
17C.21 HKCEE MA 2008-1-14 (fo continue as ISC.17.) choosing at least one good light bulb? Explain your answer.
The stem�and-leaf diagram below shows the suggested bonuses (in dollars) of the
36 salesgirls of a boutique:
Stem (thousands) Leaf (hundreds)
2 4 4 7
3 25 6 6 8
433344 7 8 8 8
50 0344 6 17C.23 HKCEEMA 2010-l-14
6 23344 99
7 0 44 8 An athlete, Alice, of a school gets the following results (in seconds ) in IO practices of 1500m race:
8 23 279, 280, 264. 267, 3, 28 28!, 28!, 266. 284. 265
(a) The suggested bonus of each salesgirl of the boutique is based on her perfonnance. The following table (a) Two results are randomly selected from the above results.
shows the relation between level of perfonnance and suggested bonus: (i) Find the probability that both the best two results are not selected.
teverOf;perf6mfance , S'u'ggestectboni.ij ($x) - (ii) Find the probability that only one of the best two results is selected.
Excellent X > 6500 (iii) Find the probability that at most one of the best two results is selected.
Good 5
4 00< X < 6500
(b) Another athlete, Betty, of the school gets the following results (in seconds) in 10 practices of 1500m
Fair X<5 4 00
race: 272, 269. 275, 274, 273, 274. 270, 275, 266, 272
(i) From the 36 salesgirl, one of them 1s randomly selected. Given that the level of perfonnance of the Alice and Betty will represent the school to participate in the 1500m race in the inter-school athletic
selected salesgirl is good, find the probability that her suggested bonus is less than $5500. meet.
(ii) From the36 salesgirls, two of them are randomly selected. (i) Which athlete is likely to get a better result? Explain your answer.
(1) Find the probability that the level ofperfonnance of one selected salesgirl is excellent and that (ii) The best record of the 1500m race in the past inter-school athletic meets is 267 seconds. Which
of the other is good. athlete has a greater chance of breaking the record? Explain your answer.
(2) Find the probability that the levels of performance of the two selected salesgirls are different.

236
 17. COUNTING PRINCIPLES AND PROBABILITY

17C.24 HKCEE MA
2011-1-14 17C.27 HKALE MS 1998 - 3 (Continued from lSB.12.)
In a bank, the queuing times (in minutes) of 12 customers are recorded as follows: 40students participate in a S�day summer camp. The stem�and-leaf diagrain below shows the distribution of
5.1,5.2, 5.4 6.
, 16. , 7, 7.1, 7.4,7.77. , 8,
8 .4,9.0,0 1 .1 heights in cm of these students.
It is found that if the queuing time of a customer in the bank is less than
8 minutes, then the probability that (a) Find the median of the distribution of heights.
the customer makes a complaint is �. Otherwise, the probability that the customer makes a complaint is } . (b) A student is to be selected randomly to hoist the school flag every day during the camp. Find the
probability that Stem (tens) Leaf (units)
(a) If a customer is randomly selected from the 12 customers, find the probability that the selected customer
does not make a complaint (i) the fourth day will be the first 13 8
time that a student taller than 14 1 56 9
(b) Two customers are now randomly selected from the 12 customers. 1501344455678 8 9
170 cm will be selected,
(i) If the queuing ti.me of the selected customer is less than
8 minutes and the queuing time of the other 61 1 23 3456 7 78 8
(ii) out of the5 selected students,
customer is not less than
8 minutes, find the probability that both of them do not make complaints. 1702 234567_
exactly
3 are taller than 7 1 cm.
0
(ii) Find the probability that the queuing times of both of the selected customers are not less than 8 18 1 4
minutes and both of the m do not make complaints.
(iii) Is the probability of not making complaints by the two selected customers greater than the proba­
bility of making complaints by both of them? Explain your answer.

17C.25 HKALE MS
1994 11 17C.28 HKALEMS 1998-5
A day is regarded as humid if the relative humidity is over80% and is regarded as dry otherwise. In city K, John and Mary invite
8 friends to their Christmas party.
the probability of having a humid day 0.7.
is (a) When playing a game, all of the 1 0participants are arranged in a row. Find the number of arrangements
(a) Assume that whether a day is dry or humid is independent from day to day. that can be made if
(i) Find the probability of having exactly
3 dry days in a week. (i) there is no restriction,
(ii) [Outofsyllabus] (ii) John and Mary are next to each other.
(iii) Today is dry. What is the probability of having two or more humid days before the next dry day? (b) By the end of the party, the participants are arranged in
2 rows of5 in order to take a photograph. Find
(b) After some research, it is known that the relative humidity in city K depends solely on that of the the number of arrangements that can be made if
previous day. Given a dry day, the probability that the following day is dry 0.
is 9 and given a humid day, (i) there is no restriction,
the probability that the following day is humid 0.
is 8. (ii) John and Mary are next to each other.
(i) If it is dry on March 19 , what is the probability that it will be humid on March 20 and dry on
March 21?
(ii) If it is dry on March 91 ,what is the probability that it will be dry on March
21?
(iii) Suppose it is dry on both March 19 and March 21. What is the probability that it is humid on
March 0 2 ?
17C.29 HKALE MS 91 99 - 7
Three control towers A, B and Care in telecommunication contact by means of A
17C.26 HKALE MS 1995-11 three cables X, Y and Z as shown in the figure.A and B remain in contact only if Z
is operative or if both cables X and Y are operative. Cables X, Y and Z are subject
Madam Wong purchases cartons of oranges from a supplier every day. Her buying policy is to randomly
select five oranges from a carton and accept the carton if all five are not rotten. Under usual circumstances,
to failure in any one day with probabilities0.00. 5
1 0, 25and 0.03 respectively.
0 z y
Such failures occurs independently.
2 % of the oranges are rotten.
(a) Find, 4to significant figures, the probability that, on a particular day,
(a) Find the probability that a carton of oranges will be rejected by Madrun Wong.
(i) both cables X and Z fail to operate,
(b) [Outofsyllabus] B X C
(ii) all cables X, Y and Z fail to operate,
(c) Today, Madam Wong has a target of buying 20 acceptable cartons of oranges from the supplier. Instead (iii) A and B will not be able to make contact.
of applying the stopping rule in (b), she will keep on inspecting the cartons until her target is achieved.
(b) Given that cable X fans to operate on a particular day, what is the probability that A and B are not able
Unfortunately, the supplier has a stock of
22 cartons only.
to make contact?
(i) Find the probability that she can achieve her target.
(c) Given that A and Bare not able to make contact on a particular day, what is the probability that cableX
(ii) Assuming she can achieve her target, find the probability that she needs to inspect
20 cartons only.
has failed?
(d) The supplier would like to import oranges of better quality so that each carton will have at least95%a
probability of being accepted by Madain Wong. If r% of these oranges are rotten, find the greatest
acceptable value of r.

237 238
 17. COUNTING PRINCIPLES AND PROBABILITY

17C.30 HKALE MS 2002 7 (Continued from lSB.13.) 17C.33 HKALE MS 2005 - 6

Twenty two students in a class attended an examination. The stem-and-leaf diagram below shows the distri­ Mrs. Wong has 12 bottles of fruit juice in her kitchen: I bottle of grape juice, 6 bottles of apple juice and
bution of the examination marks of these students. 5 bottles of orange juice. She randomly chooses 4 bottles to serve her friends, Ann, Billy, Christine and
Stem (tens) Leaf (units) Donald.
(a) Find the mean of the examination marks.
3 5 7 (a) Find the probability that exactly 2 bottles of orange juice are chosen by Mrs. Wong.
(b) Two students left the class after the examination and their marks 4 2 4 6
are deleted from the stem-and-leaf diagram. The mean of the (b) Suppose that each of the four friends randomly selects a bottle of fruit juice from the 4 bottles offered
5 0 3 4 4 4 5
remaining marks is then increased by 1.2 and there are two modes. by Mrs. Wong.
6 1 2 5 5 8
Find the two deleted marks. 7 3 8 9 (i) If only 2 of the bottles of fruit juice offered by Mrs. Wong are orange juice, find the probability
(c ) Two students are randomly selected from the remailllng 20 8 4 8 that both Ann and Billy select orange juice.
students. Find the probability that their marks are both higher 9 5 (ii) Find the probability that fewer than 4 of the bottles offruit juice offered by Mrs. Wong are orange
than 75. juice and both Ann and Billy select orange juice.

17C.31 HKALE MS 2003 - 11

In a game, two boxes A and Beach contains n balls which are numbered 1,2, ...,n. A player is asked to draw
a ball randomly from each box. If the number drawn from box A is greater than that from box B, the player 17C.34 HKALEMS20l0-5 (Continued from ISB.14.)
wins a prize.
The following stem-and-leaf diagram shows the distribution of the test scores of21 students taking a statistics
(a) Find the probability that the two numbers drawn are the same.
course. Letx be the mean of these 21 scores.
(b) Let p be the probability that a player wins the prize. It is known that if the smallest value of these 21 scores is removed, the range is decreased by 27 and the
(i) Find, in tenns of p only, the probability that the number drawn from box Bis greater than that from mean is increased by 2.
boxA.
(a) Find the values of a, b and .i. Stem (Tens) Leaf (Uruts)
(ii) Using the result of (i), express p in tenns of n.
(iii) If the above game is designed so that at least 46% of the players win the prize, find the least value
(b) The teacher wants to select 6 students to participate in a 2 a
competition by first excluding the student with the lowest 3
ofn.
score. Ifthe students are randomly selected, find the prob- 4 9
(c) Two winners, John and Mary, are selected to play another game. They take turns to throw a fair six-sided ability that there will be 5 0 0 1 3 7 7
die. The first player who gets a number '6' wins the game. John will throw the die first. 6 0 2 3 5 5 5 9
0) no students with score higher than 70 begin selected;
(i) Find the probability that John will win the game on his third throw. 7 0 3 4 9
(ii) at least 2 students with scores higher than 70 being
(ii) Find the probability that John will win the game. selected. 8 2 b
(iii) Given that Mary has won the game, find the probability that Mary did not win the game before her
third throw.

17C.32 HKALE MS 2004- 11

A manufacturer of brand C potato chips runs a promotion plan. Each packet of brand C potato chips contains 17C.35 HKAlEMS 2012-6 (Continued from 18c.35.)
either a red coupon or a blue coupon. Four red coupons can be exchanged for a toy. Five blue coupons can be An educational psychologist adopts the Internet Addiction Test to measure the students' level of Internet ad­
exchanged for a lottery ticket. It is known that 30% of the packets contain red coupons and the rest contain diction. The scores of a random sample of 30 students are presented in the following stem-and-leaf diagram.
blue coupons. Let u be the standard deviation ofthe scores. It is known that the mean of the scores is 71 and the range of
(a) Find the probability that a lottery ticket can be exchanged only when the 6th packet ofbrand C potato the scores is 56.
chips has been opened. Stem (tens) Leaf (units)
(a) Find the values of a, band a. 3 a
(b} A person buys 10 packets of brand C potato chips. (b) The psychologist classifies those scoring between 73 4
(i) Find the probability that at least 1 toy can be exchanged. and 100 as excessive Internet users. If 4 students are 5 2 4 6 8
(ii) Find the probability that exactly 1 toy and exactly I lottery ticket can be exchanged. selected randomly from the excessive Internet users 6 0 3 5 6 7 8 8 9
(iii) Given that at least 1 toy can be exchanged, find the probability that exactly 1 lottery ticket can also among the students, find the probability that 3 of 7 1 2 2 4 5 5 6 8
be exchanged. them will have scores higher than 80. 8 0 2 3 5 8
(c) Two persons buy 10 packets of brand C potato chips each. Assume that they do not share coupons or (c} [Outofsyllabus] 9 0 2 b
exchange coupons with each other.
(i) Find the probability that they can each get at least 1 toy.
(ii) Find the probability that one of them can get at least 1 toy and the other can get 2 lottery tickets.

239 240
 17. COUNTING PRINCIPLES AND PROBABILITY

17C.36 HKALE MS 2013 - 11 17C.38 HKDSEMA2014-l-19

Accordmg to the school regulation, air-conditioners can only be switched on if the temperature at 8 am Ada and Billy play a game consisting of two rounds. In the first round, Ada and Billy take turns to throw a
exceeds 26°C. From past experience, the probability that the temperature at 8am does NOT exceed 26° C fair die. The player who first gets a number '3' wins the first round. Ada and Billy play the first round until

IIIIIIIII
is q (q > 0). Assume that there are five school days in a week. For two consecutive school days, the one of them wins. Ada throws the die first.
7
probability that the air-conditioners are switched on for not more than one day is . (a) Find the probabilitythatAda wins tbefirst round of the game.
16
(a} (i) Show that the probability that the air-conditioners are switched on for not more than one day on (b) In the second round of the game, balls are dropped one by one
two consecutive school days is 2q- c?. into a device containing eight tubes arranged side by side (see
'--'�-'--����
(ii) Find the value of q. the figure). When a ball is dropped into the device, it falls
randomly into one of the tubes. Each tube can hold at most
(b) The air-conditioners are said to befully engaged in a week if the air-conditioners are switched on for all
three balls.
five school days in a week.
The player of this round adopts one of the following two options.
( i) Find the probability that the fifth week is the second week that the air-conditioners are fully
engaged. Option 1: Two balls are dropped one by one into the device. If the two balls fall into
the same tube, then the player gets 10 tokens. If the two balls fall into two
(ii) [Out of syllabus]
adjacent tubes, then the player gets 5 tokens. Otherwise, the player gets no
(c) On a certain day, the temperature at 8am exceeds 26°C and all the 5 classrooms on the first floor are tokens.
reserved for class activities after school. There are 2 air-conditioners in each classroom. The number Option 2: Three balls are dropped one by one into the device. If the three balls fall into
of air-conditioners being switched off in the classroom after school depends on the number of students the same tube, then the player gets 50 tokens. If the three balls fall into three
staying in the classroom. Assume that the number of students in each classroom is independent. adjacent tubes, then the player gets 10 tokens. If the three balls fall into two
Case I II m adjacent tubes, then the player gets 5 tokens. Otherwise, the player gets no
Number of air-conditioners being switched off 2 1 0 tokens.
Probability 0.25 0.3 0.45
.. ..
(i) What is the probab1bty that all arr-condit:J.oners are switched off on the first floor after school?
(i) If tbe player of the second round adopts Option 1, find the expected number of tokens got.
(ii) Which option should the player of the second round adopt in order to maximise the expected
(ii) Find the probability that there are exactly 2 classrooms with no air-conditioners being switched off number of tokens got? Explain your answer.
and at most l classroom with exactly 1 air-conditioner being switched off on the first floor after
(iii) Only the winner of the first round plays the second round. It is given that the player of the second
school.
round adopts the option which can maximise the expected number of tokens got. Billy claims that
(iii) Given that there are 6 air-conditioners being switched off on the first floor after school, find the the probability of Ada getting no tokens in the game exceeds 0.9. Is the claim correct? Explain
probability that at least l classroom has no air-conditioners being switched off. your answer.

17C.37 HKDSE MA 2013 I - 10 (Continued from lSC.41.)

The ages of the members of Committee A are shown as follows:
17 18 21 21 22 22 23 23 23 31
31 34 35 36 47 47 58 68 69 69
(a) Write down the median and the mode of the ages of the members of Committee A.
(b) The stem-and-leaf diagram shows the distribution of the ages of the members of Committee B.
given that the range of this distnOution is 47.
Stem (tens} Leaf (units}
(i) Find a and b.
2 a 5 6 7
(ii) From each committee, a member is randomly selected as the
3 3 3 8
representative of that committee. The two representatives can
join a competition when the difference of their ages exceeds 40. 4 3
Find the probability that these two representatives can join the 5 2 9
competition. 6 7 b

241 242
 18. STATISTICS

ISA.3 H KCEEMA 1985(AIB)-l- 7

The pie-chart in the figure shows the distribution of traffic accidents in H.K. Island
18 Statistics Hong Kong in 1983. There were4200 traffic accidents on H.K. Island,
9240 accidents in Kowloon and n accidents in the New Territories. Kowloon
90°
0
Find n andx. x New
erritories
ISA Presentation of data
ISA.I HKCEE MA 1982(1)-I- 7
In a certain school, the numbers of students living on Hong Kong ISA.4 HKCEEMA 1998-I IO
Island, in Kowloon and the New Territories are in the ratios The cumulative frequency polygon of the clistn"bution of test scores of 200 students
2: 7: 3. The pie-chart in the figure shows the distribution. Hong Kong
200
Island
(a) Findx,yandz.
(b) If the number of students living on Hong Kong Island is 240,
find the total number of students in the school. 180
0
New
z Territories
Kowloon
160

140.

ISA.2 HKCEEMA !982(3)-1-12

" 120,

100
items
Savings 80
Savings
60° ,o

60
Rent
Rent Food Food
40
Figure (1) Figure (2)
(a) The pie-chart in Figure (1) shows how Mr Wong's income was distributed between his expenses and 20
savings forMarch. If his rent is $2000, findMr Wong's income for that month.
(b) The table below shows the percentage changes when each item of Mr Wong's expenses in April is 0
compared with that inMarch 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Miscellaneous Test score (x)
Item Food Rent Travelling Education Savings
items
Two hundred students took a test inMathematics. The figure shows the cumulative frequency polygon of the
Percentage Increased Increased Increased
No change No change ? distribution of the test scores.
Change by 10% by30% by 30%
(a) Complete the tables below
The pie-chart in Figure (2) shows how Mr Wong's income was distributed between his expenses and
Test score (x) Cumulative frequency Test score (x) Frequency
savings for April.
x<50 8 40<x<50 8
(i) Suppose thatMr Wong's income inMarch and April were the same. x<60 50 50<x<60 42
(1) Findx,yandzinFigure(2). x<?0 60<x<70
(2) Calculate the percentage change in Mr Wong's savings for April when compared with those x<80 70<x<80
forMarch. x<90 !88 80<x<90 30

..
(ii) IfMr Wong's income in April actually increased by 37.5%, what percentage of his income in April x<100 200 90<x<100 12
was spent on food? (b) If the passing score 1s 55, estimate the passing percentage of the students m the test.
,
 18. STATISTICS

18A5 HKCEEMA 1999-1-11 Placement of the 120 boys 18A.8 HKDSEMA SP-1-9
A school conducted a survey on the placement of her S.5 graduates Promoted to In the figure, the pie chart shows the distribution of the
last year. There were 200 graduates, of which 120 were boys and 80 Districts
S.6 in other numbers of traffic accidents occurred in a city in a year.
were girls. The placement of the boys was shown in the figure. schools In that year, the number of traffic accidents occurred in
(a) Fmd the number of boys who repeated S.S. District A is 20% greater than that in District B.
(b) Among all the boys promoted to S.6, what percentage of them (a) Findx.
was promoted in their own school? 18° Others
Repeated (b) Is the number of traffic accidents occurred in District
(c) The result of the survey also showed that 22.5% of the girls S.5 126° A greater than that in District C? Explain your answer.
were promoted to S.6 in their own school. Find the percentage Promoted to
of graduates promoted to S.6 in their own school. S.6 in own
school
The distribution of the numbers of traffic accidents
18A.6 HKCEE MA 2006 I 9 occurred in the city
In the figure, the pie chart shows the expenditure of Ada in
February 2006. It is given that she spent $1750 on transportation 18A.9 HKDSEMA PP I - 13 (Continued from 17B.34.)
in that month. Find
The bar chart below shows the distribution of the most favourite fruits of the students in a group. It is given
(a) x, that each student has only one most favourite fruit.
(b) her total expenditure in that month, Distribution of the most favourite fruits of the students in the group
(c) her expenditure on travelling in that month.
11

The expenditure of Ada in February 2006

18A.7 HKCEE MA 2007 - I 12

The bar chart and pie chart in the figure show the distribution of the numbers of keys owned by the students
in class A. The numbers of students having 2 keys, 3 keys and 4 keys are 12, 17 and k respectively.
Distribution of the numbers of keys owned by the students in class A Apple Banana Orange Papaya Pear
Fruit
If a student is randomly selected from the group, the probability that the most favourite fruit is apple is }0.
(a) Find k.
(b) Suppose that the above distribution is represented by a pie chart.
(i) Find the angle of the sector representing that the most favourite fruit is orange.
(ii) Some new students now join the group and the most favourite fruit of each of these students is
153°
orange. Will the angle of the sector representing that the most favourite fruit is orange be doubled?
3 keys Explain your answer.
lSA.10 HKDSE MA 2016 I 9 (fo continue as 17B.40.)
2 3 4
The frequency distribution table and the cumulative frequency distribution table below show the distribution
Number of keys
of the heights of the plants in a garden.
(a) Find the value of k. I I
Height (m} Frequency I I I
Height less than (m) Cumulative frequency I
(b) Find the nwnber of students in class A. 0.1-0.3 a 0.35 2
(c) Find the probability that a randomly selected student in class A has only I key. 0.4-0.6 4 0.65 X

(d) It is given that the numbers of students in class A and class B are the same. The distributions of the 0.7-0.9 b 0.95 13
numbers of keys owned by the students in class A and class B are also the same. The two classes are 1.0-1.2 C 1.25 y
now combined to form a group. On each of the bar chart and the pie chart in the figure, is there a 1.3-1.5 15 1.55 37
modification needed in order that the statistical chart can show the distribution of the numbers of keys 1.6-1.8 3 1.85 z
owned by the students in this group? ff your answer is 'yes', write down the modification needed. (a) Findx,yandz.
246 246
 18. STATISTICS

18B Measures of central tendency 18B.7 HKCEEMA 1996-1-14

18B.l (HKCEE MA 1983(B)- I- 3) A youth centre has done a survey on the amount of money $x teenagers spent on buying clothes for Christmas.
Class of Marks Number of Students The results of the survey are shown in Tables (1) and (2).
The table shows the distribution of the marks of 1000 students in 40-49 100
a mathematics test: Table (1) The amount of money spent by boys Table (2) The amount of money spent by girls
50-59 300
on buying clothes for Christmas on buying clothes for Christmas
(a) Find the class mark of the class 50-59. 60 69 400
70-79 200 ,·;-,·,.i:.·<·•:._.,_/ iFrequii:,riC)t-;, Peci,ent,ge (%) 1:·:, :'.f(_', '.>'; ��:••-�;> '.... _: (t]ff�cj'tj¢iicy\i ":P:�!J.�if(%�lf
(b) Estimate the mean of the distribution of marks.
0 70 20.0 81 15.0
0<x<200 17 4.9 0 <x< 200 51 9.4
18B.2 HKCEE MA 1984(AIB) -1- 2 200<xS:400 48 13.7 200<x<400 135 25.0
The table shows the distribution of the marks of a group of students in a short test: 400<x<600 83 � 400<x<600 87 16.1
600<x<800 92 26.3 600<x<800 74 13.7
If the mean of the distribution is 3, find the ,----.M.:,, :ckc:,c--,--�.--,--c,2-r-,3;--r-4:.--i----.5-c - i
value ofx. 800<x< 1000 36 10.3 S00<x< 1000 56 10.4
1-;cN"om
= f"St"o"de=n"'t,c+---,l o"+-�1"0;-t-, 5-+--2;;;0:-t--cx:-7
be","o"" 4
X > 1000 I.I x> 1000 57 10.5
Total frequency- 350 Total frequency- 541
(a) A number m Table (1) was accidentally covered m m.k. What should this number be?
18B.3 HKCEEMA 1986(AIB)-l-3 (b) Explain why the sum of the percentages in Table (2) is 100.1 instead of 100.
Class No. of Students Average Mark
The table shows the number of students in three classes of a F.5A 40 61 (c) The cumulative frequency polygon of the distribution of x (x � 1000) for girls is drawn in Figure (3).
school and their average marks in a test. F.5B X 70 (i) Construct the cumulative frequency table of the distribution of x (x � 1000) for boys.
If the overall average mark of the three classes is 60, find x. F.5C 35 50 (ii) On the same graph (Figure (3)), draw the cumulative frequency polygon of the distribution in (i).
(iii) Find the medians of x for boys and girls respectively in this survey.
18B.4 HKCEEMA 1991 l-1 (iv) Estimate the total number of teenagers in this survey spending not more than $700 on buying
80
/
clothes for Christmas.
In the figure, the cumulative frequency polygon shows the distri­
bution of the marks of 80 students in aMathematics test. 70 (d) By considering the percentages in Tables (1) and (2), find evidence to support the statement
·'In this survey, more boys did not spend any money on buying clothes for Christmas."
(a) From the figure, write down the median of the distribution. '
» 60 Explain briefly why we have to consider the percentages instead of the frequencies.
(b} Complete the table below.
Hence find the mean mark of the students in the test. �a 50 The cumulative frequency polygon
of the distribution of x (x � 100) for girls
Marks No. of students � 40
20-29 "-§
30-39 § 30
40-49 8 20
50 59
60-69 10 I/ 500

I/ »
400
0 19.5 29.5 39.5 49.5 59.5 69.5
Marks
"'" 300
18B.S HKCEEMA 1992- I - 8
In a sports competition, the mean score of a team of m men and n women is 70.
u 200
(a) Find the total score of the team in terms of m and n.
(b) If the mean score of the men is 75 and the mean score of the women is 62, find the ratio m: n.
!00
(c) If there are altogether 39 persons in the team, find the number of men.

18B.6 HKCEEMA 1994-1- l(d)

0 200 400 600 800 !000
The marks scored by eleven students in a mathematics quiz are as follows:
10 w � � � � e e e m m.
X

Figure (3)
Find (i} the mean, (ii) the mode and (iii} the median of the above marks.

247 248
 18. STATISTICS

18B.8 HKCEE MA I 999 I - 8 lSB.11 HKCEE MA 2006 I 8 (To continue as 17B.8.)

The heights of 6 students are xcm, 161 cm, 168 cm, 159 cm, 161 cm and 152 cm. The mean height of these There are ten cards numbered 2, 3, 5, 8, 11, 11, 12, 15, 19 and k respectively, where k is a positive integer. It
students is 158 cm. is given that the mean of the ten numbers is 11.
(a) Findx. (a) Find the value of k.
(b) Find the median of the heights of these students. lSB.12 HKALEMS 1998-3 (To continue as 17c.27.)
lSB.9 HKCEEMA 2000 I 11 40 students participate in a 5-day summer Stem (tens) Leaf (units)
camp. The stem-and-leaf diagram below 13 8
The figure shows the cumulative frequency polygon of the distribution of the lengths of75 songs.
shows the distribution of heights in cm of 14 1 5 6 9
(a) Complete the tables below these students. 15 0 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 7 8 8 9
Length Cumulative Length (a) Find the median of the distribution of 16 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 8
Frequency
(t seconds) frequency (t seconds)
17 0 2 2 3 4 5 6 7
heights.
t <220 3 200<t<220 3 18 4
t <240 16 220<t<240 13
t <260 46 240 <t <260 30 18B.13 HKALEMS 2002-7 (To continue as 17C.30.)
t <280 260<t<280 Twenty two students in a class attended an examination. The stem-and-leaf diagram below shows the distri­
t :::;300 75 280<t<300 9 bution of the examination marks of these students.
(b) Find an estimate of the mean of the distnbut:ton. Stem (tens) Leaf(units)
(a) Find the mean of the examination marks. 3 5 7
(c) Estimate from the cumulative frequency polygon the median of the distribution.
(b) Two students left the class after the examination and their marks 4 2 4 6
(d) "What percentage of these songs have lengths greater than 220 seconds but not greater than 260 seconds? are deleted from the stem-and-leaf diagram. The mean of the 5 0 3 4 4 4 5
The cumulative frequency polygon of the distribution of the lengths of 75 songs remaining marks is then increased by 1.2 and there are two modes. 6 2 5 5 8
80 Find the two deleted marks. 7 3 8 9
8 4 8
70 9 5
lSB.14 HKALEMS 2010 5 (To continue as 17C.34.)
60
The following stem-and-leaf diagram shows the distribution of the test scores of21 students taking a statistics
50 course. Let.i be the mean of these 21 scores.
It is known that if the smallest value of these 21 scores is removed, the range is decreased by 27 and the
40 mean is increased by 2.
Stem (Tens) Leaf (Units)
(a) Find the values of a, band i. 2 a
30
3
20 4 9
5 0 0 I 3 7 7
6 0 2 3 5 5 5 9
7 0 3 4 9
8 2 b
200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300
lSB.15 HKDSEMASP-1-14
Length (seconds)
The data below show the percentages of customers who bought newspaper A from a magazine stall in city H
for five days randomly selected in a certain week:
62% 63% 55% 62% 58%
lSB.10 HKCEE MA 2003 - I 11
(a) Find the median and the mean of the above data.
(a) For the set of data 10, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, find
(b) Let a% and b% be the percentages of customers who bought newspaper A from the stall for the other
(i) the mode,
two days in that week. The two percentages are combined with the above data to form a set of seven
(ii) the median,
data.
(iii) the mean,
(i) Write down the least possible value of the median of the combined set of seven data.
(iv) the range.
(ii) It is known that the median and the mean of the combined set of seven data are the same as that
(b) Four unknown data are combined with the six data in (a) to form a set of ten data. found in (a). Write down one pair of possible values of a and b.
(i) Find the least and the greatest possible values of the median of the combined set of ten data (c) The stall-keeper claims that since the median and the mean found in (a) exceed 50%, newspaper A has
(ii) If the mean of the four unknown data is 11, find the mean of the combined set of ten data. the largest market share among the newspapers in city H. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
249 250
 18. STATISTICS

18B.16 HKDSE MA 2012- I - 10 18B.19 HKDSE MA 2019-1-8 (lb continue as 17B.46.)

Tom conducts a survey on the numbers of hours spent on doing homework in a week by secondary students. The pie chart below shows the dlstribution of the numbers of rings
Questionnaires are sent out and twenty of them are returned. The stem-and-leaf diagram below shows the owned by the girls in a group.
numbers of hours recorded in the twenty questionnaires: (a) Write down the mode of the distribution. 7
Stem (tens) Leaf (units) (b) Find the mean of the distribution. 2
1 0 0 I 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 6 7 7
2 0 0 0 5 8
5
3 4 6
(a) Find the mean and the median of the numbers of hours recorded in the twenty questionnaires.
(b) Tom receives four more questionnaires. He finds that the mean of the numbers of hours recorded in
these four questionnaires is 18. It is found that the numbers of hours recorded in two of these four Distribution of the numbers of rings
questionnaires are 19 and 20. owned by the girls in the group
(i) Write down the mean of the numbers of hours recorded in the twenty-four questionnaires.
(ii) Is it possible that the median of the nwnbers of hours recorded in the twenty-four questionnaires is
the same as the median found in (a)? Explain your answer.

18B.17 HKDSEMA2016-I-12
The bar chart below shows the distribution of the ages of the children in a group, where a> 11 and 4 < b < 10.
The median of the ages of the children in the group is 7 5.
Distribution of the ages of the children in the group

II

8 10
Age
(a) Find a and b.
(b) Four more children now join the group. It is found that the ages of these four children are all different
and the range of the ages of the children in the group remains unchanged. Find
(i) the greatest possible median of the ages of the children in the group,
(ii) the least possible mean of the ages of the children in the group.

18B.18 HKDSE MA 2018 -I - II

The following table shows the distribution of the numbers of children of some families:
Number of children O I 2 3 4
Number offamilies k 2 9 6 7
It is given that k is a positive integer.
(a) If the mode of the distribution is 2, write down
(i) the least possible value of k;
(ii) the greatest possible value of k.
(b) If the median of the distribution is 2, write down
(i) the least possible value of k;
(ii) the greatest possible value of k.
(c) If the mean of the distribution is 2, find the value of k.
2S1 252
 18. STATISTICS

18C Measures of dispersion 18C.4 HKCEE MA 1988 -1- l l (To continue as 17C.7.)
18C.l HKCEEMA 1980(3) - 1 - 8 The figure below shows the cumulative frequency curve of the marks of 600 students in a mathematics
Two classes. A and B, each of 40 students, took a test. CLASSA CLASSB contest.
In the test, students may score 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 600
or 9 marks. In the figure, the distribution of marks of
class A is shown in the bar chart on the left of PQ and
that of classB is shown on the right. 500
(a) Find, by inspection, which class has a greater 6
standard deviation of marks.
5 400
(b) If 70 students from the two classes pass the test,
what is the minimum mark that a student should 4
get in order to obtain a pass? 3
" 300
2 ·p

200

100

Number of students
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Marks (less than)
18C.2 HKCEEMA 1981(1)-1-6 100
(a) From the curve, find
The figure shows the cumulative frequency (i) the median, and
polygon ofthe marks obtained by 100 students (ii) the interquartile range of the distribution of marks.
80
taldng a mathematics test.
�
(a) If75% of the students pass the test, what
is the pass mark, correct to the nearest
60 18C.5 HKCEE MA 1990-1-12
integer?
(b) If the pass mark were 40, how many (a) The distribution of the monthly salaries of 100 employees in a firm is shown in the histogram in the
students would pass the test? figure.
40
(c) Find the inter-quartile range. (i) Find the modal class, median, mean, interquartile range and mean deviation (out of syllabus) of
the monthly salaries of the 100 employees.
(ii) Now the firm employs 10 more employees whose monthly salaries are all $6500. Will the standard
20
deviation of the monthly salaries of all the employees in the firm become greater, smaller or remain
unchanged? Explain briefly.
Distribution of monthly salaries of 100 employees
(b) The mean of 7 numbers x1, x2, ... , x1 is

i
0 20 40 60 80 100 X and the squares of the deviations from X 20
are 9, 4, 1, 0, 1, 4, 9 respectively. Find the 20
Marks 5
standard deviation of the 7 numbers. 15.. 1 15 15
[not mandatoryJ � JO
'o IO IO r,;7.._
18C.3 HKCEEMA l 983(A) -I - 3 i 5 7 8 8 7

Given five real numbers a - 6, a, a+ 2, a+ 3, a+ 6, find o 2000 3000 4000 sooo 6000 1000 sooo 9000 100001 1 ooo
(a) the mean, Monthly Salaries ($)
(b) the standard deviation.

253 254
 18. STATISTICS

18C.6 HKCEE MA 1993 I 7 18C.7 HKCEEMA 1995-1-9

The following frequency table shows the distribution of the scores of 200 students in a Mathematics exami­ The cumulative frequency polygon in the figure shows the distribution of the yearly average scores of all the
nation. Secondary 2 students in School A.
Frequency Table Cumulative Frequency Table (a) Find
Score Cumulative (i) the total number of Secondary 2 students in School A;
Score Frequency
(less than) Frequency (ii) the median of the yearly average scores, correct to the nearest integer.
0- 9 20 9.5
(b) The students will be allocated to 3 different groups in Secondary 3 according to their yearly average
10-19 40 19.5
scores. The top 25% will be in Group I and the bottom 25% will be in Group Ill. The rest will be in
20-29 60 29.5 Group IL Find, correct to the nearest integer.
30-39 50 39.5
(i ) the minimum yearly average score for students to be allocated to Group I;
40-49 20 49.5
50-59 10 (ii) the minimum yearly average score for students to be allocated to Group n.
59.5
(c) Fill in the class marks and freq uencies in the The frequency distribution table of the yearly average
(a) Fill in the cumulative frequency table.
table. scores of all the Secondary 2 students in School A
{b) (i) Draw the cumulative frequency polygon on the graph paper and determine the interquartile range.
(d) From the table, find the mean and standard Yearly average score (x) Class mark Frequency
(ii) ff the pass percentage is set at 60%, determine the pass score from the cumulative frequency deviation ofthe yearly average scores. 20<x<30 25
polygon. (Working need not be shown.} 30<x<40 20
(c) Find the mean and standard deviation of the distribution of scores. (Working steps need not be shown .) (e) Find the percentage of students whose yearly 40 <x< 50
(d) The teacher found that the scores were too low. He added 20 to each score. Write down the mean and average scores are within one standard 50<x<60 32
the standard deviation of the new set of scores. deviation from the mean. 60<x<70
(The distribution of the yearly average scores 70<xsso 30
is not necessarily a normal distribution.) 80<x<90 22
90<x<IO0 95
The cumuJative frequency polygon of the yearly average scores
of all the Se condary 2 students in School A

180
170
160
150
140
130

� 120
IIO
100
90
80
70
60

Score (less than) 50

40
30
20
IO
0 IO 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Yearly average score

'55
 18. STATJSTICS

18C.8 HKCEE MA 1997 I 11 18C.10 HKCEE MA 2002 I 5

Toe following are the marks scored by a class of 35 students in a Mathematics test: Forthe set ofdata 4,4,5,6,8, 12, 13, 13, 13, 18, find
0 0 5 8 11 12 41 42 45 48 (a) the mean,
50 62 70 73 73 73 77 78 80 80 (b) the mode,
82 82 82 83 83 85 85 87 90 90
(c) the median,
95 95 95 95 98
(d) the standard deviation.
(a) Find the mean, mode, median and standard deviation of the above marks. (Working need not be shown.)
(b) Explain briefly why the mean may not be a suitable measure of central tendency of the distribution of
marks in the Mathematics test.
(c) The mean and standard dev iation of the marks scored by the same class of students in an English test 18C.11 HKCEE MA 2002- I- 12 (To continue as 17C.16.)
are 63 and 15 respectively.
The cumulative frequency polygon of the distribution
(i) The standard score of a student in the English test was 0.4. Find the mark the student scored in this
of the numbers of books read by the participants
test.
(ii) Assume that the marks in the English test are normally distributed and the marks scored by Lai
Wah in both the Mathematics and English tests are 78.
(1) What percentage of her classmates scored fewer marks than Lai Wah in the Mathematics test?
(2) Relative to her classmates, did Lai Wah perform better in the English test than in the Mathe-
matics test?
(iii) The English teacher later found that a student was given 10 marks fewer in the English test. Find
the mean of the marks in the English test after the wrong mark has been corrected.

18C.9 HKCEE MA 2 001- I - 10

Distribution of scores of 40 students

15

>, 10

0
40 50 60 70 80 90
Number of books read (x)
Score
The histogram in the figure shows the distribution of scores ofa class of 40 students in a test.
Two hundred students participated in a summer reading programme. The figure shows the cumulative fre­
(a) Complete the table. quency polygon of the distribution of the numbers of books read by the participants.
Score (x) Class mark Frequency (a) The table below shows the frequency distribution of the numbers of books read by the participants.
44<x<52 3 Using the graph in the figure complete the table.
52<x<60 Number of books read (x) Number of participants Award
64 15 0<x<S 66 Certificate
68<x<76 I] 5<x<l 5 Book coupon
80 l5<x<25 64 Bronze medal
25<x<35 Silver medal
(b) Estimate the mean and standard deviation of the distribution.
35<x<50 10 Gold medal
(c) Susan scores 76 in this test. Find her standard score .
(b) Using the graph m the figure, find the mter-quartile range of the distribution.
(d) Another test is given to the same class of students. It is found that the mean and standard deviation of
the scores in this second test are 58 and 10 respectively. Relative to her classmates, if Susan performs
equally well in these two tests, estimate her score in the second test.
,,, 258
 18. STATISTICS

18C.12 HKCEE MA 2004 - I - 11 18C.15 HKCEE MA 2007 - I - 4

A large group of students sat in a Mathematics test consisting of two papers, Paper I and Paper II. The table The stem-and-leaf diagram below shows the distribution of weights (in kg) of 15 teachers in a school.
below shows the mean, median, standard deviation and range of the test marks of these students in each Stem (tens) Leaf (units)
paper: 5 0 5 5 5 8
Test paper Mean Median Standard deviation Range 6 2 3 7 889
Paper I 46.1 marks 46 marks 15.2 marks 91 marks 7 I 3 3 5
Paper II 60.3 marks 60 marks 11.6 marks 70 marks
Find the median, the range and the standard deviation of the distribution.
A student, John, scored 54 marks in Paper I and 66 marks in Paper II.
(a) Assume that the marks in each paper of the Mathematics test are normally distributed. Relative to other
18C.16 HKCEE MA 2008
- I I0
students, did John perform better in Paper II than in Paper I? Explain your answer.
(b) In a mark adjustment, the Mathematics teacher added 4 marks to the test mark of Paper I for each of The frequency distribution table and the cumulative frequency distribution table below show the distribution
these students. Write down the mean, the median and the range of the test marks of Paper I after the of the weights of the 50 babies born in a hospital during the last week, where a, b, c, k, l and mare integers.
mark adjustment. :>We,imtf(Kg} ';·,F.fegµe:l)_cy� Wei@t!e#1ffatt('Rgl".i :<:;aji:,µj�\'\\\Fi;eqµejicy,
2.6-2.8 a 2.85 4
2.9-3.1 12 3.15 k
3.2-3.4 b 3.45 37
18C.13 HKCEE MA 2005 - I - 15 3.5-3.7 10 3.75
The scores (in marks) obtained by a class of20 students in a music test are shown below: 3.8-4.0 C 4.05 m
84 86 90 93 100 (a) Find a, band c.
103 120 120 120 121 (b) Find estimates of the mean and the standard deviation of the weights of the 50 babies born in the hospital
122 134 134 136 137 during the last week.
144 146 146 146 158
(a) Find the mean, the mean deviation (out of syllabus) and the standard deviation of the above scores. lSC.17 HKCEE MA 2008 I - 14 (Continued from 17C.21.)
(b) Mary is one of the students in the class and her standard score in the music test is 1. Is Mary one of the The stem-and-leaf diagram below shows the suggested bonuses (in dollars) of the 36 salesgirls of a boutique:
top 20% students of the class in the music test? Explain your answer.
Stem (thousands) Leaf (hundreds)
(c) (i) If one student in the class withdraws, find the probability that the mean of the scores obtained by
2 4 4 7
the remaining 19 students in the music test is 122 marks.
3 2 5 6 6 8
(ii) If two students in the class withdraw, find the probability that the mean of the scores obtained by 4 3 3 3 4 4 7 8 88
the remaining 18 students in the music test is 122 marks. 5 0 0 3 4 4 6
6 2 3 3 4 4 9 9
7 0 4 4 8
82 3
18C.14 HKCEE MA 2006 -I 14 (To continue as 17C.19.) (a) The suggested bonus of each salesgirl of the boutique is based on her performance. The following table
The stem-and-leaf diagrams below show the distributions of the scores (in marks) of the students of classes A shows the relation between level of performance and suggested bonus:
and Bin a test, where a, b, c and dare non-negative integers less than 10. It is given that each class consists ;;l,�Ve!<>fcR"if<lttrfi,#¢'!ii 'Si¥m\¥l}ljliiill/i!(�,c
of 25 students. Excellent x > 6500
Class A ClassB Good 4500 < x < 6500
Stem (tens) Leaf (units) Stem (tens) Leaf (units) Fair x<4500
0 a 9 0 C 3 3 4 5 (i) From the 36 salesgirl, one of them 1s randomly selected. Given that the level of perfonnance of the
2 5 7 88 1 1 I 2 2 3 3 5 6 7 8 selected salesgirl is good, find the probability that her suggested bonus is less than $5500.
2 3 3 5 6 7 9 2 I 5 5 5 7 8 (ii) From the 36 salesgirls, two of them are randomly selected.
3 2 3 5 6 9 9 9 3 5 9 (1) Find the probability that the level of performance of one selected salesgirl is excellent and that
4 2 2 4 b 4 d of the other is good.
(a) (i) Find the inter-quartile range of the score distribution of the students of class A and the inter-quartile (2) Find the probability that the levels of performance of the two selected salesgirls are different.
range of the score distribution of the students of class B. (b) (i) Find the median and the inter-quartile range of the suggested bonuses of the 36 salesgirls.
(ii) Using the results of (a)(i), state which one of the above score distributions is less dispersed. Explain (ii) The boutique has made a considerable profit and so the manager wants to raise the suggested
your answer. bonus of each of the 36 salesgirls such that the median of the suggested bonuses will be increased
by 20% and the inter-quartile range will remain unchanged. Describe how the manager should
raise the suggested bonus of each of the 36 salesgirls.

260
 18. STATISTICS

18C.18 HKCEE MA 2009 - I 10 18C.21 HKALE MS 1994 4

The stem-and-leaf diagram below shows the distribution of the typing speed (in words per minute) of 20 The figure shows the cumulative frequency polygon of weights (in kg) for a group of 100 students.
students in a school before training. Cumulative frequency polygon of weights
(a) Find the median, the range and the inter-quartile range of Stem (tens) Leaf (units) Weights of a group of 100 students
for a group of 100 students
the above distnOution. 1 2 2 6 7
(b) The box-and-whisker diagram below shows the distribution 2 1 3 3 3 5 7 8
of the typing speed (in words per minute) of the 20 students 3 2 4 5 5 8 9 9 9 100 50
after the training.
(i) Is the distn'bution of the typing speed after the training more dispersed than that before the training?
=
;;, 90
80 40
Explain your answer.
(ii) The trainer claims that not less than half of these students show improvement in their typing speed
70
60 = 30

�___,f----------�h
after the training. Do you agree? Explain your answer. 50
40
8 30
""� 20

-�----�------�------ Typing speed (words per minute) 20 10

27 35 40 47 52 10
0
lSC.19 HKCEE MA 2010 I 11 Stem (tens) Leaf (units) 45 50 55 60 65 70 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
The stem-and-leaf diagram shows 1 8 9 9 Weight (kg) (k
Weight g)
that ages of the players of a football 2 0 1 3 3 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 8 (a) Use the graph paper provided to draw a histogram of the weights.
team: 3 0 0
(b) Detennine the inter-quartile range of the weights from the cumulative frequency polygon.
(a) Find the mean, the median and the range of the ages of the players of the football team.
(c) Detennine the mean weight from the histogram.
(b) As the two oldest players leave the team, three new players join the football team. After the three players
join the football team, the manager of the team finds that the mean age of the players of the football
team is the same as the mean found in (a).
(i) Find the mean age of the three new players. 18C.22 HKALE MS I 995 - I
( ii) Furthennore, the manager finds that the median and the range of the ages of the players of the
football team are the same as the median and the range found in (a) respectively. Write down two The numbers of hours spent by 25 students in studying for an examination are as follows:
sets of possible ages of the three new players. 11 8 25 21 18 25 7 32 29 18 Stem (in 10) Leaf (in 1)
18 18 22 12 5 30 19 15 20 50 O 5 7 8
18C.20 HKCEEMA201!-I 10 25 10 26 23 12
The student union of a school conducts two surveys to Stem (tens) Leaf (units) (a) Complete the stem-and-leaf diagram for the above data 2
measure the extent of the students' satisfaction on the 2 3 3 (b) Find the mode, the median and the inte rquartile range of the numbers of 3
services provided by the school library. A score from 0 3 2 4 6 6 hours spent by the 25 students. 4
to 100 is used to measure the extent of satisfaction on the 4 2 3 3 5 5 7 5
services, with O indicating absolute dissatisfaction and 5 1 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 8
100 indicating absolute satisfaction. The stem-and-leaf 6 3 3 5 5 6 6 7 7 9 9
diagram below shows the distribution of scores rated by 7 5
32 students in the first survey. 18C.23 HKALE MS 1996 - 1
(a) Find the median, the range and the inter-quartile range of the above distribution. Stem (tens) Leaf (units)
A stem-and-leaf diagram for the test scores of 30 students is 1 0
(b) After six months, the student union conducts the second survey to these 32 students. The box-and­ 2
shown.
whisker diagram below shows the distribution of scores rated by these students in the second survey. 3 0 2
(i) Is the distribution of scores in the second survey less dispersed than the first survey? Explain your (a) Find the mean, mode and interquartile range of these
scores. 4 4 5 8 9
answer. 5 0 1 2 6 8 8 9 9
(ii) The chairman of the student union claims that at least 25% of these students have a greater extent of (b) If the score 71 is an incorrect record and the correct score 6 2 3 3 5 5 8
satisfaction shown in the second survey than the first survey. Do you agree? Explain your answer. is 11, which of the statistics in (a) will have different val- 7 2 2 4 4 4
1
ues? Find the correct values of these statistics. 8 2 5
9 1
-�--- �0 ---- � ------ � ------ - --Score
44
5 57 67 78

262
 18. STATISTICS

lSC.24 HKALE MS 1997 2 lSC.27 HKALE MS 2001 3

In an experiment, temperatures of a certain liquid under various experimental settings are measured. The The ages of 35 members of a golf club are shown below. It is known that the median and the range of the
box-and-whisker diagram for these temperatures (in cq is constructed below. ages are 36 and 48 respectively, and the ages of the two eldest members differ by 1.
(a) Find the range (in cc) of the temperatures. (a) Find the unknown digits a, band c. Stem (tens) Leaf (units)
(b) The temperature C (in cc) can be converted to the temperature F (in cF) according to the formula (b) The three members whose ages correspond to the three I !± 8 8 9 9
F = 9
5
c+32. unknown digits a, b and c are replaced with three new 2 0 1 2 3 3 4 7 8
3 1 2 2 5 k. 9 9
members with ages 12, 38 and 68 respectively. Draw
(i) Find the median and interquartile range of the temperatures in °F. two box-and-whisker diagrams comparing the age distri- 4 0 2 5 5 6
(ii) If the mean and standard deviation of the temperatures are 22 cc and 2c c respectively, find their butions of the members before and after replacement. 5 2 2 5 5 8 8
values in cF. 6 0 f 6

I I
',
I ' ',
!

lSC.28 HKALE MS 2003 - 5

' ' ' ' '
I ! c
Temperature ( C) A researcher conducted a study on the time (in minutes) spent on using the Internet by university students.
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Thirty questionnaires were sent out and only 19 were returned. The results are as follows:
12 13 14 15 15 21 25 29
36 37 38 41 47 49 49 49
52 54 57
(a) Construct a stem and leaf diagram for these data.
lSC.25 HKALE MS 1999 - 3
(b) Suppose that the research has received eight more questionnaires. Three of them show that the time
A test was carried out to see how quickly a class of students reacted to a visual instruction to press a particular spent on using the Internet is one hour. The other show that the time spent is more than one hour.
key when they played a computer game. Their reaction times, measured in tenths of a second, are recorded (i) Find the revised median and the revised interquartile range of the time spent .
and the statistics for the whole class are summarised below. (ii) Describe briefly the change in the mean and the change in the range of the time spent.
Lower quartile Upper quarti.Ie Median Minimum Maximum:
!,:Boys 8 14 11 5 17
r-,Girls 9 16 11 7 21 lSC.29 HKALE MS 2004 - 5
(a) Draw two box-and-whisker diagrams comparing the reaction times of boys and girls. Some statistics from a survey on the monthly incomes (in thousands of dollars) of a group of university
(b) Suppose a boy and a girl are randomly selected from the class. Which one will have a bigger chance of graduates are summarised in the table.
having a reaction time shorter than 1.1 seconds? Explain.
(a) Using the above information. construct a box-and-whisker diagram to Minimum 8
describe the distribution of the monthly incomes. Maximum 52
(b) A student proposes to model the distribution of the monthly incomes Lower quartile 10
of the group of university graduates by a normal distribution with Median 17
18C.26 HKALE MS 2000- 5 mean and standard deviation given in the table. Upper quartile 20
A fitness centre advertised a programme specifically designed Stem (tens) Leaf (units) (i) [Out ofsyllabus] Mean 17.94
for women weighing 70kg or more, and claimed that their 7 0 0 2 3 5 5 7 (ii) Is the model proposed by the student appropriate? Explain your Standard deviation 4.7
individual weights could be reduced by at least 20kg on com­ 8 1 4 5 6 6 7 8 answer.
pletion of the programme. 21 women joined the programme 9 0 2 5 8 9 9
and their weights in kg when they started are shown.
lSC.30 HKALE MS 2005 - 4
(a) Find the median and the interquartile range of these weights.
The stem-and-leaf diagram below shows the distribution of heights in cm of 32 students.
(b) On completion of the programme, the median, lower quartile and upper quartile of the weights of these
women are 73 kg, 68kg and 77 kg respectively. The lightest and heaviest women weigh 60kg and 82kg
It is found that three records less than 150 cm are incorrect. Each of them should be 10cm greater than the
original record . Find the change in each of the following statistics after correcting the three records:
respectively. Draw two box-and-whisker diagrams comparing the weights of these women before and
after the programme. (a) the mean,
Stem (tens) Leaf (units)
(c) Referring to the box-an d -whisker diagram in (b), someone claimed that none of these women had re­ (b) the median,
14 5 5 6 6
duced their individual weights by 20 kg or more on completion of the programme. Detennine whether (c) the mode, 15 1 2 2 4 4 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 9
this claim is correct or not. Explain your answer briefly. (d) the range, 16 0 2 2 5 6 7 8 8 9
(e) the interquartile range. 17 0 2 3 4 4

26S 264
 18. STATISTICS

18C.31 HKALE MS 2006 - 4 lSC.34 HKALE MS 201 J -6

The stem-and-leaf diagram shows the distribution of Stem (tens) Leaf (units) The revision times {in minutes) of 19 students are represented by the stem-and-leaf diagram in the figure.
the numbers of books read by 24 students of a school 0 3 4 6 7 It is known that the mean revision time is (40 + b) minutes.
in the first term. 1 2 2 3 5 6 7 8 8 9
{a) Find a and b. Tens Units
(a) Find the median and the interquartile range of the 2 1 3 4 5 5 7 8 9
3 0 0 (b) Find the standard deviation of the revision times for the students. 2 6 7
numbers of books read. 3 0 0 a 2 9 9
{c) The revision times of 2 more students are added. If both the range
(b) The librarian of the school ran a reading award scheme in the second term. The following table shows 4 b 3 3 3 6 8 8
and the mean do not change after the inclusion of the 2 data, find
some statistics of the distribution of the numbers of books read by these 24 students in the second term: 5 6 9
the range of possible values of the standard deviation of the revision
Minimum Lower quartile Median Upper quartile Maximum 6 5 9
times for the 21 students.
8 26 35 41 46
(i) Draw two box-and-whisker diagrams of the same scale to compare the numbers of books read by
these students in the first term and in the second term.
(ii) The librarian claims that not less than 50% of these students read at least 5 more books in the lSC.35 HKALE MS 2012-6 (To continue as 17C.35.)
second term than that in the first term. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
An educational psychologist adopts the Internet Addiction Test to measure the students' level of Internet ad­
diction. The scores of a random sample of 30 students are presented in the following stem-and-leaf diagram.
Let a- be the standard deviation of the scores. It is known that the mean of the scores is 71 and the range of
the scores is 56.
18C.32 HKALE MS 2007 - 4 Stem (tens) Leaf (units)
(a) Find the values of a, band a-. 3 a
Albert conducted a survey on the time spent (in hours) on watching television by 16 students. The data 4
recorded are 3.7, 1.2, 2.1, 5.1, 2.1, 4.7, 1.9, 2.4, 2.4, 2.9, 3.6, 2.3, 3.9, 2.2, 1.8 and k, where k is the missing 5 2 4 6 8
datum. 6 0 1 3 5 6 7 8 8 9
(a) Albert assumes that the range of these data is 5.3 hours. 7 1 2 2 4 5 5 6 8
(i) Find the value of k. 8 0 2 3 5 8
(ii) Construct a stem-and-leaf diagram for these data. 9 0 2 b
(iii) Find the mean and the median of these data.
(b) Albert finds that the assumption in (a) is incorrect and he can only assume that the range of these data
is greater than 5.3 hours. Describe the change in the mean and the change in the median of these data
due to the revision of Albert's assumption. 18C.36 HKDSE MA PP - I - 9
The fo llowing table shows the distribution of the numbers of online hours spent by a group of children on a
certain day.
Number of online hours 2 3 4 5
lSC.33 HKALE MS 2008-6 Number of children r 8 12 s

A test is taken by a class of 18 students. The marks are as follows: It is given that r and s are positive numbers.
55 82 74 70 91 75 79 89 68 (a) Find the least possible value and the greatest possible value of the inter-quartile range of the distribution.
79 59 72 79 73 60 71 82 k (b) If r = 9 and the median of the distribution is 3, how many possible values of s are there? Explain your
where k is Jane's mark. answer.
It is known that the mean mark of the class is the same irrespective of including or excluding Jane's.
(a) Find the value of k.
(b) If 3 student marks are selected randomly from the set of the 18 student marks, find the probability that
exactly 1 of them is the mode of the set of the 18 student marks. lSC.37 HKDSE MA PP-! - 15
(c) A student mark is classified as an outlier if it lies outside the interval (µ.- 2o-,µ. + 20-), whereµ. is the The mean score of a class of students in a test is 48 marks. The scores of Mary and John in the test are 36
mean and a- is the standard deviation of the set of marks. marks and 66 marks respectively. The standard score of Mary in the test is -2.
(i) Find all the outlier(s) of the set of the 18 student marks. (a) Find the standard score of John in the test
(ii) In order to assess the students' performance in the test, all outliers are removed from the set. (b) A student, David, withdraws from the class and his test score is then deleted. It is given that his test
Describe the change in the median and the standard deviation of the student marks due to such score is 48 marks. Will there be any change in the standard score of John due to the deletion of the test
removal. score of David? Explain your answer.

265 265
 18. STATISTICS

lSC.38 HKDSE MA 2012 1 7 lSC.41 HKDSE MA 2013 -1 l 0 (To continue as 17c.37.)

The box-and-whisker diagram below shows the distribution of the times taken by a large group of students The ages of the members of Committee A are shown as follows:
of an athletic club to finish a 100 m race: 17 18 21 21 22 22 23 23 23 31
31 34 35 36 47 47 58 68 69 69
(a) Write down the median and the mode of the ages of the members of Committee A.
--a'-----��----� --------�-Time (s) (b) The stem-and-leaf diagram shows the distribution of the ages of the members of Committee B. It is
12.l 13.2 b 18.1 given that the range of this distribution is 47. Stem (tens) Leaf (units)
The inter-quartile range and the range of the distribution are 3.2 s and 6.8 s respectively. (i) Findaandb. 2 a 5 6 7
3 3 3 8
(a) Find a and b. 4 3
(b) The students join a training program. It is found that the longest time taken by the students to finish a 5 1 2 9
100m race after the training is 2.9 s less than that before the training. The trainer claims that at least 6 7 b
25% of the students show improvement in the time taken to finish a 100 m race after the training. Do
you agree? Explain your answer. lSC.42 HKDSEMA2013 1-15
The box-and-whisker diagram below shows the distribution of the scores (in marks) of the students of a class
in a test. Susan gets the highest score while Tom gets 65 marks in the test. The standard scores of Susan and
Tom in the test are 3 and 0.5 respectively.
lSC.39 HKDSE MA2012 1 15
j
'

'
' I

I '
'

i
!

I
The standard deviation of the test scores obt.ained by a class of students in a Mathematics test is 10 marks. I '
!
!

I '
' I
I
All the students fail in the test, so the test score of each student is adjusted such that each score is increased I
'

by 20% and then extra 5 marks are added. !. !

I ! I ' I
Score (marks)
(a) Find the standard deviation of the test scores after the score adjustment. 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
(b) Is there any change in the standard score of each student due to the score adjustment? Explain your (a) Find the mean of the distribution.
answer.
(b) Susan claims that the standard scores of at least half of the students in the test are negative. Do you
agree? Explain your answer.

18C.40 HKDSE MA 2013 I 9

lSC.43 HKDSE MA 2014-1-4
The bar chart shows the distribution of the numbers offamily members of the employees of company D.
The table below shows the distribution of the numbers of calculators owned by some students.
Distribution of the numbers of family members of the employees of company D Number of calculators 0 2 3
24-,---------------------, Number of students 7 14 15 4
20 Find the median, the mode and the standard deviation of the above distribution.
16
12
lSC.44 HKDSE MA 2014- I - 11
There are 33 paintings in an art gallery. The box-and-whisker diagram below shows the distribution of the
prices (in thousand dollars} of the paintings in the art gallery. It is given that the mean of this distribution is
53 thousand dollars.
3 4 5 6 7
Number of family members
(a} Find the mean, the inter-quartile range and the standard deviation of the above distribution. Price (thousand dollars}
18 42 55 63 91
(b} An employee leaves company D. The number of family members of this employee is 7. Find the change
in the standard deviation of the numbers of family members of the employees of company D due to the (a) Find the range and the inter-quartile range of the above distribution.
leaving ofthis employee. ( b) Four paintings of respective prices (in thousand dollars) 32, 34, 58 and 59 are now donated to a museum.
Find the mean and the median of the prices of the remaining paintings in the art gallery.

268
 18. STATISTICS

lSC.45 HK,l)SE MA 2015-1-12 lSC.50 HKDSE MA 2019 - I - 12

The stem-and-leaf diagram shows the distribution of the weights Stem (tens) Leaf (units) T he stem-and-leaf diagram shows the distribution of the Stem (tens) Leaf (units)
(in kg) of the students in a football club. 4 0 2 3 3 3 3 9 results (in seconds) of some boys in a 400m race. 5 a
5 l 2 2 3 7 9 It is given that the inter-quartile range of the ilistribution is 6 0 0 3 c c 8 9 9 9
6 3 5 8 9 8 seconds. 7 0 2 2 5 6 9
7 8 9 8 b
(a) Findc.
(a) Find the mean, the median and the range of the above distribution. (b) It is given that the range of the distribution exceeds 34 seconds and the mean of the distribution is
(b ) Two more students now join the club. It is found that both the mean and the range of the distribution of 69 seconds. Find
the weights are increased by l kg. Find the weight of each of these students. (i) a and b,
(ii) the least possible standard deviation of the distribution.
lSC.46 HKDSE MA 2015-1 15
The table below shows the means and the standard deviations of the scores of a large group of students in a 18C.51 HKDSE MA2020 - I- 9
Mathematics examinations and a Science examination:
\ Examination II
Mean !
Standard deviation I The table below shows the distnOution of the numbers of subjects taken by a class of students.
Mathematics 66 marks
Science 52 marks
12 marks
10 marks Number of subjects taken j 4 5 6 7

II
The standard score of David in the Mathematics examination is -0.5. Number of students 8 12 16 4
(a) Find the score of David in the Mathematics examination.
(b) Assume that the scores in each of the above examinations are normally distributed. David gets 49 marks (a) Write down the mean, the median and the standard deviation of the above distribution.
in the Science examination. He claims that relative to other students., he performs better in the Science
examination than in the Mathematics examination. Is the claim correct? Ex.plain your answer. (b) A new student now joins the class. The number of subjects taken by the new student is 5. Find
the change in the median of the distribution due to the joining of this student.
(5 mrucks)
lSC.47 HKDSE MA 2016-1 - 16 ISCS2 HKDSEMA2020-I-ll
In a test, the mean of the distribution of the scores of a class of students is 61 marks. The standard scores of
Albert and Mary are -2.6 and 1.4 respectively. Albert gets 22 marks. A student claims that the range of the The stem-and-leaf diagram below shows the distribution of the weights (in grams} ofthe letters in a bag.
distribution is at most 59 marks. Is the claim correct? Explain your answer.
smuens) J&af (units)
I l 2 3 3
lSC.48 HKDSE MA 2017-1-11 (To continue as 17B.43.) 2 3 3 4 5 6 9 9
3 1 6 7 8 8 8
The stem-and-leaf diagram shows the distribution of the Stem (tens) Leaf (units) 4 2
hourly wages (in dollars) of the workers in a group. 6 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 9 9 5 0 w
It is given that the mean and the range of the distribution 7 a 7 7 8
are $70 and $22 respectively. 8 b It is given that the range of the above distribution is the triple of its inter-quartile range.
(a) Find the median and the standard deviation of the above distribution. Find w. (4marks)
(a)

lSC.49 HKDSE MA 2018-1-10 (b) If a letter is randomly chosen from the bag, find the probability that the weight of the chosen
letter is not less than the mode of the distnOution. (2 marks)
The box-and-whisker diagram below shows the distribution of the ages of the clerks in team X of a company.
It is given that the range and the inter-quartile range of this distribution are 43 and 21 respectively.

Age
19 27 38 a b
(a) Find a and b.
(b) There are five clerks in team Y of the company and three of them are of age 38. It is given that the runge
of the ages of the clerks in team Y is 20. Team X and team Y are now combined to form a section. The
manager of the company claims that the range of the ages of the clerks in the section and the range of
the ages of the clerks in team X must be the same. Do you agree? Explain your answer.

269
 SUGGESTED SOLUTION TO

HKDSE Mathematics

Compulsory Part

Paper 1

Past paper questions - sorted by topic

HKCEE Mathematics (HKCEE MA- 1980 to 2011)

HKCEE Additional Mathematics (HKCEE AM- 1980 to 2011)
HKALE Mathematics and Statistics (HKALE MS -1994 to 2013)
HKDSE Mathematics (HKDSE MA- SP, PP, 2012 to 2019)

Disclaimer:
This Suggested Solution was compiled independent of the official marking schemes. It does not refiect how marks are allocated or
what steps must be shown in order to score marks. This acts more as a study companion than anything resembling a scoring bible.
The reader is invited in advance to report error, mistake or suggestion to lkwong@hys.edu.hk.

"' 272
 1 Estimation 2 Percentages
I.I HKCEEMA2006 - T- 11 Method 2 2A Basic percentages 2B Discount, profit and loss
(a) Maximum absolute error= I cm+ 2 = 0.5 cm . . . 3.l+Ql+ 2
Upper hnut of weight of 1 pack= kg
32 2A.l HKCEEMA 1989-1-1 2B.1 HKCEEMA 1990-1-1
(b) Least possible area of ABCX = 17.5x 11.5 = 201.25 cm2 =98.43g<99.5g
Least possible area of DEFX = 1.5 x 15.5 = 23.25cm2 . 9000- 8000 (a) Tota! loss=$(3000-2700) x 10=$3000
: . No. (a) % increase= x 100%= 12.5%
Least possible area of sheet= 224.5 cm2 8000 3000
3 (b) % loss= x100% =10%
(c) Upper limit of area=18.5x 12.5+2.S x16.5 =272.5cm2 (b) Amountsaved=$9000x =$2700 3000 x 10
1.8 HKDSEMA2014-I-3 3+7
224.5 S: X < 272.5
(a) 100 2B.2 HKCEEMA 1994-1-6
(b) 123 2A.2 HKCEEMA2002-I-6 (a) Markedptice=$J.7x
(c) 123.4 (a) New radius=8 x (1 + 10%)=8.8(cro) Selling price=$1.7x(l -5%)=$1.615x
"?' New area=Jt"(8.8) 2=77.44,r (cm2) 1.615x-x
% gain"" ---- X 100%=61.5%
. 77.44,r - n-(8)2 X
1.9 HKDSEMA2017-I-9 (b) %increase= x100%=21% (b} 1.615x=2907 => x=1800
Jt"(8)2
(a) Least possible capacity=(200-10+5)mL = 195 mL
(b) Method 1 2B.3 HKCEEMA 1995-1-4
1.2 HKCEEMA 2007 I 10
Least total capacity=l95mL x 120=23.4L > 23.35L 2A.3 HKCEEMA2006 I-6 (a} Pr ice= $2400000 x (1 +30%)=$3120000
(a) Least possible length=5-1 +2 = 4.5 (cm) :. No. (a) Weight of John= 60+ (1+20%)=SO(kg) 3120000-3000000
(b) (i) Uppcrlimit=(2.0+0.J-;-2)m=205cm<206cm (b) % loss x 100%=3.85 %
Method2 (b) Weight of Susan=60 x (1-20%) =48 'f' SO(kg) 3120000
:. No. 23 3 172 :. No.
(ii) Method I Upper limit of capacity of 1 bottle= · �;� L 2B.4 HKCEEMA1998-1-7
Least possible total length of short wires = 194.58mL < 195 mL (a} Selling price=$29 x(1-20%) = $23.2
= 4.5cm x 46 = 207cm > 205cm :. No. 2A.4 HKCEEMA 2008 I- 8
23.2-18
:. No. (a) Number of girls=625 x (1-25%)=450 (b) % profit::= - - - x 100%=28.9%
860 18
Method2 ( (. "
1.10 HKDSEMA ?018 I 3 b) 1)R eqwred '¼c= 25 xl00%=80%
Upper limit of length of one short WU:e 6 +450 2B.5 HKCEEMA2001-I-8
= 205cm+46 = 4.4565cm < 4.5cm C•l 266 (ii} 80
(b) 265.4 (a) Newprice=$80x(I+20%)=$96
:. No.
(c) 270 (b) Amount he pays = $96 x (1 -20%) = $76.8
2A.S HKCEEMA 2009 I 7
1.3 HKCEEMA2008 -I-7 1.11 HKDSE MA 2 020 I 3 (a) Number of female interviewees=172 x (1-75%) = 43 2B.6 HKCEEMA 2003 I 5
. 43
(a) Total amount� $(9x4+ 17 x 3+5 x 2) = $97 (b) Rcquu:cd%= Z+ xl00%=20% (a) Marked price=$400 x (1+20%)=$480
3a 1600 l7 43
(b) Actual amount < Estimated amount < $100 ⇒ Se llingprice=$480x(l-25%)=$360
b 534.76 400-360
:. Yes. (b) % loss= ----:WO- x100%=10%
' 530 2A.6 HKCEEMA2010-I-7
(a) Number of badges Tom has=50 x (I -30%)=35
L4 HKCEEMA 2009-I-4 (b) Merhod 1 2B.7 HKCEEMA 2005-I-6
(a) 406 Total number of badges= 50+35=85, which is odd! (a) Marked price= $160 x (1 +25%)= $200
(b) 405.50 :. No. (b) Selling price=$200 x (1-10%}= $180
(c) 410 Merhod2 180-160
% profit=� x 100% = 12.5%
Let Mary give x badges.
50-x=35+x
1.5 HKCEEMA 2010 I 8 .x=7.5. which is not an integer! 2B.8 HKCEEMA 2007 - I - 6
(a) Totalamounto:z$(16+24+32)=$72 :. No. (a) Selling price= $400 x ( I -20%) = $320
70
(b) Actual amount> Estimated amount> $70 (b} %profit= x 100%=28%
:. Yes. 320_70
2A.7 HKDSEMA20l2-T-4
(a) Daily wage of Ada= $480 x ( l +20%)=S576 2B.9 HKCEEMA2011-T 7
1.6 HKCEEMA20ll 1-4 (b) Daily wage of Christine= $480+(1-20%) = $600 (a) Selling price=$360 x (1-45%)=$198
600>576>480 (b) Cost=$360+(1+80%)=S200>$198
(a) 8090 :. Christine
(b) 8100 :. Loss.
(c) 8091.190
2A.8 HKDSEMA2016-I-5 2B.10 HKDSEMA SP I 4
Let there be x female members. (a) Cost=$560+(1+40%)=$400
1.7 HKDSEMA 2013 I 8 460-400
Number of male members= 1.4x (b) % profit= ----:WO- x100%=15%
(a) Least possible weight=(100-1 +2)g = 99.5 g => !Ax+x= 180
(b) Method I x=15
Least possible total weight=99.5 g x 32 :. There arc 75 female and 1.4(75)= 105 male members. 2B.11 HKDSEMAPP-l-4
=3184g=3.2kg, ncarcst0.I k => Difference= 30 Selling price=$360x (1 +30%)= $4-68
:. No. 2A.9 on the next page ea> Markedpticc=$468+(1-20%)=$585

274
2B.12 HKDSEMA2014-l-6 2C Interest 3 Indices and Logarithms
(a) Selling price= $255 x (I -40%) = $153
2C.l HKCEE MA 1983(AIB)-I-6
(b) Cost=$15h-(1+2%)=$150 3A Laws of indices 3A.14 HKCEEMA2005-I-2
1000(1 + 10%)3 - 1000 = 1000 X r% X 3
(i'y)' x'f x'
331 = 30r 3A.l HKCEEMA1987(A)-I- 3(a)
2B.13 HKDSEMA2015-I-6
r= I 1.03 (2 d.p.) T=7 =1
(a) Scllingprice=$250x(l+20%)=$300
(b) Marked price= $300+ (1-25%) = $400 3A.15 HKCEEMA 2006-1- I
2C.2 HKCEEMA 1991 I 3
(a) £150000 7 15 = £10000
(a3 ) 5
=�=a15-(-6)_a2J
-
2B.14 HKDSEMA 2018 I 7 30 3A.2 HKCEEMA 1990-T-2(a) a-6 a-6
(b) Amount= 10000+ 10000 x 14.60% x
365 3A.16 HKCEEMA 2007 2
Let the marked price be $x. Then = (£)10120
IO
Cost=Sx+(l+30%) =S ' (c) $10120x 14.50=$146740
yf
Selling price= $x x ( I -40%) = S0.6x 3A.3 HKCEEMA 1993-I-5(b)
10 2C.3 HKCEEMA1993-l-l(a)
0.6x+88= x � x=520 3A.17 HKCEEMA 2008-I-1
]3
:. The marked price is $520. Intere�t = $JOO x 3% x -& = $1.5 (ab)3 = a3 b3
a2 --;J." ab
= 3

2C.4 HKCEEMA1996 I 12 3A.4 HKCEEMA1994-T-7(a)

2B.IS HKDSEMA2019-I-5 3A.18 HKCEEMA 2009 I 2
(a) (i) Ta b el • I .
(a) Markedprice=S690+(1-25%) =$920 r 47 0 ��s,,-., =�==�
373.15 ;,S7
8626.85 16250.04
(b) Cost=$6907(1+15%)=$600
5 243.75 8756.25 7493.79
6 112.41 7493.79 0 3A.5 HKCEEMA 1996-1-2
�*2A.9 HKDSE MA 2020- I - 5 3A.19 HKCEE MA 2010-I- I
(ii) Amount= 112.41 + 7493.79 = ($)7606.20
Let x be the number of f<..-malc applicants. (iii) Total interest
= 1750.00+626.25+500.64+373.15
Then,. the number of male applican!s is x(l + 28%) = 1.28x. +243.75+1l2.41
3A.6 HKCEEMAI997-I-2(a)
1.28.,.-x=91 = ($)2606.20 3A.20 HKCEEMA2011 I 2
(b) Table 2 2
x=325 x''_f =x'-HJy--1 =>i'y x65 x65 r7
(x4y3)2 = x8y6 = 7
The number of male :ipplic:mts = l.28x 325 2 10800.00 626.25 10173.75 31576.25 X 3y

=416 3 12960.00 473.64 12486.36 19089.89

4 15552.00 286.35 15265.65 3824.24 3A.7 HKCEE MA 1998 I 4 3A.21 HKDSEMA SP I I
5 3881.60 57.36 3824.24 0
(xy)2 x-r x2+5 x7
(c) --
i-MOrith: Sa,,,inj;sJSY /Jts_Wi11)int·($i'.I .- RCm:ilni!lg'(�),.:; x-Sy6 = x -Sy6 = 6-2 = y4
y
12000 9000 3000 3A.8 HKCEEMA 1999-I- l
2 15000 10800 4200 3A.22 HKDSEMA PP-I- I
3 16200 12960 3240 (a-3)2 a-6 1 (m 5n-2)6 m30n-12 m30--4 ,ri16
-a-a
= =
4 15240 15552 a 1+6 a_1 m4n-J m4n- 3 = n-3+12 = 7
Smee the savmgs ($15240) would not be enough for an­
other instalment ($15552), he cannot. 3A.9 HKCEEMA 2000-I- 2 3A.23 HKDSEMA 2012 I l

2C.5 HKCEEMA2000- 1 10
(a) x=l.lor-2
(b) 10000(1 +ro/,,) 2+9000(1 +r%) =22000 3A.10 HKCEEMA 2001 - I- 1 3A.24 HKDSEMA2013 I I
10(1 +r%)2 +9(1+r%) -22 = 0 ?J l3 _x20yl3
y y7
1 +r% = 1.1 or -2 (rejected) ( x5y)6 = x30y6 = ;,.:10
r= IO
3A.11 HKCEEMA 2002-T-1 3A.25 HKDSEMA2014-I-J
2C.6 HKCEEMA 2004 I 3
(ab2)2 a1b4
b4 b4 (xy-2) 3 x'y-6 ;,:' i3
Interest=$5000(1+2%) 3 - $5000 � = a5 = aS-2 =a3
=
� 7 y4+6 y10
= =

= $30.6 (nearest dollar)

3A.12 HKCEEMA 2003-I-4 3A.26 HKDSEMA 2015 I

z2 (x+1)=2
3
=> 2x+2=3 ⇒ x=,!_
2

3A.13 HKCEEMA 2004-1- l 3A.27 HKDSEMA2016 I

(a- lb)3 ,r3b3 b3-2 (K'y7 ) = x i =xl6-S 14-(-6) =xi! 20
b 2 16 4

-,;i-�--;;;:-;;r x5y-6 xSy-6 y y

276
3A.28 HKDSEMA2017-I 2 3B Logarithms 3B.10 HKDSEMA 2014 I 15 3C Exponential and logarithmic equations
(m4n-1l m12n-3 m12-{-10) mll Method l
, =7
3B.1 HKCEEMA I986(A)-I-5(a) 3C.1 HKCEEMA 1980(3) - I-7
(m-•-)5 = m-10 = - -
-
, - -1
I
log28+log216 =log 223 +log22-4=3+(-4) =-1
From the graph. (log..x, loggy) = (3, O} and Slope = 3. log3(x-3) +log 3(x+3) = 3
3A.29 HKDSEMA2018 1-2 log3(x-3)(x+3) = 3
xy1 ;?-9=27
xi :,:1+8 � x = 6or -6 (rejected)
(x-2y3) 4 - _r8yl2 - y12-7 - y5 38,2 HKCEEMA1987(A)-1-3(b)

3A.30 HKDSEMA 2020 -I

loga3 lr-Iogab2 3C.2 HKCEEMA1981(1) I 5&1981(2)-I-6
4x = 10-4"+ 1
log ,/a
4"=10-4x,4
38.3 HKCEEMA 1988 I 6 (1+4W = 10
4·'=2 => =l
(a) logl8=log2•32=log2+2log3=r+2s x 1
3 X 10
l g-r- = !og3+ 1 - log2=s+ 1-r
(b) log15 = o '
= log2( 4x'1") 1 = log2 Sx'r"
=>
_,
y = 8xT
3C.3 HKCEEMA 1982(1/2)-I-2
38.4 HKCEEMA1990-I-2(b)
Method2 4,-.''=4 ⇒ x-y=l {x=�
log(a2 ) +log(b 4)
(log.;x,log 8y)= (3,0) => (x,y)= (64,l)
{ +
4x y = l6 � x+y=2 => )'=½
log(ab 2)
Let the point or the line culling the vertical axis be (0, b).
b-0 -1 3C.4 HKCEEMA 1985(B)-I-3
3B.5 HKCEE MA 1991 I 7 = � b= l
0-3 3
l g8y)= (O,I) � (x,y)=(l,8)
(1o g4x,o i'-"-3(2-')-4=0
{
a+� -2
� (2-')2-3(2·')-4 = 0
a = Puttingintoy=li, {S =A (2.,. -4)(2% +1)=0
{3 10
I=A(64)k 2x=4or-l(rejected) =¢- x=2
(a) 4" x4P =4"+/l =4- 2= 2. _,
16 Hence, y = 8xT .
(b) log10 rx+log10{3 =!og10a/3 = log1o10 = -1 Method 3 3C.5 HKCEEMA 1986(A)-I-5{b)
y=AJ< => log2y=log2 li=log2A+klog2x 21og10x- !og10y = 0
3B.6 HKCEEMA l992-I-:2(a) log 8y log.ix logwi2= logl!JY
og A
l g82 =l 2 +k log.i2
o x1 =y
logxy=logx+logy = p+q 3 log8y=1og2 +2klog4 x
?k A I
log8y= T ol g4x+ log2A
3 3C.6 HKCEEMA 1987(B)-I-3
38.7 HKCEEMA 1994-I-7(b)
t 1 2x+ 32.t +Y-2=0
log,/Iz= !og2'.! 3= (21og2+log3)= - -y
2 2 2 (3-')2+(3-' )-2=0
(3-"+2)(3"-1)=0
3-' = -2 (rejected)or 1 ⇒ x = 0
3B.8 HKCEEMA1997-I-2(b)
log8+log4 3log2+21og2 5].Pg2 = 5
log16 41og2 4].Pg2 4 3C.7 HKCEEMA1993-I-5(a)
3B.ll HKDSEMA2017-I 15 9'�./3
I
3B.9 HKDSEMASP-1-17 Gpasses through (9,0) and (243,3). 32.t=3} ⇒ 2x=2:_ =
2 ⇒ x 4
=> 3 = logb 243 -logb 9=logb -
Metlwd J
O=a+logb9 243
=> {
3=a+logb243 ,
6.4 = !Ogg£ => E = 86·4 => b3=27 => h=9 => a=-logb9=-2 3C.8 HKCEEMAI995-I- 7
= lo&,E =lo&,(86-4)=-'-­
6
log 8 .4 Y= -2+Iog3x => log3 x =y+2 => x=Y'+2
3x = _I_=274 = (33)'°f­
M
log24
=
log223 (6.4) = 19.2 = 9.6 ,tt/
-3
log22 2 2 =
x T
(b) logx+21og4= log48
logx+log4Z- = log48
logl6x=log48 ⇒ 16x=48 => x=3

277 278
 4 Polynomials 4A.22 HKDSEMA2014-J 2 4B Division algorithm, remainder theorem and
(a) ,i2-2a-3=(a-3 )(a+l) factor theorem
4A Factorization, H.C.F. and L.C.M. of 4A.12 HKCEEMA2004-I 6 (b) ab2 +b1 +a2 -2a -3 =b2 (a+ 1)+ (a-3)(a+ l)
polynomials (a) a2 -ab+2a- 2b =a(a-b) +2(a-b) = (a -b )(a+2) = (a+b)(b1+a-3) 4B.1 HK.CEEMA 1980(1 */3)-I-13(a)
-5=f(1)=24a+b => a+b=-7

{::=�
2
(b) I69y -2s = (13y)2 -s2 = (13y- s)(13y+s) (a) (i) {
4A.1 HKCEEMA 1980(1/1*/3)-I-2 4A.23 HKDSEMA ?015-1-4 4=f(-2)= 8-2a+b => 2a-b=4
(a) a(3b-c)+c-3b= (3b-c)(a-1) (a) x'+x2y-7x1=x2(x+y-7)
(b) x4 -I=(x-l)(x+l)(x2+1) 4A.13 HKCEE MA 2005 I 3 (b) x' +x1y-7x2-x-y+7 =x2(x+y-7)-(x+y- 7) =>
(a) 4.\.1 -4xy +y 2 =(2x-y)1 =(x+y-7)(.i.2- 1) (ll) /(x)aO
4A.2 HKCEEMA 1981(2/3)-I-5 {b) 4x2-4xy+/-2x+y = (2x-y)1 -(2x-y) = (x+y- 7)(x- I)(x+ 1) 2x2-x- 6=0
= (2x-y)(2x-y- l)
(1 +x)4 -(l -x2)2 = [(l +x2)j2-(I -x2) 2 (2x+3 )(x-2) =0 => x=-23 or2
= [(1 +x)2 - (1 -;r")][(J +x)2 + (1 -x2)] 4A.24 HKDSEMA2016-I-4
(a) 5m-10n=5(m-2n)
= (2x+2.r)(2+2x) = 4x (l +x)2 4A.14 HKCEEMA2007-T 3 4B.2 HKCEEMA 1981(2)-I-3and 1981(3)-1-2
(b) m2 +mn-6n1 = (m+3n)(m-2n)
(a) r'+ 10r+25 = (r+5)2 kaf(k) a (k+2)(k-3)+3
(c) ni1+mn-6n2 -Sm+10n
4A.3 HKCEEMA 1983(A/B)-l-l (b) r'+ 10r+25-s2 = (r+5)2-s2 =(r+S -s)(r+5+s) = (m+3n)(m-2n) - 5(m-2n) = (m- 2n)(m+3n-5)
k=/,_1 -k-3
k2-2k-3=0
(x2+4x+4) -(y- 1)2 = (x+2) 2 - (y-1)2
= [(x+2) - (y- l)][(x+2) + (y- l)] 4A.15 HKCEE MA2009 - I-3 4A.25 HKDSEMA2017 - I 3
(k-3)(k+1)=0 k=3or-l*
=( x-y+3)(x+y+l)
(a) a1b+ab2 =ab (a+b) (a) -1.2 -4x)'+3y2 = (x- 3y)(x-y) 4B.3 HKCEEMA1984(A/B)-I-1
(bl a2b+ab 2 + 7a+ 7b = ab(a+b) +7(a+b) (b) .2--4xy+3y2+ 11x-33y = (x-3y)(x-y) + 11 (x-3y)
·: x-kisafactor
4A.4 HKCEEMA 1984(A/B)-I-4 = (a+ b)(ab+7) = (x-3y)(x-y+ 11) 3(k)2 -k(k)-2=0 => k2=1 => k=±l
(a) x2y+2.cy+y = y(x2+2x+ I)=y( x+ 1)2
(b) x2y+a)l+y-f=y(x+1)2 -y3 4A.26 HKDSEMA2018-I-5 4BA HKCEEMAI985(A!B)-I-4
==y[(x+1)1 -j) 4A.16 HKCEEMA ?QJO-T-3 (a) 9r3-I8r2s=9r2 (r-2s)
=y(x+I-y)(x+ l+J) (a) 1!? +12mn+36n2 =(m+6n) 2 (b) 9?-18?-s-r? +2s3 = 9r'(r-2s)-s1(r-2s)
0=f(l)=a+b-l => a+b=l {a-3
{
(bl m2 + 12m.n+36n1-25k1 = (m+6n)2 - (5k)1 = (r - 2s) (9r2 -.�2) 4=f(-l)=a-b-l => a-b=5 => b=-2
4A.5 HKCEEMA l985(A/B)-I- l = (m+6n-5k)(m+6n+5k) = (r-2s){3 r-s)(3r+s)
4B.S HKCEE MA I987(A/B)- I - 2
(a) a4 -16=(a-2)(a+2)(a2 +4)
a3-8 = (a - 2)(a2 +2a+4) 4A.27 HKDSEMA 2019 T-4 2(2)3 +a(2) 2+b(2) -2 = 0
4A.17 HKCEEMA201l-T-3 {
(b) L.C.M. = (a -2)(a+2)(a2 +4)(a2 +2a+4) (a) 8Jm2 -n2 =(9m-n)(9m+n)
(a) 4m2-9=(2m- 3) (2m+3) 2(-1)3 + a(-1)2 +b(-1)-2= 0
(b) 2m2 n+7mn-15n=n(2m2 +7m-5) =11(2m-3)(m+5)
(b) 8!m2 -n2 + 18m- 2n = (9m-n)(9m+n)+2(9 m-n) c> {
4a+2b=-14 => a=-l
{
4A.6 HKCEEMA1986(A/B)-I-l (c) 4m2 -9-2m2 n- 7mn+15n
={9m-n)(9m+n+2) a-b=4 b=-5
= (2m-3)(2m+3)-n(2m-3)(m+5)
(a) x2-2x-3=(x-3)(x+l)
= (2m-3)[(2m+3)-n{m+5)]
(b) (a2+2a)2 -2(a2 +2a)-3 4B.6 HKCEEMA 1989 I-3
= (2m-3)(2m-mn-5n+3)
= [(a2+2a)- 3][(a2+2a) + 1] = (a+3)(a-1)(a+ 1)2 4A.18 HKDSEMA SP-I - 3 (a) (-1)4 +(-1)3 -8(-l)+k=O => k=-8
(a) 3m2 -mn-2n2 =(3m+2n)(m-n) 4A.28 HKDSE MA 2020 - I - 2 (b) x4+x3-&x+k=x4+x3-8x-8
4A.7 HKCEEMA1987(A/B)-I-1 (h) 3m1 -mn -2n 2 -m+n = (3m+2n)(m-n)- (m -n) =x-'(x+l)-8(x+I)
= (m-n)(3m+2n-1) 2a
a2 +a-6 = (a+3)(a -2) a(x+I)(x'- 8 )
(a) x2-2x+ J = (x-l)2
(b) x2-2t+I-4y2 =(x-1)2 -(2y)2
= (x+ l)(x-2)(.t2+2x+4)
= (x -1-2y)(x-1+2y) 4A.19 HKDSEMAPP-I-3 b 4B.7 HKCEEMA 1 990-I-7
a4 +a3 -6a2 =a2 (a2 +a-6)
(a) 9..2- -42xy+49/- = (3x-7y) (a) Remainder =(-1) 1000 +6=7
1

4A.8 HKCEEMA f993-1-2(e) (b) 9-1. 2-4h-y +49y2-6x+ 14y =(3x- 7y) 2 -2(3x-7y) aa'(a+3)(a-2) (b) (i) By (a), the remainder when (8)1000 + 6 is divided by
H.CF. = 2x),2. L.CM. = 12x2Tz = (3x-7y){3x-7y-2) (8)+1=9is7.
(ii) Remainder=7-6= J

4A.9 HKCEEMA 1995-1-l(b) 4A.20 HKDSEMA2012 I-3 4B.8 HKCEE MA 1990 - I-11
(a) x2-6xy+9y1={x-3y)2 (a) (1) S=2'11:r2+2'11:rh
H.C.F. = (x- I)2(x+5)
(b) x2-6xy+9y1 + 7x-21y= (x-3y)2 + 7(x-3y) (ii) V=n?-h => h=�
= (x-3y)(x-3y+7) rrr
4A.10 HK.CEEMA 1997-1-1 :. S=271:r2+2'11:r(_l'.,,) =271:r'+�
(a) x2-9 = (x-3)(x+3) Sr c
4A.21 HKDSE MA 2013 - I - 3 2(271:)
(b) ac+bc- ad-bd = c(a+b) -d(a+b) = (a+b)(c-d) (b) 6'11: = 271:r' +
(a) 4,n2-25n2 = (2m-Sn)(2m+5n)
(b) 4m2 -2sn2+6m-15n 3r=r3+2 => ?-3r+2=0
4A.ll HKCEEMA2003 - I 3
(a) x2- (y-x)1 = [x- (y -x)J[x+ 6•-x)] =y(2x - y)
= (2m-5n)(2m+5n) +3(2m-5n) Since (1)3-3(1)+2= 0, r-1 isa factor.
= {2m-5n)(2m+5n+3) :. r3-3r+2=(r-1)(r'+r-2)= 0
(b) ab- ad-bc+cd =a(b-d)- c(b-d) = (b-d)(a-c) (r-1)(r+2)(r- l) = 0
r = -2 (rej.) or 1

279 280
4B.9 HKCEEMA1992-l-2(b) 4B.20 HKDSE MASP-I- IO 4B.26 HKDSEMA 2016-I-14
Remainder= (1)3-2(1) 2 +3(1)-4 =-2 (a) Sx +" (,) p(-2) � p(2)
x2+2x-3) Sx3 + l2x2-9x2 -7 9 6-56+4a-2b + c = 96 +56 +4a+2b+c
b=-28
4B.10 HKCEEMA1993-1-2(dl sx3 + 10x2 - 15x Thus, we have
2x-+6x-1 4
6x +7x3 +ax2-28x+c= (£x2 +5x+8)(2x2+mx+n)
Remainder= (1)3 +(1)2= 2 2x2+4x -6
6=21 =>- l= 3
2x -1
Quotient=5x+2 =>- {7= (3)m+10 =>- m=-1
4B.11 HKCEEMA 1994-1-3
(b) (i) From (a), -28= 8(-1)+5n =>- n=-4
Remainder=k2 = (k+3)(k-2) +2 sx3+I2x2-9x-7 = (5x+2)(x2+2x-3)+(2x-l) (b) p(x) = ( 3x1 +5x+8)(2x2-x-4)
k2+k-4=k2 =>- k=4 Hence, (5x3 + 12x2-9x- 7) - (2x- l) s
i a multiple L.\.of3x2+5x+8=-71<0 =>- Norealroot
ofx2 +2x-3. a of2x2-x-4 = 33 < 0 =>- 2 distinct real roots
4B.U HKCEEMA1995-I-2 :. a=2, b=-1 p(x) = 0 has2 realroots.
(a) (a+b)2- (a-b)2 = [(a+b)- (a-b)l[(a+b) +(a-b)] (ii) (5x+2)(x2+2x-3) =0
=(2b)(2a) =4ab 2
x = - or (x+3)(x-1) = 0 =>- x=-�or- 3orl 4B.27 HKDSEMA2017-I-14
5 5
=
(b) Remainder=(- 2)3 +1=-7 (a) Using h
t edivisional algorithm.
f(x) (3x+ 7)(2x2+ax + 4) + (bx +c) =>-
4B.13 HKCEEMA 1996-1-4 4B.21 HKDSE MAPP- I - IO 6x3- I3x2-46x+34 = (3x+ 7)(2x2+ax+4)+ (bx+c)
{-1)3 -{-1)2 -3(-1)-1 = 0 (a) Sinc e itis given that the remainder when J(x) s
i dividedby Method 1
x+ 1 is a factor. x-1 is 4. Expand and compare coefficients of like terms.
f(x) = (x-1)(6x2 + 17x-2) +4
x3-x2-3x-l=0 f(-3)= (-3-!}[6(-3)2+ 17(-3)-2] +4 = 0 Method2
(x+l)(x2-2x- l) =0 f(0)=34=28+c ⇒ c=6
2 (b) From(a),x+3isafactoroff(x).
x=-1 or ±-v'4+4 =-1 orl±v'2 f(x) = 6x3 + I lx2- I9x +6 { f(l)=-19=10(6+a)+(b+6) ⇒ !Oa+b=-85
2 = (x+3)(6x2-7x+2) = (x +3)(3x-l)(x- 2 ) f(2) = -62= 13(12+2a)+(2b+6)⇒l3a+b= -1 !2
=>- b=5, a= -9

{;t;
4B.14 HKCEEMA1 998-1-9
x+c)
(a) /{2)={2)3+2{2)2-5(2)-6=0 4B.22 HKDSEMA 2012-I-13 (b (
) i) :i:;;���;) :;:�:t
x - 2 is a factor. (a) 0=k(2)3-2!{2)2+24( 2)-4 =>- k=5
f(x) -g(x) = (3x+7)(2x2-9x+4) -k(2x2-9x+4
(b) f (x) = (x-2)( x2+4x +3) = (x-2)(x+l)(x+3) = (2x2-9x+4)(3x+7-k).
4B.23 HKDSE MA2013 - I- 12 which has a factor of2x2- 9x+ 4 indeed.
4B.1S HKCEE MA2000- I-6 ' I
(a) Given: x-2 s i a factor. (ii) Roots of 2x--9x+4 = (2x- l)(x-4) are 4 and ?·
Remainder=f(-3)=2(- 3)3+6(-3)2-2(- 3)-7= -1 :. 0= 3(2)3 -7( 2)2 +k( 2)-8 =>- k=6 -
whichisnot an integer. Disagreed.
Hence,f( x) =3x3 -7x2+6x-8 = (x-2)(3x2-x+4)
4B.16 HKCEEMA200 1-I-2 =>- a=3, b=-1, c= 4
4B.28 HKDSEMA2018-I-12
(b) aof3x2-x+4=-47<0
Remainder=/(2) =(2)3 - ( 2)2+(2) -1 =5
..· Roots for 3x2 -x + 4 = 0 are not real. (
+ =

Hence, f(x)= 0 only has 1 real rooL Disagreed. a) {�::��=����/��:_:�: : ;/!!=-173

4B.17 HKCEEMA2002-I-4 ,=-19
(a) /(2) = (2)3-2(2)2-9(2)+ 18 =O {
4B.24 HKDSEMA2014 I 7 =>- b=-13 5
(b) · /(2)=0
(a) -33=f(2)= 32-20-36+c =>- c=-9 (b) f(x) = 4x(x + I)2-19x-135 =4x3+8 x-15 x-135
x-2 isa factor off(x).
f(_x) � (_x-2)(.2-9) � (x-2)(x-3)(x+3) =>- J( x)= 4x3-5x2-18x-9 = (x-3 )(4x1+20x+ 45 )
f(-1) =-4-5+18-9 =O, -20±V400-720
Roots of f(x) = 0 are 3 and which ar e
:. x+ l is a factor of f(x). 8
4B.18 HKCEEMA 2005 - 1- IO unreal. Disagreed.
(b) f(x) = (x+1)(4x1-9x-9) = (x+ 1)(4x+3)(x-3)
(a) Letf(x)=hx3+k:e. -3 . .
-6=f(2)=8 + h 2k =>- 4h +k=-3 :. The roos
t are -1. and 3, which are allratlona l. Yes.
{ 4 4B.29 HKDSE MA 2019- I-11
6=f(3)=21h+3k =>- 9h +k=2 (a) Let p(x)=(ax+b){2x2+9x+l4).
f(x)=x3-1x
4B.25 HKDSEMA2015-I-11 {5 0=p(1)=25(a+b) => a+b=2
(b) g(x)=x3-1x-6
(i) g(3)=(3)3- 7(3)-6=0
{-5=f(2)=k {h=Z -52= p(-2) =4(-2a+b) =>- 2a-b=-13
(a) 0=f(3)=(3-2?(3+h)+k =>- =
k -5
{"=' =>- Required quotient=a.x+b=5x-3
x-3 isa factorof g(x).
(ii) g( x) = ( x- 3)(x2+ 3x+2) = ( x-3)(x+l)( x+2) ( b) f( x) = (x-2)2 ( x+2)-5 =x3-2x2-3x+3 ⇒ b=-3
= (x-3)(x2+x-1) (b) p(x)=0 =>- 5x-3=0or2x2+9x+l4=0
4B.19 HKCEE MA20 07- I- 14 -1± ./1+4 L.\.of2x2+9x+l4=-31 <0
.'. The roots of f(x) = 0 are 3 and =
(a) (i) 0=/(-3)=4(-3)3 +k(-3)2 -243 =>- k=39 2 .. 2x2+9x+ 14=O has no real rt, and thus no rational rt.
-1±,/5 . . . .·. The onlyreal root ofp(;c) = 0 is g wh c
(ii) f(x) = (x+3)(4x2+27x-8l) i h si rational.
�• which are not integers. Disagreed.
= (x+3)( 4x-9)( x+9) .i e. There si 1 rational root.

281 282
 5 Formulas 6 Identities, Equations and the Nmnber System
5.1 HKCEEMA 1980(1/1*)-I-7 5.14 HKCEEMA2009-I-l 6A Simple equations 6A.9 HKCEEMA2009- I 6

�-�
a(lOO+x) b{lOO-x)

lOOa+ax= IOOb-bx ⇒
x= IOO(b-a)
S+5m
n--,- 6A.1 HKCEEMA1980(1*/3)-I-13(b)
(b) (J-2x)2=2-x
Let John ow n x stamps.
ThenMary ow ns 300-x stamps.
(300-x)+20=4x
a+b 5.15 HKCEEMA2010-I-5 4x2-3x-1=0 320=5x => x = 64
5.2 HKCEEMA 1981(2)-1-2 (a) c = 4d-2 (4x+l)(x-1)=0 => x=-�orl(rejected) :. Johnowns 64 stamps.
(b) d'=d-1 => c'=4d'-2
x' = a+bT =4(d-1)-2=4d-6
� i>-a ii-a Change inc= c' -c=(4d-6)-(4d-2) = -4 6A.2 HKCEEMA1982(2/3)-I- 7
6A.10 HKCEEMA20 l0-I-6
,---b- ⇒ y=± -b- d cre aseof 4.
i.e. a e Let $2x and$x b e the cos ts of l orange juice and 1 bottle of milk
x-5=Ji+T respectively.
5.3 HKCEEMA1993-I-2(b)
5.16 HKCEEMA 2011 I I (x-5)2 =x+I 3(2x) +5(x) = 66
6x-3 x2-Ilx+24=0 ⇒ x=8o r3 (rejected) 11x=66 => x=6
=
y � k=2_
m-4 :. Thecostofabottleofmilkis$6 .
5.4 HKCEEMA 1996 I l
6A.3 HKCEEMA l984(A)-I-3
h-a 5 .17 HKDSEMASP-I-2
6A.11 HKDSEMASP-1-5
r= I+p2
(8)-(6) 2 b=� (l+ v2)' - [(I+v2J']' - (I +2v2+2)'
Let thechampion w i nx gam es.
Hence, r= l-a
l+(-4)2 =u -(3+2v2)' The nit has 36 - x draw s.
5.18 HKDSEMAPP-I-2 3(x)+l(36-x)=84
5.5 HKCEEMA 1998 I 5 =9+12,/2+8= 17+12,/2
2x = 48 => X=24
b-a a = 2b-5 .·. The champion wins 24 gam es.
x-- -
2-a �
6A.4 HKCEEMA 1984(A/B)-I-6
5.6 HKCEEMA 1999 2
'
5.19 HKDSEMA2012-I- 2 6A.12 HKDSEMA 20I 2 I 5
Let-Ji=u ⇒ u2 -5u-6=0
7b-8
-,- Let there be x m ale guards.
X= a-b a- u=6or-l
-.ft= 6 or-1 (rejected) ⇒ x = 36 Then ht ere are 132 -x female guards.
5.7 HKCEEMA 2000 I 1 132-x X

"
5.20 HKDSEMA2013-I-2 = +4
(30)=�(F-32) ⇒ F=96 -,- 6
132-x=x+24 => x=54
k=--
9 6A.5 HKCEE MA 2003 I 6
5.8 HKCEEMA2001-I 6 3-2h . ·. Th ere are 54 male guards.
Letx and y first- and economy-class tickets be sold r espectively.
x=2y-3 5.21 HKDSEMA2014-I-5
{x+y = 600 {x=l50
Ify '=y+I, X=2/-3 7-5m => y= 6A.13 HKDSEMA2013 I 4
(a) n = � y=3x 450
=2(y+I)-3=2y-1
7-5m' Sumof money = 150 x $850 +450 x $500 = Let theprices of a pear and an ora nge b e $x and $y e s ectively.
r p
Increase inx=x! -x = (2y-1)- (2y- 3) = 2 {b) m1=m+2 =,, ,i--- {7x+3y=47 {l)
2 $352500
5.9 HKCEEMA 2003 -I - 1 7-5(m+2) -3-Sm 5x+6y=49 (2)
2, 2 2 6A.6 HKCEEMA2004- T - 7 2(1)-(2): 9x:a::45 ⇒ x=5
m= x-2 Changeinn =n' -n - 3 5
= - m-
?-Sm -
= 5 Let x oranges and y apples b ebought. :. Th epriceofapear is$5 .
5.10 HKCEEMA 2004 I 2 2 2 2x+3y = 46 ⇒ {X= 14
{
Method I ay-xy = 2 5.22 HKDSEMA2015-l-2 x+y=20 y=6 6A.14 HKDSEMA2015-I-7
a-7
ay-2 4-, :. 14oranges were bought.
ay-2=xy ⇒ x=-- b - Let Ada and Billy own 4x and x app les.
4x-12 = x+12
a-x= - 5.23 HKDSEMA 2016 2 6A.7 HKCEEMA 2007 I 7
3x=24 * x=B
y _-_ Billyo w ns 8 apples and Ada4(8) =32 apples.
2 2 BC
x---
L et therebe x elderly patients.
a=-+x =>
y
x=a--
y A-4C The n there wee r 67 -x non-elderly patients.
6A.15 HKDSE MA 2017 I 4
120x+160(67-x) = 9000
5.11 HKCEEMA2005 5.24 HKDSEMA2017 I I I 0720-40x = 9000 L et xregular and y concessionary tickets be sold that day.
P-2bc x= (10720-9000)+6=43 {x=5y {y = 72
= y=
3x
a b+3c k+l .·. There wer 43elderly patients. 126x+78y=50976 ⇒ x=5(72)=360
5.12 HKCEE MA2007 - I- 1 360 + 72 = 432 tickets were s old that day.
7 5.25 HKDSEMA2018-I-l
= 3q+ 6A.8 HKCEEMA2008 -I 3
p -r- 2
b = a+5 (a) m = i or 3 (correspondi ng n = 2or 1) 6A.16 HKDSEMA2019-l-3
5.13 HKCEEMA2008 I-6 3
(b) 2x2+5x+k;;:;2x2+(m+2n)x+mn (17-3r) 2 = 242+(l3+r)2
(a) 4(2s+t)=3(s+2r) 5.26 HKDSEMA2019 I I . {5=m+2n =
289- l02r+9r2 576+ 169+26r+r2

(b) s+(fs) =959 ⇒ r=f(254) = 635 h= s-1

4
k =4-27k
Companng coefficient� of liketer m s,
=
k mn 8r2-128r-456=0 => r=-3or19(rejected)
: . Pos sible values of k are(1 )(2) = 2 a nd (3)(1) = 3only

283 284
6B Nature of roots of quadratic equations 6C Roots and coefficients of quadratic 6C.9 HKCEEMA 1993-I-2(f) 6C.15 HKCEEAM 1989 I 11
equations r=-(sumofrools) s- = product ofroots a+/3=-p
6B.l HKCEEMA 1988 I 4
--[1+(-2))-1 = (l){-2) = -2 {
(a) af3 = q
(a) 6.=0
{k+l)2-36=0
6C.l HKCEE:MA 1980(1/1*/3)-I-3
=
(i) a2+f3 2 (a:+ f3)2-2a:f3= (-p) 2-2q
k+1=±6 => k=Sor-7 product of rl=-5/2, k=-9 =p 2-2q
6C.10 HKCEEMA 1993 I 6
(b} When k= -7, (*) becomes (ii) a 3+f3 3=(a+f3)(a 2 -af3+f3 2)
O
(a) Fromthe equation, a/3 = S� =250 � (a+P)[(a+P)'-JaPJ
9x2+6x+I = 0
I
6C.2 HKCEEMA 1982(2/3) I I =
= (- p) [(-p)2-3( q)] 3pq- p 3
I3x+l)·=0
' => x=-3(repeated)
d-+,J = (a-b}2-2ab: {10)2 -2{k) = 100-21,;
Area of photograph=250
(iii) (a2 -,13-l)(,62-a-l)
(b) (i) Perimeler=2(a+f3) =2(�) =m = a 2 ,a2_ (a 3+/33)-(a 2 + µ 2 )+a/3+(a+/3 )+1
6B.2 HKCEEMA 2007 -I- 5 = ( q)2-(3 pq-p 3)-(p 2- 2 q)+(q)+(-p)+l
6C.3HKCEE MA1983(B) I 14 (ii) Areaofborder=(a+4)(/3+4)-a/3
l><O =4(a+/3)+16=4m+ 16 ::= p 3-p 2+q2-3p q+3 q - p + 1
142-4k<0 ) {
a+f3=2m (b) The given informationmeans either
4k> 196 => k> 49 {a af3=n a 2-,8=1 or/32-a::=l
(i) (m-a)+(m-{3) =2m-(a+f3)=2m-(2m)=0 6C.11 HKCEEMA 1995 I 8 => (a:2-[3-1)([32-a-1)=0
6B.3 HKCEEAM 1980 I I (ii) (m-a)(m-f3)=m 2-(a+f3) m+af3 (a) a a ndf3are therootsoftheequation (k)=i1-3x -4 p3 _ p 2+q2-3pq+3q-p+ 1 = 0
2x2+x+5 = k(x+1) 2 => (2-k)x1+(1-2k)x+ (5-k) = 0 =m 2 -(2m)m+(n) =n-m 1 => i1-3x-4-k=0 q2 -3(p-l)q+p 3-p 2-p+ I= 0
No real roots => 6.<0 (b) By (a),the equation is (i) a+/3=3 q2-3(p- I)q+p 2(p- I)-(p-1) = 0
(l -2.i:}2-4(2-k)(S-k) < 0 Jr-(sum)x+(product)= 0 (ii ) a/3=-4-k q2 -3(p- l)q+(p- l)(p2-1) =0
i1-(0)x+(n-m 2 )=0 => i1+n-m 2=0 (b) BP=2PA => /3=2(-a)=-2a q2-3(p- l)q+(p- l) 2(p+1) =0
24k-39<0⇒k< 39/24 Hence, a+/3=4 => a+(-2a)=3 (c) t..>O
6B.4 HKCEEAM 1998-1-3
6C.4 HKCEEMA I985(A/B)-I-5 a=-3 => f3=6 9(p- l) 2 - 4(p-1) 2(p+l) i 0
(-3)(6) = af3 =-4-k => k=14 (p-1)'[9-4(p+l)k 0
a2-6a+2k=O a+f3=-k
(I) (p-1)2(5-4p)�O
{a 2 -Sa+k=O (2)
{af3 l = 6C.12 HKCEEMA1997-I 8 Since(p-1)2 �0, 5-4p�0 ⇒ p<�
(1)-(2) => -a+k=O :a:> a=k (a) (i) (a+2)+(/3+2 )=(a+f3)+4=4-k -4
7 4 " ,, 5 k
Hence the equation becomes (ii) (a+2)(/3+ 2)=af3+2(a+f3)+4=5- 2k (a) a+/3=2_, a/3=2_=2 (d) 4x-+5x+k=0 ¢i- r+; + =0
k2-6k+2k=0 (b) p=-{sumofroots)=-(4-k)= k-4 f 4
= (b) Sumofroots=(a+2)+(/3+2)
=5 k
k2-4k= 0 ⇒ k=Oor4 q product o roots=
f 5-2k
=(a+/3)+4= (2) +4=�
Putp
4
andq= into (b):
4
6C.5 HKCEEMA 1986( A/B)-I-7
l I l m+n b b =af3+2(a+f3)+4
2
Product of root s::= (a+2){/3 +2)
2
(¾J'-,(¼l (¾l +(¼)' GJ-o
(a)-=-+-=--=- => mn=- 4J...2-12k+9=0 => k=�
a m n mn mn a = (2)+2G)+4=13 2
(b ) m2 +n2=(m+n) 2 -2mn=(b)2 -2(;) =b2 - �
Hence, required equation is Jr- �x+ 13 0 =
6C.6 HKCEEMA 1987(A/B)-I-5 => 2r-f5x+ 26= 0
6C.16 HKCEE AM 1990 I 4
{a+P-�k (a) a:+,6=k+2, a/3=k
6C.13 (HKCEEAM 1984-1-5)
(b) {a+l )(,6+2)=4
af3 =2 a+/3=2 af3+2a+f3+2=4
2 (a) {a/3 = -{m 2 -m+ 1)
= (�) -2(2) = �-4
af3+(a+f3)+a+2=4
(a) a 2+f32=(a+f3)2-2af3
k k- (a-/3) 2 = (a+ f3) 2-4af3= ( 2) 2+4(m 2- m + I) (k+2)+(k)+a+2 = 4 ⇒ a=-2k
a f3 a 2+f32 ¾¥-4 -4nlZ-4m+8 Hence, putting a=-2k into th e equation;
(b) 13+ a=(l,B= � = JJ -2 :(x-112)¾-7/4 (-2k)'-(k+2)(-2k) +k- 0
..>714>0
6C.7 HKCEEMA 1990-I-6 forany value ofm.
a+f3 -p
(a) a+f3=-p => -2=- -=2 => p=4 Cb) From(a), minimU�f3)Z"" 7/4;
2 :. m inimumofV(a-,6) 2= 71-4:
2
(b) a +f3 =(a+f3) -2af3=26
2 2

4 -2(q)= 26 => q=-5

2 6C.17 HKCEEAM 1991 I 7
6C.14 HKCEEAM 1987 I 5
(a) Fromthefirstequation,p+q=2-k
6C.8 HKCEEMAI991 I 7 (a).6.>0 => 16-4p>O => p<4 Fromt eh second equation, pq+k( p+q) = I
= 4 pq=l-k(2-k)
a+/3 -�=-2 !bl {a:+f3 - =(k+J) 2
a,B =p
{
a
�
f3=w
=
O a 2+ µ 2+a 2f3 2+3(a+ ,6)-19 (b) Sumofroots=p+q= 2-k
= (a +/3 ) 2 - 2a/3 +(a:/3) 2 +3(a+f3)-19 Product of roots= (k+I)2
(a) 4 "' x4fi=4 a+.B=4-2=� =(-4) 2 -2(p)+(p)2+3(-4)- l9 :. Required equation: il-(2-k)x+ (k+ 1)2 0 =
16 =p2-2p-15 = (p-5)(p+3)
= = I
(b) logioa+log 10,B log1oaf3 log10 To=-1 => p =5 (rejected) or -3

285
6C.18 HKCEEAM 1992-I-9 6C.23 (HKCEEAl\112011- I- 7) 6D Complex numbers
(a) A= (p+ 1)2 -4(p-l) =p2 -2p +5 (a) L\"" (k+2)2-4k=,(:2 +4
=(p+l) 2 +4?:4>0 ;?: 0+4 > 0 6D.1 HKDSEMAPP I 17
Hence, thetwo roots are real and dislincl. :. The roots are real and distinct. I l(l-2i) 1-Zi 1 2
) 1+2i (1+2i)(l-2i) 1 2+2 2 5-5 i
(a =
{a:+/3=
=
- + (b) If a= ,jjfi and a =f. /3 (from (a)),
(bl = (p I )
a/3 p-1 then a= -/3.
=
(a- 2)(/3 - 2) a - 2(a+ /3) +4 a+f3=0 =;,- k=-2
=
(p-1)+2(p+I)+4=3p+5
(c) (i) /3<2<0: "? a-2>0 and /3-2<0
6C.24 HKDSE MA PP- I - 17
(a-2)(,8-2)<0
3p+5<0 => p<-3
5 (a)
1 1(1-Zi) =
1-2i
=!-� i
1 +2i (1 +2i)(l -2i) 12 +22 5 5
(ii) {a: -/3)2=(a:+/3)2-4af3<24
(p+I)2-4(p-1) < 24 (b) (i) By(a),therootsarelOG-�i) =2-4iand2+4i.
(p-1)2 <20 {P = -(sum of roots) = -4

. .
l--/26<p< I+,/20
=
Together with (c)(1), l -v20 < p < -3
5
q = product of roots=22 +42 = 20
(ii) The equation becomesx2-4x+ (20-r) = 0.
Possible integral values = -3 and -2 t. ;;:o
16-4(20-r);?:0 =;,- r;?:16

6C.19 HKCEE AM 1993 I 3

{a+/3=-p n (a+3)+(/3+3)=- q
a d {
af3=q (a+3)(/3+3)=p
a+/j=-q-6
{
⇒ aj3=p-3(a+f:5)-9=4p-9
-p=-q-6
{
q=4p-9 ⇒ {::�5
6C.20 (HKCEE AM 1995-1-10)
(a) f(a)=g(a)
l2a2 +2pa-q= I2o:2 +2qa-p
2a.J.,p.-q'[= -.1,p.-q'[ (': p,q aro distinct)
-1
2o:=-l => o:=-
2
-p I
=> /3=6+2
-p. -I p
=
=> r u..,.. 2 =6

6C.21 HKCEE AM 1998 I ?

{a+P�2
0:/3=7
Sum of roots=(o:+2) + (,6 +2) =(a:+ /3) +4
= (2)+4=6
=
Product of roots= (a:+2)(/3 +2) a+2(a+ ,B) +4
=(7 )+2(2)+4=15
:. Required equation: x?- -6x+ 15 =0

6C.22 HKCEE AM 2000 I

(a) a+/3=2-p, af3=p
(b) a. 2 +/3 2=11
(a+f3) 2 -2af3 = 11
(2-p)2-2(p) 11 =
µ2-6p-7=0 => p=7or-1

287 288
 7 Functions and Graphs 7B.7 HKCEEMA 2009 I- 12 7B.ll HKCEEAM1991 I 9
(a) (i) x=II (a) g(x) = -2x2-12x-23 =-2(x2 +6x+9 -9)-25
7A General functions 7B Quadratic functions (ii) (11,23) =-2(x+3)2 -s
(b) (i) Puty=5: 5=-2{x-11)2+23 :5-5<0
7A.l HKCEEMA 1992-I-4 7B.1 HKCEEMA1982(1/2/3)-I-11 (x-11)2=9 ==> x=li±3 =8orl4 (b) (i) f(x) +kg(x) = 0
(a) (i) x2-2x=x(x-2) (a) Since DA and OB are the rootsofthe equation, Distance between P and Q =14-8 = 6 (x' +2x-2)+k(-2x2-12x-23) = 0
(ii) x2-6x+8=(x-2)(x-4) (i) OA+OB= 10 (ii) Regardless of the positionof S, for MQS, (I -2k)x2 +2(1-6k)x-(2+23k) =0
_1_ __1__ -l- 1 (ii) OAxOB=k PQ = 6, Corresponding height=5 Equalrts ==> ii= 0
(b) + ~ +
x2-2x x2 -6x+8 x(x-2) (x-2)(x-4) OA OB -- OA+OB
-d :. Ar eaof PQRS 4 (1 -6k)2 +4(1-2k)(2+ 23k) = 0
(b) (i) OM+ON=2+ = = Areaof MQR+ Areaof MQS tok2-7k- 3=0
(x-4)+(x)
= ½(6)(23- 5)+ ½(6)(5) = 69
1 2
x(x-2)(x-4) = A B)=OA: 0B =� -3
(ii) OMx ON (� )(� k=lor
2x-4 10
(c) (i) -p=OM+0N=5 ⇒ p=5 7B.8 HKCEEMA 2010-1-16
x(x-2)(x-4)
-1 ,
2.(x,----21 2 r=0Mx0N=
k (a) (i) f(x) = (x- -72x) -6
x_v:.--2Y(x-4) x(x-4) 4 144
(ii) OM+ON = 5 =>- ON=S-2=3
k = .=.!:.er-
144
12.i:+362 -362 J -6
7A.2 HKCEEMA 1993-l-2(a) 4=0MxON ⇒ k=4x2 x3=24 7B.12 (HKCEEAM1993-l-10)
=.=.!:._(x-36)2+3 ==> Verrex=(36,3)
(3)2+1 144 1
j( 3 )= =S 7B.2 HKCEEMA1992- I- 9 (a) Puty=O: - -[2x2+(k+7)x+4]=0
(3)-1 7B.9 HKCEEMA2011-I-11 k+l
(a) (i ) b=2a2-4a+3 2x2+(k+7)x+4=0
Areaof OAPB = a(2a 2 -3a+ 3)=2.a3 -4a2 +3a (a) Letf(x)=hr+kx. k+7
7 A.3 HKCEEMA2006-I l 0 28=J{-2)=4h-2k h=l Sumofrt5=-- -, Productofrt5=2
(ii ) When a=2a2 -4a+3, 2
(a) (i) l=f(l)=(l-a)(l-b)(2 )-3 3 {
-36=f(6)=36h+6k => k=-12
{ PQ = Differenceof rts
f
⇒ (a-l)(b-1)=2
(i) Since a - I and b - 1 are both integers and (b) (i)
b-l>a-1,
2a2-5a+3=0 ⇒ a=lor

2a 3 -4a2+3a=�
2 :. f(x) =x2 -l2x
(b) (i) f(x)=x2-12x=(x-6)2-36 => k=-36
1= ✓(- ?
k; )' -4(2)
(k 7 2
a-1�1 a�2 4a3-8a2+6a=f (ii) Putx=10. 1 = + ) -8
{ a, { y=3(10 -6)2- 36=2 ::::,. A=(I0,2) 4
b-1=2 b=3 4a3 -&r+6a-3 =0 2
(k+7) =36
k = ±6-7 = -13 or -1 (r�jected)
(ii) [Out of syllabus] y=(l0) 2 -12{10)=-20 => D=(l0,-20)
(b) f(x) -g(x) Since the graphs are sy!l1Illetric about the common
= (x-2)(x-3)(x+ 1) - 3-(x3-6x2- 2x+ 7) axis ofsymmetry x=6, (bl�
B = (6 - (1 0-6),2) = (2, 2)
=2x2+3 x-4 7B.3 HKCEEMA1994-1-8 From (a), PQdoes not exist when
(a) c = y-intercept = 6 )'
f( x) �g(x) C = {10-(10-6),-20) = (2,-20) +7 -8<0
(k2
=> 2x2+3x-4=0 aj3 = product ofroots=6 AreaofABCD = (2-(-20))(1 0 -2) = 176
- 3±J§"+TI -3±,/41 (b) a+J3=sumofroots=-b (k+7)2 <32
x== 7B.10 HKCEE AM 1988- I- JO -7- JTI<k< -7+.JTI
4 4 (c) (a-j3)2=(a+fJ)2-4a/3=(-W-4(6)
=b1-24 Sumofrts=-2 Method2
(a) (i) Fo,f(x). {
7A.4 HKDSEMA20l6-I-3 1
Area of !.::.ABC= :,(a-,8)(6) Prod of rts = -1
_2_ 3 2(1-6x)+3(4x-5) Su m ofru=2k
+ �3(a-�)�3vb'-24 Forgx,
( ) {
4x-5 1-6x (4x-5)(1 -6x) Prodofrt;;=A.2-6
-13 7B.4 HKCEEMA 1999 I 7 PQ=Difference of rtsoff(x)
( 4x-5)(1 -6x) � JHJ'-4(-1) -v'8
c = y-intercept=-6 RS= Difference of rtsof g(x)
Wheny=O, x2-x-6=0 => x=-2or3 = J(2k)2-4(k�-6) =y24 C(l): y=4(2x' +8x+4)=x2+4x+2
7A.5 HKDS EMA2019-I-2 {
C(-2): y == -1(2x2+sx+4) = -2.r-sx-4
a=-2, b=3 (c) (i)
. Sumofrts
3 2 3 (5x-4)- 2(7x-6) (ii) M1d-ptofRS=( -- -,o) =(k,0)
7x-6 Sx-4
- = (7x-6)(5x-4)
x
(7x-6)(5x- 4)
2
_,
=> 3x2+9x+6=0
7B.5 HKCEE MA2004 - I - 4 x=-2or-1 ==> y=-2or-1
i also the mid-point of PQ, k = - =-J •
Ifthis s
b=y-inter cept=-25 2 :. Pts of intersectionare (-2,-2) and (-1,-1).
Put(a,O): 0=-a2 +!0a-25 => a=5(repeated) y f(x) => x2+2x-J =-x2+2kx-k2+6
= (ii) Putx=-2intoC(k):
(b) {
y=g(x)
2?+2(1-k)x+J..2 -7=0
RHS = k!l [2(-2) +(k+7)(-2)+4]
2

7B.6 HKCEE MA2008 I t l (,!<) 1

ll=4(1-k)2 -S(k2-7) =0 ---(-2k- 2)=-2
(a) Put(4,9): 9=(4)2 +b(4)-15 => b=2 k +l
k2+2k-15=0 ==> k=-5or3 (-2,-2) i s onC(k) for any k.
Hence, 0=x2+2x- 15=(x+5)(x-3)
=> x-intercept= -5 and3 Fork=-5,(*)becomes 2.r+l2x+l8=0 Putx= -1 into C(k):
2(x+3) 2 = O 1
(b ) x1+2x-l5=k => x1+2x-(15+k)=0 x=-3 RHS =- -[2(-I) 2+ (k+7)(-1)+4]
k+l
=> Intersection=(-3 , (-3)2+2(-3) -1) = {-3,2)
· 2distinctroots 1
b>O -- -(-k-1)=-1
Fork=3,(*)becomes 2.r-4x+2=0 k+l
4+4(15+k) > 0 => k> -16 {-1,-1) is on C( k) for any k.
2(x-1 )2 =0
(c) When ti.=O, there isonly Iintersection. i.e. k= -16. x=l
:. Requiredlineis y=-16. ==> Intersection=(I,1 2+2(1)-1)=(1,2)

289 280
7B.13 HKCEE AM 1998 - I-11 7B.15 HKCEE AM 2002- 11 7B.18 HKDSEMA201S-I-18 7C Extreme values of quadratic functions
a( ) f{x):x2-2x-6=(x-I) 2 -7 => C=(l,-7) (a) 8=(-4k)2 -4(2)(3k1+5):-8!?-40
(a) f(x)= x2-kx=x2-kx + - 7C.1 HKCEE MA 1985(A/B) -I -13
Gr Gt y=x2-2x-6 -S:-40<0
{
y=2x+6 .-. Itdoesnotcutthex•axis. (a) DE 2 =Bfil+BE2 -2-BD-BEcosLB
� (x-ff-f (b) f(x)=2x2-4kx+3k1+5 =(2-x)2+x2-t(2-x)(x�
=c;- x2-2x-6=2x+6
,.2-
t k = 2(x2-2kx+k1-k1) +3.i.2 +5 =3x2- 6x+4
Correspondingx= 2 x2-4x-12=0 ==> x=6or-2
Leastvalue=-
4. A=(-2,2(-2)+6) = (-2,2) =2(x-k)2+k2+5 (b) Area of 6.DEF = ½DE-DEsin60"
y=).2-kx B = (6,2(6) +6) = (6, 18) Vertex= (k,A.2 +5)
(b) { ==> x2-kx=-X = I (3r-6x+4
' ) ,/3 •z
y=-x
7B.19 HKDSEMA2016 T-18 2
x(x-k+1)=0 (b) /(x)S: g(x)when-2-S:x:5:6
In this range. the horizontal line y = k intersects the = ,/3( 3r-6x+4)
x=0ork-1 ==> y=0or1-k (a) f(x)=-!..(x2-36x)-l2l T '
:. The intersections ra e (0,0)and (k- L 1-k). parabolay= J(x) atone point, undthus f(x) = k has only 3 3
one root. = 1 (x2-2x+�)
(c) (i) Y = -�(x2-36x+182 - 182 ) -121
2<k$.6 or k=-7 I)
y=f{x) = -�(x - 18)2- 13 =4 ..r-2x+I+3
3,/3(,
Vertex= (18,-13) 3
(0 0) 7B.16 HKCEEAM2003 17 = y'3(x-l)2+ ,/3
-4-,�--+-x 4 4
Let J{x) = -(x- a) 2 + b, where a and bare real. Point Pis 7B.20 HKDSEMA2017-I-18 ·. Minimum area is attained when x = I.
the vertex f
o the gr,:1.phof y = J(x). y = 1.r- 2kx+2x-3k+8
() { 7C.2 HKCEEMA1982(1/2)-1-12
2,-2) (a) P= (a,b) a y== 19
(b) (i) g(x)=(x-b)2+a ⇒ 2x2+2(1-k)x-(3k+11)=0 (a) LetP:ax+bx2.
)'=g(x) Sine c Q(b,a) ison the graphofy = J(x), 80000=20a+400b =c;- a+20b=4000
A =4(1 -k) 2+8(3k+I l)
(ii) f(x)S:g(x) =;, 0:5:xS:2 a=-b ( -a)2+b =;, (b-a)2=b-a {
= 4(k1- 2k+ l+6k+22) 8 7500 = 35a+ 1225b "9 a+ 35b = 2500
(3 9 g (a)=(a-b)2+a =4(k2+4k+23)
u off(x) = - )' = -
Leastva!c =(b -a)+a=b => {
a=6000
==> P = 6000x - 100x2
4 4 =4(k+2)2 +76 2: 76 > 0 b=-100
(d) f(x) $g(x) Y (a,b)=Plies ony=g(x). : . T here are 2 distinctintersections.
y=f(x) (ii) )'=f(x)touchesthex•axiS =c;- b=0 Z(l k) Hence,whenx= 15, P=5000(15) -100(15) 2 =67500.
,:,;,- 0Sx:5:2 a+ b=- ; =k-1

*'
From(b)(i), (b -a)2 -(b-a)=0 (b) P= -100(x2-60x) = -100(x2-60x+302 -302 )
I
(b) (i) { -(3k+11) =90000-(x-30) 2
,:,;,- Least/(x) --',--+----+--➔• (b-a)(b-a-1) = 0 ab~--,-­
'9 a=b or a=b-1 i.e.a=90000, b=l, c=30
=

Thus,there are two cases: (a-b)2 = (a+b)2-4ab (c) WhcnPismaximum, x=30.

c�clca~b- 0 = (k- 1)2 +2(3k+l l)=k2+4k+23
y=g (x) y=g(x ) (ii) (a- b)2 = (k+2)2 +19 7C.3 HKCEEMA1988-I 10
Minimum value of (a-b)2 = 19
7B.14 HKCEEAM2Q00 I-12 (a) Lety=ax+bx2
"9 Minimum distanceofAB=v'I9 > 4
(a) !).off(x)=(-4m)2+4(5m2 -6m+l) :. NO -5=a+b => a=-6
=36m2 -24m+4 { -8=2a+4b { => y=i2--6x
b= 1
X

=4(3m -1)2 �0
p

7B.21 HKDSE MA 2018 18 Hcnce,whenx=6,y=(6)2-6(6)=0

Sincem7" }, .l7'0. (a) LetJ(x)=hx2+kx. (b) y=x2-6x+9-9 = (x-3)2-9
Leastpossiblevalue ofy = -9
y~f(x)
Thus, .l > 0. and f(x)has 2 distinctreal roots. C�o2ca~-I,b~O ·fry 60=f(2)=4h+2k
{ 99=/(3) =9h+3k a>
{11=3
4m�v'X = 4m±2�m-1) y=g(x) k=24
(b) (i) x= 7C.4 HKCEEMA2011-I 12
:. J(x)=3x2+24x
* = 4m+2(3m-1) Sm -I (b) (i) f(x) =3(x2+8x)=3(x2+8x+l6-16) (a) LC=I80"-L.B=90" (int.Ls,AB//DC)
/3
X

=3(x+4) 2 -48 LDPC = 180 ° -LAPD-LAPB (adj. Ls onst line)

p
a_ 4m-2(3m-l)
m+I Q� (-4,-48)
2 y =J( x) LPAB=180°-LB-LAPB (Lsumof6)
=90° -LAPB
(ii) (1) 4<f3=5m-l <5 =;--
7B.22 HKDSE MA 2020 I 7 = 90° -LAPB = i.DPC
7a Sinccthccqlllllion p(x)o.0,i.c. 4x-'+12x+co.0.haseqa.alroots. In .6.ABP and 6.PCD,
(2) Sketch A: 7B.17 HKDSEMA2012-I- 13 LB=LC=90° (proved)
The parabolashould open upwards as theleadni g (a) 0=k(2)3-21(2)2+24(2)-4 =;-- k=5 Ll=O i.DPC=LPAB (proved)
coefficientis positive. (b) P=(m,0) =;,- Q=(m,I5m2 -63m+72) 12'-4(4)(c)=0 LPDC=LAPB (L.. sum of D.)
Sketch B: Areaof OPQR =m(1Sm2 -63m+72) c=9 D.ABP~D.PCD (AAA)
I<m<� ==> 1-<a=-m+I<0 = 15m3 - 63m2 + 72m AB PC
The root shouldbe larger than-1. (b) (corr. sides,~ 6.s)
(c) !5m3 - 63m2 +72m= 12 o�p(x)-169 BP = CD
Sketch C: 3{5m2 -21m2+24m-4) = 0 3 11-x
f(x) =x2-4mx-(5m 2 -6m+ !) 4x-'+l2x+9-169=0
(m-2)(5mL JJm+2)=0 (by(a)) x' >3x-40=0
=x 2-4mx+4m2 -9m2 +6m-1
=

(m-2)(5m-l)(m-2) = 0 3k= llx-x2 ==> x2-llx +3k=0

;: -k-
=(x-2m)2 -(3m-J)2 (x+S)(x-5)=0
J . • . x�-8 or 5 1
.=;- Minvalueoff(x)=-(3m-1)2 m = 2. 5 or-2 (re;ectedas Pis m Quad I) (c) A�0 "9 ( -l1)2 -4(3k)�0 =c;- k:5: :;
1 <m<! => -4.225<-(3m-1) 2 <-4 Therefore, thex-intcro,ptsofth� graph of y� p(x}-169 an: -s and 5. Hence, thegret
a se tintegralvalue of k is 10.
Thus the minvalue hs ould eb smallerht an -1.

29' 292
7B.23HKDSEMA2020-I 17 7C.5 HKCEEAM 1986-1-3 7D Solving equations using graphs of functions
f(x) = -hr+ 18x+4k 7D.1 HKCEE MA 1980(3)- I-16
17a g(;i,)=i'-2.bc+2k'+ 4
• 18 (' ' (' '
=-k [x--yx+ k) - k) ] +4k y = 2Sx-i'
(·")'
=x"-2.b:+ 2 +n-+4- 2
. . (·")' ' ' 81
{a) 30=25x-x3 ⇒ {
y=30
"'(:.-k)' +k'+4 =-k (x-k) + +4k Addy=30 => x= 1.3 or4.2
T
Tu=fow,th<::coo�ofthcvcrtcxofthegr:,phof Y=f(:.) aro (b) (i) AC2=fil-+h2 =2b2
�+4k=45
k 52 =h2 +( A�r

SlQi::<:d,ogmphof _v=g(:.+2) ..,,.bcobtnincdhytranmtinglbcl""!'hof 25=h2 +�b2 => b=VS0-2hl

2
V= � = �(50-2h2 )h
i
.Y=g(x) ldhv=lsby2talits.weknnwthat Dac(k-2,k'+4). 7C.6 HKCEEAM 1996-1-4
(a) .2-6x+ 11 = (x-3)2+2 Ji2h
= 3(25h-h3)
Sincolhc,,111phcf y=-g(x-2) d!Dboobtnincdbyttnmloting!hcfl"l'Ph a=-3, b=2
• {ii) 20=�(25h-h3 ) => 20=25h-h3
of Y"'g(,:) <JSl,.IW!lrds.by2lJ;tll!sfollowe<lbyr�thuuultinggraph (b) .r-6.x+ll>2 9 ���� I 3
.:c2-6x+ll <2 From(a), h=l.3or4.2.
I I
nl1mgtho:Ml<;,,, wclmowthnt E=(k+2.-{.t' +4))=(1:+2,-k'-4).
O< .:c2-6x+ll 2
<
LetMhe the mid-pcin! o£D£ o,>d O be !he cir=trc of WEF.
(k-2)+{k+2) (!"+4)+(-k'-4)) 7C.7 HKDSEMA2013-T-17 70.2 HKCEEMAJ98l(l)-l-11
Mc [ , • e
J (a) f(x) =-x2+36x = -(.2-36x+ 182-18 2) (a) Oncside=xcm
20-2;,;
=(k.O) .
=-(x-18}2+324 The other side= - - = 10-x (cm)
2
S!IP!lO'IO thorc cxim ,ucl, n point F. Vertex= (18,324) y=x(lO-x) = 10x-x2
OM l-DE (cimiul01:11trcofWEF) (b) (i) y = 18.4
08 3x
The,lopecfOMx"l1u,.,lopeofD£=-1 (b) (i) A=x(1 ; ) =f(36x-x2)
(ii) Addy= 12 => x= l.4or8.6
o-s)k°H)-(-k'--4) (ii) Max value of A= f(324) (by (a))
k-o (k-2)-{k+2) _1 (iii) Greatest area=y-coordinate of vertex= 25
=486 < 500
--6(k'+�)=4k :. NO.
7D.3 HKCEEMA 1983(A)-I-14
=-140 (a) V=k(7-2k)2=4k3-28k2+49k
Hoo=,th=la110:""1.,,luti1m.toksoconttodfoti®..,;,.,,s_ y = 4x3-28x2+49x
(b) 4x3-28x2+49x:::=20 => {
Thcrrofow. !hon, is no •uob a poi<,I F. y=20
Addy=20 => x=0.6, l.9or4.5
(c) k = 0.6 or 1.9or 4.5 (rejected)

7D.4 HKCEEMA 1985(A)-I-12

•
r+x-1=0=> y = x3+x
{
Y=I
Addy::= I => x=0.7
(b) (i) (x+I) 4 -(x-1) 4
= [( x+ 1) 2+(x- 1) 2][(.x+ 1) 2 -(x-1)2]
= (2,,2 +2)(4x) = 8x3 +8x
(ii) 8x3+8x=8 => x3+x-l=O
By (a)(ii). x=0.69 .

7D.S HKCEEMA 1985(B)-I-12

(a) Since !:,.ABC and thus 6BPQ are right-angled isosceles.
QR=(l6-2x)cm.
Area of PQRS=x(16-2x) =2(8x-x2) (cm2)
(b) (i) The greatest area is attained wben x= 4.
(ii) 28=2(8x-x2)
{)'=Sx-x2
14 = 8x-x2 =>
)'= 14
Addy= 14 ==> x=2.6or5.4 .

293
7D.6 HKCEEMAI986(B)-I-14 7E Transformation of graphs of functions 7E.4 HKDSEMA2018 I 18
(a) c =y-intercept = 6 ( ) Letf(x) = hx2 + kx.
a
Roots=-2and3 => {�;:= C-2)(3) => a=-I 7E.1 HKCEEMA2010 I 16
(a) (i) f(x)=2(x2-72x)-6
{
60=f(2)=4h+2k
{
h=3
-;.=(-2)+(3) => b=l 99=f(3)=9h+3k ==> k=24
)44
y=-x 2+x+6 f(x) = 3x2 + 24x
(b) (i) (x+2)(x-3)=-l ==;, { = .=.!..cx2-12x+362-36 2)-6 (b) (i) f(x)=3(x2+Sx)=3(x2+8.x+16-16)
y=-1 144
Addy=-1 .=;- X=-2.2or3.2 =�(x -36)2+3 =3(x+4)2-48
144 :, Q~(-4 ,-48 )
Vertex= (36,3) (ii) R=(-4,75)
7D.7 HKCEEMA1987 (A)-I-14
(ii) g(x )=f(x+4)+5= ;�(x-32)2 +8 (ill) QR= 75 -(-48) = 123
y = x3-6x2+9x SQ= v'602+48i = v'59Q4
(a) (i) x3-6x2+9x-1=0 => { x 32J2 +3+5
(iii) h (x) = 2J(x+-4) +5 =2il:\-(-
y=I RS=✓602 +752=-/§225
Add y=l => x=0.I,2.3or3.5 (b) (i) When u = B, B = 2/(.,) Hence, QR2 = s(f +RS2 . L'i.QRS is right-Led at S.
-I , (converse of Pyth. thm)
y=x3-6x2+9x 3 =f(s) = 4(s-36)-+3
(c) { 14 :. Pis the m id-point of QR.
y= k s=36
To have 3 intersections, 0 < k < 4. : . The temperature is 36"C.
7E.5 HKDSEMA2019 I 19
-4
(ii) From the table. {' = s .
7D.8 HKCEEMA 1997 I 13 v=u+5 (a) /(4) = ! ((4)2+ (6k -2)(4) + (9k+25))
1 k
(a) (i) 10 Hence, 11 =2/(s) becomes: 11-5 = z!(r+-4)
(ii) l.S<x:$16-::;, 2SxS16 ==> v=2f(r+-4J+s=2idi-(.,-32J'+3+5
~ -1-(33+33k) =33
I+k
(b) (i) Putx= 3andH=l44: 144=32 -SI+c Hence, the graph passes through F.
c= 186 (b) (i) g(x)=f(-x)+4
(iii) Total cost= 10 x $20+6 x 120 =$520 7E.2 HKDSEMA2015-I-18
= �k ({-x)2+{6k-2)(-x) + (9k+25)) +4
Total proceeds (a) D. = (-4k)2- 4(2)(3k 2+5) = -sk2- 40 1
= 6 X $100+4 X $300+4 X $10+2 X $6Q
=$1960 :. It does not cut the x-axis.
:5:-40<0 --
1
I+k
-(x1 -(6k-2)x+(3 - 1) k
2

Gain= 1960-520 = ($)1440 (b) f(x)=2x2-4kx+31..2 +5 -(3k- 1) 2+ (9k+25)) +4

= 2(,r-2kx+k 2 -k2)+31..2+5 1
- - -((x-3k+ I) 2- 9k2+3k+24) +4
70.9 HKCEE MA 2000 I 18 =2(x-k)1+ k2+5 l+k
Vertex= (k.k2 +5) 1
(a) LetV=ait +bh3 .
2
- - -((x-3k+ 1)2 -3(1+k)(3k-8)) +4
2n (c) Y l+k
9 =a+b a=IO:rt 1
{ 3 a> { " y=f(x) - - -(x-3k+I) 2 -3(3k-8)+4
81:rr=9a+27b b=-3 l+k
1
V=i0h2_"!!,_h3 - - -(x-3k+ t)2+28-9k
3 (k,12+5) l+k
U = (3k- l,28-9k)
(b) (i) Surface area= Surfacearea of original hemisphere
= 2;r(10)2 = 200,r (cm2 ) ---+-_,_(
-�-�---,
k,-!?- 3) _ -
.'.:n(I0) -z(roh2-.".:h 3) =
1400
(ii) 3
n
2 3 3 3
2000 2n: 1400
--n:-20h2 + 1J =- -a y=g(x)
3 3 3
h 3 -3Qh 2 +300=0 Sand Tare nearest to each other when theyare the vertices
'·=x3-3oxZ of the two parabolas respectively. Since OS 'F OT, L'i.OST
(iii) { si not isosceles, and thus the x-mds is not the J_ bisector of
y= -300
Addy=-300tothegraph ==> h=3.35 ST. NOT correct.

7E.3 HKDSEMA2016 I 18
(a) f(x)=-�(x2-36x)-121
3
= -�(x2-36x+182- 18 2)- 121
3
I
=-)(x-18--1 )' 3
Vertex=: (18,-13)
(b) g(x) =: f(x) + 13 = -�(x-18)2
3
I ,
(c) - t--l2x-12l=f(-xI
:
Hence, the transfonnation is a reflection in the y-axis.

295 296
 8 Rate, Ratio and Variation SB TraveJgraphs 8C Variation
8B.1 HKCEE MA 1984(B) - I- 3 SC.I HKCEEMA 1982(1/2)-1-12
SA Rate and Ratio 8A.8 HKCEEMA 1995 I 5
(a) Rested from l2:17p.m. to 12:32p.m. ⇒ 15min (a) LetP=a.x+b.�.
SA.1 HKCEEMA 1980(1)-1-8 (,) _x_=� ⇒ 5x=4(y+l) => x=� (y+l) (b) 8 km 80000=20a +400b ⇒ a+20b=4000
y+l 5 , {
Daily wage of a skilled worker=$120 (b) 2x+9y=97 87500=35a+1225b ⇒ a+35b=2500
53 477 a= 6000 ⇒ P
Dailywage of a semi-skilled worker=$120x ¾ = $90 2 �(y+1)+9y=97 => 5Y = 5 => y = 9 8B.2 HKDSEMASP I 12 c; { =6000x- 100x2
2 5 4 (a) Part I sincethe slope of the graphis the smallest. b=-100
Daily wage of a unskilled worker= $120 x 4 = $60 x=s(9+1)=8
1 Hence. whenx= 15, P=5000(15) -100(15)2 = 67500.
(b) Tune for Part TI= {18- 4) 7:,6 = 4 (hours)
-
_ X 10 $120+ 20 X $90+ 30 X $60 8C.2 lllCCEEMAl984(B)-I-l4
Mean dailywage- : . The time at C is 8:26.
10+20+30 8A.9 HKCEEMA 2005 - I 5 3
.
=$80
2 (c) Average speed
27x 1000m
-- lSm/•� (a) Total expenditure= $75007 4 = $10000
Teresa has S" marbles. 30 x 605
(b) LetE=C+kN.
8A.2 HKCEEMA 1981(1/2/3)-1-9 n-18=�n+l8 => �n=36 => n=60 7500+¾=C+k(300) ⇒ C+300k=l0000
5 5 {
4 0 8B.3 HKDSE MA PP I 12 12ooo+¾=C+k(SOO) => C+500k=l60 00
Original rate = 0 radios/day (a) BU!yrested from 1:32 to 2:03 ⇒ 31 min c= 1000
4 0 SA.IO HKCEEMA2011 6 (b) Theymeetat2:18. =;- { ⇒ E=l000+30N
New rate= ( � +20) radios/day k=30
0
(� +20) (x-10)=400 �
et there hex girls andix boys originally.
12
Speed of Ada= 2=6 (km/h) i.e. C= 1000
. 60+18 (c) £=1000+30N
-x-17=x-4 ⇒ x=78 Dist. from P when they meet= 6 x � = 7.8 (km)
(20+x)(x-10)= 20x 6 (d) 475071= l000+30N =;- N=60
i1- 10x-200 = 0 -=> x=50 or -40 (ree
j cted) :. There were 78 girls originally. (cl Average speed ofBilly=(16-2) 72=7(km/h)
.·. The number of participants is 60.
> 6km/h
8A.ll HKDSEMA PP I 5 :. Billy runs faster. SC.3 HKCEEMA 1986(B)-I-5
8A.3 HKCEEMA 1983(AIB)-I-4
c-?
Letz= -. Then (3) =
k(l)2 *
a:b ""3:4 =6:8 Let the capacity of a bottle and a cup be x litres and ¾x litres
(a) { => a: b:c=6:8: 15 . SB.4 HKDSEMA2014-I-JO y (2)
a: c=2: 5=6: 15 respectively.
3 ,- 80 z=
ru'
ac acx;fz 7x+9 ;r.x = 11 => -l-x= 11 => x=0 .8 (a) SpeedofA=z=40(km/h)
y
( ) 6(2)2
(b ) a'+h' (a-+b
' ') x ';]!
' ·. The capacity of a bottleis 0.8 litres.
. 45
Dist. from X at 8:15 = 40 x 60 =30(km) Hence,whenx=2andy=3, z=w=8.
(b) ThcymeetwhcnAis44kmfromX.
SA.4 HKCEEMA 1989 I 44 SC.4 HKCEEMA J987(B)-I-14
9 000-8000
8A.12 HKDSEMA20l8 1 9 Tune taken by A = 4Q = l. ! (hour)= I hr 6 mrns
.
(a) % mcrease= x 100% = 12.5% Let x mins be the tim e taken from P to Q. Then the car took :. The time is 8:36. (a) Letp=a.x+�.
8000
(161-x)mins from Q to R.
(b) Amountsaved=$9000x
3
=$2700 7 (X) 161-X
(c) Dist. travelled by B=80-44= 36(km)
Dist. travelled by A = 80 - 30=50 (km) 7=2a+� => 4a+b= 14
6Q + 90 X 6Q = 210
3+7 7_x ( ) {
A has ahigher speed as the time taken is the same. 8=3a+l =;- 9a+b=24
483
8A.5 HKCEEMA 1989 I 5 -2x=210 => x=105 :. NO
2 10
:. The car takes 105 mins from Pto Q. p=2x+�.
(a) 2(1)+(2)-=> 7x=l4-=> x=2 => y=23 X
6 19
Whcnx=4, p=2(4)+ ) =z·
(b) From(a), �=2, �=�- SA.13 HKDSEMA2019-I-7 (4
' ' 2
. {a:c=2:1=4:2 Let the original numbers of adults and children be 13k and 6k SC.5 HKCEE MA 1988 I 1 0
J.C. => a:b:c=4:3:2 (a) Lety=a.x+bx2
respectively.
b:c=3:2
3 9 -S=a+b *
a=-6
l k + =! ⇒ 9lk-48 k=l92- 63 ⇒ k=3 {
-8=2a+4b
{
b= 1
=> y=x2-6x
8A.6 HKCEEMA 1991-I 3 6k+24 7
:. Original number of adults was 13(3) =39. Hence,whenx=6, y=(6)2-6(6)=0
(a) £150000+15=£10000
30 8C.6 HKCEEMA 1991-I-2
(b) Amount= 10000+ 10000 x 14.60% x = (£)10120 SA.14 HKDSEMA2020 I 4
365 k(3l 2
(c) $10120 X 14.50 = $146740 (a) Let x = f..'T =;- 18=
a 6 ' 2
[;''"? 4(1)'
8A.7 HKCEEMA 1991-1 4 (b) x= =l
7 w
b= a
(a) 2a=3b => a:b =3:2 6 SC.7 HKCEEMA 1994-1-4
3b=5c => b:c= 5 :3
a:b:c=l5:l0:6
3a=4c
(a) Lctx=
f..-J *
(54)
= k(3)2
=;- k=60
3 b+2c ' (10)
(b) Leta=I5k,b=l0k.c=6k. c=-a -->
4 a+2b 6
a-b+c=SS x� 0,,
I5k-l0k+6k=55 => k=S
(b) x= 60(5) = 125
2
:. c=6k=30
(12)

298
SC.S HKCEEMA1997-I-7 SC.13 HKCEEMA2002-l- ll SC.IS HKCEEMA2007-I-14 SC.23 HKDSEMA2012-I-ll

(a) Required ratio= � =j (a) LetA=hP+kP2 .

{36=24h+576k ⇒ h = -½ -5 I 0
(a) (i) 0=f(-3)=4(-3)3+k(-3)2-243 => k=39
(ii) f(x) = (x+3)(4x2+27x-8l)
(a) LetC=h+kA.
62=h+2k ...... h=56 ---..
(b) Cost of painting largercone = $32 x (�)2=$72 9= 18h+324k
{
k==: t -::::>
A= P+
2 i/� = (x+3)(4x-9)(x+9) {
14=h+6k
......- {
k=3
....,. C=56+3A
-5 (b) (i) Let C=hx' +kx2. :. WhenA=13, cost=56+3(13)=($)95
(b) (i) 54= P+!p2 7381=h(S.5)3 +k(S.5)2 h= 16
0
2 6 { -::::> {
8C.9 HKCEEMA1998-I-12 p�- 15P-324 = 0 -::::> P=27or-12(rejected) 9077 =h(6)3 +k(6)2 k = 156 SC.24 HKDSEMA2013-I-11
:. The perimeter is 27 cm.
(a) LetS=a+br. C= 16:x:'+156x2 (a) LetW=hf.+kR.2 •
230=a+100b a = SO (ii) 972 = 16x3 + I56x2 181=h+k {h=l61 ⇒ W = I
{ { 4x3 +39:2-243 = 0 { G1£+20.e2
284=a+130b ⇒ b=l.S
:. S=50+1.8t
SC.14 HKCEEMA 2003 I 10
=
(a) Let V hL+kL2 •
=
x -3 (rej.) or -9 (rej.) or2.25
402=211+4k ⇒ k=20
:. When.€=1.2, weight=I61(1.2)+20(1.2)2=222(g)
(b) Charge under A= 50+ l.8(110) ($)248= 30 = 10h+I00k h=-I (b) 161£+20.e2 =594
=
Charge under B=2.20 x 110 ($)232<248 { {
15=15h+225k ⇒ k=0.4
-::::> V =0.4L2 -L
2+16U-594=0 ⇒ .e=
11 54
Heshould join B to save money. SC.19 HKCEEMA 2010 I 10 20.e
4 or-5 (rejected)
( a ) L etC=hx+k.t-2. . . 11
:. The penmeter 1s 4 m.
SC.IS HKCEEMA2004-l- l0 96 = 4h+16k =>
SC.IO HKCEEMA 1999 I-6 { => C=4x+5x2
(a) Lety=hx+kx2. 145=5h+25k
Lety=ax+b?. SC.25 HKDSEMA 2014 I 13
3=3h+9k h=-5 lb) 4x+5x2=288
20 = 2a+4b ⇒ a = 5 { { ⇒ y=2x2-5x (a) Letf(x)=hx2+k .
{ { -::::> y=5x+Jx2 i2=4h+16k -::::> k=2 sx2+4x-288=0 => x=7.2or-8(rejected)
39=3a+ 9b k=b 59 =/(2) =4h+k {h~-4
{ -12l=f(7)=49fl+k ⇒ k.=75
SC.16 HKCEEMA2005 I 10 SC.20 HKCEEMA2011 I 11 f(x) =-4x2+75
SC.U HKCEEMA2000 I 18 f(6)=-4(6)3 +75 =-69
(a) Letf(x)=!u3+h. (a) Let f(x) =hx2+b:.
(a) LetV = ah2 +bfiJ. (b) From(a), a=b=-69.
29 -6=f(2) =8h+2k -::::> 4h+k=-3 28=f(-2)=4h-2k ( 5- (- G))(59)
{ 3
n: =a+b
⇒
{
6=f(3)=21h+3k ⇒ 9h+k=2 {
= =
-36 f(6) 36h+6k Areaof.6.ABC
2
414
8ln:=9a+27b f(x) =x'- 1x f(x)=x2-12x
V = 10h2-'!!.h
3
3 (b) (i) f(x)=x2-12x=(x-6)2-36 ⇒ k = -36 SC.26 HKDSEMA2015-I 10
SC.17 HKCEE MA 2006 I 15 (ii) Putx=lO. (a) LetS=h+kn.
y=3(J0-6)2 -36=2 9 A=(J0,2) {16600=h+l0k {h=-2400
SC.12 HKCEEMA200l I 13 kA2 y=(10)2-t2(10)=-20 ::::> D=(l0,-20) =>
(a) LetC=hA+-. 9000=h+6k k=1900
(a) LetS=hr+kr 2 • Since the graphs are symmetric about the common :. S = -2400+ 1900n
{
33=h+k {h=38 ⇒ S=J r-S 2
8 r
k
350=50h+ ;it =:, l0h+k=10
{
axis of symmetry x = 6,
B = (6- (10-6),2) = (2,2)
=
:. When n = 20, income=-2400+ 1900(20) ($)35600
56=2h+4k ⇒ k=-5
100=20h+
k(20)2
⇒ 20h+k= JOO =
C= (10-(10-6),-20) (2 ,-20 ) (b) 18000=-2400+1900n => n=
204
,notaninteger
(b) 40=38t-5r2 �
= 19

vill)
Area of ABCD (2-(-20))(10-2) =176 :. NOT possible
(
5r 2 - 381 +40= 0 h=3 40A 2

,
,---,--
{ C= A+
38±,/644 = 19± ⇒ k=40 ⇒ 3 -a-
5 SC.27 HKDSEMA 2016-I- 8
40A2
=
(c) From the graph, Sis greatest when t 3.8. (b) (i) P=8A-C=5A- 8C.21 HKDSE MASP-1- 11
(a) LetC=hs+ki-.
(a) Letf(x) =hx+kx2.
s 0A2 48=f(3)=3h+9k a; h=13
(ii) SA-4 =P 356=2h+4k => h=130 => C=lJOs+24s2 { 198=f(9)=9h+S1k {k=l
{ {
70 5 ("-)-40 (!.) = !:.,n = 2_32 (both sides
2
--a-n)
1250=5h+25k k=24 =
f(x) 13x+.t'"
n n ·. Whens=6, cost=130(6)+24(6)2=($)1644 (b) 13x+x2 = 90
(b) 130s+24s2=539 x2+13x-90=0-::::> x=Sor-18
60 256(�/-32(�)+1 =0 11 49 .
24? +130s - 539 = 0 � s= 4 or (reJected)
[16(�)-1r=O => �=16
6 SC.28 HKpSEMA 2017 - I- 8
50
'
(iii) Putn=500andP=l00.
.·. Theperimeteris!fm.
(a) Lety=
k
⇒ 81 =
k
⇒ k=972
..ji: -Jf.44
40 100=5A-fs"A2 =>- 2A.2- 125A+2500=0 =
972
Ll..=-4375<0 SC.22 HKDSEMAPP-1-11 y ..,fi
30 ·. Notpossible. 972
(a) LetC=h+b:2-. (b) Changeofy= �-81 =-27
(iv) Plltn=400. { 42=h+400k h=40 y(3241
P =5A-_!_A2= =!_{A2 -50A) { C=40+o.oosx2
20 112 = h+I4400k* k = O.oos*
10 10 SC.29 HKDSEMA 2018 18
:. Whenx=50, cost=40+0.005(5◊)2 =($)52.5 .
JO
= =-!-.{A 2 -SOA+zs 2 -252 )
IO (b) 40+0.005x 2 58= (a) Let f(x) =hx2 +h.
= ��{A-25)2 +62.5 o.oosx2 = 18 => x = 60 {
60=f(2)=4h+2k
.·. The length ofa side is 60cm. 99=f(3)=9h+3k
0 2 4 .·. Greatest profitis $62.5.
:. f(x)=3x1+24x

299 300
SC.30 HKDSEMA2019 I 10 9 Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences
(a) Leth(x)=a+bx.
- 96=h(-2) =a-2b a� -48 9A General terms and summations of sequences (d) T(l) x T(3) x T(5) x •·· x T(2n-1)
{ { 1
72=h(5) =a+Sb ""'"° b=24 = 21? .2¥ .2¥ •····2 -r�-ll
:. h(.x)= -48+24x 9A.l HKCEEMA1980(1/1*/3)-T-11 = 20 .2-t .2- 2 .....z-(n-1)
(b) -48+24x=3i1 ⇒ x2-sx+16=0 (a) (i) Common ratio=
lOk
= 10
= 2-(1+2+-·•+rn-1)) = 2-=!g=ll
=> x = 4 ( repeated)
k lO -1) k(JON -J)
n
Iii) Sum= ( = -- -- 9A.5 HKCEEMA 1 995 I 3
SC.31 HKDSE MA 2020 - I - 10 � 9
IOk '0
(b) (i) loglOk-logk=log =I (a) Sum=T[2(1}+( 20-1)(5-1)]=780
T
!Oa Le, f>=k,. +k,h'.whett: I:, ,wd k, !lfCMn-zoroooO<lanlll.
100k 9 27
loglOOk-loglOk=logWk = l (b) Sumto,..,=--�-
2
1-W
Since there is a common difference, it is an A.S.
59 �k, +k,(3)'
k,+27k,_ =�-----(1) (ii) Sum=i!2(\ogk)+(n- 1) (1)] 9A.6 HKCEEMA 1996 I 3
=nlogk+2n-2 (a) 4, 1, -2, -5
Whcnn= 10. JOO
6'.ll=k,+k,.(7)1 Sum=: 101ogk+20-2= lOlogk+ 18 (b) Sum= z[2(4) + (100- 1)(1 -4)] = - 14450
k, +3431:, =691----(2)
{2)-(!): 9A.2 HKCEEMA !984(A/B)-l-10 9A.7 HKCEE MA2003- I- 7

(0) -
-2
a
= -2
-b
= common ratio (a) 10thtcnn=2+(10-1)(5-2)=29
2 0)
ab=(-2)2 =4 (b) Sum - (2+ 9)(1 15 5
2
(b) a- b=b-(-2 ) ""O"" a=2b+2
'.,
k,+27{2)=S9 9A.8 HKCEEMA 2005 r 7
Put into (a): (2b+2)(b) =4
b2 +h-2=0
Tho<W:lfe, P=5+21r'. b = -2 (rejected) or I i[2(5)+ ( -1)(8-5)] = 3925
�
When h=4. a=471 =4 3n- + 711 - 7850 = 0
-157
(c) (i) Commonrano= . - 2 -1 n= 50 or -- (rejected)
= 3
4 2
4 8
The<oforo.the prleo of a brnndX """"enir i> 5133. Sumtooo= - =
b When h=S. l (.;,;l) J 9A.9 HKDSEMA2015-I-17
(ii) The positive tcnns are-the 1st. 3rd. 5th..... ones. (a) Common difference= 4
P=S+2(5)' n
1
Sum= [2(4-5)+(11-1)(4)I=2'r-3n
,
=ZSS
<>"
Common ratio= (-; r =
¼ 2
4 16 (b) Note that logB(n) =A(n).Hence
=2xl33 ""O"" Sumtoe,o=--=-
1-¼ 3 log{B(l)B( 2)B(3) ...B(n)) � 8000
HODe<:, thcpric:c o[a brnndXSOUVl:Dir ofboi�,t S cm is lower tb>JI the u,u,J A(l)+A(2)+A(3)+···+A(n) �8000
price oftwo brnndX•onvOilll'll ofOOshJ:4 em. 2n2 -3n �8000
Comoq11aidy. the dnim i,: nol curr«t. 9A.3 HKCEEMA1986(A/B 1)-B 9
2r?--3n-8000�0
(a) (i) Commondiffcrencc=-1-2=-3 -64 :::;n::; 62.5
n-th tenn = 2+(n- 1)(-3) = 5-3n Greatest n= 62
n
(·u·) Sum= 12+{5-3n)] =
2
1n- 6n2
----r-
(iii) Required sum 9A.10 HKDSEMA20 1 6 I 17
7(30)-6(30)2 7(20)-6(2o)2 555 - 666 = -
-1465 (a) Common difference= 3
2 2 38-1
7n-6n2 - (b) �[2(666}+(n-1)(-3)] > 0
(b) < 1000
n(l335- 3n) > 0
6n2 -7n-1ooo>O 0<n<445
n<
7 - ,/48049
orn>
7+ ,/48049 Greatest n = 444
12 12
n < -17.68 om> 18.85
Leastn = 19 9A.11 HKDSEMA 2018-I-16
. 864
(a) Common ratio= 7 = 1.2
9A.4 HKCEEMA198 9 I 9 20
1st tenn= 7207 (1.2)2 = 500
k i I
( ) = 500(1.2/ +500(!.2):rr, < 5 x10 14
a 1=t ⇒ k J2
(b)

(�) n-l
(1.2n )2+ (J.2")- J X 10 12 < 0
(b) T(n) = =29 -1000000.5 < 1.2n < 999999.5
9
n < log 99999
.5
= 75.78
I logl.2
(c) Sumto""= 1 2+v'2 :.Least value of n is 75.
1-vz (1)'-1;;;1'

301 302
 4 I
27P l+r%)·,
9A.12 HKDSEMA2 0 19 I 16 9B Applications 21 9B.9 HKCEEMA 1992-I-14
(c) (i)
( a) 5a-18=a2 -13a+63 128P= a"-1 b b
9B.l HK.CEEMA 1981(1/2/3)-I 10 729 9 (a) Common ratio = -- �-
=> a2 -18a+81=0 =(1+r%) 3 =} l+r%= => r=12.5 a" a
=> a = 9(repeated) ⇒ f3 = 27 (a) By similar triangles.
b 2a-b 512 g
a"[! - (/ )"I
(ii) Q1 +Q2 +Q3+ •··+Q10 Sam
rn(l ('"a"fl'� ). __..::._
(b) First tenn= Jog9 10 J-!!.
½(10000)(1+12.5%) ( l - +12.5%)] )
Common difference= log27-log9 = log3 - =a " = a(a"-b")
n
2 [2log9+ (n-l)log3] > 888 1-�(1 + 12.5%)
a-b a-b
k{l0000)(!.)(1-0.75 10 ) (b) (i) (1) P(l+8%) = 1.08P
4nlog3+n2log3-niog3 > 1776 =· -($)14155 (nrstint)
(log 3)n2 +(31og3)n-1776 > 0 2 1�0.75 (2) (l.08P+1 .lP)(l.08) = [(1.08)2+(1.l)(l.08)]P
(b) (i) B2C2 = b (3) {[(LO& )'+ (l.l)(L08)JP+(l .l)'P}(L08)
n < -62.53 or n > 59.53 J
� [(1.08)'+ (1.1)(1.08)'+ (Ll)'(J .08)]P
.·. The least n is 60. (ii) B2C2 = j Ga)= ;a (ii) Take a= 1.08 and b = 1.1 .
9Al3 HKDSEMA2020 1-16 '9 Amount
(c) (i) B5C5 = 3 a= 243';a
(')' = [(I.08)n +(LI)(l.0S)n-r + (1.1)2(1.08)"-2
l6a l.dhMdrbe the fimt1e:rm andtl1eoommonratloof!he'"'4"""""
+. . .+ (L1) 1(l.08)]P
11

�cly. (�a)2 4 �
(ii) Sum= -· -,- = -er
-

I.08(1.08n - I.I")
fa,>--<�144 1-(J) 3 = p
1.08- 1.1
lnr'"' "486 = ($)54(1.1" - 1.08")?
far' =144---- -(1)
9B.2 HKCEE MA 1982(1/"l/3)-I-10 (c) Value offlat at the end of the nth year = $1080000(L15)"
la,.,=486-----(zJ Amount in account= $54(20000)(1.1" -1.08")
(a) (i) 999 = 3(333)
.·. Sum of a!! multiples of 3 = $1080000(1.1" -1.08")
= 3(1) +3(2)+3(3) +···+3(333) < $1080000(1.1")
tf,,262144 < $1080000{1.15") = Value of fiat
a=64 (3 + 999)(333 ) (cJ (i)
166833
Therefore.!he l� tem:, oflhe.seque:m,e: is 64.
b Sub. o = � into (2), (ii) Sum of all multi.pies of 4 9B.I0 HKCEEMA1993-l-10
= 4(1)+4(2)+ · ·•+4(250)
,,=�n
64r'=486 (a) (i) Foodpdtn = 8+2(l)=l0(mil.tonnes)
- (4+1000)(250) 125500 (ii) Foodpdtn = 8+(n- l)(l)=7+n( mil. tonnes)
2
; (b) Required sum (b) Total= ¥-[2(8)+(25-1)(1)] = 500 (mil. tonnes)
r=2 =Sum of all integers -Sum in (a) 27
(iv) Sum to== ,/3 (c) (i) Popln=2(1+6%)2=2.2472(mil.)
-Sum in (b)+Sum of all multiples of 12 8
(ii) Popln=2(1+6%l-l =2(1.ow-1 (mil.)
{1+ lOO )(IOOO) ( 2 9 6)(83)
i 166833-125500+ 1 + ; 9B.6 HKCEEMA 1988-1-9 (d) Let it taken years.
-

rnr
= 249999 (a) Smallest: 105, Largest: 994 lo 2
(1.06)"=2 "'? n= g = Il.896
>6.2SdO"+l (b) 128 multiples logl.06
9B.3 HKCEEMA1983(AJB)-I-l0 128 :. At least 12 years.
n>k,g (6Zx10"+l)
¾
(··(¾)' isruictlyillcr=fag] (a) Requireddistance=l0+2x (10x¾) =25(m)
Sum= 2(105+994) = 70336
9 0
( e) At the end of the 100th year,
. 7+100
(c) Sum= � (100+999)-70336=424214 Anl food pdtn per capita= 0.167 <0.2
,r>95.3Sl67941 l(L 06) 100_1

G)')
Thc,efun,_ the 1=�11rue of,, is %. (b) Requireddistance :. YES.
9B.7 HKCEEMA 1990 J !4
� 10+2 ( !Ox¾) +2 (10x

G)')
(a) (i) G5: 16, 17, 18, 19,20,21 9B.ll HKCEEMA 1994-1-15
(ii) Total number of integers= I+2+3+4+5+6=21 (a) (i) No.ofbabies=70000(1+2%)=71400
+ +2 (10 x
k(k-1) (ii) No. of babies=70000(1 +2%t =70000(1.02)"
(b) (i) Ilk-! =1+2+3+·· +{k-l)=---
2(10 x ¾l [1-(¾)k] 2 (b) Let it happ en in the Lth year after 1994.
= 10+ k{k- I)
1-¾ v1 = �+l 70000(1.02j k > 90000

� 10+60 [, -(¾)'] �70-60 (¾)' (m) l

[(¥,+1)+C(k; ) +k)] (k)
9
1.02k > 7 ⇒ k >
log;
log l.02
= 12.69
(ii) Sum= �-�---c;------­ :. It happens in 2007.
(c) Sumtooo=70m 2
[k(k-1)+1+k)(k) k(k 2+1) (c) No.ofyears = 50
9B.4 HKCEEMA1985(AJB) -I-14 2 2 First term= 70000(1.02) 3
Total =
70000(1.02)3 (l.0250 - I)
I I 9B.8 HKCEEMA1991-J 12 = 6282944 (nrst
(a) d3 = 0.9d1 = 7.2 ds = 0.9d3 = 6.48
(a) (JJ Qr=P(J+r%)x = P(l+r'/4) 1. 02 I
32 3 int.)
I d2,,-1 =0.9"-1d1 =8 •0_ 9n-l
Q2 = (l+r%)x x ( l+r%) x 3
: 3 (b) d5 = 0.9'4 = 0.92d2 = 8.1
(d) (i) Leap years: 2000, 2004, 2008, . . . , 2044
2044-2000
= iP(l +r%)2 a::, No. of leap years - + l= 12
d2n =o.9 -!d2= I0 ·0.911 1
n
-
4
2 2 1 3 - . ) n (ii) First term= 7 0000(1.02)6
Common ratio = l.024
(ii) Q3 = ( l+r%) x x(l+r%)x x(l+r%) x (c) (i) di +d3 +· · +d2n -1 = (l O g = 80(l -0.9n)
: 3 3 3 1-0.9
l0(1- .9n ) 70000(1.02)6 [(1.024) 12-1]
= P(l+r%)3 (ii) d2+"·+ "4 ··+d�-·w o 10 0(1-0. 9") Total =
27 1-0.9 (1.024 )- 1
(d) do+d1+ ··=do+(80)+(100)=l90 = 1517744 (nearest integer)
(b) Common ratio= j(l +r%)

303 304
 '
(1x)'=l-3k+k-
9B.U HKCEE MA 1997 I IO 9B.16 HKCEEMA2000- I- 14 Area ofA1B1C1 9B.23 HKCEEMA2008-I-16
(i i) Area of AoBoCo
?4-10
( a) Population=300000 x (I+2%)2 = 312120 (a) Number ofseats=20+49(2)"" 118 ( a) Common difference= -=-----z--- = 7
(b) Total numbe r of seats in the first n r ows 4k(I-k)
(b ) Let ti take n yea rs.
300000(1 +2%/ > 330000
n
= z[2(20)+(n-1)(2)I =19n+n-
, T ota! a rea=
1 -(1-3k+k2) a = I0-7=3. b=l0+7=17
(b) (i) Tax= (P-172000) x20% =($)0.2?-34400
1.02" > 1.1 v'3k(l-k) v'3(1-k)
I9n+n2 ?: 2000 (ii) 0.2?-34400 = 3QQQQ X 3%+3QQQQ X 10%
nlog1.02 > log1.1 = 4k(3-k) = 4(3-k)
logl.l n2 +J9n-2000�0 +30000 X 17%+ (P-172000) X 24%
4.81 n ::5 -14.28 or n?: 36.22 =9000+0.24P- 62880
n> logl.02 = ·. Seat2000 is in the 37th row.
: . After 5 yea rs, i.e. at the e nd of 2001. => 19480 = 0.04P => P = 487000
9B.21 HKCEE MA2004 I - 15 Hence, the least net total i ncome is $487000.
9B.17 HKCEEMA2001-I-12 (a) (i) Perimeter=8+(10-1)(4)=44(cm) 23000(1+�)[(1+�) 12 - I]
9B.13 HKCEEMA1997 I 15 (a) (i) Perimete r =l0+39(1)=49(cm) (ii) Letn frames can be formed. (c) Total am ount inbank
(l+fq-)-1

iIiI�I
(a) (i) Tablel (i0+49 l( 40) ;[2(8) + (n-1)(4)] ::5 1000 = ($)280526.37
(ii) Sum 1180 (cm) -
2 !On+lii2S!000 Tax payable= (1400000- 172000) x 20%
(b) (i)
Areaof F2
=(
Peri m eterofF2 )' n1+5n-500S0 = ($)245600 < ($)280526.37
l
2 2
Area of F1 Perimeter of Ft -25SnS20 :. He w i ll have enough.
2
(ii) Totalarea=£2+3Gf+9(�) +21({,) Ar eaofF2=4x (�) =4.84(cm2) _-_ 20 fr ames ca n be fom1ed.
b
( ) (i) Vol of Si: Vol of S2: Vol of S3
820 g2
(Pl' = 5.76 (cm )
= = (Peri of S1 : Peri of S2; Peri of S3)3
729 (ii} Area of F3 = 4 x � 2
2 2 =(8: 12: 16)3 = 8: 27: 81 9B.24 HKCEEMA2009-I- 15
(iii) k=t2+3(�) +9(:r+21({, ) +... 4.84-4=0.84 Since 8; 27 ,f=.27: 81, ht e volumes do not form aG.S.
(a) ( i) Fare=30+
x-2
x2.4=($)6+12x
5.76-4.84 =0.92 #- 0.84 ( ii) ForS1, Diagofbase=-lzI+zi"=v8(c m )

-(v;)1
Q.2
e2 e2 e2 They do not form anA.S. (ii) The fare willbe 6+ 2y, wherey i s th e least multiple
=e2+ + + +--
3 9 27 Hei gbt=J52 =v'TI( c m) of 0.2 which is --
la r ger than x.
=_£__=�e2 9B.18 HKCEEMA?001 I 14 :. NO.
I-¼ 2 (b) !OOO(l+r%)4+1000(l+r%)3 l ? 4v'TI ( b) Fare =6+ 12(3.2) = ( $)44.4
Volume= (2)-(v'TI) = __ (c m3 )
(b) (i) Table2��=�=�= +1000(1+r%) 2+ 1000(1+r%) = 5000 3 3 (c) In the city, a taxi is hired for 99 journeys. The1st journey
l4£j6£l8ej10ej ..woo{l+r%)[(l+r%) 4 -l] 4 27
=..sootr Vol ofS3 = -,/23 - � = ,/23 (cm3) cove rs a distanc e of3.l km. Startingfrom th e2nd journey,
f ,.= 4l+(n-l)(U) =U+Un,
(ii) Perimeter o B (l+r%)-1 3 8 2 t he distance coveredby each journey is 0.5 km longer than
which becomes infin itelylarge! (l+r%) 5 -(I+r%) =5(l+r%)-5 th at coveredby theprevious journey. The taxi dr iver cla i m s
(1 +r%)5 - 6(1+r%)+5 =0 that the tot al taxi fare will not exce ed $33000. Is the claim
By(a). I +r% = 1.091 9B.22 HKCEE MA2005 I 16 correct? Explain your answer.
9B.14 HKCEEMA1998-I-13
r= 9.l
(a) A2B2 =�= IO (cm) (a) (i) Interest =200000 ( I + :� )-200000
3 30 9B.19 HKCEEMA2002-I-13 = 200000(1 .005 - I) = (SJ1000
(b) A2A3 = (10) = 7 (cm)
3+4
30 1 . v'3 �
(a) A er a= z(I)(l)sm60" = 4(m-J
( ii) Amtow ed = $(201000-x) 9B.25 HKCEEMA2010-l-17
:. AzA3:A1A1=7:6=5:1 (iii) Amount owed afte r 2nd instalment (a) (i) Rotate B a bout A anticlockwise ht rough 90°
v'3 I = [200000(1.005)-x](l.005)-x
(c) Total dist=A1A2+A:zA3+A;i,¾+. (b) A er aofsma!ID. = v'3 x (')' = = 200000(1.005) -x(l.005 + 1)
2
=> D=(-6,8)
6 ' T 3 T g . -6+8 8+6
<--5 =-1(cm ) Amount owed after 3r d inst alment Centre=tmd•ptofBD= ( - -, ) =(1,7)
1- , v'3 v'3 I 2 """""z""
To tal area= 4+4 · = [200000(1.005)2-x(l.005+ 1)](1.005)- x
g (ii) Radius=-J( 8-I)1+(6-7)i=,/so
5v = 200000(1.005)3-x(l.0052+LOOS+ I)
9B.15 HKCEEMA 1999 I- 17 = v'3. � = '3 ( m 2) : . Amount owed afte r nth instalment l �

!) · !
4 9 18 (b) (i) RadiusofcitcleA1B1C1D1 = AB= =5
= 200000(I.005l z �
(a) 500000(l -r%)11 = 254400
1- r% = 0.949999986 => r = 5 (nrst i nt.) (c) Total area= v'3+ v'3 · ! + (,/3 · +-- 1 n 2
-x(l.005"- + 1.005 - + · ·+1.005 +I) ··
Area of citcleA181C1D1
2= !
4 4 9 4 9 9 (1005"-I) Area of circleABCD
(b) (i) Total income = 200000(1.005?-x Radius ofcircleA181C1D1 2 '
= 500000+500000(1-5%) +500000(1-5%)2 = J/} = 9,/3(m2) ;_005_1 -( ) = (- -)
Radius of circle ABCD ,/so 2
+···+500000( 1-5%) 11 1-! 32 = ($)200000(1.00S)"-200x[{I.005l-I]
(ii) Shade d are abetween sq.ABCD a nd cl.A1B1C1D 1
500000(1-0.95 12) (b ) (i) Letthelastinsta!m entbe the(n+l)st one.
=10 -n(5) = l00-25n-
2 2
($)4596399 9B.20 HKCEE MA 2003- I-!5 200000(1.005}" -200(1800)(1.oosn -1) < 1800
1-0.95 . . Tolal sha ded area
2000(1.005)" - 3600(1.005)" +3600 < 18
= (100-25,r)+ I00-25n-
Tot al cos t 100-25,r
°
(a) (i) Ar e a=½(k)( l-k) sin60 = :!J.k(l-k) (m2) 1600(1.005)" > 3582 -- --+
= ¥[2(400000)+(12- 1)(-20000)] 2 �
(ii) x= -J.t...!.+(l-k)i-2(k)(l-k)c os60 ° 1.005" > 2.23875 . . 100-25,r
= ($)3480000 < ($)4596399 n > log2.23875 + +�
Hence, there i s still aprofit. = JI- 2k+2k1- (k-k2)= v'I-3k+k2 1°
l og 1.005 (100-25n-)[1-(½) ]
(ii) 300000k > 3480000 (iii) M1BoB1 � 6B1CoC1 � D.C1AoA1 42.87845
A1B1 =B1C1 =C1A1
=161.586 1- ½
2 :. The last instalment is the I 62nd one. = 42.87845
-�[2(400000)+(k-l)(-20000)]+10000 b)
( (i) In M1BoB1 and M2B1B2, = 0.27297
(ii) 200000(1.005)" -200(900)(1.005" - l) < 900 p x(,/50)2
A1Bo I -k
300000k > 1480000-410000k+10000.t2 (given) 200(1.005)" < -1791 which is indeed be t ween 0.2 an d 0.3.
O>k2- 7lk+348 B0B1 k wh ich has no solution.
5.2965 < k < 65.7035 A2B 1 1-k Hence the design is g oo d.
= (given) i.e. Peter cannot fully repay the loan with x = 900.
:. The projec t will last for 5 month s. B1B2 k
LBo = LB 1 = 60° (p o r pe rty o fequil. 6)
.6A1B0B1 ~ .6A2B1B2 (rat io of2 sides, inc. L)

306
9B.26 HKCEE MA 20ll I 15 - (iii) Inn years, total revenue
2000000(1-0.8") 9B.30 HKDSE MA 2013 - I-19
1-0.8
(,) 4 5 6 7
= I 0000000(1-0.8") (a) (i) Total floorarea=9 x 106 (1 +r%)-3 x HP
= 9 x 106 +9rx 104 -3 x 105
5 6 7 8 40000 ( 0.64")
Total investment= i� � - � =(870+9r) x ID4 (m2 )
4
6 7 8 9 = 1000;0000 1-0.64") (ii) [9x106 (1+r%)-3x!05 ](l+r%)
7 8 9 IO ( -3x 105 = l.026x 107
(b) The 1st row contains: 99, 100•. .. (99 integers). Total revenue -Total investment 150(1+r%}2-5(1+r%)-176 =0
11 -16
* 99 = lOOO OOO
; [9(1 -0.8")- IO(l-0.64n)] l+r%= or (rej)
Sum= 2[2(99) +98 x l] =14652 w 15
r= IO
(c) Sum of all integers in the 2nd row = 1000 0000[10 (0.82y - 9(0.8'')- I]
= Sum of all integers in the 1st row+99 9 (b) (j) Required area
= 9 x 106(1.l)n-l - 3 X HP{l.1)"-11 2
Sum of al! integers in the 3rd row O
= lO Os°°OO[I0(0.8")2-9(0.8")- I]
= Sum ofa!! integers in the 1st row+99 x 2 -3xHP(J.1) 3- "-3xI05
-

Similarly, sum of all integer s in the ith row = 9 x 106(1.1)"-1 -3 x HP. (I.It-! - l
= Sum of all integers in the 1st o r w+99 x (i-1) � lO� [10(0.8") +111(0.8")- I] l.l-l
<0 (': 0.8n <lforanyn>0) = 9 X 106(1.1)"-! - 3 X J06(1.1"-J -1)
Sum of all integers
= Sum of all integers in the 1st row x 99 Hence, Tot al revenue<Total investment
= [6(1;1)"-l +3] x 106 (m2)
+(99+99x2+ ··+99x98) (ii) [6(1.l)"-1+3]xl06 >4xI07
Thus the claim is disagreed.
( +93 93) 1.111-1 > �
- 1465? X 99+99 X I )(
2 lo
: 1930;97 n-1 > g-f =? n>20.0867
(ct) Inthekthtable, lstrow: k,k+l, ... ,k+(k-1) log l.l
[k+ (2k- l)](k) (3k- !)k :. Atlheend oftbe21styear.
=> Sum=
2 2 a(l.21) 1 +b = l x 107
Sum of all integers {
(c) a(1.21)2+b= t.063 x ro7
(3k- l) (k) 9B.29 HKDSEMA2012-I- 19
� -- -- xk+[k+2k+3k+···+(k- l)k] => (1.464J-1.21)a= (J.063-1) X 107
2 ab2 = 254100 3x 108
= (3k-1)k1 +kx [l+(k-l)](k-1) (a) (i) { 4
ab = 307461 =? a= ⇒ b=7xl06
2 2 �

= 254100 =;- b = 1.1 => a=

b2 307461 If the claim happens at the end of the nth year,
� -- -- + -----y--
(3k- l)k1 k1(k-1) 210000
3xI08
2 =;- 2(4 ) [6(1. 1)n-l +3] X 106 > �(1.21)"+7 X J06
_ k2(3k-l +k-1) Required wei ght= (210000)(1.1)
k2(2k-1 ), which must be odd. = 450000 (tonnes, 3 s.f.) 6(1.1") 300
2 +3 > (1.1")2+7
:. NO. ZIOOOO(Ll):[(l.12)"-l] 1.1 121
(ii) Total weight= 300(1.1") 2 -660(1.1") +484 <0
l.l--1
= 1210000(1.21" - 1) (tonnes) Since the inequality has no solution, the claimis wrong.
(b) (i) Inthemthyear,n=m+4.
9B.27 HKDSEMASP-I-15 Then, A(m+4) = ab2(m+4) andB(m) = 2ab2n 9B.31 HKDSEMA?014-I-16
A(m+4) ab2mb8
Let there be n rows. =} 7i(;J = lab" ;[2{3)+{m- 1)(2)] >6888
' -
i[2(12)+ (n- 1)(3 )] S 930 m(2+m) >6888
n(2l +3n) S 930 x 2 =�b"'
2 m2 +2m- 6888 >0
2
n +7n-620S0 = 1.072{1.l)"' >1 (m+84)(m-82) >0
-28.64 Sn S 21.64 A(m+4) > B(m), and th e claim is agreed. m <-84 (rejected) or m > 82
:. Greatestnumberofrowsis21. (ii) Tota! weight by Y in the first n-4 years :. Least value of m is 83.
_ 2(210000)(1.1)(1.F-4 -1)
-
1.1-1 9B.32 HKDSE MA 2017 I 16
= 4620000(1.l"-4 -1)
1·5 x l07 (l -0.920 l
9B.28 HKDSE MA PP I 19 1210000(1.21" -J) (a) Total volume 131763501.8 (m3 )
+4620000(1.I"-4 -1) > 20000000 1-0.9
c:;: _ {)
(a) 4000000(1 - r%)3 = 1048576 7
l -r%=0.64 => r=36 1.5 x 10
121[(1.1")2 _ t]+462 >2000 (b) Total volume<
(b) (i) Let n be the number of years. 1-0.9
2000000 +2000000(0.8)+ 177.1561[(1.1")2- l] +462 (1.1" -1.4641) > 2928.2 = l.5x 107< I.6x 10s
+ •·+2000000(0.8f-1 > 9000000 177.1561 (I. 1"}2 +462(1.1") - 3781.7703 > 0 :. The claim is agreed.
1 - 0.8" 9000000 1.1" < -6.1047 (rejected) or J.J" > 3.4968
--->--- log3.4968
! -0.8 2000000 n > logLl = 13.13
0.8" >0.1
nlog0.8 > log0.l : . The 14thyearsincethest anofX.
log0.1
n > log0.8 = 10. 3 I 9
.·. T he least number ofyears is 11.
2000000
(ii) Total revenue< = 10000000
1-0.8
:. No.

308
 10 Inequalities and Linear Programming lOB Quadratic inequalities in one unknown 10B.10 (HKCEEAM1994-I-l)
?(x+l)
lOB.1 HKCEEMA 1982(112/3)-I-3 (a) -x 21 => 2t+2'2:x-2 => x;;:-4
10A Linear inequalities in one unknown lOA.11 HKDSEMA2012-I-6 -Z
2.r-x-36<0 x>2
4x+6
l0A.1 HKCEEMA 1989-I- 2 (a) -->2(x-3) => 4x+6> 14x-42 9 x'2:-4 'and' x>2 => x>2
7 (1x-9)(x+4)<0 => -4<x<
-3 2.t-10:510 => x:510 2 2
( b) (x+ -
l)
> l ⇒ 2x +2<x-2
- => x:5-4
(a) 5x+5>3x+2 => lx>-3 => x> z
24 x-2
:. 'And": x< x<2
-3 S l0B.2 HKCEEMA1988-I-3
(b) T<x:54 (b) 4 (l,2,3and4) x:5-4 •and' x<2 ⇒ x:5-4
2x2-5x'2:0
5 lOB.11 HKCEEAM1995-I-4
l0A.2 HKCEE MA 1995- I- 1 {a) x(2x-5)'2:0 => x:50 orx2
l0A.12 HKDSEMA2013-l-5 z:
Solve the inequality x- �> 4 for each of the following cases:
3x+l�7 => 3x�6 => x�2 19 7x X
(a) ; >23-Sx => 19-1x>69-15x => x>� lOB.3 HKCEEMA1990 I 4
(a) x-�>4 => x2-5>4x
l0A.3 HKCEEMA 1999-J-3 (b) 18-2x'2:0 => x:59 (a) (i) 6x+l22x- 3 => 4x'2:-4 => x'2:-1 X
:. Integers satisfyi ng both: 7, Sand 9
=> x2- 4x-5>0 => x<-l or x>5
(ii) (2-x){x+3) > 0 => -3<x<2 x>O
3x-4>2(x-1) => 3x-4>2x-2 => x>2
(b) -1 ::;x<2 x>5
'And'withx<6: 2<x<6
IOA.13 HKDSEMA 2015 I 5 (bl x-� >4 => x2-5<4x
I0B.4 HKCEEMA 1993 I 4
lOA.4 HKCEEMA.2000-1-5 7-3x => x2-4x-5<0 => -1<x<5
(,) --:::;z(x+2) => 7-3x:51Dx+20 => x'2:-l .2-x-2<0 ⇒ (x+I)(x-2)<0 => -l<x<2
5 x<O
ll-2x<5 => 2x>6 => x>3 13
4x-13>0 => x>4 Hence. -l<y-100<2 => 99<y<l02 -1<x<0

.· . 'And'·. x> � lOB.12 (HKCEEAM 1996-I-3)

4
-5-4-3-2-l O I 2 3 4 5
(b ) 4
10B.5 HKCEE MA1996
(i) x+5>8 ⇒ x>3
5 lx- 3
C•I x+l < -l * 2x-3:5x+l * X:5 4
(ii) (x-2)(x- 4)<0 '9 2<x<4 x>-1
l0A.5 HKCEEMA2002 I 7 -l<x:54
l0A.14 HKDSEMA.2016-1-6 Hence. 3<x<4
(a) 3x+6�4+x-=> 2x'2:-2 => x�-1
{a) x+6<6(x+ll) -=> x>-12
2x-3
(b) --<!
x+I -
* 2x-3'2:x+l x'2:4
(b) lx-5<0 => x<� :. 'Or': x>-12 lOB,6 HKCEEMA 1997 I 4 x< -I
2
5 (b) -1 :. No solution
:. 'And•: -1 :::;x< 2 (i) 2x>l7⇒x>¥
IOB.13 HKCEE AM 1998 I 6(a)
(ii) (x-9)(x-7)>0 => x<7 orx>9
I0A.15 HKDSEMA 2017 I 5 x2-6x-16>0 => (x-8)(x+2)>0 => x<-2 or x>8
l0A.6 HKCEEMA2003 - I-2 Hence, x>9
llx+S
3-5x (a) 7(x-2):5-- => 21x-42:511x+8 => x:55
- -�2-x => 3-5x�8-4x => x:::;-5 3 IOB.14 (HKCEEAM1999-1-2)
4 6-x<5 => x> I lOB.7 HKCEEMA2001 I 4
x+8>0 => x>-8 :. 'And': I <x:55 (,) -"->2 => x>2(x-l) => x<2
.2+x-6>0-=> (x+3)(x-2)>0 => x<-3 orx>2 x-1

r::=
'And': -8 <x :5 -5 (b ) 4 (2. 3, 4 and 5) x>l

lOA.7 HKCEEMA 2005 I 4 IOA.16 HKDSEMA2018 I 6

:::1
-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4 5
.. I <x<2
(b) ____!__>2 => x<2(x-1) => x>2
x-1
3-x -11 x<l
-3x+l >4x-20 a> 7x<21 a> x<3 (a) - ->2x+7 => 3-x>4x+14 => x<
-] :. No solution
2x+l �O x 2 S
10B.8 HKCEEAM 1985-T-3
=> '2: T x+s;;;:o => x;;;:-s
-1 _11 lOB.15 (HKCEEAM2000-I- 1)
:. 'And': x<3 :. 'And': -8 :5x< -- , a-,/af+i6< < a+Ja2+16
2 ::; 5 -4<- 0 =>
(b) -3 ,,;--a.,: 2 _x 2 Solve lhe inequality � 2 l for each of the following cases:
a + v'ci!+T6 X
lOA.8 HKCEE MA 2006- I-2 4-=> a2 +16=(8-a) 2 => a=3
2 (a) �>1 => l>
- x => x:51
19 (3)- Ji}j'+l6 = -1 x~
(,) 6x+6<x+25 5x< 19 a> x< IOA.17 HKDSEMA2019-I-6 => Least possible value of x
5 7x 26 2
(b) (a) : :::;2(3x-1) => 7x+26:524x-8 => x'2:2
lOB.9 HKCEEAM 1986-1-7
l0A.9 HKCEEMA2008 I ' (b) 45-5x'2:0 => x:59
:. 'And': 2 :5 x :5 9
(a) x>�+2 => x2>3+2x
35 8(2.3,4,5,6,7,8,9) X
(•) 14x'2: 10x+35 a> 4x'2:35 a> x '2:4 => x2-2x-3>0 :=> x<-1 orx>3 :. No solution

,.
I0A.18 HKDSEMA2020 1 6
(b) 9 x>O
7-, x>3 10B.16 HKCEE AM201 l
3-:r>- 5+x>4
JOA.IO HKCEEMA.2010-1-? 6-2x>1-x " X>-l (b) x>�+2 => x2<3+2x Solve the following inequalities:
II
(,) 29x-22 :5 21x a> Sx:5 22 a> X:5 4 x<-1 ., x>-1 x=> x2-2x-3<0 => -l<x<3 (a) 5x-3>2:c+9 => 3x>12 => x>4
(b) x(x-8) :520 => .:i.2-Sx- 20:50 => -2:5x:5 10
x<O
_,
Th=fore. x can be any real numbers except -1.
(b) 2 -1 <x< 0 (c) 'Or': x2 -2

309 3'0
lOC Problems leading to quadratic inequalities lOC.5 HKCEE MA 2003- I- I 0 lOC.10 HKCEEAM 1991 I-7 lOC.13 (HKCEEAMI995-I-IO)
in one unknown ( ) LetV=hL+kL2 •
a (a) Fromthefirstequation,p+q=2-k (a) f(a) = g(a)
30=IOh+IOOk ⇒ h=-1 ⇒ V Fro m thesecondequation, pq+k(p+q) = I 12a2 +2pa- q = l2a2 +2qa-p
IOC.I HKCEEMA1983(B)-I-14 = 0.4L2- L
{ 75= I5h+225k { k=0.4 pq=1-k(Z-k) 2a..(.p.--qy = -..(.p.--qy (·. · p,q are distinct}
, {a+/3
( )
=2m (b) 0.4L2 -LC::30
=(k+I)2
2a=-l c::> a=
-1
a/3 =n -15 (b) Sumofroots=p+q=2-k
Zp -p I
2
2L2 -5L-150C::0 => LS.-- 7 orLC::10 Productof or ots =( k + 1)2
(i) (m-a)+(m-,B) =2 m-(a+,B) =2m-{2m) =0 a+ = - ⇒ =
( ii) (m- a)( m-f3 Since 5 5. L 5. 25 , the o s ul tion is- IO 5. L 5. 25. :. Requiredequati on; x2-(2 - k x+) (k+I)2 = 0 (b) .8 u .8 6+2
=m ) 2-(a+f3)m+ af3 -p -p -1 p
= = =
=m2-(2m)m+(n) ::=n-m1 lOC.6 HKCEE MA 2004 I 10 Hence, t.C::0 ar u => r 12 7 2 6
(k-2) 2 -4(k+I)2C::O
(b) By (a), the equation is (a) Lety=k+ki2. Cc) Ci l P+,'-(,B+rl(P'-Pr+i'I
x2 - (sumx) + (product)= 0
x2-(0)x+(n-m1)=0 ⇒ x2+n-m2 =0
3=3h.1..9k
{12=4h,+16k ⇒ {k=2
h=-5
� (!.) [i-E+!._E (-p +!.)+i]
2 3664 6 6 2 36

=½ (�-�+¼)
( c ) x2- 2mx+4=0 , 7
'
(b) '.!X""-5x<42 ,:,;,- 2x--5x-42<0 ⇒ - <x<6
Real roots :::;,- d 2:-: 0 2
(2m)2 -4(4 2'.) 0 .·. Possiblevaluesof x are -3, -2, -1. O. I, 2, 3, 4 and 5. lOC.11 HKCEEAM 1991 I 9 Thus , thegiven inequalitybe comes
m12".4 => m$-2or m?:2 lOC.7 HKCEE AM 1983 I I (a) g(x) = -2x2-12x-23 =-2(x2+6x+9- 9)-25 7p2 pl7
- < -g+ <
x2+4x+2+A(2x+ 1) =0 ⇒ x2+2{2+A)x+(2+A) =0
= -2(x+3)2-5 24 24 g 24
lOC.2 HKCEEMAI985(AIB)-I-13
t. < 0 5. -5 < 0 =a;, -1<p2 -3p+3<1
No real roots =;-
(a) DE2 =BD2 +BE2 - 2-BD·BEcosLB
4(2+A.)2 -4 (2+A) <O (b) (i) f( x) +kg(x) = 0 {p2 -3p-4<0
= (2-x)2+x2-j( 2 - x () x)�
A. 2 +3A.+2<0 =;- -2<A<-1 (-<2+2x- 2)+k(-2x1- 12x-23) =0 =a;, p2 -3p+l0>0
=3x2-6x+4 (I -2k)x2+2(1-6k)x- (2+23k) =0 -1<p<4
(b) Areaof.6DEF=½DE-D£sin60° lOC.8 HKCEEAM 1988 I 5 Equal rts ⇒ A=0 a> { ⇒-1<p<4
AU real nos
m+60
.6.= (4m)2-4(4m+ 15) = 16m2 -16 4(1-6k) 2 +4(1- 2k.)(2+23k) =0 (ii) p=3 and q=0
=!(3x2-6x+4)· v'3 If f(x ) 0forallrealx.
> t.<0 IOk2-7k-3=0
p=2 n a d q=l (sincep+q=3)
2 2 -3
4(4m2 -4m+ 15)<0 k=lor-
=4
,/3(3.r-6
, x+4) (2m+3)(2m-5) <0 ,:,;,-
-3
<m<� -3
10
k1 = l, k 2 = 1Q
= 31 (x2-2x+�) lOC.9 HKCEE AM 1988 I 10
2 2
(ii ) f(x)+kig(x)
10C.14 (HKCEEAM 1996-1-8)
= (x2+2x-2)-(2x2 + 12 x+23) The graph of y =r'- -(k-2)x+k+1 intersectsthe x-axis at
=3f(x2-2x+1+½) (a) (i) For I xI {
Sumofrts=-2
= -r'-- lOx-25 = -(x+5 5.)2 0 ) (.B,O), wherek is er al.
two distinct poinst (a, O and
f , P or dof ns = - I
3v'3 f(x) +k zg(x ) (a) Two distinct r oots => d > 0
=4(x-l)2 +4 y3 Sum of rts = 2k.
For g(x), { = cx2+2x-2J + To"c2x2 + 12x+23J (k-2)2 -4(k+1) > 0
nx
.·. M'mimumareaisattainedwhe =
l. Prodofrts = 1..2- 6 J..2 -8k >0 ⇒ k<0 or k>8
3
( c) :3cx-1) 2 +: .:5-: PQ = Diffee r nceofrtsof f(x)
� v'(-2)'-4(-1 �) VS
= � (x2+ 2x+�) = � (x+2)'>O
5 2 16 5 4 -
(b) -5<a+,8<5 ⇒ -S<k-2<5 ⇒ -3<k<7
:. 'And': -3<k<0
1
(x-1)2 .:S 9
RS= Difference of rts of g(x) (c) f(x) +k1g( x) 5. 0
= ,/(2k)2-4(kl-6) = ,J24 f (x) 5. -g(x)
-1 I 2 4
3
.:Sx-l.:S3 => 3.:Sx$
3 (ii) Mid-pt of RS= (
5um ofrts
2
,0) = (k,O) b
�� :� C::-1 (": g(x)<Oy(a)) lOC.15 (HKCEEAM 1997-1-8)
-2 Least value = -1 (a) t.=(k+2) 2 -S(k-1 =k1-4k+ ) 12=(k-2)+82
lOC.3 HKCEEMA 1987(B)-l-14 I fth is is also the mid-pointofPQ, k =
T = -1 . (at tained when f(x)+k1g(x) = 0 # x=-5) C::8>0
.·. The or ots ar erealand distinct.
(a) Letp=ax+�-
( ) {
b
y= f(x) ⇒ x2+2x- l = -x2+2kx-l..2 + 6 f(x + ) ku:(x)C:: 0
x
y=g(x) 3 (b {a+.B =-(k+2)
{7=2a+i ⇒ 4a+b=14 a=2 f ( x c::) wg(x) ) a_B=2(k-I)
2x2+2(1-k)x+k2- 7=0. (*)
:::;> { f( x) < 2_ (a-.B) 2> 2
3
b=6 t.=O
8 =3a+� => 9a+b=24 g(x) - 10 (a+,8)2-4a{3 >9
3 4(1 -k)2- 8(k2-7) =0 3
=
6 k2+2k-15=0 =;- k=-5 or 3 Greatest value= ill (k+2) 2 -8(k-1 > ) 9
p 2x+x- (k-2 2+8 ) >9
Whenx=4, p=2(4)+
' 19
= .
For k=-5,(*)becomes 2x2+12 x+18 =0
2(x+3 )2=0 (attainedwhen x+ ) =0
( 4' '
* x=
-7
4
) (k-2)2 > I =a;, k-2 <-1 or k-2 > 1
(4) 2 x=-3 ⇒ k<l or k>3
(b) 2x+Z < 13 =a;, In tersection=(-3,(-3) 2 +2(-3)-1) = (-3 ,2)
2.r+i<l3x (·.· givenx>O) Fork=3,(*)be comes 2x2-4x+2=0
1 2(x-l )2=0 lOC.12 HKCEE AM 1995 I I lOC.16 HKCEEAMI999-l-4
,
2x--l3x+6<0 => z<x<6 X= I
A=(1- m 2 -4(2m-5)
) =m2 - J0m+21 Let f(x)=2x1+2(k-4)x+k, wherekisreal.
⇒ Intersection=(t,12 +2(1)-l)=(l,2) , <0
If f(x) > 0 forall reul.x.6. (a) t.=4(k-4)2 - 8k=4J..2 -40k+6 4
lOC.4 HKCEEMA 1992-1-6 (c ) f(x >) g( x) m2 -l0m+21 <0 (b ) No interse ctionwith x-axis ⇒ t. < 0
o>O 2x2 +2(l -k)x+k2- 7 > 0 {m-3)(m-7)<:::}0 3<m<7 4(k2- 10k+16)<0
(2k)2 +4(k+6) > 0 If this is true for a ll real x. t,. < 0 (k-2)(k-8) <0 ⇒ 2<k<8
(k+2)(k+3)>0 => k<-3ork>-2 k2 +2k-15 >0
k<-5ork>3

"' 312
lOC.17 HKCEE AM 2005 5 10D Linear programming (with given region) 10D.3 HKCEEMA 1990-I-5 l0D.5 HKCEEMA 199? I 3 -
x2-x-l>k(x-2) => x2-(l+k)x+{2k-1)>0
If this is true for all real x, !.i. <0
l0D.l HKCEE MA 1984(A/B) I 8 By sliding the dashed line, Pattains its greatest value at A and
least value atD. -,-y22
>' y. ' '

�,. ·-- ,�,

(a
y-0 10-0 ) l! !
(l+k)2 - 4(2k-1) <0 (a) (Two- ptform) l3: x-lO = O-IO => y = -x+lO :2x+3y = l8 => x=O { 5
k {£1 �x+Sy:530
k2- 6k+5<0 => I <k<5 { y=6 !

-�
ls :2x-y=-6 (b) 16 ' '
(Orinterce ptform) l3 ; T!j+{o=I => y=-x+lO
'
"'
Greatest P=(0) +4(6)-2 =22 3 '
lOC.18 HKCEEAM2006 4 2
b l1: 2y = 3 => x=l v, £3:y = -2 x=-1
If kx2+x+k > 0 is true for all real x, ( ) A :{
�=�-�=0
{ = => A=(l,�)
2 {4:x+y= -3 =;,- {y=-2 I , 2
{e
y ¾
6.<0 and k>0
2: �-2y= 0 x= 4 LeastP = (-1) +4(-2)-2 = -11 I
'
2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 10
,
1 2 -4.i.2 <0 ={4 6)
I -1 I B: l3:y=-x+IO => {y=6 => B ,
l2 >4 => k< or k >z l0D.6 HKCEE MA 199 3 - I- l(d)
T c· e1:2y = 3 => x=f ⇒ A=(.!2 �)
k> ! . {l :y=-x+l0
3
{ y=¾ 2 '2 By sliding the given line,
2 (i) Greatest value= (1)+2(4) =9, at (1,4)
{2y>3
l0C.19 HKCEE AM 2008- 4 v lue= (0) +2(-3) =-6, at (0,-3)
(ii) Least a
(c) 3x-2y;?:0
a<O y:5-x+lO
(-1)2- 4 (k){9k )<0
l- 3 6k2<0 (d) AtA, P=(l)+2 (D-5=-l
I -! I
lr> => k< or k> (rejected ) AtB, P=(4)+2(6)-5=11
35 6 6 Ate, P=(T)+2G)-s=!f
l0C.20 HKCEEAM 2010- 4 MaxofP=ll, min of P=-1
k-l>0and ti.<O
k2-4k(k-1);;0 (0,-3)
IOD.2 HKCEEMA 1988 I 12 lOD.7 HKCEE MA 1995 I 12
-4 0 - 4 lOD.4 HKCEE MA 1991 I 8
(a) (Two-pt form) L3 : y = => 4x+3y = 12 (a) (i) 20x+40y2:240 => x+2y2:l2
x-0 3-0 (a) (Slope-int form) L2: y=x+2 (ii) 2 5x+37.5y:$300 => 2x+3y:524
X y-0 5-0
(Orinterceptforrn) L3 ; +y =1 => 4x+3y=l 2 (Two-ptform) L 3: x- = _ => y=-x+5 (iii) x+y:$ 10
3 4 5 0 5
X y (b) (x and y must be integers!)

{;!!
(Orinterceptform) L3 : + =1 => y=-x+5
5 5 (3,5), (3,6 ), {4,4), {4,S). (5 ,4). (6,3), (6,4), (7,3)
(b) (c) Cost=25x+37.5y
4x+3y ;,:= 12 (b) { ;!:+2 By sliding the line 25x+37.5y=0 => 2x+3y =0, the
(c) At {0,4), P =(0) +4(4) = 1 6 least cost is attained at {4,4).
At(3,4), P=(3)+4{4)=19
y ;,:=-x+S Least COSl = 25(4)+37.5(4) = ($)250.
(c) (i) At(4,6). P=(4)+2(6) -3=13
At {3,0), P=(3) +4(0) = 3 (d) (i) As Cost= 300, the only two points lying on the line
At{4,l), ?=(4)+2(1)-3=3 25x+37.5y =300are (x,y) = (3,6)and (6,4).
GreatestP=i9, leastP=3 At (1.5,3.S), P = (1.5) +2(3.5)-3 = 5.5 (ii) Number of chocolates=20x+40y
(d) y Min ofP=3, attained at (4, l). At (3,6), Number= 20(3) +40(6)=300
(ii) P=x+2y- 327 => x+2y;?;IO At (6,4), Number=20{6) +40(4)= 280
Draw it inlo lhe diagram: Greatest number= 300

-3y+3 = 0

At (0,4), P=(0)+4(4) = 1 6
At(3,4). P =(3)+4(4) ::d9
At(3,3), P=(3)+4(3)=15
At(I.5,2), P=(l.5)+4(2)=9.S
:. LeastP=9.5 The range of x that covers the new feasible region is
2:Sx:54,
10D.8 HKCEE MA 1996 I 9 10D.10 HKCEE MA 2009 I 16 IOE Linear Programming (without given IOE.3 HK.CEE MA 1983(A/B) - I-12
Li :3x+2y-7=0 x~3 2 1 6
(a) (i) Li:;=��= �-=- =2 ⇒ y=2x
region) y
(a) C: { => {y=-1 =>- (3,-1) 1 8
L3 :2x-y-1=0 l0E.1 HKCEEMA 1980(1/1*/3)-I-12
-I
3x+2y-1�0 Lz;y-24=z(x-12) ⇒ x+2y-60=0
10x+30y$720 ⇒ x+3y:572
(b) { 3x-5y+7;?:0
2x-y-7:50 x+l.5y::";60 ⇒ 2x+3y$120
{
x�y
(c) AtA, 2(1)-2(2)-7=-9
AtB, 2(6)-2(5)-7=-5 x and y are non-negative integers.
AtC, 2(3)-2(-1)-7=1 => Max value= I Let the profit be P=kx+21.y. ByslidingthelineP=0, the
lx�8
maximum is attained at (48, 8).
y<:: 10 . ·. 48 economy- and 8 first-class seats respectively
(b) The constraints are y S 2x
10D.9 HKCEE MA2002 I- 17 ... l IO
4x+8y S 240 "? x+2y S 60
(a) L1: +L=1 => 9x+5y=45k
-=-
Sk 9k x and y are integers.
X y Let the profit be P= 4000x+6000y. X
Lz: llk + 5k = 1 =>- Sx+ 12y = 60k 30
At (8, 16). P=4000(8)+6000(16) = 128000
45x+25y::;;225 ⇒ 9x+5y:s;45 At (12,24), P= 4000(12) +6000(24) 192000 = (c) (i) MaxofP=3(60)+2(0)= 180
=
At (8, 10), P =4000(8) +6000(10) 92000 Min of P=3(10) +2(20) = 70
(b) (i) {50x+ 120y::; 600 =>- Sx+ 12y $ 60
x and y are non-negative integers. =
At (40, 10), P 4000(40)+6000(10) 220000 = (ii) Max of P=3(45)+2(10)=155
=
=
Let the profit be P 3000x+2000y. By slidingthe Max profit= $220000 < $230000 Min of P=3(10) +2(20) 70 (unchanged)
=
line 3x+2y = 0 in the graph with k I,
y
:. NO.

10D.ll HKDSEMA2014-I 18

{0,9)
{a) L2 : y-90 = 90-0
x-45 45-180
= -2 ⇒
3
2x+3y-3 60 = 0
6x+7yS900
x+ 3Y :5 360
.·. The constraints are {l .
(0,5) x�0
)' .2: 0
6x+7yS900
(b) The constraints are {2x+3y::; 360 .
IOE.2 HKCEEMA 1981(112/3) I 8
X x and y are non-negative integers.
0 (5,0) {12,0) Let the profit be P = 440x+665y. x+2y�48
the greatest possi ble profit is attained at (3.3) and At (0,0), P=440(0)+665{0) =U
(5,0) =
Al (0, 120), P 440(0) +665(120) = 79800 {
10x+!5y$450 ⇒ 2.t-+3yS90
Greatest profit= 3000(5) +0= ($)15000 =
Al (45, 90), P 440(45) +665(90) = 79650
x.2:y
45x+25y$450 =>- 9x+5y:590 =
Al (150,0), P 440(150) + 665(0) = 6 6000 x and y are non-negative integers.
(ii) {50.t"+ 120y :S 1200 => Sx+ I2y::,; 120 Max profit= $79800 Let the profit be P = 300x+400y. By sliding the line P = O,
x and y are non-negative integers.
.·. NO. =
the maximum is anained at (x,y) (36,6).
=
By sliding the line 3x+ 2y= 0 in the graph with k 2,
y

60
(O, 18)

(0,10) (b) Constraints: {;:�y�?:�O

7x+2y� 140
x and y are non-negative integers.
Let the cost be C = 1000x+ 2000y. By sliding the line
0 {lO,O)
X
{24,0)
= =
C 0, the minimum is attained at (x,y) (30,10).
:. 30 days for A and 10 days forB
the greatest possible profit is attained at ( 6, 7)
=
Greatest profit=3000(6) + 2000(7) {$)32000

S15 316
lOE.5 HKCEEMA 1987(A/B) I 12 l0E.7 HKCEEMA1994 1-11 l0E.9 HKCEEMA2000 I 15 lOE.10 HKCEE MA 2001 I 15
20000x+5000y 2: 60000 (a) The constraints are (a) Y
(a) {6000x+3000y?:24000 I000(0.04x)+800(0.03y)S2400 ⇒ 5x+3yS300 JOT, , ------ --, --,----,---,--,----,---'
1000(0.0lx)+800(0.25y) S 1200 => x+2yS 120
xeo, yeo {
x+yS 10
(b) {2x+3y2:12 x and y are non-negativeintegers.
4x+y2: 12 The feasible region consists of the lattice poims in the
2x+y2:8 shaded region below.
Let the profit be P = 800x+ IO00y. By sliding the line
P=O,the maximum is anained at (x,y) = (20,50).
y
70

60
X
50 0
2 3 4 5 6 7 10
2
40 (b) (i) y
10

000000••·'.
""1 I : I I ,
=12

-000000•••1
X
0 2 4 8 IO 12

00000••••1
2x+2ye20 cc; x+y�!O

ooooo•H•
20 7
2x 2: 3y
X (bl (i) {
x+2y2: 12
x?:0, y?:0 -00000He•­
;:;:;:; ;;;Ci;f c s:,..fl
. (ii) The feasible region is shaded above.
Let lhe payment be P = 500x+ 300(x+ 2y) , --0000••·••1
(c) Let the cost be C=4000x+3000y. By sliding the line
,-0000•••••1
,,ooo••••
ooo••••••
.. .
C= O, the mini mum is attained at {3,2). = 800x+600y
Least cost= 4000(3) +3000(2) = ($)18000 By sliding the line P = 0, the minimum is attained at (b) Extra constraint: x > y.
(x,y) = (6,4). The new feasible region consists of the lattice points in the
(darker)shaded reg ionbelow.
l0E.6 HKCEEMA 1989 I 14 Length= 6 m, Width= 4 m,
Payment= 800(6) + 600(4) = ($)7200 P now attains its maximum at (36,34). (Notethat (35,35)
is not n
i the feasible region.)
Greatest profit=800(36) + 1000(34) = ($)62800 12345678910
l0E.8 HKCEEMA 1998 I 18 y
70� -- - (ii) (1) Numberoftablesinthesmokingarea=46
Prob= 9Q = 45
0.32x+0.28y S 4.48 ⇒ Sx+ 1y S 112 46 23
0.24x+0.36yS 4.32 => 2x+3y S36
(a) { 60 (2) Number of tables in the non-smoking area &
2x+I0yS100 => x+5yS50 multiple of3 = 14
x;?:0, y2:0 46x 14x2! 644
Prob=
y 90x89 4005
20

15

(b) (i) z= 100-x-y

(ii) Cost= 6x+5y+4z= 6x+5y+4(100-x-y)
= ($)2x+y+400
(iii) 4-00x+ 600y +400z 2: 44000
=> 2x+3y+2(100-x-y) 2:220 => y2::20 =36
800x + 200y +400z 2: 48000 20
X
=e>- 4x+y+2(100-x-y)2:240 =:> 2x-y2:40
,>O (b) Letthe profit be P= 90x+ l20y. By sliding the lineP= 0
=> 100-x-y?:0 aq,- x+y:5100 among the lattice points in &l, the maximum is attained at
(iv) By sliding the line Cost= 0, the minimumis attained (6,8),
at (30,20). Ma;.;. profit= 90(6) + 120(8) = ($)1500
i.e. x= 30,y =20, z= 100-30-20 = 50

317
 11 Geometry of Rectilinear Figures 11.9 HKCEEMAI 998-r-2 1
(ii) AC=AB=�=--'-
cos LA cos36 °
x=180-120=60 ( adj. Ls on st. line ) BE=AEtanLA = 10tan36°
II.I HKCEEMA1980{1/l*/3)-I-l ·. In 6BPD and 6BPQ, y= (4-2)180-80-140-x (L sum of polygon) I
PB=PB (common) =80 Area of 6.A.BC = AC·BE =44.9 (cm2 , 3.s.f.)
x0 +3x"= (2x+40 t (ext.Loft::.) LPBD=LQBP (given)
2
x=20
LDPB=LQPB (proved)
11.10 HKCEEMA1999-I-14 11.14 HKCEEMA2005-l-8
6.BPD2;!68PQ (AAS)
PDPQ (corr. sides, £a: 6s) (a) LABE 180"-LABD (adj. Ls on st. line) x= (6-2 )18076 = 120 (Lsumof polygon)
CP=DP (=PQ) 180° -LCDB (alt.Ls, AB//DC)
In .6A.BC, LB= 120°

11
11.2 HKCEEMA1980(l*)-I-l5
AC=AQ (corr. sides, 8$" 6s) LCDF (adj. Ls 011 st line)
AB=BC
(o) (given)
(a) In 6.EMC and Lvl.DC, BD = BQ (corr.sides, 2;! 6.s) (b) In MB£ and 6CDF, :. y0 =LBAC (base Ls, s
i os.6.)
x=y (given) AC+BD=AQ+BQ=AB AB=CD (property of/ /gram) y= (180-LB +2 (Lsumof6)
)
LECM = LACD (common) EB=FC (given) =30
LMEC = LDAC (L sum of .6.) LARE = LCDF (proved) LABG = LBAG = 30°
MMC~ L\ADC (AAA) B l:::.ABE � 6CDF (SAS) i' = LA.GB
EM EC l y D '9 LE=LF (corr.Ls,�6s)
(vert. opp. Ls)
Hence, = C = 3 (corr. sides,~ .6.s) z=IB0-30-30=120 (Lsumof6)
AD A :.;-- EA/ /CF (alt. Ls equal)
llA HKCEEMA 1988-l-8(n)
1
EM= AD (i)
J 11.11 HKCEEMA2000-l-13 II.IS HKCEEMA2006-I-5
A
�
=½GAB)=¾AB (a) LA = LABC = LBCD (given) LABE = LAEB (base Ls. isos . .6)
� = (5-2)180° -:--5 (Lsumofpolygon) =LCBE=70" (alt.Ls,BC//AD)
(b ) x=y (given) = 108° LBCD= 180°-LABC (i.nt. Ls,AB//DC)
AB//EM (corr. Ls equal) LGCD = 90° (propertyof square) = 180°-(70° - 70° ) = 40°
In 6.BDP and 6.EMP, B C =? LBCG=l08° -90° =J8 °
LBPD=LEPM (vert. opp.Ls) (ii) LABC = 90 ° (property of square) BC=CD=CG (given)
LPBD=LPEM (altLs,AB//EM) LPBC=60 (propertyofequil6.)
°
LGBC = LBGC (base Ls, isos. 6) 11.16 HKCEE MA2007-I-8
1 => LABP = 90° - 60° = 30° In.6.BCG, LGBC= (180°-LBCG)-:-2 (Lsumof 6) .i: = 180° -110° = 70° (ad.
BD=EM= As (proved) AB = BC (property of square)
j Ls on st. line)
4 =81 °
LCBF = z (base Ls, isos. 6.)
.6.BDP2;!l:::.£MP (AAS ) = BP (property of equil6.) LABP = 108° -81" = 27°
(c) PD=PM (corr. sides. 2;! 6s) => LPAB = LAPB (base Ls, isos. 6.) LEBC=110" (alt.Ls,AC//DF)
LAPB=180° -LA-LABP=45 ° (Lsumof6)
CM EC I = (180° -30° ) -;-2 = 75 ° (L sum of .6.) Z=110 °-90° =20°
= co r. sides.~6s)
CD AC 3 ( r y=180"-90°-x=20° (Lsumcf6)
=
LPQC = 180° -LPAB = 105 ° Ont.Ls,AB//DC) 11.12 HKCEEMA 2002 I - JO
=> DM=3CD=2CM 11.5 HKCEEMA1993(l)-I-l(c) (a) In 6.ABC. LB = LC (base Ls, isos. 6)
PM=CM (=PD) = (180° -20°)-:--2 (L sumof6) 11.17 HKCEEMA2008-l-9
X 3 21
(d) PM= CM (proved) ?=5 (mtercept Ihm) ,=;,, x=5 = goo x=33 °
(alt.Ls,CD//AB)
Area of .6.EMP = Aer a of !::.EMC In 6CBE, LE=LB= S0° (base Ls, isos.6.) y=43"+x=76° (cxtLof.6)
l:::.BDP 8$" .6.EMP (proved) 11.6 HKCEEMA1995-I-l(c) LECB = 180 °- 2(80° ) (L sum of 6.) LACE=y = 76° (base Ls. isos. 6.)
Area of .6.BDP =Area of 6.EMP Required L = (S- 2)180° -:--8 = 135 ° (L sum of polygon) = 20° z=180 °
-LACE-y=28 ° (Lsumof6)
1 LECF = 80° -20 ° = 60 °
Hen ce, Area of 6.BDP = zArea of C::.PEC
11.7 HKCEEMA 1995-I-l(d) Thus, 6CEF is equilateral. => LCEF = 60" 11.18 HKDSE MA 2020-I- 8
AB= DC= 5 and LA = 90° (property of rectangle) (b) LEDF = LDEF (base Ls. isos. 6)
BD=JAB1 +ADl=l3 (Pyth.thm) = 180° -LCEF-LBEC (adj. Ls on st line) s, AB""BE (given)
11.3 HKCEEMA 1981(2)-1-14 =40°
11.8 HKCEEMA 1996-I-IO LDFA=40 -LA=20 (ext.Lof6)
° ° LAEB = LBAE (base Ls, isos. A)
(a) LXAB+LYBA = 180 ° (int. Ls,XA//YB) LDFA = LDAF = 20� (proved) LAEB=30°
2LPAB + 2LPBA = 180° (given) (a) X = 360° - 80° - 60° - 80° - 75° =65°
(sum of ext. Ls of polygon) AD=DF (sides opp. equal Ls)
LPAB+LPBA = 90° L4DB==LBED+LDBE (ext. L ofA)
:. In l:::.ABP, (b) 6.ABE and 6CDB (SAS)
11.13 HKCEEMA2004 1-12 42° =30"+LDBE
LAPS= 180 ° -(LPAB+LPBA) (L sum of 6) (c) In6ABE.y+z=S0° (ext.Loft:;.)
(a) (1) LAEF = LCED (vert. opp.Ls) LDBE=12"
= 180° -90° (proved) 6.ABE � 6.CDB
=90° LCDB = y (corr. Ls, £a: 6.s) = LCDE (base Ls, isos. 6.) LBEC"" LDBE (alt.Ls , BD // CE)
(b) Let Q be on AB such that LAPQ = LAPC. BD = BE (corr.sides, £a: 6s) =36° =12"
In D.APC and l:::.APQ, LBDE = LEED (base Ls, isos. 6) (ii) LABC= LACS (base Ls, isos . .6.) b LDCE=LBDC (alt.Ls,BD//CE)
AP=AP (common) =180° -z- (65 ° ) (adj.Lsonst.line) = LCDE + LCED (ext. L of .6.) aB
LCAP=LQAP (given) = 115° -z = 72° LCEF+LCFE+LECF=-180° (LsumofA)
LAPC = LAPQ (by construction) LCDB+LBDE + 75° = 180° (ad. j Ls onst. line) LBAC=l80° -2 (72 °)=36° (Lsumof.6.)
C::.A.PC 2;! 6.A.PQ (AAS) y+(IW-z)+75 ° = 180° LFAE = LAEF = 36° (proved) 12"+LCFE+0:180°
(b ) (i)
CP=PQ (corr.sides, � 6.s) z-)'= 10 °
AF=FE (sides opp. equal Ls) 0:168 °-0
Besides, = 100 AF=FB,FE=FB (given)
:.;-- { y 35
= o

LQPB = 90 - LAPQ = 90° - L.APC (corr.Ls, £a: 6s)

° Hence, { :-y LEFB=LA+LAEF=72° (ext.Lof.6.)
y+z=80° z=45 °
=> LDPB=180 ° -90° -L.APC (adj.Lsonstline) LFEB = LFBE (base Ls, isos. 6.)
=90° -LAPC ·. ln.6.BDE, 0=180° -2LBED (Lsumof.6.J = (180° -LEFB)-;-2=54°
=LQPB = 180° -2(ll5 ° -z) = 40° Hence, LAEB = LAEF+LFEB = 36° +54° = 90°

319 320
11B Congruent and similar triangles llB.5 HKCEE MA2010 I 9 llB.9 HKDSE MA 2015 13 (ii) DE=Ycol+cE2 =60cm (Pyth.thml
(a) LEAC+LACD=180 ° (intLs,AE//CD) (a) In 6ABE and .6.BCF, I ,
Area of DADE= (25)(60) = 750(cm-)
lIB.l HKCEE MA 1982(2)-1-13 InMBC, LABC+LBAC+ LBCA = 180" AB=BC (pro perty of square) 2
(a) LDAB = LEAC = 60" (property of equil. .6.) (Lsumof 6) LB=LC=90° (property of square) (iii) AD= J251 +601 = 65 (cm) (Pyth. thm)
LDAB + LBAC = LEAC + LBAC LABC+(l08 -i.EAC)+(126° -LACD) = 1 80°
°
AE = BF (given) Let£ cm be the shortest distance from E to AD.
LDAC=LBAE °
LABC+234 -(180 ) = 180°
°
6ABE�6BCF (RHS) AD-e
- - = Area of !::,ADE
In MDC and !:::.ABE, (proved) {b) LAEB = LBFC (corr. sides, 8!: .6.s) 2
DA = BA (property of cquil. D.) £=2x750-:-65
LABC = 126° In D.BEG,
LDAC=LBAE (proved) = 23.077 > 23
(b) In /Y.BC and 6DCB, LBGE = 180° - LGBE-LGEB (L sum of 6) .-. NO.
AC=AE (property of equil. D.) AB=DC (given) = 180° - LGBE- LBFC (proved)
.6.ADC e! .6.ABE (SAS) LABC = LDCB = 1 26° (proved) = LBCF=90° (L sum of D.)
DC=BE (corr. sides,� D.s) 11BI3 HKDSEMA2020-l-18
BC=CB (common) :. YES.
/Y.BC � D.DCB (SAS) (c) BE= CF= 15 cm (corr. sides, 2" 6s) LTUV =L.J'WU (L. ill al� •'1',lllonl)
BG=JBE'- -EG2=12cm (Pyth.thm) LUTV=L.WTU (=L.)
llB.2 HKCEE MA 2001-I- J l LUVT=LWUT [3rdLofil)
(a) PA 1=PA=xcm MflV-MTU (A.A.A.)
llB.6 HKCEEMA20l1 T-9 llB.10 HKDSEMA2016 I 13
In&BA', x2=PB2 +BA12 (Pyth.thm) DE = ED (common) ,l.UTV-t;.WIV (from{n))
2 2 (a) In 6.ABD and D.ACD, (a)
x = (12-x)2+(12-;-2)
;,f = 144-24.:c+/+36 ⇒ x=7.5
LBAD=LCAD (given) BD+DE=CE+ED (given)
BE=CD
:=f& (<:0<r.,id.._-.1sj
AD=AD (common) ro = ;v
(b) In MBA' and M1CR, LABD=LACD (given) In 6ACD and .6.ABE, TV+YW JV
LB=LC=90" (given) 6ABD �D.ACD (ASA) BE=CD (proved)
LBPA' = 180° -LB-LPA'B (Lsumof .6.) �=�
(b) LCAD=LBAD=31 ° (given) LAEB=LADC (given) 32S+VW iSO
,,,,90° -LPA'B In MCD, AE=AD (sides opp. equal Ls) VW�1541cm
LCA'R= 180 -LPA'R-LPA'B (adj.Ls on st. line
°
LADC = 180° -31 ° - !7° = 132° (L sum of D.) 6ACD�6ABE (SAS) Tb, circumference ofC= ,r\1547)
=90° -LPA'B LADE=LADC = 132° (corr.Ls.� D.s) =el547,rcm
DM = EM (given)

:=�
(b) (i)
=e:,. LBA'P = LCA1R DB = DC (corr. sides,� 6s) MflV-t>.WIU {liom(a))
:. AM .1.DE (propertyofisos. .6.)
LBA'P=LCRA' (L sum of D.) LBDC = 360° - 132° - 132° = 96° (Ls ata pt) AM=JAD2 -(DE-:-2)2 = 12(cm) (Pyth. thm) (corr.oides,-!1:1)
.6.PBA 1 ~ 6A1 CR (AAA) LCBD=LBCD (base Ls, isos. 6) (ii) AB=JAM-+BM-=20(cm) (Pyth.thm) UV "' 325
PA' A'R = (180° -96° )-:-2 =42° (L sum of 6)
(c) = (corr. sides.~ D.s) B£2 =252 = 625 uw 180
PB A'C AB2 +AE1=AB2 +AD 2 {corr. sides,� D.s)
7.5 A'R uv .. fi:irn'
⇒ A'R= I0(cm) =202 + 152 = 625 = BE 1
12-7.5 =-y ·. YES. (converse of Pyth. thm) LVUW"=90" (Linoc:mi-circl•J
llB.7 HKDSEMA2013 1-7
uv'+UW'=VW' (Pylh.Thm.J
(a) BE= CE (given)
llB.3 HKCEE MA 2003 - I- 8 LBCE = LCBE (base Ls, isos. D.) llB.11 HKDSEMA2017 I-10 (iiuwJ +aw' =154i'
In .6.ABC and 6DCB, (a) OP= OR and PS= RS (given)
(a) In l::.ABC and D..CDA, UW=J428cm
LBAC=LBDC (given) OS.l.PR (propertyofisos.6)
AB= CD (property of//gram) Thcpcnmele< oft.UVW =DY +VII'+ VW
LACB=LDCB (proved) In 60PS and 60RS.
BC =DA (p ro perty of //gram) BC= CB (common) OP=OR (given) =ii"UW+UW+MI'
AC= CA (common)
L::.ABC � 6DCB {A.AB) 0S=0S (common)
.6.ABC �lJ>.CDA (SSS) =�{1428}+ 1428+1547
(b) (i) 3 (6ABC � 6DCB, 6ABE � 6DCE, .6.ABD� 6DCA) L0SP = L0SR (proved)
(b) l::.ABD � D.CDB, !:::.ABE� D.CDE. 6ADE � .6.CBE
(ii) 4 (the 3 in (i) and .6.ADE ~ .6.CBE) 60PS�L0RS (RHS) =3S"J0em
=35.1,u
;,-3'!'.m
llB.12 HKDSEMA2018 1-13 Tuerefurc, the perimeter of .i.UVW c.�c.,,.J,, 35 m.
llB.4 HKCEE MA 2009 -I- 11
llB.8 HKDSEMA 2014 I 9 (a) LC=l80° -LB=90° (int.Ls,AB//DC) Thccl,rlmiso.sreO<iwith.
(a) LADC=LACE-LCAD (ext.Loft.) LBAE = 180° - LAB£- LAEBquad (L sum of .6.)
= LACE- LBCE (given) (a) In !:::.ABC and 6BDC,
=90"-LAEB
= LACB LC=LC (common)
LCED = 180 ° - LAED- LAEB (adj. Ls on st. line)
In 6.ABC and l:,AED, LBAC=LDBC (given)
= 90" -LAEB
AC=AD (given) LABC=LBDC (L sum of 6)
BAE=LCED
BC=ED (given) 6ABC~6BDC (AAA )
LACB = LADE (proved) AC BC In .6.ABE and D.ECD,
D.ABC� D.AED (SAS)
(b) (corr. sides,~ D.s) LB=LC= 90° (proved)
BC DC
25 = 20 LBAE = LCED (proved)
(b) (i) In 6.ABF and D.DEA,
20 DC LBEA = LCDE (L sum of .6.)
LAFB=LDAE (alt Ls,AD//BC)
DC= 16 D.ABE ~ 6ECD (AAA)
LABF=LDEA (corr. Ls,� 6s)
LBAF = LEDA (L sum of 6) sc1 = 202 = 400 (b) (i) BE= JAE 2 -AB2 = 20cm (Pyth. thm)
6ABF~6DEA (AAA) BD '- +CD2 = 12 2 +162 =400=B C2 AB EC
= (corr. sides,~ D.s)
(ii) D.CEF, D.CBA D.BCD is a right-Led 6. (converse of Pyth. thm) BE CD
15 36
=
w co
CD= 48cm

321 322
 12 Geometry of Circles 12A.8 HKCEEMA 1990- I -9 (c) LBQC=LEOC=28 (proved)
(a) In DABD and .6.ACD, BOQC is cyclic. (converse ofLs in the same segment)
12A Angles and chords in circles (c) LADE= LADC = 90° (Lin semi-circle) =
LCBQ LCOQ (Ls in the same segment)
AB=AC (given) = 2.LCAD=2(/l (L at centre twice Lat 0c�)
12A.l HKCEEMA 1980(1/1*/3)-l-10 AD=AD (common)
=
(a) LPAX 20 (L at centre twice Lat 0"') £:,ABO � 6ACD (RHS) 12A.11 HKCEEMAI994-I-13
Similarly, LQBX = L.RCX = 20
(b) Areas of sector OAP: OBQ; OCR= (OA: OB: oc)2
X ��: :�--� ->,:. -� ��--'�_·:·�·:����:z (b) In LMBD and DADE.
LABD=LADE (L in alt. segment)
(a) d = b (ext. L, cyclic quad.)
g=I80 ° -d-LDEG (L sum ofb..)

CD
=4:9: 16 ·}j-,_,�<�f'.\ LBAD=LDAE (corr. Ls,""'- ,6s)
LADB=LAED (L sumof ,6)
= 180 ° -d-e
(c) co sLRCX=
2 I
= =z ⇒ 28=60° ⇒ 0 __ 300
y k2 = k1 (vert. opp. L s)
cR 4 DABD~DADE (AAA) =180° -b-LAEG (Lsum ofb..)
BX=XDandBY=YC (given)
(c) (i) AD=)ABl-EDl=3 (Pyth.t hm) =180° -d-e=g (proved)
12A.2 HKCEEMA 1980(1*)-I-14 XY = ½DC and XY//DC (mid-pt thm) AB AD
= (corr. sides.� L'i.s) LFGH=LFKH
(a) =
LCAD LCAD (common) =
Similarly. YZ ½sE and YZ/ /BE (mid-pt thm)
BD DE
5 3
(b) hz=g+LGFH=g+f (extLof.6)
x+LCAD=LCAD+y (given) h1=k2+LKFH=k2+f (extLofb..)
⇒ LBAD = LCAE
=
DC=BE (proved):. XY=YZ 4 DE =g+f=h2 (proved)
LEFD=60 ° (proved) DE=2.4
In b.ABD and .6ACE, hi =h2=180° -:-2=90° (adj.Ls onstline)
LBFC= 180° -60° = I20° (adj. Ls on st line)
AB=AC
LBAD=LCAE
(given)
(proved)
=
and LCFE 60° (vert opp.Ls)
(ii) LAED= LADE= 90° (corr. Ls,~ .6.s)
=
LCFB 90° (Linsemi-circle)
i.e. FH l_ GK
(c) (i) d=180° -a-2e (Lsumof6)
AD=AE (given ) Suppose xY meets BE atH and YZmeet s DCatK. Then Inb..CFBandb..CDA, =180° -a-2! (given)
.6ABD!:a!".6.ACE (SAS) LYHF=LCFE=60° (corr.Ls,XY//DC) LCFB = LCDA = 90° (proved) =LABF (Lsumofb..)
(b) LABK = LACK (corr. Ls,� .6.s) LYKF=LBFD=60° (corr.Ls,YZ//BE) LC=LC (common) ·: d+LABF=180° (opp.Ls,cyclic quad.)
ABCKis cyclic. (converse of Ls in the same segment) Hence, LCEF=LCAD (Lsum of 6) d= 180° -:-2=90°
(c) AEDK LXYZ = 360
-LYHF-LYKF-LBFC = 120°
° b..CFB~li.CDA (AAA) =
Henc e, d = h2 90° (proved)
(Lsumof polygon) CF CD
CB CA
= (corr. side s,� b..s) * =
D, J, Hand Gare concyclic. (ext. L int. opp. L)
12A.3 HKCEEMA 1981(2)-1-7 LXZY = LZXY (base Ls, iso s. .6) (ii) d=J80° -28° -a=152 ° -a (Lsumofb..)
=(180 ° -120° )-:-2=30° (L sumofb..) AC+AF CD b=a+46° (ex.t.Lofb..)
LO.BA= 40 (base Ls, isos. ,0,.)
°
CD+DB CA = I52° -a=a+46° (ext.L,cyclicquad.)
LBOA = 180 -40 -40 = 100 (L sum of D.)
° ° ° ° 5+AF 4 a=53 °
LBCA = 100 +2 = 50 (Lat centre twice Lat 0
° °
)
.-c --=- => AF=l.4
4+4 5 LBCD= 180° -53° (opp. Ls, cyclic quad.)
l2A.9 HKCEE MA 1992- I-11 = 127°
12A.4 HKCEEMA 1982(2)-1-6 I2A.6 HKCEEMA 1989-I-4 (a) =
f!J d (corr. L.s, FE//AD)
x=50 ° -20° =30° (ext.Lof.6.) (a) C =
b d (Ls in the same segment) 12A.12 HKCEEMA 1996-1 6
Let OC meet the circle at E. Then d=f1 (ext. L, cyclic quad.)
LEAP=LDCP (ext L, cyclic quad.)
LBOD=l80 ° -x=150" (adj.Ls onst.line) e3=f1 =LABP (corr.Ls,AB//DC)
⇒ = =
LBED 150 ° + 2 75° (Lat centre twice Lat 0u) i.e. .6.EFY i s isoscele s . (sides opp. equal Ls)
:. AP= BP (sides opp. equal Ls)
=
z= 180° - LBED 105 ° (opp. Ls, cyclic quad. ) (b) · BCD =APE (given)
* y=l80 ° -20° -;;=55° (Lsumofb..) e 1 = b (equal arcs, equal Ls)
BA//DE (alt Ls equal) 12A.13 HKCEEMAI997-I-9
=
(c) ft b (ext. L, cyclic quad.) =
(a) LBDC = LBAC 30° (Ls in the same segment)
= e1 (proved) LADE= 90° -LBDC = 60° (Lin semi-circle)
=
e3 d (proved) =
(b) AB : BC = LADE ; LBDC 2 : 1 (arcs prop. to Ls at
(b) In DAEM and b..A.CM, f1+e3+y=180° (L sumofb..) 0"e)
AM=AM (common) => (ei)+(d)+y=180° =
(c) LABC 90° (Lin semi-circle)
MB=MC (given) x+y== 180° (ext.Lofb..)
A,X, E and Y arc concy clic. (opp. Ls supp.)
⇒ AB=4cos30°=2v'3, BC=4sin30° =2
LAMB=LAMC=90" (Lin semi- circle) AB:BC=v'3:I
6ABM S:::: 6ACM (SAS) (d) Ji =b=47 ° (proved)
12A.S HKCEEMA 1982(2)-I-13 LBAM=LCAM (corr. Ls, s:::: b..s) =
e3 = /1 47" (proved)
I2A.14 HKCEEMA 1998-1-6
i.e. AM bisects LBAC. y=i80° -/1-e3=86° (Lsumofb..)
(a) LDAB=LEAC=60 ° (property of equil . .6) x= 180° -_y=94° (opp. Ls, cyclic quad.) (a) .6.EBA
=
LDAB+LBAC LEAC + LBAC
12A.10 HKCEE MA 1993 I 11 (b) y = 6 *
.v= 9 (corr. s1des,~w.s)
. ,-..
LDAC=LBAE 3 4 2
In 6ADC and 6ABE, (a) LABP = 90° {L in 5emi-circle)
DA=BA (property of equil. .6) =
LPQD 90° (given) 12A.IS HKCEEMA 1998 I 14
LDAC=LBAE (proved) I2A.7 HKCEEMA 1989-I 6 LABP=LPQD
AC=AE (property of equil. b,_) =
(a) LABD = LACD 60° (Ls in the same s egment) A, Q, P and Bare concyclic. (ext. L =int. opp. L) OB=OD (radii)
=
6ADC�.6.ABE (SAS) LBAD = 180° -(60° +40°) (opp. Ls, cyclic quad.) (b) (i) LBAC= LBQP= e (Ls in the :-a.me segment) LODB LOBD (ba se Ls, isos. 6)
DC =BE (corr. sides.� b..s) =80° * =
LBDC e (Ls in the same segment) CB= BA (given)
=
LCDB LEDA (equal chords, equal Ls)
(b) (i) LADC = LABF (corr. Ls, 2a! b..s) Similar Lo (a), we get D, Q, P and Care con cyclic.
A, D, B and Fare concyclic. :;, LPQC = LBDC = e (Ls in lhe same segment) =LOBD
(converse of Ls in the same segment) =
LBQC LBQP + LPQC = 20 B0//CD (alt.Lsequal)
(ii) LBF D=LEAD= 60° (Ls in the same segment) (ii) LBOC=2LBAC=20 (L atcentretwiceLat0"e)

323
12A.16 HKCEEMA 1999-I 5 12A.22 HKCEEMA 2005 - I -17 12A.25 HKCEE MA 2008 I 17 12A.27 HKDSEMA PP-1-7
LADC = 90 ° (L in semi-circle) (a) (i) MN is a diameter (given) (a) Method 1 LDCB = 90 ° (Lin semi-circle)
LADB = 50 ° (Ls in the sa me segment) LNOM = LQRP = 90 ° (Lin semi-circle) I is the incentre of !::.ABC (given) => LDBC = 180 ° -90 ° - 36 ° = 54 ° (L sum of ti.)
y=90-50=40 In L:!.OQR and L:!.ORP, LBAP=LCAP LCAB = 36 ° (Ls in the same segment)
x= 180-20-90=70 (L sum of L:!.) LROQ = LPOR = 90 ° (given) BP= CP (equal Ls, equal chords) LABC = LACE (base Ls, isos. li.)/(equal chords, equal Ls)
LQRO = LQRP-LPRO Merhod2 ={180 ° -L'.CAB)+2=72 ° (L sumof.6.)
LABD = 72 ° -54° = 18 °
°
12A.17 HKCEEMA1999 I 16 =90 -LPRO ! is the incentre of !::.ABC (given)
(a) (i) LBFE = LBDE (Ls in the same segment) LPOR= 180° -LROP-LPRO LBAP=LCAP
=LBAC (corr.Ls,AC//DE) (L sum of L:!.) LBCP = LBAP (Ls in the same segment)
A, F, Band Care concyclic. =90°-LPRO = LCAP (proved)
(converse of Ls in the same segment) => LQPO = LPRO = LCBP (Ls in the same segment)
LABC =90 ° (given)
LRQO=LPRO (Lsum of ti.) => BP= CP (sides opp. equal Ls)
(ii)
ti.OQR~li.ORP (AAA)
AC is a diameter of circle AFBC. Both methods
(converse of Lin sem-circle) OR OP
=> = (corr. sides,~ li.s)
=> Misthe centre ofcircleAFBC => MB=MF OQ OR
OR2 =0P,OQ
12A.18 HKCEEMA2000-I-7 (ii) In ti.MON and .6.POR, 12A.2S HKDSEMAPP -1-14
x = 25 (L in alt. segment)AD//BC LNMO=LQRO (Ls in the same segment) (a) .6.AOD ~ D.CBD
LDBC = LDAC =25° (Ls in the same segment) =LRPO (proved) B
LDAB+LABC= 180 ° (int. Ls,AD/ /BC) LMON=LPOR (proved) 12A.29 HKDSEMA2012-I-8
:. y=l80-25-56-25=74 LMNO=LRQO (Lsumof.6.)
(a) MED~D.BEC
!::MON~.6.RQO (AAA) AE BE
12A.19 HKCEEMA2001 I 5 = (corr. sides,~ .6.s)
Join Cl. Let LACI=LBCI = 8 and LBCP = tp. :. DE CE
LADC =90 ° (Lin semi-circle) 8
12A.23 HKCEEMA 2006 - I - 16 LPAC = tp (equal chords, equal Ls) => AE= xl5=6(cm)
LACD = 30" (Ls in the same segment) (a) (i) G is the circumcentre (given) => LP!C=LPAC+LACI=8+tp (ext.Lof.6.)
2Q
LDAC = 180 ° -90 ° - 30 ° = 60 ° (Lsum of 6) SCl.BC and SAl.AB (L insemi-circ le) (b) Afi2=1D2=100
AE2 +EB2 = 62 +8 2 = 100 =AB2
=LPCI
His the orthocentre (given) IP=CP (sides opp.equal Ls)
UA.20 HKCEEMA2002 I 9 AC l.BD (converse ofPyth. thm)
AH l.BC and CH l.AB i.e.BP=CP=IP
LBCD = 90 ° (Lin semi-circle) Thus, SC//AH and SA//CH => AHCS is a //gram.
LDBC=l80 ° -90 ° -40 ° =50 ° (Lsum ofL:!.) (ii) Method I 12A.26 HKDSE MA SP- I -7 12A.30 HKDSEMA2015-I-8
LBAC = 40° (Ls inth e same segment) LGRB = LSCB = 90 ° (proved) Method I Method I
LABC = LACB (base Ls. isos. L:!.) GR//SC (corr. Ls equal) LABD=90 ° (Lin semi-circle) LACB = LADB = 58 ° (Ls in the same segment)
=(180 ° -40° )+2=70 ° (LsumofL:!.) BG= GS= radius LBDA = 180 ° - 90 ° - 38 ° =52 ° (L sum of .6.) LABD = LADB (base Ls, isos. .6.)/(equal chords. equal Ls)
LABD = 70 ° - 50 ° = 20 ° BR=RC (intercept thm) LCOD=38° (corr.Ls.AB//OC) =58 °
=> SC= 2GR (mid-pt thm) OC = OD (radii) LBDC = LBAC (Ls in the same segment)
12A.21 HKCEEM A2002 I 16 Hence, AH=SC=2GR (property of//gram) =180° -LABC-LACB (Lsum ofL:!.)
LODC =LOCD (base Ls, isos. ti.)
(a) (i) LAEB = 90 = 180° -{58 °+25 °)-58 ° = 39 °
°
(L in semi-c ircle) Method2 ={180 ° -38 °)+2=71 ° (LsumofL:!.)
LDAO = 180 ° - LLAEB- LABE (L sumof L:!.) BG=GS= radius Hence, LBDC=71 ° -52 ° = 19°
and BR = RC (..l_ from centre 10 chord bisects
Metfwd2
=90 -LABE
°
Merfwd2 LABO=LADE (base Ls. isos. D.)/(equal chord s, equal Ls)
LBFO= 180° -LFOB-LABE (L sum of L:!.) chord) =58 °
=90° -LABE => SC=2GR (mid-pt thm) LADC+LABC = 180 ° (opp. Ls, cyclic quad.)
LDAO=LBFO Hence, AH=SC=2GR (property of //gram) 58 ° +LBDC+(58° +25 ° ) = 180°
In !::.AOD and 6.FOB,
LBDC=39°
LDAO=LBFO (proved)
LAOD=LFOB=90 ° (gi ven) 12A.24 HKCEE MA 2007 - I - 17 Both methods
LADO=LFBO (Lsu mof L:!.) (a) (i) I is the incentre of !::.ABD (given) LBOD =2(38 °) = 76 ° (Lat centre twice L at 0") LBAC = LBDC= 39 ° (Ls in the same segment)
!::.AOD ~MOB (A AA) .·. LABG=LDBG and LBAE=LCAE LCOD = 38° (corr.Ls,AB//OC) In L:!.BCE, LBEC = LEBC (base Ls, isos, b.)
(ii) LAGB =90 ° (L in semi-circle) In !::.ABG and ti.DEG, => LBOC= 76° - 38 ° = 38 ° =(180 ° -LBCA)-;-2 (Lsum of.6.)
LGAO = 180 ° - LAGO- LAOG (L sum of L:!.)
°
LABG=LDBG (proved) LBDC = 38 ° -;- 2= 19° (L at centre twice Lat 0 c"l =61
=90° - LAGO=LEGO AB=DB (given) LABE = LBEC-LBAC = 22 ° (ext. Lof D.)
In !::.AOG and L:!.GOB, BG=BG (common) Method 3
LGAO=LBGO (proved) MBGe!.6.DBG (SAS) 12A.31 HKDSEMA2017-I-10
LAOG = LGOB = 90° (given) (ii) !::.ABD is isosceles and LABG = LDBG (a} In 8.0PS and .6.0RS,
LBGA = 90 ° (property of isos. ti.)
------------- ·J,
_:-�---,+,
LOGA=LOBG (Lsum of L:!.)
OP=OR (given)
!::.AOG....,.C,GOB (AAA) In MG/ and !::.ABE, OS=OS (common)
AO = FO LAG! =90 ° = LABE (Lin semi-circle) PS=RS (given)
(ill) From (i), (corr. sides,~ L:!.s)
OD OB LIAG=LEAB (proved) LCOD=38 ° (corr.Ls.AB//OC) D.OPS � b.ORS (SSS)
AO·OB=OD·OF LAIG=LAEB (Lsum of .6.) OA = OC (radii) (b) LROQ = LPOQ (corr, Ls,� L:!.s)
From (ii),
AO
=
GO
(corr. sides,~ L:!.s)
!::.AGI~!::.ABE (AAA) ⇒ LOAC = LOCA (base Ls, isos. ti.) = 2LPRQ =20 ° ° (Lat centre twice Lat 0'e)
OG 08 GI BE
=> -=- (corr. sides.~ .6.s) =LCOD+2=19° (ext.LofL:!.) 2(20 ) , ,
AO·OB=OG2 AG AB LBAC = 38 ° -19 ° = 19 ° Area of sector= x :rr(6)- =4:rr (cm·)
3600
OD·OF=OG2 => LBDC = LBAC = 19° (Ls in the same segment)

325
12A.32 HKDSEMA 2018 I 8 12B Tangents of circles 12B.7 HKCEEMA 1986(AIB)-I-2 (ii) (l)

<Ci,'jl"z-,-,
x=180° - e (opp. Ls., cyclic quad.) TA= TB (tangent properties)
=
LBED LBAD x = (Ls in the same segment)
12B.1 HKCEEMA 1980(1*)-I-8
=
LABT x" (base Ls, isos. .6.)
=LADE (alt.Ls,AB//ED) LTAB = LTBA = 65° (L in alt. segment) =(180° -30 °)'":"'2 (Lsumof6.) ⇒ x=75
y=I80 -LBED-LADE (LsumofD.)
° X"=LTAB+LTBA=l30° (ext.Lof.6) y0=LACB (alt.Ls,AC//TF)
= 180° -2(180° - 0) = 20-180 ° =
= LABT x" (L in alt. segment) ⇒ y = 75

12A.33 HKDSEMA2019-I 13 12B.2 HKCEEMA 1981(2)-I- 13

·,,P, •G
12B.8 HKCEEMA l986(A/B)-I-6
(a) LMQT =x (Lin alt. segment) (The centre of S lies on the intersection of the
(a) Method I
=
Reflex LDOA 2LDEA (Lat centre twice L at 0c'') =
LNQT y (Lin alt. segment) (a) D.CAT
(b) ~
.6.BCT !::.CAT
perpendicular bisector of DF and the line at F
=230 ° LMQN=x+y perpendicular to CF.)
:⇒ LDOC = 230 -180 =50
° ° ° (b) LPTR=I80°-LTPR-LPRT (Lsumof.6)
BT CT
= (corr. sides.~ .6.s) (2) Let P be a point on major DF and G be the centre
CT AT
LCBF = LDOC-;-2 = 25° (L at centretwice Lat0c') = 180° -x-y X 10-v'Z
ofS.
LMQN+LMTN= (x+y) +(180° -x-y) =180 ° LCFD=LFPD=30° (Linalt . segment)
Method2 J0./2 17+x
=
LABD = 180° -LAED 65° (opp. Ls, cyclic quad. )
Q. M. T and N are concyclic. (opp. Ls supp.)
QMTN is c yclic, (proved)
!7x+x2=200 ⇒ x=8or-25(rejected)
LFGD = 2 x 30° (L at centre t w ice L at 0c�)
=60°
LABC = 90° (Lin semi-circle) (c)
=
LCBF = 90° - 65° 25° =
LNMT = LNQT y (Ls in the same segment)
12B.9 HKCEEivIA1987(A/B)-I-6
Hence, .6FGD is equilateral.
⇒ Diameter=2GF 2DF =
(b) LOCB=LDOC=50° (alt. Ls,BC//0D) LNMT = LPRN = y (proved)
:⇒ LBOC=l80° -2LOCB=80 ° P,M, N and R are concyclic. (ext. L =int.opp. L) LODA= 90° (tangent .L radius)
(d) l:.MNT ~.6RPT, 6.MQT ~6QPT,.6NQT ~ l:.QRT LOAD= 60° -;- 2 = 30° (tangent properties) 12B.13 HKCEEMA1995-I-14
=
Perimeter of sector OBC 2 x 18+BC
A0=--=2
1
(cm)
(a) (i) =
LPQA LPRQ (Lin alt. segment)
80° sin30 ° =LPMA (corr.Ls,AC//QR)
=36+ 0 x21r(l8)
360
= 61.13 > 60 (cm) 12B.3 HKCEEMA1987(?)-I-14
=
(a) LABT LATR (Lin alt. segment)(large circle)
r=AE=2+1=3 M, P,A and Qare concyclic.
(converseof Ls in the same segment)
·. NO
= LPQT (Lin alt. segment)(small c ircle) (ii) LMQR=LAMQ (alt.Ls,AC//QR)
12B.10 HKCEEMA1987(A/B)- I-7 = LAPQ (Ls in the same segment)
AB//PQ (corr. Ls equal)
LABC = 90 ° (L in semi-circle) = LMRQ (Lin alt segment)
(b) Consider the small circle.
LQTS = LBSQ (Lin alt. segment) = =
LAPB LPAB x0 (base Ls, isos. D.) MR=MQ (sidesopp.equalLs)
=LSQP (alt.Ls,AB//PQ) = LCBP (L in alt. segment) (b) LQPR=LQAC=50° (Lsinthe samesegment)
= LSTP (Ls in the same segment) :. In /JABP, x" +x0 + (90° +x") = 180 ° (L sumof 6) LRMQ=LPAQ =70° (opp. Ls, cyclic quad.)
i.e. ST bisects LATB. x=30 LMQR=(180° -70°)'":"'2=55 ° (Lsumof.6.)
LMQP = LPAC=20° (Ls in the same segment)
(c) .6PTK, !:::ATS, .6.4.SP, .6SQK
:. LPQR=LMQR+LLMQP=75°
12B.11 HKCEEMA 1988-I-8(b) (c ) (i) Property ofisos. .6
(i) In MCT and l:.TCB, (ii) ..L bisectorof chord passes through centre
12B.4 HKCEEMA 1983(A/B)-I-2 LTCA=LBCT (common)
=
(a) LOAB = LOBA 60° (property of equil .6) LTAC=LBTC (L in alt. segment)
12B.14 HKCEEMA1997-I-16
AC=OA=AB (given) LCTA=LCBT (Lsumof D.)
LABC = LACB (baseLs, isos. .6.) !:::ACT ~D.TCB (AAA) (a) (i) LEAB=90° (tangent ..L radius)
=LOAB'":"'2=30° (ex t.Lof.6) AC = TC LFEA+LEAB=90°+90° = 180°
(b) LOBC=60°+30° =90° (ii) (corr. sides,~ 6s) AB//EF (int.Ls supp.)
CT CB
CB is tangent to the circle at B. AB+5 Z (ii) LFDE = LBDC (vert. opp. Ls)
(converse of tangent ..L radius) = => AB=..!.2_ = LDBC (base Ls., isos . .6.)
6 5 5
=LFED (alt.Ls,AB//EF)
FD=FE (sidesopp.equalLs)
12B.12 HKCEEMA1991-l-13
12B.5 HKCEEMA 1984(AIB)-I-5 (iii) If the circle touches A£ at E, its centre lies on EF.
(a) In .6ABC and 6ABD, If ED is a chord, the centre lies on the ..L bisector of
LCBD = 80 (Lin alt. segment)
°
AC=AD (radii) ED.
x=lS0-30-80=70 (adj.Lson st.line) BC=BD (radii) : . The intersection of these two lines, F, is the centre
y = x = 70 (L in alt.segment) AB=AB (common) of the circle described.
AB=AD (tangentproperties) MBC�.6.4.BD (SSS)
=
⇒ LBDA x0 (base Ls, isos. D.) (b) (i) LCAD = 2(55°) (L at c entre twice Lat 0c')
z=l80-x-x=40 (Lsumof.6.) =
110 °
12B.15 HKCEEMA2000 I 16
(a) In .60CP, LCPO 90 ° = (tangent ..L radius)
and LCAB=LDAB (corr.Ls,�.6s)
LCAB=110+2=55 ° LPC0=180°-30° -90° (LsumofD.)
=
° °
:. LPQ0=60 '":"'2=30 (Latcentre twice Lat0c')
12B.6 HKCEE MA 1985(AIB)- I - 2 LDBA LCBA (c orr. Ls,!':;! .6.s)
!'.APB= LABP (base Ls,isos . .6)
=
180° -LACB- LCAB (L sumof .6.) (b) (i) LSOC=LPOC=30° (tangentproperties)
LPQR= 180° -LPOS (opp. Ls, cyclic quad.)
= x0 (L in all. segment)
=30°
:⇒ LCBD = 30°+30° = 60 ° = 120°
:. In D.BCP, x0 +x0 + (x0 + 60°) =
180 ° (L sum of .6.) :⇒ LRQO =120° - 30 ° = 90 °
x=40 LEFD= ½LCBD (Lat centre twice L at0°') RQ is tangent to the circle at Q.
(converseof tangent ..L radius)
= ½(60 ) = 30
° °

32, 328
12B.16 HKCEE MA 2003 I - 17 12B.20 HKPSE MA 2016- I- 20 12B.21 HKDSEMA2019-l-J7
{a) (i) In l::.NPM and MKP, (a) Method J (a) Let I be the in-centre of .6CDE. Then the perpendiculars
L.PNM=LKNP (common) from I to CD, DE and EC are all r.
LNPM=LNKP {L. in alt. segment) r-CD r-DE r-EC
a-- -+-
2 -+- -
L.PMN=LKPN (i.su mo f !::,.) 2 2
MPM~MKP (AAA) r(CD+DE+EC) r(p) -=> pr
=2a

,&,
NP NK 2 2
= (corr. sides, ~ .6s)
=> NM NP E
Nf'2=NK·NM
(ii) RS//OP (given)
MRM ~ MON and MSM 6KPN
RM=KM n SM KM
~ Let LOP1=LQPJ = €1. (in-centre)
=
OJ=PJ QJ (radii)
=> a d = = =
In !::.POI, L.POJ LOPl e (base L.s, isos. !::.)
ON KN
RM SM
=
PN KN
=
In MQJ, L.PQJ LQPJ = e (base L.s, isos. !::.)
=> ON PN In &OJ and !:::.PQJ,
Similarto(a), Nd=NK-NM => NP=NO L0Pl=LQPJ=€1 (in-centre)
Hence, RM= MS. =
L.POJ = LPQJ €1 (pr oved)
PJ=PJ (common)
UB.17 HKCEEMA20Q4-I-16
MOJ::!b.PQJ (AA S)
(a) In f:.ADE and MOE, PO=PQ (corr. sides, 9! &)
L.ADE=LEBC (alt. Ls, OD//BC)
=LBOE (L in alt. segment)
LDAE=LOBE (ext. L., cyclic quad.)
AD=BO (give n) Method2
l:,.ADE;;;l::,.BOE (ASA)
(b) DE= OE (con: sides,� l::,.s)
=
LBOE LADE (proved)
Q' '

pi
= LAOE (base L.s., isos. !::,.)
=
i.e. L.AOB 2LBOE
:
=
LBEO L.AED (corr. Ls,� .6s)
= LAOB (ext. L, cyclic quad.)
= 2LBOE (proved)
Let L.OPJ=L.QP}=e. (in-centre)
(c) Suppose OE is a diameter of the circle OAEB.
(i) LOBE= 90 ° (Lin semi-circle)
=
OJ= PJ QJ (radii)
In b.POJ, LPOJ = LOPJ = e (base Ls, isos. l::,.)
=
In D.OBE, LBOE 180° -90° -(2LBOE)
-=> L.PJ0=180° -28 (L.sum of6)
(Lsum of 6)
=
3LBOE 90" -=> LBOE 30 ° = -=> LPQ0=(180° -2€1)-;-2=90° -€1
(Lat centre twice L. at 0c•)
12B.18 HKCEE AM 2002- 15 In b.PQJ, L.PQJ =LQPJ = e (base Ls, isos. b.)
(a) Cut the triangle into !::,.ODE, D.OEF and l::,.OFD. Then ==> LPJQ=l80° -20 (Lsumof6)
the radii are the heights of the triangles. (tangent .l radius) => i.POQ=(i80° -20)-:-2=90° -0
DE·r EF·r FD-r (Lat cen1.re twice L. at 0'')
A---+- 2 -+-
2 -2 E L.PQO = L.POQ = 90° - €1 (proved)
1 PO= PQ (sides opp. equal Ls)
=2.(DE+EF+FD)r
1
=2pr Me<lwd / �,' ,',,
:,tS'\/
UB.19 HKDSEMASP-1-19 <:
(a) (i) In UBE and 6.ADE,
AB=AD
! \J ...... .. .. :
(given)
} ______/______-h- "---..":::--....
AE=DE (common) ../�
LBAE=LBCP (L. in alt. segment)
=LEBC (alt. Ls, BD/ /PQ) Let PJ ext�nded meet the circle OPQ at R. Then PR is a
=LDAE (Ls in the same segment) diameter of the circle.
£:,.ABE =:f6ADE (SAS) L.POR = LPQR = 90° (Lin semi-circle)
(ii) AB=AD (given) = =
Let LOPR L.QPR €1. (in-centre)
and AE is an L bisector of £:,.ADE (proved) Inb.OPR. PO=PRcose
AE is an altitude, a median and .l bisector of In!:::.QPR, PQ=PRcos€1
l:!.ADE. (property of isos. l::,.) PO=PQ
i.e. The in-centre, orthocentre. centroid and circum­
centre of 6ABD all lie onAE, and are thus collinear.

329 330
 13 Basic Trigonometry 13A.18 HKCEE MA 1995 I 6 13B Trigonometric ratios in rightwangled
2sin2 e +5sin0-3 = O triangles
13A Trigonometric functions 13A.9 (HKCEEMA 1988-1-2) (2sin0- l)(sin0 +3) = 0
13B.1 HKCEEMA 1980(1/1*/3)-I-5
13A.I HKCEEMA 198O(1/1*/3)-l-4
sin(l80° -0) sine =
tan&
· e = 1 or-, (reJected)
sm ·
(a) z Let £mm be the length ofrod. Then
-½
sin(90°+0) cose
(b) sin (I80 -¢)+sin ( 270 +efl) = sin2 efl+ (-cos¢)2 = I
e = 30° o r 180°-30° = 150° y3 l-50
sine =cosl2D° =
2 ° 2 °
==> e = 210° or330° =cos300 =--
,
2
13A.19 HKCEEMA20!0-I 4 v'3l=2(l-50)
13A.2 HKCEEMA1981(11213)-I-4 13A.10 HKCEEMA 1989-1-7
100 = (2-,/3)£ ⇒ l = 373 (3 s.f.)
s es 1so s 200 + e :s 3so 180°

1*
0° 0
==> 200 ° ° 0 3sin0 (a) 2ndtenn=tan =tan45°=1
=2cos0 (Z)+z Hence, the rod is 373 mm Jong.
cos0
cos(2OO°+0)=sin12O ° = 200 ° +0=330° 3sin e =2cos2 e = 2(1-sin2 0) (b) (Note that if the product oftwo d ifferent numb ers is 1, one
8=130 ° 2sin1 e+3sin 0-2 = O ofthem is > I and the other< I. Besides, the sequence is
(2sin0-l)(sin0+2) =0 d ecreasing when n increases. Hence, the larger term must 13B.2 HKCEEMAI993-I-I(b)
13A.3 HKCEEMAI982(1!2/3)-I-5 . d) come before the 2nd term.) h = 100cos40Q=76.6 (3 s.f.)
· 0 =2
sUJ l or--" ( re1ecte 180°
2sin2 e+5sine -3 = O tan = tan60 ° = \/3
(2sin0- l)(sin0 +3) = 0 e =30" or 180 - 30° = 150°
° (!)+2
tan300 = tan
180" 180" 13B.3 HKCEEMA 1994 I 5
=
sin0=½or-3(rej.) =;> 0=3O ° or150"
I3A.Il HKCEEMA 1990-I-3
v'3 =
=:} _!__ 6 (5)+1 (a) BE=,/ll+z1=V5 (=2.24)
I
13A.4 HKCEE MA l983(A/B)-I-7 1-cos2 e -3
:. Required tenns are the !st one, ,/3, and 5th one, �.
(b) tanx0 = e::> x=26.565l=26.6( 3s.f.)
= :2
� 2 tanL'.EBC=2 :c>- LEBC=63.4349
2cosl &+5sin8+1 =O
2(1-sin2 0) +5sin e +I= O 2-2cos 2 e -3cose = =;> y= 63.4349-x= 36.9 (3 s.f.)
2sin2 8-5sin 0-3 = 0
2cos2
e-3cos e- 2 = O
(2cos0 + !)(cos e- 2) = O
(2sine+ l) (sin0-3) = 0 13BA HKCEEMAI995-l-l(e)
cos e = T or 2 {rejected)
-l
-I
sin0=
2
or 3(rej.) '9 0=2JO° or33O°
e = 120° or 360-120° = 240°
I 2
3=cosA=AC * AC=6
13A.5 HKCEEMA I984(AJB)-I-7
sine 1 +cos& 13A.12 HKCEEMA 1991 -I- 5
= 13B.5 HKCEEMA 1997-I 6
cose sine
sin2 0-3cos0-l =0 (a) LLA.8=20°+(180° -140")=60"
sin2 0 =cos8+cos2 e
0 = cos& +cos2 0-(1-cos2 0) (l -cos2 0)-3cos0- i 0 = L.ALB = 110° -20° = 90°
cos2 0+3cos0 =0 :. Distance= LB= 20sin60° = I0\1'3 = 17.3 (km, 3 s.t)
2cos2 e+cos0-1=O
(b) (2cos0-l)(cos0+1)=O
cose(cos e +3) O = (b) LABL=180°-90 °-60"=30"
cos&= 0 or-3 (rejected) Bearing = 180°+140°-30° = 290 °
I
cos• = or-l(reJ.) =;- 0=60 °
2 =
e 90° or 270°
13A.6 HKCEEMA I985(A/B)-I-6 13B.6 HKCEEMA 1998-I-3
13A.13 HKCEEMA1992-I-l(b)
2tan2 e = 1-tane I tanx 0 =5 ⇒ x,,,,54.5
7
.
2tan e+tan e-J=O
2
smx= 2 ⇒ x=lS0�-30°=150 °
(2 tan0-l)(tan0+l) =0 ::a;,- Y= 180-90-545=355
I
tanB=z or-1 13A.14 HKCEEMA1992-I-l(c)
e = 27°, 180° +27 ° or 135° , 180°°+135 °° l-sin2 A cos2A 13B.7 HKCEEMA 2000-I 4
= 27°, 207° (nearest deg), 135 or 315 --- - -- = cosA
cosA cosA a= ✓ror.:'7!=-Jsi=7.I4
13A.7 HKCEEMA1986(AIB)-I-4 cosx0
7
=w ⇒ x= 45 6
13A.15 HKCEEMA 1993-1-3
s in 2 0+ 7sin0 = 5cos2 0 = 5(1- sin2 0)
6sin 0+7sin0-5 = O
2 sin0+cos 0 3
sin0 -cose =z 13B.8 HKCEEMA 2008- I 4
(2sin0-1)(3sin0+5) = 0
· e= 21 or -5
sm T(. reJected)
2sin0 +2cos0 =3sin0-3cos0
-sin 0=5cos0 sinLRQP= -& ⇒ LRQP=40.01 °
e = 30" or 180° -30° =150° tane = -5 :. Bearing=S40.0°W or (180°+40.0°)=220°
e = 78.7° or 180° + 78.7° =259" (3 s.f.)
13A.8 HKCEEMA 1987(AIB)-l-4
2sin2 0=3cose 13A.16 HKCEEMA 1994-I-2(b)
2(I-cos20) =3cose sinx" =sin36 ° -=;> x=180-36 = 144
2cos2 0+3cos0-2 = 0
(2cos0-l)(cos0+2) =0
13A.17 HKCEEMA 1994-I-Z(c)
cose = ½ or -2 (rejected)
e=60" or 360 °
- 60 = 300
° °
cosy0 =-cos36 ° =cos(I80 ° +36° ) * y=216
 14 Applications of Trigonometry 14B ThreeMdimensional applications (1) In6CXB, ex= BCsin45° = 36.60254
= 36.6 (m, 1 d.p.)
14B.l HKCEEMA 1980(1/1*/3)-I-9 (2) Required L = LDXC
14A TwoMdimensional applications 14A.5 HKCEEMA 1997 I-5 CD
= tan-1 ex= 33° (nrst deg)
14A.1 HKCEE MA 1981(2/3)- I-11
(a) AC=�=5
(b) AD=v'5l+isl-2·5-6cos60° =v'31 (=5.57,3.s.f)
(a) (i)
"""
In .6.PAC, x = _h_
h 14B.6 HKCEE MA 1986(A/B) I IO
(a) Distance at noon= v'241 +91 _2•24•9cos60° l . 150 (ti) In.6.PBC, y = t n/3
=21 (km) (c) Area=z(5)(6)sm60° = - - (=13.0, 3 s.f.) a QS 500
2 (b) In 61.BC, (a) In bQRS, n °
(b) At4 p.m., si 35 sin(l80° -50° -35°)
Distance travelled by P = 4.5 x 4 = 18 (km) i1-+40a2=:l ⇒ QS = 287.88370 (m)
:=:,- PX=24-18=6 (km)
Distance travelled by Q = 6 x 4 = 42 (km)
14A.6 HKCEE MA 7000-I- 13
(a) LA = LABC= LBCD (given)
(_h _)'+ 160000 � (-h
tan 60°
-)'
tan 30 °
:. In L::.PQS,
Required distance = PS= QStan 15°
h'
⇒ QX=24-9= l5 (km) [QhasgonepastX.J = (5-2)180° +5 (L sum of polygon) 3 +160000 = 3h2 =77.13821 = 77.I (m. 3 s.f.)
:. Distance at 4 p.m. = -.,162+ 152_z-6-15 cos60° = 108° RS 500
h2 = 60000 ⇒ h =245 (3 s.f.) (b) In 6QRS, s = ⇒ RS=384.48530 (m)
=-Jill= 13.1 (km, 3 s.f.) LGCD = 90° (property of square) in500 sin950
2 2 => LBCG = 108° -90° = 18° :. In.6.PRS, Requ ired L=LPRS = = ran- 1 E
(c) 0=cos- 1 (-Jffi) +C52-lS =96. 59° BC=CD=CG (given)
14B.2 HKCEEMA 1982(1/2/3)-I-8
2(,/m)(6)
D Q LGBC = LBGC (base Ls, isos. .6.) (a) 8x+4y+9=69 ⇒ y=l5-2x = 11° (nrst deg)
Bearing = 360°-96.59° AC2 =92 -y2 ⇒ 2x2=81-y2
In6BCG, LGBC=(l80°-LBCG)+2 (Lsum of6)
=263° 2x2=81-(15-2x)2 14B.7 HKCEEMA 1987(A/B)-1 11
= 81 °
o, N97°W (ne=st deg)
LABP= 108 ° -81 ° = 27° i1--IOx+24=0 => x=4or6 (a) In MDE. AE = ,j3.!+zl -2,3-2cos 80°
0 : LAPB=I80 -LA-LABP=45° (Lsumof.6.)
° :. Whenx=4, y=l5-2(4)=7 = 3.30397 = 3.304 (cm, 3 d.p.)

i i
_ sinLABP _ sin27° _ Whenx=6, y=15-2(6)=3
� (b) AP AB - 7
AB -O.G42AB -1AE2+32 _22
14A.2 HKCEEMA 1982(3)-I-2 - sinLAPB sin45° (b) LABC=cos-1 =cos-1 = 39° (nrst deg) {bl In D.ADE, LDAE = cos
Z·AE-3
PE = AB-AP = (l -0.642)AB =0.358AB < AP = 36.59365° =36.594 ° (3 d.p.)
42+52_ 72 i.e. AP is longer.
LA= cos -1 _ _ 102° (nearest deg) 14B.3 HKCEEMA 1983(A/B)-I-13 (c) In 6.ADG, DC 3 sinLDAE
=
2 4 5
= 1.7884077= 1.788 (cm,3d.p.)
{a) In 61.CH, AC=�= 50 (m)
14A.7 HKCEE MA 2001 I 9 tan45° (d) In 61.BD, BD= _,!3l+3i
14A.3 HKCEE MA 1985(A/B)-1-l3 AB 8 50 = 08=4.243 (cm,3 d.p.)
In 6BCH, BC= tan3(P = 50v'3 (m)
(a) DE2=BfY+BE2 -2-BD,BEcosLB sin50° sin(J80 ° -50 ° -70°) (,) D
= (2-x) 2 +x2-;i(2-x)(.x).cGS-60"" ⇒ A B=7.0764=7.08 (cm,3s.f.) In D.ABC, AB= J(50) 2 + (50v'3)2 = 100 (m)
=3x2-6x+4 Are a= ½(8)(7.0764 sin70° = 26.6 (cm2, 3 s.f.) AC-BC CP-AB
) {b) (i) �=� (=Areaof6ABC)
(b) Area of 6DEF=½DE·D£sin6Q0 E
50) )
⇒ CP ( i��v'3 =25v'3 =43.3 (m, 3 s.f.)
= 2I(3.r-6.x+4
�i
, ).2
v3
(ii) Required L = LHPC =tan- 1 =49° (nrst deg)
v3 (3r-6x+4)
=4 ,

=
3
1 (x2-2x+i) I
3V,(,
=4 x--2x+l+
3
)
14B.4 HKCEEMA 1984(A/B)- l- 13
(a) (i) In D.ACH,
HA= 20tan 15 ° = 5.25898 =5.36 (m, 2 d.p.)
(ii) In6ABH,
(Bottom)
Required L = LDBG=si n-1 �z F
= 24.931° (3 d.p.)

HA 14B.S HKCEE MA 1988- I 13

3-/3
=4(x-l) 2+ 4 0 AB = tan 0 = 9.28203 =9.28 (m, 2 d.p.)
30 (a) In6ABH, HB= 3
. . Minimum area is attained when x = 1. (b) Given: LABC = 90° (Lin semi-circle) tanB
3v (i) BC= v'AC2-AB2 = 17.71564= 17.72 (m,2d.p.) 2
(c) '3(x-1)2+ v'3 < v'3 I In L::.DCK, KC=
4 4 - 3 (ti) Area= AB ·BC= 82.22 m2 (2 d.p.) tanB
(x-1)2 :5 �
2 (2 3 )
(b) (i) S1 = + )(G = 15 (m2)
9 2
-1 1 2 4 14B.5 HKCEEMA1985(A/B)-1-8 5
3:5x-l:53 => 3:5.x:53 (
BC 100 AC (ti) S2 d-a+;,;h)( )
(a) In .6.ABC, 2
sin30° sin(l80° -30° -45°) sin45°
⇒ BC= 51.76381 = 51.8 (m, I d.p.) �=�=tan0
S2 ��
14A.4 HKCEE MA 1989 I 6 AC= 73.20508= 73.2 (m, I d.p.)
(c)
(a) LABD = LACD = 60° (Ls in the same segment) (b) (i) In6BCD, CD = BCtan25° =24.13789
LBAD = 180° -(60°+40°) (opp. Ls, cyclic quad.) = 24.l (m, l d.p.)
=80° (ii) D
BD AD
b
( ) sin LBAD sinLABD Let P be the foot of perpendicular from K to BH.
10sin80° 3 2
BD= =ll.37(cm,2 d.p.) PK= 6 m, PH = = (m)
sinG0 0 B tan30° - tan300 v'3
HK= ,/PJ(i+pff.!= ffi (m)

333
14B.9 HKCEEMA 1989-I 10 Denote the intersection of the diagonals of the square 14B.13 HKCEEMA 1994-1-14 Asthe height of M'B'C' withA 1B' as base is also OD.
(a) In l':.ABB', AB'= 10cos45° = 5,/2 (m) (7.07 m, 3 s.f.) ABCD by P. Since BD .l AC at P. the required angle is OQ 500 OP A'B'·OD
(a) Inl::,,OPQ, sin °= Arca of shado w=-- - = 0.352 m2 (3 s.f.)
In MCC', AC'= l0cos30° =5v'3 (m) ( 8.66 m, 3 s.f.) L.APC (in Figure (2)). 50 sin 70" sin(180°-50°-70°) 2
B =;, OQ= 407.60373=408 (m, 3 s.f.) (d) (i) Lettheangleofelevationbee.
(b) Inl':.ABC, BC=J102 +102=./2l:io(m) (14.lm,3.s.f.)
In .6ABB'. BB'= 10sin45°= 5/2 (m ) (7.07 m, 3 s.f.) OP =460.80249=461 (m, 3 s.f.) A'B'=�
(b) In !::,,OPT, h = 0Ptan30° = 266.04444=266 (m, 3 s.f.) unB
In MCC', CC'= 10sin30°=5(m)
( o) rr ,' (e) In !::,,OQT. Required L = LOQT 0<30° =:, tan0<tan30 ° =:, �>�°
tan 13 tart 30
Thus, A'B' will become longer.
y =ran-1 ...!:..... = 33 (nrst deg)
°
OQ . A'B'·OD
(., , 1 Since the area of the shadow is ---, when the

:�
(d) (i) T 2
angle of elevation is smaller, A 1 B' is longer while OD
is unchanged, the area of the shadow is larger.
B'�------- __ :-------- :c
A
----! c'
Let P be the foot of perpendicular from C to BB'.
BP= BB' -Cc'=5( ,/2-1) m AP=PC=�BD= ,/Ts
,N 400m
l4B.15 HKCEE MA 1996 I- 15
2 2 e (a) In!:::.OBC, BC=1000cos 60° =500(m)
B'C'=PC InMCC', CC'=500sin30°=250(m)
=� _ (v.Y8)2 +(v.Y8)2 -3.585692
In /jJJ,J'C, LA.PC=cos 1 '--'-C'-_'._'-_J-,.!..._..,,;:::.;;::::_
✓
= 200- 25(,/2-1)2 2(4l)(4i) p
(b) 00'=CC'= 250 m
:. In !::,,OO'B, Required L = LOBO'
= ,/125 +50✓2' (m) (14 .0 m, 3 s.f.) = 115" (3 s.f.) In 60RT, OR=
I,
730.9511 (m) . 250
14B.12 HKCEE MA 19 93 I 12 tan200 = = Sill-!
(d) I n 6AB'C'. In!::,,OQR. 1000

□
- - AB ,i + AC'2 -B'C' 2 h o(f+Q R2 -0R2 = 14.4775° = 14.5° (3 s.f.)
LB'AC' - cos I (a) (i) In MPQ. AQ = ta 0 = h (m) LOQR=cos-1
? ·AB' ·AC' 2 n45 2·OQ·QR (c) Method 1 to find 0 1A
v 2+ - 125 ./2) I, h
= cos-I (5 i) (5/3) ( ) +50 In .6.BPQ , BQ =
tan600 = v3
( )
' m = cos
-! 407.603732 +4002 - 730.9511 2 Denote the foot of perpendicular from D o t the horizon tal
2(5./2)(5v'3 2•407 .60373,400 ground by D1•
(ii) In .6ABQ.
= 125.2644 = 125 (3 s.f.)
° °
= 129 .6674°= 130° (nearest degree) In !::,,OO'B.
e= 129.6674 - 70 "" 60° (nearest degree)
Ground

G-
Hence, Area= ½(AB')(AC')sinLB'AC' = 25 (m2 ) 1002=h"° +(�Y-2(h)(�)cos80 ° ° ° O'B = ,.;"1'" " °1
00-0-1 - �250 D' O' C'
= 2c oo ti1 (ii) Ground = ,j937500(m)
10000 o;; ) InMCC', 500r
14B.10 HKCEE MA I 990 I 10 BC'= 500cos30
° '
Ii= 93.954854 = 94.0 (3 s.f.) A 2000m B
{a) LTAO=30° , LTBO=60 ° =250/3 (m)
AQ1 +1002 -BQ 1
h LQAH=cos-1
In6TOA. 0A= n 0=vM 3h(m) 2·AQ, JOO :. In60'BC', O'C'=VO 181 -scr1_y75oooo(m )
ta 30 = 32.29019° = 32.3° {3 s.f.)
h h Inl:::.A.O'D1, AD'=BC'=250/3(m)
In6TOB. OB= =
tan600 v'3 )
(m
{b) Jn 6PQR. QR= _h_° =78.83748 (m) s D'O' =AB-O'C' = (2000-J750000) m
tan50 AO'= v'AD'-+D'O'�
(b) In !::,,OAB, {From A lo B, the angle of 60QR £:a: l'::.OQS (SSS)
AB=Jr.0�0 °''+'0B
� �''-2' �·'0"0'·'0�B'o-so '(2"00� '+-4�0�0) = ,j4937500 -4000✓750000 m
✓
elevation increases from 45° LOQS= LOQR= 130°
= .:fh2 -h2 = ffsh(m) until it reaches the maximum. ⇒ Beaming= 360� -70° -130° = 160° (S2D°E) Method 2 to find O'A
Supposing the max is reached In 60018, O'B = v'IOQOZ -2502= v'937500 (m)
.·. h = 50o+ /;, = 327.3268 = 327 (m. 3 s.f.J at point M, R must lie be­ In !::,,OBC, OC= 1000sin60° = 500/3 (m)

0_)
tween A and R as the angle =:, O'C'=OC=500/3m
(c) LOAB
OA 2 +5002 -O31
= cos-1
1·OA· 500
of elevation between M and B
must be larger than 60° . Since 14B.14 HKCEE MA 1995 I 15 cosLO'BA=sinLO'BC'= 'C' = �
O
O'B v937500
(= Y5
= 19.1066° = 19° (nearestdeg) LAMQ = 90° . L.ARQ must be In60'AB,
(i) N(20° + J9° )E = N39°E (a) In.6.0AA'. OA'= a n� 0 ""2v'3(m) (3.46m,3 s.f.)
obmsc .) t 0 O 'A = yr-2�0 00 1,�,�,--�2�.�
+�,�,�
�"'' 2�, oo 0-
�'.-✓",�,,�,�0"00 L�
-,- CC
O�'BA
(ii) S39"W 240 6
In 6OBB', OB'= � ;0 = 2.6/3
3 = 4937500-4ooov'93750Qti
Method 1 ⇒ A 1B'=2.6/3-2v'3=0.6v'3(m) (l.04m.3s.f.)
14B.11 HKCEEMA1992-I-15 In6AQR. AQ 1 +AR2 -2,AQ·ARcosLQAB= QR 1 O.G2 +0.72 - 0.S 2 J
= 4937500 - 4000;/750000
(a) In 6ABD, BD=y3.! + 3- = Jfs(m) AR 2 -158.8501AR+2612.l658 = 0 (b) In l:.ABC, LBAC = cos-1 Hence... In 6AO'T.
2·0.6·0.7
In l::,,BDE, ED= ;/BD- -BE°2· = ,/I4 (m) AR= 140.22(rcj.) or !8.6 (m, 3 s.f.) = 75.52 2 49°= 75.5° (3 s.f.) AT= jAorl + O'Ti
In .6ABE, AE= v'AB--B£l = v'5 (m)
2
Merhod2
sinLARQ sinLQAR
OD :aACsinL B AC= 0.67777 = 0.678 (m, 3 s.f.) ✓
= 4937500-4000v'750000 + (250+ 50)2
(bl In6A.DE, LADE=cos-1 3 +l4 -5 Int..AQR. = (o) Ground = 1250.3593 = 1250 (m, 3 s.f.)
2.°3 . ,J'i4 ° AQ � IOOO + =
= 36.69923 =3 6.7 {3 s.f.) sinL.ARQ
hsin32.29019 ° Wcsl
(d) TimeforRtI=
0.3
60 3393(s)
(c) Required L = LBDE=sm-1 :� rru[�u· 0/A/B D II 2000 + 1250·3593 2 1 s
North Time for Rt = = 89 ( ) < 3393 ( s)
L.ARQ= 39 .54201 ° (rej.) or 140.45799° 0.8 3.2
= 28.12551 = 2s.1 (3 s.f.J
° °
,⇒ L.AQR = 180° -32.29019° -140.45799° : . Route II takes a shorter time.
(d) In 6ADC. LADC - 2L4DE - 73.39845° = 7.25182° A'
AC= v'32 +32 _2·3·3cos73.39845° QRsinLAQR C'
AR =18.6(m. 3s.f.) B'
=3.58569 (m) sinLQAR

335 336
14B.16 HKCEE:MA.1998-1-17 Method3 14B.19 HKCEEMA200J-l-l6 (b) (i) The shortest distance occurs when TE .J.. AB and thus
o
In 6ABD, sin �AD = si:�o => LBAD = 13.897890 (a) AreaofBCDE=MFG-2.6.BCF-.6.ABE SE .LAB.
(The sun shining from N50°W is indicated in the diagram by
'3 (6+x)2 si n60 ° � . (6?sin60° s
LCFD=4-0°.) => LBAC (after foldiog) = 2LBAD = 27.79577° 5 v�= x-sm600 --- --
'\
2 2
Gro�d North :. In ,6.ABC (after folding),
BC= y24t+24L-2 .24•24cos27.79577° = -J3[(6+x)2-z.i:2-62] ,.·.\
=11.52923 = 11. 5 (cm, 3 s.f.) 20= 1ix-x2
DE 0=.2-121:-+20
(b) Required L = LDAE = tan- 1
AE x = 10 (rejected) or 2
6 A B
B =tan-1---­ (b) (i) In 6.A'DE. A'D = .,/� 6-'' +�
2-'' -�,�.,�.�,--,�,=o•
co
(E)
,/242 -122 °
= 16.1021F = 16.1 (3 s.f.) = 4.64919 = 4.65 (3 s.f.) Method I
Note; Normally we need to look f or the line of intersection
(ii) Let P and Q be the mid-points of BE and CD re­ In !::.A.ET. ET =ATsin30" = 211.3659 (m)
spectively as shown. By symmetry, A'P J.. BE and InL'.'\.EST, SE=VSTi+ETi=261.436
of the 2 planes to locate the dihedral angle. In this problem,
however, the planes intersect at only a point, and we could
QP .l BE. Hence. the required angle is LA' PQ. = 261 (m, 3 s.f.)
A' - Merhod2
only assume that the aeroplane is positioned symmetrically,
(a) In 6.ACF, AF= 4sin72 = 3.80423 = 3.80 (m, 3 s.f.)
and that AE is perpendicular to the tine of intersection. :V'.'C
' \ �
B
In 6.AST. SA= _h_° =449.86172 m

:' \<->
°
' \·,·,
',
sin20
AF
In t::.ADF, FD= ta
n350
=5.43300=5.43 (m, 3 s.f.)
>. In b.BST, SB= -.-h- = 594.47623 m
(b) B c __�-Easl '�;·--·<:.. sm 15°
-
In 6.ABS' LSAB - cos - l SA +AB sa
2 1 2

2SA,AB
D = 35.5313°
:. In .6.SAE, SE= SAsinLSAB = 261 m (3.s.t)
(c) BCNM is a rectangle. Suppose AD produced meets BC at
X andAE produced meets MN at Y as shown. Method 3
Then BM=XY=CN. In6AST. SA=-h- =449.86172m
Height of b.DBC with BC as base=FDsin40 ° A E sin20°
= 3.49226 m Let R be the foot of perpendicular from DE to BE.
BC·(F sin40° ) 1 In .6.BST, SB= -.-h- = 594.47623 m
Areaofshadow � 0.5(m2,3s. f.) Then PQ = RD =xsin60° = ,/3 (cm). sm 15°
In .6.ABS, lets SA+SB+900
BC.FDsin(90o -x") BC-FD In 6.A'EP. A'P=A'Esin60 ° =3-J3(cm) 972.1690 m.
(c) Area of shadow cosx" Int:,.A'DQ, DQ=CD+2=2cm 2
=> A'Q"" JA1D2 -DQ2 =4.19701 cm ,a;.- Area=-Js(s-SA)(s-SB)(s-900)
Since FD only depends on le L of elevation frecall that = 117646.36 (m1 )
AF PQ +A'F2-A'Q2
2
FD ) :. In.6.A'PQ. LA'PQ=cos_1 2·PQ·A'P
Arcax2
SE= -X.S- =261 m(3 s.f.)
✓AB -(B2Cr =23.2974cm !�
tan(Lofelvn)'
50<x<90 => cos50° >cosx0 >cos90° = cos-! 3+27-4.197012
Hence the ru:ea becomes smaller.
In6AB X, AX= 2
(ii) AtEasin(b)(i), LSET=tan- 1 =36.1°.
2 .-J3.3-J3
:. InDAXY. = 46.52332" = 46.5° (3 s.f.) ·. From A to B, 0 increases from 20° at A to 36.F at
CN =XY =AXsinLDAE = 6.46 cm (3 s.f.) E as in (b)(i), and then decreases to 15° at B (sin ce SE
is the 'line of greates t slope').
14B.18 HKCEEMA 2000 I 17
1
14B.17 HKCEEMA1999-I-l8 (a) (i)AD= --' - = 2h (m) 14B.21 H KCEEMA2003 I 14
sin30°
h+OA IO+h 1 32+62_42
BD=DE =EF=FC= 6cm BD= = -J3(1 0+h) (m) (a) InL'.'i.OAC, LOAC=cos- 1
sin60o = .l;2.
(a) Method 1 to find AD ' 2 . 3 .6
= 36.33606° = 36.3° (3 s.f.)
In 6.ABD, AD= -J24i +62 -2•24•6cos60° (ii) InL'.'\.OAB. AB=v'W+W""'v2iio(m)
= ✓468 = 21.6 {cm, 3 s.f.) In t::.ABD. (bl (i) Inb.OBC. BC=4tan40° =3.35640(m)
AB2 =AD2 +BD2-2AD,BDcos30°
BC
Method2 to find AD In 6BCD. CD= tan 0 =5.81345 =5.81 (m. 3 s.f.)
Height of pyramid =A1 PcosLA'PQ = 3.77061 cm 30
Int::.ABE (before folding),AE= -J24l _ 12--l= v14TI(cm) 200=4h2 +:"."_(10+h)2-2•2h· �(lO+h) -J3 I 6 +8 -cr?
2 2
In t::.ADE, AD=v'432+62 = -./468 = 21.6 (cm, 3 s.f.) 3 v3 2 Area= x v 5 '3x 3.77061 = 10.9 (cm3 ) (ii) InMCD• LCAD = cos-1
3 2·6·8
Method 200 = 411 2 + �(100+20h+h2 )-40h-4h2
---1
=: 46.39976° = 46.4 ° (3 s.f.)
BD2+AD2 -AB2 6 3.55512
LBDA=cos- 1 106.10211 ° 0=112-lOh-50 (iii) In 6.ACE. __!3£_ = _ _ => CE=
2 ,BD-AD h=lO±� sinLOAC sin0 sin8
.·. In 6BCD (after folding), DE 8
2 In6ADE,
LBDC=360 ° -2 106.10211° = 147.79577° = 5+5-J3 or 5-5,/3 (rejected)
14B.20 HKCEEMA2002-I-14 sin(LCAD-LOAC) sin(180°-0)
BC= -+6�-2·6·6cosl47.79577° 1. 9794
= 13.66025 = 13.7 (3 s.f.) (a) In 6.AST, AT= _h_ ; In b.BST, BT = _h_ . => DE = 3
= ll.52923= 11.5 (cm, 3 s.f.) (b) (Similar approach as (a))
tan20° tan 15° sin0
J n6 ABT, cos30° = AT2 +AB2-BT2 CE+ED=CD
Method2 => 3.55512 l.39794
AE = _h_ = 32.32291 (m) 2AT•BT + = 5·81345
Area of 6.ABD = ½(6)(24)sin60° = 36-v'3 sin25�
AC= VJ02 + JOZ-2· IQ. l0cos20° = 3.47296.(m)
900/3h = (-h-) 0D2-(-h-)'
2
+9
sin8 sin0
4.9 5306
.hto=
He1g
. 36,/3x2
f""D w1 th baseAD=------(cm)
72 sinLACE sin5° tan20° tan20° tan 15° . = 5.81345
= 0 = 6.37957'1 +4282.8934/i- 810000
2 sm0
AD y'l56 AE AC 8= 8 5 .4° or 121.6 ° (rejected)
72 LACE= 54.2 ° or 126 ° (3 s.f.) h = 153.86177 or -825 (rej)
:. BC=2x ✓ =11.52923=11.5(cm,3s.f.)
Is6 = 154 (3 s.f.)

337
148.22 HKCEE MA 2004 I 17 305 50 5 148.26 HKCEE MA 2008 - T- 15 Method 2- Considering the projection of£
{b) {i) (I) DC=90- = (cm)
(a) (i) InD.EFF', FF'=20sin30° =IO(m) 9 9 (a) In6BDH, LBHD=50° -35"= 1 5° (If the student is correct, the projection of Eon the ground
EF1 = ...2£_° = JOv'J (m)
tan30
In!:;,ACD,
505 ' ('o')' , '05
(g) = g +AC--2 ( 9) (AC)cos62
°
• LBDH= 180"-50° = 130"
__!!!!.__= � * BH= 147.98842= !48(m, 3 s.f.)
wou ld lie on CD.)
Let F be the projection of E onto CD.
sin 130° sm 15° 2 x Area of D.CDE
InMFF1 , AF' ��oo = 'Jj(m)
t o = AC2 - 3!.81974AC- 2000 BC2 +BH2 -CH2 EF
AC= 63.37695 or -31.6 (rejected) (b) (i) InD.BCH. LCBH=cos-l CD
InMEF'. AE=VAF'Z+ePi 2BC-BH CExDE
= 63.4 (cm, 3 s.f.) =37.81747 ° = 37.8" (3 s.f.) =co "'
= � = 18.3 (m, 3 s.f.) 40+60+63.37695
(2) Lets 8l.6885(cm) °
(ii) In D.ABH. AH =BHsin35 = 84.88267 m 7 X V�22'.'307"1'4''-�7i

(ii) InMFF', AF
= .FF'
°sm60
=
20
,/3
m Arr;!U ofb.ABC =
2 7
,
vr
(,--�40=) (-,-��7,-- �,�,_���=5)
60
)( 37 5 9
Let P be on BC such that HP .l BC. Then AP .l BC.
H
22_30714
6.65 f 6.60 (cm)
Hence, the projection of E onto the ground is not on CD,
= ll62.96l = ll60 (cm2, 3 s.f.) ,, ' and thus the angle between DE and the ground is not the
AE ..,_ EF2 -AF2 (3) For tetrahedronABCD, note that BD is its height ,', •'
Inb.AEF, L.AEF'=cos-1
2
angle between DE and DC, i.e. LCDE. The student is
� ·
when 6ACD is its base. _,,-;,, \ ',,,,
,,,, ,,, . ',,
E EF disagreed.
ill!.Q+400-:1QQ AD-ACsin620 -
=cos-1 3 3 AreaofD.ACD - 948186. cm2
2
2-y'1¥-20 3 x Volume of ABCD
= 34.75634° = 34.8° (3 s.f.) Required height B/n'::\'C
Area of 6ABC p
(b) In 6BEF, L.BEF = 180° -34.75634° = 145.24366° Area of DACD x BD InD.BHP, HP=BHsinLCBH=90.73880m
L.FBE = 34.75634° -20° = 14.75634 ° Area of MB�C�� AH
20 BE BF
948.186 X J40
;c-=
2 -(W:)-2 In MHP, Required L = L.HPA = si n-I
°
HP
sin 14.75634° sin20° sin 145.24366° = 69,3 (3 S.f.)
=? BE=26.85576m, BF=44.76385 m l162.961
= 17.3 (cm. 3 s.f.) (iii) As the largest possible L of elevation is 69.3° < 75",
Time red car takes= BE 72 = 13.4 s it is impossible. (Remark: This diagram is for illustration only. In the real
1
Time yellow car takes= BF+3 =14.9 s > 13.4 s (ii) Volume of ABCD= (Arca of 6ACD)(BD) situation, the "h" is behind D.CDE. and would be too hard
:. NO. 3 to visualise in the given diagram. But the key point is the
= 1 AD-DC-BDsmLA1JC same, that the dashed "h" is different from EF - in fact, h
3 14B.27 HKCEE MA 2009 I l7 is shorter than EF since it is the shortest distance from E
Volume ofABCD oc sinLADC
(a) (i) In6BCD, CD=v'62 +25 2-2-6-25cos57 ° to the ground.)
Thus, when LA.DC increases from 30° to 150° , the
14B.23 HKCEEMA 2005-I 14 1 1 = 22.30714=22.3 (cm, 3 s.f.)
volume increases from AD •DC. BD • = 6734 cm3
(a) In D.BCE, BE= l20sin30° = 60 (cm) 3 Z sinLBAC sin5 7°
(ii) In .6ABC,
CE= J20cos30° = 60\1'3 = 104 (cm, 3 s.f.)
I
to 3AD ·DC· BD -1 = 13469 cm3 when LA.DC=90°, � = 28 14B.28 HKCEEMA2010-I 15
(b) In.6ABC, LC=180°-80 ° - 60°=4-0° LBAC = 48.48766° or 131.5° (rej.) (a) lnDABC, LCAB= 146° =2=73° ,
and then decreases back to 6734 cm3. = 48.5° (3 s.f.)
120 AB AC LACB = 180°-73°-59" = 48°
°
sin6o� = sin4{) 0 = sin80° (iii) In DABC, L.ACB = 180 -48.48766" -57" AB 24
=74.51234° = => AB= 18.65041 = 18.7 (cm, 3 s.f.)
=> AB=89.0673=89.l (cm,3s.f.) sin480 sin730
AC= 136.4590 = 136 (cm, 3 s.f.) (b) (i) In.6ABD, BD=v'ABi+ABi-z,AB·ABcos92"
Area of 6ABC = ½AC-BCsin 74.51234"
(c) In .6.A.CD, CD= v'ACl-AD.! = 92.8496 cm 14B.25 HKCEE MA 2007-1 16 = 26.83196 = 26.8 (cm, 3 s.f.)
InABED, letPbe on AD such that BP .lAD. 5+6+9 =337.29079 = 337 (cm2 , 3 s.f.) (ii) Let the diagonals of the kite intersect at£.
(a) Lets= --- = 10 (cm) (iv) Since 6CDE .l 6ABE. we have CE .l 6ABE.
2 Then DE ..LAC and BE .lAC.

,4.
A
Area of 6ABC = ,j',-(,---5�)-(,---6-)7(,---9) In6BCE, CE=v'BC2-BE2 =7cm

/1\
= v'WD= 14.1 (cm2• 3 s.f.) InD.ACE. AE=v'Aci-cE2=-lfSscm
Volume of souvenir AB 28
BC

sl----l\
'
� = Volume of prism+ Volume of pyramid In 6A ' sin74.51234° 57°
I AB= 32.17385 (cm)
= v'200 x2o+ x v200x (23-20) AB+AE+B£
3 Lets::= 41.64237 cm
. = 21 v'2fili = 297 (cm3 • 3 s.f.) 2
c. Area of 6ABE= Js(s-AB)(s-AE)(s-BE)
(b) Let P be the point on CD such that plane PEF is parallel
lo plane ABC as shown. DP = 3 cm, EF = AB = 9 cm, = 317.9377 (cm2 )
DE=PB= VAB2-(AD-BE)Z=79.5800cm 3 x Volume of ABCE A
FP=BC=5cm, EP=AC=6cm Required dist
cv2 + ve2 - ce2 Area of 6ABC ln6BCE, BE=BCsinLBCE= 17.83548(cm)
In D.DFP, DF = � = J34 (cm)
.-. In D.CDE, LCD£= cos-r 2CD-D£ In D.DEP. DE= v'32+5l = ,145' (cm)
Arca of DAB£ x CE DE=BE = 17.83548 cm
= 73.674° Area of DABC In D.BDE, Required L = LBED
DF2 +EF2 -DE2
Shortest distance from C to DE :. InD.DEF, LDFE=cos-1 337.29079 X 7 _ BE2 +DE2 -BD2
2DF·EF 317.9377 =cos 1
= CQ in the figure = 48. ! 6875" = 48.2° (3 s.f.) 2BE-DE
= CDsinLCDE = 89.l cm (3 s.f.) = 6.59835=6.60(cm, 3 s.f.) = 97.6° (3 s.f.)
Required distance= DFsinLDFE = 4.3447
(b) Merhod I -Finding the angles explicitly
= 4.34 cm(3 s.f.) LBCD = cos- i Bc2+CD -BD
2 2
111 In ,..,BCD,
In b.CDE. L.CDE = sin�1 �� = 18.29°
(···1 "
(cl Arca ofmctal plane= 4x5 = 20 (cm2 ) 2BC. CD
4.3447x9 , =68.0°
Arca of D.DEF = -- -- = 19.6 < 20 (cm-) Denoting the distance from E to the ground (i.e. that
14B.24 HKCEE MA 2006 I 17 2 As P moves from A to E, LBPD increases from 92°
found in (a)(iv)) by h cm and the angle between CE and
:. NO. to 97.6°. As P moves from£ to C, LBPD decreases
402+9◊2-602 61 the ground be e. from 97.6° to 68.0°.
(a) In.6ABC, cosLBAC
2_40_90
305
72 e = sin-1 ;E = 18.15° ,-.;,. 18.29°
In 6.ABD, AD=4-0cosL.BAD= (cm) :. NO.
9

339 340
14B.29 HKCEEMA 2011 I 17 14B.31 HKCEE AM 1983 Il 8 14B.33 HKCEE AM 1992 II- 7 14B.36 HKCEE AM 1995 II 7
(,) (i) In6ABC. BC= .J2!Y+30}.-2·20·30cos56° (a) Let H be the projection of V onto ABCD. (a) LPQU=(l80 ° -42° )+2=69°
LCBF=LCFB=8
= 25.07924=25.1 (cm, 3 s.f.) (a) Inb.BCF, BF=2xBCcos8=2acos8 BH= iBD
PU= 10sin69"=9.33580 = 9.34 (cm. 3 s.f.)
LPQR- 180° (5-3) +5 - 108°
_1 25.079242+302 -202 InMMN, MF=xcos8
(ii) LA C _
B-cos = V62 +6· PR= .J1ol+ 10.!-2 . to• tocos 108°
2·25.07924·30
=41.38645° =41.4° (3 s.f.)
.·. In MBM, AM=� 2 =16.18034 = 16.2 (cm, 3 s.f.)
= Ja1(2acos8-xcos8)1 =3../2 {cm) (b) Required L =LPUR
(ill) Required distance = ACsin LACE -4 = Ja2 +(2a-xFcos2 8 Required L = LV BH
= 15.83403 = 15.8 (cm, 3.s.f.) -1 3../2 =cos-1
PU 2 +RU2 -PR2 °
DE .l dist from A to DE (b) 1n6ABF, AF =� =COS -,- 2PU·RU =120 (3s.f.)
(iv) = Jal+(2 acos8)2 = J(l+4cosl8)al
BC .L dist from A to BC = 61.9°
15 83403 ·. I n 6ANF, AN = �
. (nearest0.1 ° )
DE . ·25.07924
15.83403+4 = J(1+4cos2 8)a·-x1
= 20.02142 = 20.0 (cm. 3 s.f.) (c) Inb.FMN, NM=xsin8 (b) Let K be on VA such that BK .l VA. Then DK .L VA.
(b) (i) Let H be the point on DE such that AB .L DE and lnb.AMN, AN2 =AM2+NM2 ½AB V
PH .LD E. LVAB = cos- 1 14B.37 HKCEEAM 1996 IT 12
(1 +4cos2 0)a2-x1 = a 2 + (2a-x) 2 cos28+x2si n28
� -x1=�-4axcos2 8 =70.5288°
VA
j\ (a) AD= ACsin30°=1, DC=2cos30° =v'3
+x1cos2 8 +x1sin2 8 ,/: \ ',\ AB=�=Vl -· BD=�=l
DK=BK=ABslllLVAB sin45° tan45°
4axcos2 8=x1(cos28+sin28) +x2 /�/ \ \, B
l:�:;J/ff
4axcos28 =2x2 ::;,- x=2acos28 5 6569crn
(b) (i) Eis the mid-pt of AB (slllce 6ABD is right-angled
c orrc ;
(d) �=2 acos28 ::;,- cos8=! => 8=60°
2 2
R q d
=LBKD
D ,,,
isosceles).
_ -15.65692+5.65692 -(2·3../2) 2 => AE=DE=BE=
NM=xsin8= y3a - cos
.. 8=LDCE
2
2 · 5.6569 · 5.6569
=97.2" (nearest 0.1° ) DE � y'6
AH= 15.83403 cm AM= Jal + (2a�x)°2-cos28 = . /a2+ ga2 • - = �a .
::;,- sm8=oc= ,13=6
2xArea of .6.PDE V 4 4 4
• •
PH
DE
11.98716 cm Inclinatlon =LNAM = tan- 1NM
::iM' =19" (nrst deg)
:. Required L =LAHP 14B.34 HKCEE AM 1993 Il 7 (ii) CE=-./C[>.l--D£1=�
PH Hence, in DACE,
= cos-1 AH = 40.8" (3 si.) lAB
(a) LVBA = co s -1 � =75.52249"=75.5° (3 si.) AE2+AC2 CE2
(ii) Requireddistance=AP B LEAC = cos-1 45°
AD=ABslllL.VBA =11.61895 = 11.6 (cm. 3 s.f.) 2AE·A�
A-H~1-_-P_H_l = 10.3 cm (3 s.f.)
� v'" (iii) In 6ABC, BC= J22 +2-2·2· ,/2cos45" = ,Ji
(b) DC=AD=ll.61895 cm
Required L = LADC In b.BCD, s ince LADC=LADB = 90° ,
14B.32 HKCEEAM1991 Il 6 3+!-?
- AD2 +DC2 -AC1 Required L. = L.CDB = cos-l
14B.30 HKCEE AM 1981 Il 10 (a) Let Mand N be the mid-points of AB and CD respectively. = cos I 62.2° (3 s.f.) 2( v'3)(l)
2AD . DC
(a) In MEF. LEBF = 60° Then PM .l AB and PN .L CD. = 55 (nearest degree)
°

r
FE2=k2+(rk) 2 -2•k• rkcos60" In6APM, PM=AMtan 60 ° =2-/3cm
=J..2 +r2-J..2 -rk2=(l-r+r2-)k2 Inb.MNP,
14B.35 HKCEE AM 1994 II 12
Required L =LPMN
FG2 = GFH = ¼(HA2 +FA2) AC
= 100
=cos- 1 MN (a) (i) InMBC,
sin/3 sin(l80°-a:/3) -
PM
(l-r) 2k2 lOOslll/3
=![2x(k-rk)2]=
4 2 =cos-1 -2- AC=
sin( a:+ /3)
(km)
14B.38 HKCEE AM 1997 II 12
2,/3
(b) InD.EFG, EG=V F�E_i-�F�iJi
_ =54.r lO?sin /3ta n 9 (a) (i) In6ABC. AC= .JAB2+BCl-2AB·BCcosLABC
0 ____ _ (ii) In6ACP, PC=ACtan8 m
1-2r+r2- ? (nearest 0.1 ° ) sm(a+/3) k = J(3a)Z+(2a) l-2(3a)(2a)cos 120"
= ./(l-r+r2).i:2---2--,- 100sin30° = V9a2 +4a1+6a2= ✓T9a
V (b) (i) AC
(ii) Required L. = LHMC
✓
(b) LetK be on PA such that DK .LPA. Then BK .l PA. sin(45"+30")
=
1 r2-
� k In6ABD, = 51.76381 = 51.76 (km, 2 d.p.) HC
= tan-1 MC= 25" (nearest deg)
BD= -.j4Z+4i AC
' 100sin43 °
In6ACD, AC2 = A!Jl + DC2 = 2f?. = -./32 (cm) sin(37° +43 °) (b) (i) In MBD, BD = J(3a)2 + (2a)1-2(3a)(2a)cos60°
AN2= �(2k2 ) = !t2 In 6ADK, = 69.25193 = 69.25 (km. 2 d.p.) =v1a
✓ LCAC' = 45° -37° =
'{3
2- 2 DK=4sin60° (ii) g0 3
In 6ACC'. cc = -./ �C�,-+-A�C�,,�-�2A
0 �.-,�c�,-
�C , ,
, �
,- ,
In 6AEN, EN=�= k1-.!_k 2= ..2.._k =2v'3 (cm) Area of6BCD = ½(3a)(2a)sin60° = a2
2 = 19.38059 =19.38 (km. 2 d.p.)
A

../2 Similarly, BK=2-/3cm 2 · Area of b.BCD 3\/'3a2 3./21

'o/:.:
. EN 7ik 1 In D.BDK, °
!00sin30 tan20 ° C
sm8=-=----- E= BD .fia = -,-a
EG JT+r! Re quired L = L.BKD (iii) PC
sin(450 +30 ")
=18.84049 (km)
(ii) In6BCE, BE2 = BC2 - CE2
= -! (2v'3)2 +(2-/3) 2 -32 ' ' l00sin43° tan °
COS PC l7 21.17244(km) In D.BCH, BH2=BC +Hc2 2
(c) The inclination is 8. 2-2-/3-2v'3 sin(37° +43°)
O<r<l => l<l+r2-<2 = 109.5° (nearest 0.1°) Inb.CEH, HE2=HC2 +CE2
Increase in height=PC'-PC HE 2 +BE2= {HC2+C£2 ) + (BC2 -CE2)
=> l>sin8> � ::;,- 90° >8>45° = 2.33195=2.33 (km, 2 d.p.)
2.33195 =HC2+BC2 =BH2
Hence, when r varies from Oto 1, the inclination decreases (iv) Required L = tan 1 = 6.86° (2 d.p.) .. HE.LED
from 90° to 45". - 1938059
Hence. required L =LHEC = tan- 1 ��
= 27° (nearest deg)

341
(c) Xis on AD extended such that CXJ..AX. 14B.40 HKCEE AM 1999 Il 11 14B.41 HKCEE AM2001 - 15 (b) MerJwd I
AD (a) ( i) PR 2=il+r?-, PQ2 =il+;-2, QR2=T+r?­ AB2=784
(a) In 6.A.BD,
sin(l80° -a) sin(a-10° ) PR2 + QR2 -PQ: AF2 +BF2 = 935.48 "f'-A82
£sin a cosL.PRQ LAFB"f'-90 °
AD ) 2PR·PQ
sin(a- 10°) (m (il +il + lY +il- Cil+Tl
2 Metlwd2
AF2+BF2 -AB2
°
£sinasin10
(·,) InDACD, CD=ADsinl0°
sin(a-lOo) m
2,/xl +zL Vy2+z2 LAFB=cos_1 69°"f'-90°
2AF·BF
DH AD Meth.od3
(ii) In6.ADH, =
sin{/3-!0°) sm(a-f3) --- -191
cosLBAD
DH
Esinasin(/3-10 ° )
( )
= 4000 < 0
In DACD, sin{a-10°)sin(a-J3) m =;,- LBAF > 90° =;,- LAFB < 90°
al 2
(2a ) +(v'l9a) -(3 7
2 2
cosLDAC :. in.6.DGH, h=DHsina Hence
2(2a)(-v'I9a) 2v'l9 £sin2 asin(/3- J0° ) BF is not perpendicular to AD.
AX=ACcosLXAC= vl9a· -'- = 2a sin(a - l0 ° )sin(a-/3) Thus, L.BFC is not the di hedral angle.
2vi9 2 97sin2 15" sin0.?0 :i!y2+:i!i+ y2 z2+t-t
(b) (i) (I) HG (x2+z2)(y2+z 2 )
14B.39 HKCEEAM 1998-Il-13 sin5 ° sin4.8°
=3.11003=3.l (m,2 s.f.) :i!T+ :i!z2+Ti
97sin 15° (x2+z2)(y2+z 2) 14B.43 HKCEE AM 2003 18
(a) (i) CM=!AC= y'2.a (2) Height of tower= �
2 2 (a) Let S be on PQ such that RS J.. PQ and OS J.. PQ.
. HC =288.0527=290 (m, 2 s.f.) S4 = ½PR·QRsinLPRQ
(ii) Reqtnred L = LCMH =tan-1 M = 55° (nrst deg) Radius of tower= DH cosa Then cos
OS
C I , .r�'y-�'_ +�r;'�,? +�y-�' r fl= Rs·
(b) (i) FH = v'2a., FV =2a 97 sin 15° sin0.2° cos 15° = -Vx2
2
+z2 Vy2 +z2 1•
(x2+z2)(J,2 +z2)
� � Atea of.6.0PQ
R
sin5° sin4.8°
In .6.FVH, HV= J"
=
( y2�2a )'-+-(2a�)2 = ./6a = 11.60678 = 12 (m, 2 s.f.) �-�-- Area of .6.RPQ
= ¾vx2y2 +x2z2+y2z2
FH V2a ,/3
""" �-r; rr
h+CD ½·OS·PQ
sinLFVH=
HV = ../6a = T (ii) (I) PO = BO = Ti � �
=;,- S4-=4+4+4=S2-+S1-+S3 2 = ½·RS·PQ 0
Let the projectio n of F onBVDH beP. = 963.476 OS
By sym metry, Flies on HV as shown. = 960 (m, 2 s.f.) (b) (i)
4
Volume=½x( ; )x2=4
3 = RS
In.6.FVP, V =cos0
Required distance (ii) Height of pyramid with .6.GAC as base
3xVolume (b) (i) LetD be on AB suchthat CD .l.AB and ED ..LAB.
=FP 2xl2 4 m
Ateaof .6.GAC CD= = ( )
=FVsinLFVP 3x4 12 6
�- 2,/3 '
,-a j(�)2 +{.1f) 2 +(�)2 v6T L. between boardand shadow= sin-1 � =30 °
By(a)(i), Area of shadow= (Area ofboard)cos30°
Required L. = sm-1� =23 ° (nearest degree) = 12cos30 ° = 6,/3 (m2)
(ii) · · AC is the longest side
.·. Height of MBC from Bto AC is the shortest.
Area of shadow= l2cos¢, where¢ is the angle of
H
inclination of the board.
s·mce s·m,.� 2 �· h
G (2) LOBP=(180° -45° )-;--2 = Height ofMBC' ,. 1s t e smallest
(ii) (1) SinceVB = BD=DV=\11a, LDVB=60° . = 67.5 14B.42 HKCEE AM 2002 17 (i.e. cos¢ largest) when Bis fastened to the pole.
:. B fastened will give the largest shadow.
� DN = v'2a.sin60° = fa :. BearingofBfromP
=N(90 ° -67.5° )W (a) Method I to find CF
Method I
(2) --- =N22.5 °W In MCD, cosLADC = � = ¾ (since MCD is isos.)
°
A N=ABsin45 =
v'2
-a
2 14B.44 HKCEE AM 2004 11
R equired L.=LAND
=c -I AN2 +DN2 -AD2
=;,- ;:���:lC =24 (a) In .6.0BC, OC = -J5!+ITi - l3
os
2AN·DN Metlwd 2 ro find CF In .6.0AC, AC= -J3i + 132 -2.3 · 13cosl2°
+�a2 -a2 I = v'2f7 = ( 14.7, 3 s.f.)
=cos -! ½a2 Area of DACD =? x 30y1252 - (3072)3 = 300
2·:4a•1a (b) In.6.0AB, AB=v'S2=1i=4
2xArea-of DACD 2x300
= 55 ° (nearest degre e) CF = In 6.A.BC,
AD � 24
Then... MerJwdl AC2=217
In fact, since AD is perpendicular to plane BVA, AB +BC =4 + 12 = 160 "f'-AC
2 2 2 2 2
In.6..4.CF, AF=VAC2-cF1=7
it is perpendicular to any line on plane BVA. 28 2 + 252 - 402 -191 :. LABC"f'-90°
Required L.=LAND In 6.A.BD, cosLBAD
2-?8,25 1400 42+J?2 -217
• 1 AD
= sm- = SY (nearest deg) Method2 LABC=cos-1 = 126° 7'90°
DN :. In 6.A.BF, BF= ,/28-+ 7i_2·28· 7cosL.BAD 2_;.12
(iii) BHD andBVD is the same plane, andABGF andBVA = 886.48 = 29.77381 Hence the student is not correct.
is also the same plane. H ence the required angle is the 886.48+242 -402
:. In .6.BCF, LBFC=cos_1
same one as in (b)(ii)(2). :. YES. 2 · )886.48 · 24
= 96� (nearest degree)

343
14B.45 HKCEEAM2006 17 14B.47 HKCEEAM2009 12 14B.49 HKCEEAM2010-17 (ii) sin0>0a nd5-3cos8:2:2>0
5 6 7 A 4sinB
(a) Inl::.ABD, AD=llcos60° =5.5(cm) cosa:= >0 => aisacute.
(a) (i) Lets= + + =9 Let M be the mid-point of BC.
AD 11 5-3cose
2
Area= Vs(s-5)(s-6)(s-7)
AM=ACsinLACB= -,/3 In l::.AED, AE = s 0 = ,,/3 =6.35 (cm, 3 s.f.) (iii) From the given info, since the distance between A and
DM=-J3 co 30
Area of !::.ABE TI2 is the same.
=,/216 (= 14.7, 3 s.f.) Required L = LAMD 3
(ii) Area of .6.ABC = l::.AOB +!:!.BOC+ .6.COA B = .!:. • 11 · .!2_ sin30° AB=AD => 5sin8=3 => sine- -
+ 2
r,,,;;7 6r 7r 5r =cos-1 3 3-2 2 vJ , ,30 �
2-vl·vl 121 => cos8=-
B�
v�10=2+2+2 = 71 ° (nearest deg) / :. 5
C - 4)3 4(¾)
2 E D 12
r= � (= ;6) = 17.5 (cm2 , 3 sl.) Figure (1) => cosa= =o
�
(b) (i) VO=rtan60° = 2.._n (b) LFAC=(l 2 0° -30 ° )-:-2) AC= V25sin20+ I6-40sin8cosa
:. Volu me ofVABC=
3 xvTI6x2v'2
=45°
LACF = (180° -120° )+-2
= f'!!.
Vu < 3=AB

1¥
= 8-,/3 C= 13.9, 3 sf.)
E�
14B.48 HKCEEAM 2009 18 =30° Hence, the angle between AC and TI2 is greater than
y C
the angle between AB and Tiz.
(ii) Height of ,6,VBC from V to BC = �= (a) ln.6.DHK, DK=-•- =-J3h(m)
tan30°
l {fI
\1'6 14 h \J
:. Areaofl:!.VBC= xy3x7= - - (b) In 1:::.AHK, AK= tan 0 = h (m)
2 3 45
(=ll.4,3 s.f.) From the time taken, BD =2AB . Figure (2)
14B.S1 HKDSEMASP 1-18
(iii) Height of pyramid from A to C!.VBC Since Bis the closest point on AD to K, KB ...LAD. AF 11
AC = (a) In MCD, CD =20sin45° = 10./2 (cm)
3xVolumeofpyramid 3x8v'3 18v'2 In.6.ABK, BK2 =AK2-AB2 =h2-AB2 In.6. F, sin30° sin(l80°-45°-30° )
AD= 20cos45° = 10-./2 (cm)
Areaof,6,VBC
18✓:i
¥ =-,- lnMDK, BK2=DK2 -Brfl-=3h2 -4 AB2
h2 -AB2 = 3h2 - 4AB2 (c)
AF= 5.69402=5.69 (cm, 3 s.f.)
F
In .6.BCD, BC=
CD
sin 300 = .._n
20 cm
Required L = sin- 1 -;- = 37 (nearest degree)
° 3AB2 =2h2
BD=...!:E__=l0../6cm
AB=�h(m) tan30°
Arfl-+BD 2-AB2
14B.46 HKCEEAM2008-16 (b) (i) In.6.ABD, RequiredL=cos- 1
(c) BC= _!:.AB= ..2_h m A 2AD-BD
(a) Since VA is not perpendicular to AB, LVAC is not the L 2 v6 - 200+600-324
=COS I
between the planes. B(C)
BK= .jhi-ABi = ..2_h m 2 , 10-./2 -10../6
(b) (i) Crirericn I: VD ...LAB )3 = 46.60321 °
,6,VAB isequilateral and BD = DA In C!.BCK, CK=�= hm E = 46.6 (3 s.f.)
°

:. VD...LAB (propertyofisos.C!.) .._n (i) Let G be the project ion of F onto 1:::.ABE. (ii) CD ...LAD and CD .l BD
Crirericn 2: ED ...LAB V Required L = LHCK =tan-1 �; = 55° (nearest deg) 3xVolume of tetrahedron CD...LPlaneABD
FG= =3.87899 cm I
BD=DAandBE=EC -, Area o f.6.ABE => Volume of ABCD = xArea of l::.ABD x CD
DE//AC (mid-pt thm) C ----tf\l�.. __ _ (d) (i) AD= 3AB = \1'6h m (30 mins) Required L = LFAG 3
I
=> LEDB=LCAB=90
(corr. Ls, DE //AC)
°
�
•\>.·:·,,�,
\i.i;:1_\'.)ffi�",
A 4,/6
AE+ED=4AB=-,-hm (40mins) =sm AF
. -I 3.87899 = AD·BD·CDsmLADB
G
E - D , 32 � =42.94060° = 42.9° (3 s.f.) => Volume of ABCD oc sin LADB
{AE+ED)- = 3h· Hence, when LADE increases from 40° to 90° ,
(ii) Let H be the projection of F onto AB. Then, since
B GH is the projection of F H onto !::.ABE, the required the volume increases (from 525cm3 ot 816 cm3 );
AE2 +Ev2 +2AE·ED = ¥h2

¥Jil
Hence, the L between VAB and ABC is LVDE. angle isLFHG. when LADB increases from 90° to 140", the volume
3
In !:::.AFH, FH =AFsinLFAC= 4.02628 cm decreases (from 816cm to 525 cm ).
3
(ii) VA=VB=VC=AC=2cm AD2 +2{9450 x2 ) =

!t�
ED=!AC=lcm Required L = LFHG = sin-1 �� = 74.5° (3 s.f.)
2 6 2
8
BC=#+z!-v8(cm)
VE= yvs--(BC-:-2)-l= ./icm h + 37 �1� : => h = 90
(ii) The pole is to be located at the circumcentre of 14B.S0 HKCEE AM 201 ! - 13
VD=yvAi- (AB-:-2)i = -,/3 cm
DADE. (a) (i) In.W.D£, A£=3sin0 D�B
VD2=3
Since it is a right-angled triangle, the circumcentre is In.6.BCE, BE=4sin0
VE1+ED2 =2+1 =3=VD2
the mid-point of its hypotenuse. :. In 1:::.ABE, AB=�=5sin0
LVED=90°
I i.e. The pole is located at C. (ii) CD= -./DEl+cel = V(3cose)� + (4cos0)2
(c) Area of.W.BC= x2x2 =2(cm2) H
2 Required L of elevation =5cose

_ _)_,I
_1 HK-3 (b) (i) In.6.ABC, AC2 =AB2 +BC2-2AB-BCcosa
Volume of pyramid =½ XArea of !::.ABC X VE =tan �
= 25sin 2 e + 16-40 sin8cosa -A�B
2--.n 3 90m
-- -,m =tan-1� In.6.AEC, AC2=AE2 +EC2 -2AE-ECcosa
3 72{90) Pole = 9sin2 e+ I6cos2e
Area of .6.VAB = ½ x 2 x 2sin60° = v'3 (cm 2) = 54° (nearest degree) 3m -24sin0cos0cosa
. . 3xVolume of pyramid K ¥---- C 25sin2 e+ 16-40sin0cosa
R eqwreddiSL
Areaofl:!.VAB =9sin e +16cos e -24sin e cos e cos a
2 2

16siri2e+ l6{1-cos2 0) = 8sin0{5-3c ose)cosa -� B

3x 2-J2 2\1'6
= ;=- - (= 1.63 cm, 3 s.f.) 32sin20= 8sin0{5-3cos0)cosa
3
4sine
cosa=---
5-3cose

345 346
14B.52 HKDSE MA PP-I-18 In 6Af>X, PX =APsin72° =22.166315 cm 14B.S4 HKDSE MA 2013-I-18 14B.56 HKDSE MA 2015 - f- 19
(a) In 6.4.BC, AB= y20t+ 12Z-2·20· 12cos60° AX =APcos72 Q = 7.202272 cm 212 +352-282 (a) (i) In6ABC, AC=V401+241-2 . 40.24cos 8 0°
,::;,- PQ=AD-2AX=5.595456cm (a) (i) In6A.BC, LBCM=cos-1
= v304= 17.4(cm, 3 s.f.) 2 . 21 .35 = 42.92546=42.9 (cm. 3 s.f.)
In6BPY, BY=AX=7.202272 cm =53.13010° = 53.1 ° (3 s.f.) sin80°
(b) Let E be on AB such that CE .l AB. Since 6.4.BC and (i
sinLACB
PY=VPB2-BY1 =24.561242 cm (ii) In 6BCM. LCBM = 51.86990° i) � = 42.92546
6ABDare congruent, DE .l AB as well.
:. In6PXY, XY=AB=20cm CM 21 LACE = 66.59082° or J 13° (rej.) = 66.6° (3 s.f.)
In 6ABC, - -1XY1 +py2 _px1
2x Area of 6ABC '9 a - cos 58.6° (3 s.f.) s in5l.86990° sin 75° (iii) Note how the given information had fixed theareas of
CE= 2XY _ PY CM= 17.10155 = I7.l (cm, 3 s.f.) 6ABC and 6AB1D. Hence, h t e only varying partof
AB Met!wd 2-Use 6P HY to find a

�6
_2xf•l2•20sin60° (b) {i) AM=35-17.101545= 17. 89845(cm) the paper card is 6ACD.
- In 6APZ. AZ=APcos72° = 7.202272 cm In6ACM,
,/304 PZ=APsin72° = 22.166315 cm AC = Vr. --�
�w=
AM'""��+-c �M
2A �·�
CM�,-,,-LA-M ��
C
= ll.92079 (cm) In6Af>X, AX=APcos72° =7.202272cm = 28.13898= 28.1 (cm, 3 s.f.)
DE=CE=11.92079cm => In6PHZ, HZ=AX=7.202272cm (ii) In 6CMN, CN = CMcosLMCN
:. In6CDE, D PH= VPzi-Hzi.=20.963606 cm = 17.10155cos53.l3030°
Required L = LCED :. In6PHY, HY=ZB=AB-AZ=l2.797728cm Arca of 6ABC=Arcaof .6.AB'D
=10.26093 (cm) l
_ CE2+DE2 -CD2 PH = (40)(24)sm80°= 472,71 (cm2),
=cos 1 a=tan-1 =58.6° (3 s.f.) '9 BN =21-10.26093 = 10.73907 (cm) z
2CE-DE HY 28 +21 -28.13898
2 2 2
which isa cons tant
11.920792 + 11.920792 -142 Method] In/\ 'BC' LAB C=cOS_1
wn.
= cos-l
' 2·2 8 ·21 Area of6ACD = ½Ac2 sinLACD
2• 11.92079· 11.92079 AP BP BPsin60° = 68.38516°
In 6A BP, = P
=71.9 ° (3s.f.) sin60" sin72'' ⇒ A = sin72° = 921.30sin(LBCD- 66.6° )
In 6.4.BX, AX =A/-'cos72 °
105° :5 LBCD :5 145"
(c) LCAD=cos-1 2() +zo -l4
2 2 2
41.0° BPsin60° 38.4° :5 LACD :5 78.4°
2-20 ·20 sin720 . cos 72 "
12 + 12 - 14
2 2 2 Hence, as LBCD increases from 105° to 145°, the
LCBD = co s-! 71 .40 BPsin60°
2· 12-12 = area of the paper card increases.
� CJy,
(from 472.71 x 2+921.30sin38.4° = 1518 (cm2)
As P moves from A to B, LCPD increases from 41.0° Lo In6BPZ, BZ=BPcos60°
LCED = 71.9° at£ and the n decre ases to 71.4°. to 472.71 x 2+921.30sin78.4° = 1848 (cm2))
In6PHY, HY= BZ= BPcos60° B
B BPcos60°
PY=.!!.!__= Method I -Check whether AN .1 BC
co s a cos a
BPsin60o
· .· In 6.BPY' BY =AX = In6ABN, AN= ,jABi +BN2-2AB-BNcosLABC
tan72° = 26.03454 cm
,.
"" C
""�"�
BP2 = BY2 + py1
BP2sin2 60° BP2 cos2 60c
AB2 =784
AN +BN = 681 :f.AB2
2 2
+ t e mid-point
(b) Let the projection of B onto ACD be Hand h
A t n2 72°
a cos2 a LANB,f.90°
cos2 60° sin2 60° of CD be M. By symmetry, we have BM .1 CD, AM .l CD
- ta 2 7 ° i.e. LANM is not the described angle. Disagreed. andH lying on AM.
D cos�a = I n 2 Method 2 - Check if N is the projection of A onto BC
cos2 a tan2 72° B
Suppose the projection of A onto BC is P.
14B.53 HKDSE MA 2012 I 18 cos2 60° In6ABP, BP=ABcosLABC=10,31423cm:;fBN.
(a) In6ABP, LAPB=180° -72° -60°=48° cos a= i.e. Nis not the projection ofA onto BC.
AP 20 Hence, LANM is not the described angle. Disagree.
= =} AP= 23.30704= 23.3 (cm, 3 s.f,)
sin600 sin48 0 Method4
\-.\--f' D
(b) Since the pyramid is square�based and right, all lateral tan72o if. � 14B.55 HKDSE"MA.2014-1 17
faces are congruent Thus, alltheir base angles are 72°. In 6ABP = = sinLAVB sinll0° · · .:_· · · · · ·1,::
A=• -�·cc:··c·:.:.::
' at n60° � AL 'VAB,
(a) In u. = __ !_'__l,
Let X. Y, Z and H be the projections of P on AD, BC, tan0 YH 18 30
AB and ABCD respectively. Then PXY is perpendicular lo Similarly, in6PXY, = C
tan a XH LAVB = 34.32008° or 145.7° (rej,)
ABCD. (This is assumed by the symmetry without proof.) BL tan72° LVBA = 180 -110 -34.32008°
° °
LACD = 132 ° -66.59082° = 65.40918°
a=LPYX. = =
= 35.67992° = 35.7° (3 s.f.) In 6ACM. AM= AC sin(l32°-65.40918° )
Q AL tan60°
tan60° (b) In 6VAB, VA= V18-t-30! �2-18-30cos35.67992° = 39.39231 (cm)
⇒ tana = --r ane CM=ACcos(132 ° -65.40918° )
p tan72° = 18.22161 cm
In 6APZ, AZ=AP cos72° ln6VBC, · VM=MBandVN=NC = 17.86279 (cm)
In 6.4.PX, PX =APsin72° In6BCM, BM= VB8-CM1-= 16.02875 cm
In6PHX, HX=AZ=APcos72° MN= �BC= 5 cm (mid-pt theorem) -1AB 1 +AM1 -BM2
HX APcos72° = 1 -COS
In 6ABM, LBAM-
cose = = Similarly, MP=½VA=9.110Slcm 2AB·AM
PX APsin72° tan72° = 23.2791°
=;,- tan 0 = -Jtan1 72° -1 Let the projection of M onto PQ be H. => BH=ABsinLBAH=15.8084cm
y tan60° InL':i.MPH, M5cmN
Hence, tan
A a= tan720 t an e PH=(PQ-MN)72
Vol of pyramid=j(92l.30sin65.40918° )(15.8084)
tan60° Vtani? °- =2.5cm 9.ll08lcm(\ = 4410 (cm3 , 3 s.f.)
(i) Method I - Use 6PXY t o find a = 2 1 => a=58.6"
tan72°
P �Q
MH=-JMPi -PH2
In 6ABP ....!!!_° = �° PH . "' PH =8.7611 cm 10cm
' sin72 sin48 " sin a= IT• smp =
(ll)
PB (5 + 10)(8.761 !)
=> BP= 25.595456 (cm) PY <PB Area of P QNM 65.7 < 70 (c m2 )
2
By the symmetry of h t e pyramid, PQCB and PQDA PH PH The craftsman is agreed.
arc isosceles trapeziums. PY> PB
=> sina>sin,8 => a>f3

347 346
14B.57 HKDSE MA 2016- I 19 14B.59 HKDSEMA2018 T 17 14B.61 HKDSEMA2020-I 19
(a) In t.ABD, sinLADB sin86
°
AD 60
(a) In 6ABD, PR
--10-= ---is sin20° sin (180° - 120° -20°) _2Q__
oinLPQR ,WLPRQ
LADB = 41.68560° or 138.3° (rej.)
⇒ LABD=l80° -86 ° -41.68560°
AD= 31.92533 = 31.9 (cm, 3 s.f.) " "
(b) (i) InMBC, LABC = co5_1AB +sc -Ac .;,,.30•"�
2 2 2
= 52.31440 ° = 52.3° (3 s.f.) 2AB-BC
PR,.36.6232376<\cru.
In MCD, CD= -Jsl+ 15l -2-8-15cos43" 6G2+31.925332 -402 LPQR+LPRQ +L QPR"\$0° (L,,,mori!.)
= 10.65247 = 10.7 (cm, 3 s.f.) =cos-l
2-60-31.92533 30"+5S"+LQPR:ISO•
(b) We need to verify AC .lBC and AC .lCD. = 37.99208° = 38.0° (3 s.f.) LQPR=9S•
Int.ABC, AC2 + BC2 = 62 + 82 (ii) Let Pbe onBD such thatCP .LSD, andCP extended LQPR+LRPSacL QPS
= l00=AB2 meet AB at Q {in Figure (1)). Then the angle between 9S'+LlU'S=120"
ABD and BCD in Figure (2) is L.CPQ. LllPS=lS'
:. AC.lBC
JIS' =PR'+PS'-Z(PR)(PS)rn•LJIPS
Inb.ABD, AD2 =AB 2 +BrJl-2AB-BDcosLABD
RS zJ G.623 237661 +4o'-2{36.l>'..323766)( �O) coo 2S•
= 141.60 RS= 16.90879944 cm
AC2+CD2 = 149.48 #AD2 0� RS=l6.9 en (corr. !o 3 •itt�g.)
AC is not perpendicular to CD. DtSi
A Q B The OICt!Qfthc p"l'crQ\m
Since C is not the proj ection of A onto BCD, LABC is not
the descnbed angle. The craftsman is disagreed. �½( PQ)( PR).,in/..QPR+½{ PR)(PS)oinLRPS

In D.BCP, BP =BCcos40 ° = 24.45622 cm ,, ½{Go)(36,6Dll766),ii,.9S"+½(36.62323766)(�Olsin ZS"

14B.58 HKDSEMA2017 I-19 BP a,J404.00\>Zl6
(a) In 6ABC. LB= 180° - 30 ° -42° = 108° In b,.BPQ, BQ= CIJS2Q° =26.02577 cm
;J400cm' (cotr.lo3•is-fi 1t-)
�=� ⇒ AC=45.65071 =45.7(cm,3s.f.) InD.BCQ, CQ = ,/BQ2 +BCl-2BQ-BCcosLQBC ci L,.� ,I b< 1he l""J'<"diOulol' roo1 of pan lho !i,-, P"''""'� ll\l"l'.IUIJh Q ,,,,d // aud
sin108° sin30° = 19.67077 cm O be lhcpr,ojeclion ofP o.n 1h<: hod""""'1 grom,<l
(b) (i). D.ADF ~ !::.CEF .. In D.CPQ, Then, LOU� �2•.
10 45.6507l+CF
Required L = L.CPQ = cos-1
PQ2 + CP2 - CQ2
2 CF filllLPQ. -tcef,fz
2PQ. CP
4CF = 45.65071 =71.9 (3s.f.)
° .
o,,oJO'" PA
61)
CF= 11.41268
= 11.4 (cm, 3 s.f.) P.1,.30<m
(ii) Method I 14B.60 HKDSE MA 2019 I-18 siD-LO.tP= �
AB 24 sinL.BAD sin72°
AB=32.11827(cm)
InMBC,
sin 420 = sin 300-=>
(a) (i) In 6.ABD, � = ---
1 3 '°
Un3:?"=�
L.BAD = 61.38987 ° or 118.6° (rcj.) OP= J0<i,,32° crn
Area of 6ABF = ½AB-AFsinL.FAB OP=lS.9""' {ocor.tohi�fi$.)
= 61.4" {3 s.t:)
=458.1943 = 458 (cm2• 3 s.f.) (ii) LADB = 180 ° - 72" - 61.38987° = 46.61013" Produce PS oud QR. !D intotooct ot tbc pollll B.
Method 2 "'? DP=BDcosLADB=S.24351 cm
LPQB+OBQ+,<.QPB ,,,JSO" l L=afl!.)
Area of MBF In !::.CDP,
:;O''+ LPBQ + 120" = 180"
= Area of MBC + Arca of D.FBC CP = v"1�22 -+-, .-,4-,-,-1 °-- - -,-. 1-,-. -, .-,-4,-, -1--,-,=•o
co
/.PB(!=l0°
= AC-BCsinLACB + ½CF-BCsin(l80 - LACS) { )
½ ° = 11.39253 = ll.4 { crn, 3 s.f.) LPBQ=LP QB
b Since BP .LAD, we need to check whether CP .LAD. PQ = I'D {<idc, Cljlp. C'<J. Ls)
= (AC+CF BCsinLACB=458 cm (3 s.f.)
½ ) 2 InD.CDP, CD2 =169 PS+SB=PQ
CP2 +DPJ = 197.7 f 169 = CD2 40cm+SlJ,60cm
(iii) In!::.FBC, BF=-JBcJ-+Cffz-2BC-CFcosLBCF Hence, L.CPD #- 90 ° , and thus L.BPC is not the angle be­ SB=c20cm
= 33.36690 (em) tween ABD andACD. The claim is disagreed. Let Cl,,, tbe p<rpendi,:ulru: foot ors on AB.
(Or use MBF rojind BF.) LPBA=,LSIJC (ootlllllC11L )
LPAB= /.5CB (by oonlllm<:!;Qu )
,<..JPB = LCSB (3rd/. ofI!.)
M',,1JJ-4SCB {A.A.A.)
D� ?=� (ocrr.,ido,.-il")
30oin32° 60
Let the projection of A onto BF be P. SC =20
2xAr � 6 ABF 2 SC=lO>inn•cm
AP=

i
� 7.46400 cm
"
sii,.,<.SRC= E:_
Inclination= sin-1 =21.4° (3 s.f.) ,inilRC=�
lG.SI0879lM4
(iv) Since Pis also the proj ection of D onto BF, LSRC=l8.164IGOOS"
Areaof6BDF= �BF-DP The w,glo bctwcon RS and the horlzantal �" 13.26'116008"
1 lh<,m>glollotw<'m.RS Olldthe horizolllni!!"'und-:20�
< ½BF-AP=458 <460 Hcooc. the •!lldcn!'• clllim is a!J<Oe<I wi!h..
:. The craftsman is disagreed.

349 350
 15 Mensuration ISA.14 HKCEE MA 2006 I 4 15B Volumes and surface areas of solids
....... 150°
AB= " x 2x(12) = 10,r (cm) !SB.I HKCEE MA 1983(A/B) I 8
ISA Lengths and areas of plane figures 15A.6 HKCEEMA1988 1-5 360
(a) Volume of cylinder=Volumeof hemisphere
ISA.I HKCEEMA 1980(1/1*/3)-I-10 (a) AreaofOABC =
100°
360
<> x 1t(l0) 2 = 87.27 (2d.p.) 4
1tr1h= :3n:r3+2
(a) LPAX = 20 (Lat centre twice Lat 0 u ) ISA.IS HKCEE MA 2007 - I 9
Similarly, LQBX LRCX 28 = = (b) Area of .6.0AC= 4(10)2sinl00° =49.24 (2d.p.)
(a)
LAOB
x2x{40)=16,r a,;- LAOB=72°
2
h= 3r "'> r:h=3:2
(b) Areas of sector OAP: OBQ: OCR= (OA: OB: OC) 2 (c) AreaofABC=87.27-49.24=38.03 (2d.p.) 3600 2
=4:9: 16 20 ( b) (i) h=3 r
(b) Area= 7 ° xx(40)2=320;r(cm2 )
360
(c) cosLRCX=CD=�=� ⇒ 20=60° =:> 0=30 ° lSA.7 HKCEE MA 1992 I 7 = l
136 z(2nr) +h+(2r) +h
CR 4 2
(a) LAOB = 360° +5 72° = ISA.16 HKDSE MA 2015 9
Area of l:,.OAB= ½(I0)2sin72°=47.533 = 47.6 (3 s.f.) 136 =xr+2r+2 (�r)
= = 136+ (x+ T) = 21 (2 s.f.)
Angle
lSA.2 (HKCEEMA 1981(1/2/3)-I-12)
(a) AC: !Osin(l38 ° -:-2) x2 = l8.6716(m) (b) Shaded area=
,,,
6() x,r(l0)2 -47 .553 = 15.3(3 s. f.)
(a)
360
0 xn:(12) 2 30l't' => Angle=75°
r
BC= )AB2+AC2 21.2 (m, 3 s.f.) = 3 0

(b) Perime ter=

7 50
3600
x2,r(l2)+12x2=5l't'+24(cm) (ii) Total externals.a.
138° =4xr2+2+21trh+:;r;,2
(b) Area of ABDC
3600 =
x C.S.A. of cylinder
ISA.8 HKCEEMA 1994-I-2(d)
=21t(21) 2+2n:(2l) G ·21) +x(2I)2
138°
3600 = =
x 2n(10)(10) 241 (cm2 , 3 s.f.) Method 1
= 6000(cm , I s.f.)
2
2,
{c) (Imagine the curvedABDC is straightened.) L subtended= x360° = 72°
j
Length of curve= AB2 + (A C)2 = 26.J m (3 s.f.)
2,r{5)
Are a o fsector= �; 0 x1t{5) 2 = 5,r= 15.7 (3 s.f.)
ISB.2 HKCEEMA1984(A/B)-l-12
3 (a) Suppose Eis the mid-pointof CD.
LCPD=2LCPE
15A.3 HKCEEMA1982(1/2J3) - I - 4 . Arc Jeno-th 'J _ 1 CE
Area of sector= Area of circlex t
Circumfe:Cnce =- an PE
LBOC= tan- 1 zv'3 = 30"
6
, 2;,r
=
=1t(5) ~ X it = 5,r 15.7 (3 S.f.)
20+2
=2 tan-1 W- = 53.1301 ° = 53.1 (I d.p.)
°

= 360 0 x 11:(6) = 3n-

30 ° 2 (5)
Areaw 2
(b) PC=,/Pel+CEi=../500
53.1301°
@= x2x(../500)
ISA.9 HKCEEMA 1999 - I 9 360 °
ISA.4 HKCEEMA 1982(1/2/3)-I-9 .
(a) rsm60° = 5 => r= v'3
IO
= 5.77 (3 s.f.)
=
= 20.73495 20.7 (cm, I d.p.)
(a) Divide the hexagon into 6 equal parts. (c) AreaofAPBCQD
!20° , I , , =Area of sector PCD+2 xArea of .6.PBC
Area of hexagon= 6 x½ x Ix J x sin60° (b) Area= x:;r;r - zrsin 120 ° = 20.5 (cm-. 3 s.f.)
3600 53.1301 °
=36QOx,r;y ( 'P
"
;iOu-+2x-
o)
2ox 10
-
3v'3 =431.8 (cm2 , l d.p.)
2
=2 ISA.IO HKCEE MA 2000 I 3
(d) T.S.A. = BRxPerimeter ofAPBCQD
AC= 2 xAB si n60 ° = v'3
A rea=
75° '
= '
x:;r:(6)- 2.20 (cm-. 3 s.f.) = =
20x (20x3+@) 1614.7 (cm:!., 1 d.p.)
360 0
ISB,3 HKCEEMA1985(NB)-l-ll
lSA.Il HKCEEMA'.!QQI-I 3 (a) (i) l35l't'=n:·9·0P � 0P=l5(cm)
C (ii) Height=../152-¢= 12(cm)
50°
x2:;r:(3) +3+3 = 8.62 (cm. 3 s.f.)
(b) (i) In LMBC, LBAC 30 ° = Perimeter=
3600
12-x 3 I
(b) (i) By~L:,.s, --= =3
x 9
Similarly, LABF = 30°
=> AP= BP and, similarly, BQ QC = 3(12-x) =x
=
Besides, LPBQ 120 ° -30° -30 ° = 60"
ISA.12 HKCEEMA2004 I-9 x=8
Hence, !:::.BPQ is equilateral. => AP=PQ = QC (a) Let r cm be theradius. (ii) Method 1
I y'3 �xxr2=I62Jr => r=27 Volu me remained
=> PQ= A c=
3 3
360°
.·. The radius i s 27 cm. = Big cone- Small cone - Cylinder
0
(ii) Area=6 x � x ( ) sin60"
2
= v'3 80"
(b) Perime ter= 0 x 2l't'(27)+27 x 2
360
= 91.7(cm, 3 s.f.) = j°x(9) (12)-}x(3) (12-8)-:;r;(3) {8)
2 2 2

2 3 2
=240,r;(cm3)
Method2
lSA.13 HKCEE MA 2005 - I 9 3
lSA.S HKCEEMAI983(A/B)-I-5 100° Volof frustum= Vol of big cone x [1-(¾) ]
(a) OC=OB-CB=15 (a) x 2x(OA) = lOl't' => OA = 18(cm)
3600
LAOC=cos-1 OC =60°
0A
(b) Area=Area of se ctor OAC-Area of t.OAC
100° , l 2 .
= il't'(9) (12) X (1-�)
2

.......
60°
(b) AB= 3600 x 21t(30) = 20,r =
36()<>
xx(l8)--z(l8) sml00° 26
=324:;r;x rj =312:;r;(cm3)
= 123 (cm , 3 s.f.)
=
2
Vol remained= 312Jr-:;r;(3)2{8) 240l't' (cm3 )

351 352
15B.4 HKCEEMA1986(A/B)-I-l2 (b) Area of ABB'A'=�!�: [n:(60+60)2-n:(60)2] lSB.11 HKCEEMA 1996 I 8 (b) (The final situation in Figure (2) is the same as Figure (I )
(a) (i) Leth be the heigh t of the cone. with the lowest 5 cm removed.)
= 3600n: (cm2 ) (a) Cap of cup= ½n:(5)2(12) = IOOn:= 314 (cm3, 3 s.f.) Depth of water= 11.8 cm
}n:(6) 2 (h)=;. [in:(6)3 +2] (c) The shortest path is AC in Figure (2). (b) (i) Areaofsector=C.S.A.ofcone
Method 1 = n:(5),/5l + 122 lSB.16 HKCEEMA2004-I-14
l2n:h = ;(l44it) ::;, h = 16
.·. The height of the cone is l 6.
4
Since OA = OB and L40C = 120° + 2 = 60 ° , 60BC is
equilateral. (ii)
L of sector
= n:(5)(13) = 65it= 204 (cm2, 3 s.f.)
x n:(l3)2= 651'
(a) Base radiusof cylinder= ✓12 - (�) 2 = ✓144-�
2

360°
(il) Vol= 144n:+ 144n:x 'j =336n:
X 6 3
Required path=0Csin60" = 120- '; =60v'3 (cm) L of sector=138 ° (3 s.f.) V =it ( 144-�) (h)= 144n:h-ih3
(b) (i) By~L'l.s, y=T6 8 Method2
lSB.12 HKCEEMA 1997 I 12
Required path= ,jOA1 + OCl-20A · OCcosL40C (c) 144n:h-ih3 =286n:::;, h3 -576h+l144=0
1 = V6r]i+ I202-2-60· 120cos60" (a) (i) ln.6.VMN, NM=6+2=3 (m)
(ii) 3nx2y=336n:+2 Since (2) 3-576(2)+ 1144=O, h-2 is afactor.
= ,/10800 (cm) VN=NMIMl8 =31Mi8 (m)
M (h-2)(h2+2h-572) = 0
3 ) ' y = 168n:
1 (gY
3n: VM= N =-3-(m) -2
cose cos0 h=2or ±v4+2288
3 l 2
154n'T
,
= 168n: ::;, y = 15.3 (I d.p.) 15B.8 (HKCEEMA1993-I-9) (ii) Cap= x6x6x31M!0=361M!0(m3 )
a 3 =2orv'STI-1 or-v'STI- l (rj.)
(a) (i) Area of sector OACB = xn:r 6xcoh 36 , Hence, the height is 2 cm or (,/ffi-1) cm.
3600 T.S.A. =4x � = e (m·)
ex , I , cos
15B.5 HK.CEEMA 1989-1 II (-,-,) Area of segmentACB x n:r - ,sin a: 6
(l0+2)x50 = 360 0 2 0
(bl (i) 6x6=itr ⇒ r= ft ISB.17 HKCEE MA2005-I-12
(a) Vol of water x 20=6000 (m3 ) l .
2 (iii) A ofsegme ntACB= (A of circle) (ii) n:r2h=36 tan0 ⇒ (36)h=36tan0 ⇒ h=tan8 (a) .!_n:(h-4)2h= ±it(h-4)3+2
'c
5 3 3
(b) (i) (The cross-section would change from a trapezium to exit sinex -- ' h=2(h-4) ⇒ h=8
a triangle.) (----- ) r-- itr) (iii) 2itrh+itr2 = �
. . 8x50 360° 2 5 cos8 (bl T.S.A. = .1t'(h-4)Jh1 + (h-4)2- +4it(h-4)2 +2
o of water remammg = --y-x ?0
¥1 _ = 4000(m') exn: sin ex
=
I
2,(�) (tan8)+(36)= � = n:(8),/82 +4Z+2it(4)2
.
360°-2 5 cos8
(
(ii) Vol of water through pipe in l second -/ii =325 (cm2, nearest cm2)
=n:(0.125)2(3) = 0.046875it (m3 )
Vol of water pumped in 8 hours
sma:= a ° ')
180 -5 n:
12fitan8+36= �
cos8 (c) Incre ase=2x (.6.+semi�circle)
[8x8>(4)'] o o
= 0.046875n; X 8 X 60 X 60 3 =2 x 2 +- - = 114 (cm·, nrst cm·)
(b) Required ratio= n AB =---= 1.98: l (3 s.f.)
. . majorAfi 360 ° -ex fitan8+3 = - - 2
=1350n: = 4241 (m3 , nearestm3 ) a cos8
mi o r
(iii) Vol of water remaining after 8 hours lSB.13 HKCEEMA !998-1 I lSB.18 HKCEEMA 2009 - I - 13
= 6000-1350n:= 1758.8499 (m3 )
{2 +6)x3
✓
S ince the cross-section right-angled L'l.s are similar, 15B.9 HKCEEMA 1994 I 10 Volume= -- - - x 8 =96 (cm3 J (a) (i) Capacity= .!_it(12)2(18) =864it (cm3J
1758.8499
4000
hm 2
=( ) ::;, h=
8m
l758.8499
4000
x8
(a) Vol of water= n:(2)2(1.5)=6n: (m3 ) 2
(ii)B y .6. s =
! 18-6
�
l2
(b) n:(2)2h = ;it(0.6)3 lSB.14 HKCEEMA 1999 I 13_ ~ , u '""'"Ts" 6L_1
= 5.3 (I d.p.) 4 l X=8 X
'"
n: 0 5)3 (a) Capacity of hole= r•(5) 3x +n:(5)2 (9-5)
h= j { - =0.072 2 l2
550
Capacityof hole= n: (cm 3 ) 9
�� (c) (i) )'{ef(2,- J.5) - �,3 3
h =4
�� 1 (b)By~.6.s, Vol of frustum=864it - j n:(8)·(12
o I

·:[7
2r -1.5= r3 ⇒ 2r-'-12r+9=0 h+10 9 3
3 9h=4h+40 =608it(cm3 )
ISB.6 HKCEEMA 1990 I 11 h=8 (b) (i) Cap of cylinder=it(8)2(10)=640it (cm3)
:. Vol ofwa1er inthefrustumpar t
(a) (i) S=2xr2+2n:rh lSB.10 HKCEEMA 1995 I 13
= 884it-640n: = 244it (cm3J
(ll-·)v= Jtr ::;, h = V2
0 I
itr (a) Volof water= n:(6)2(12)=144n: (cm3 ) Vol of frustum= }n:(9)2 (10+8)-½ it(4)2 {8)
�~�
Suppose the depth of water in the frustum is z cm.
h

3 z+I2_y

f
2V (b) Consider (the cross-section of) the entire conical vessel and 12
S = 2n:r2+2n:r(-"._,) =2xr2+ 1330 18
n:r· r (the cross-section of) the part of the conical vessel inside
the cylindrical vessel.
=
1330
3
550
n: (cm3)
-
y= cz+I2) TI .lx:Y•··/
.
6 = 4 Vol ofwood= -,-it- it= 260n: (cm3 ) 3 l8
15B.7 HKCEE MA 1991 -I- 11 - - ⇒ ll�d=8 ::;, d=3 T
OA 40 I
12 ll�d
244it= ½Y( z+I2)-256it 1
(a ) B y~&, (c) (i) Vo! leaked= Vol of water in cylindrical vessel 15B.IS HKCEEMA2002 I 15
0A+60 =so 2 = n:(4)2 (3) =48n: (cm3 ) 0

(a) (i) Total volof water= }n:(9)2(24) = 648n: (cm3 ) 500it= ½n:G(z+12)r (z+l2)
.
20A =0A+60
OA =60 (cm)

(ii)rn+rn rn
Vol ofwater remained in cone=648itx
("+')'
z"4" 500 = �(z+ 12 ) 3

G)
Q 3 (z+I2)3=3375 ⇒ z+l2=15 ⇒ z=3
In Figure (2), ADA' =Base 0ce of bucket 2 = 64it(h+S)' Hence, dept h of water in vessel is 10+3 = l3 (cm).
104n:+ ½it (h) = n:(4)2 (3 +h)
= 2n:(40+2) =40n: (cm) (ii ) Cap of vessel= 640n:+608it= 1248n: = 3920 (cm3)
LAOA1 1248+h3 = 192(3+h) �n:(h+5)3 =648n:- it(6)2h
x2n:(OA) =40it Vol ofwate r+metal = 884n:+ 1000 =3777 (cm3 )
3600 h3-192h+672=0 (h+5)3 = 13824-768h < Cap of vessel
40 h3 + 15h2 +?Sh+ 125 = 13824-768h :. NO.
LAQ.,, n: 360° - 1'-0°
,.,, = 120n: h3 + 15h2 +843h - 13699 = 0
lSB.19 HKCEEMA ?Oll I 13 15C Similar plane figures and solids ISC.6 HKCEE 1v1A 2000 l 8 lSC.11 HKCEEMA2007 I-11
288Q Actual area=220cm 2x(5000)2
x :rr( ox)2 = 2880:rr ⇒ ox= 60 (mm) (,) Method 1 18

J.C7
(a)
= 5 500000 000cm 2 =550000m 2
3600 15C.I HKCEEMA198l(l/2/3)-I-l x 8 1
By~ b.s, J.8 24
- ?88Q
(b) XYZ =; Q x2:rr(60) =96:rr (mm)
3
S.A.ofbiggerta n k

l ,ty
x=6
60
Base radius of container= ,r = 48 (mm)
96 S.A. of smaller tank (��,)' V 27 lSC.7 HKCEE MA 2002 - I- 6
1

(±,)'
2, Paint for biggertank Method I Vol ofwater= ,r(6) 2 (8)
=> Height of container=v'6IF-481 = 36(mm)
3
72 kg (a) Newradius=8x(l+10%)=8.8(cm) =96,r (cm3)
(c) Ca p of container=�,r(48)2{36) = 86859 mm3
. . 16 New area= ,r(8.8)2 = 77.44,r (cm 2)
(£)
Prunt for bigger tank= x 72=128(kg) Method2
= 86.859 cm 3 <
9 (b) Origi nal area=it(8)2=64it (cm 2) 3
77.44it-64:ir Volofwater= Volofvessel
:. YES. %increase = xl00%=21%
I I
64it
lSC.2 HKCEEMA l987(A/B)-1-9 Method2 = ?.7 X 31t(l8) 2(24) =961!: (cm 3
lSB.20 HKDSEMA SP- I- 6
(a) (i) 108,r = Volof hemisphere x 6 (a) Origina l area=n:(8) 2 = 64n:(cm2) (b) (i) Method 1
N ew area=64n: x (1+10%)2 =77.44,r (cm 2) Area ofwet surface =tc(6)�=60it (cm 2 )
½)
108:rr= [1:rr(r)3 +2] x6

(I,j:)
(a) ½:rr,2(12) =2X (;,r,3 X (1+10%) 2 -1 Method2 2
108n=4n:r3 => r=3 (b) % incre ase= xl00%=21%
4 3 1 Area ofwet swface = C.S.A. of vessel
4:rrr=
� :rrr => r= 3
3 Vol of cylindric al pan=¾(108n:) lSC.8 HKCEEMA 2002-I-ll 1
= x 1r(l8)V182+242
2
(b) Volume= :rr(3) 3 x3=54:rr(cm 3 ) :rr(3)2(h) = 90n: => h= 10 (a) LetA=hP+kP2• 9
3 (ii) Vol of water= 108it- Volof empty space 36=24h+576k h=-i => A -5P+�p2 =60n(cm 2)
= 108n:-it(3)2(4) = 69it (cm 3) {
9=18h +324k =>-
{
k=i -
=
2 6 (ii) Ratioofhei ghts=24:36 = 2:3
Height of vessel Ratio ofbase radii = 18: 27 = 2: 3
lSB.21 HKDSEMA 2012-I-9 (b) 2 -5 1 : . The two vessels are similar.
Depth ofwater (b) (i) 54= P+ p2
P 2- ISP-324= 0 => P = 27 or -12 (rejected)
Volume 1020 2
2 =8
(a) Base area= = = 102(cm2J Cap of vessel 3
6
.·. Area of wet surface is also 60it cm2.
Height 10 Volofwater
(6+AD) x 12 .·. The perimeter is 27 cm.
102 => AD = 11 (cm) Cap of vessel= 8x 69n:=552,r (cm 3 J Area of miniature 8 4
54 27
2 (ii)
(b) Perimeter of base= 11+12+6+ J{ll-6)2+ 122 Areaoforiginal lSC.12 HKCEE MA 2008 I 13
Perimeterofminiature 2 - 216°
=42 (cm) 15C.3 HKCEEMA1992-l-12 (a) ABC= x2it{20) =24:rr(cm)
:::;, Perimeter of original v'Yf 3600
T.S.A.=2 x 102+42 x 10 = 624(cm 2)
Perimeter of miniature = � x 27 ofX = ,r = 12 (cm)
'
(a) (i) Cap offun nel=tn(9)2(10+5+5) =540n: (cm 3)
(ii) V of water: Total v of water & oil:Cap of funn el v27
:. Base radius
24
2,
=2./27(cm) (=6v'3cm) Height=�=16 (cm)
lSB.22 HKDSEMA ?012 I P =(10) 3 : (10+5)3 : {10+5+5) 3
=8:27:81 lSC.9 HKCEE MA 2003 I 13 I
(b) VolofX = n:(12)2 (16) =768n:(cm 3)
(a) Volof cone= ½tc(48) 2 (96)=73728,r(cm 3) Vof water: V of oil: Cap offunnet x" 3
=8: (27-8): 81 =8: 19: 81 (a) (i) x2:rr(56+24)=30it ⇒ x=67.5 (c) Method 1 1080 x 2x(l0)
(b) (i) Volofmilk=1it(60) 3 +2=144000x(cm3) 3600 lii[jo
� 8 160 6 5 Base radius of Y = 3 (cm)
.\ (b) V of water= j40n:x 81 = n: (cm3) (ii) Area ofABCD = 7· " X I,r Iso)�' - n:I56) 'I 2,
(ii) In the figure, d=v'6ol -4g1 =36
'
3 3600 Slant height of X 20
= 612:ir (cm 2)

( 24(8)
e 96-d i '-. In the tube, �2
. 4 " Slant height of Y 10
V of water m lower part= 1r(3f +2 = !Sit(cm3 )
48e=
6 { Base radius ofX � = Slant height ofX
= 6; 96 _:.:d '-\ 3 (b ) (i) Area of EFGH = 612,rx =344.25:ir (cm 2) 4 =/=
96
x48=30 . 160 106 Base radius of Y 3 Slant height of Y
:::;, V ofwaterm upper part=
3 n:-18n:=3n:(cm )
3
/ i\ 18
/ e \ 106 n: (:;)
" B ase0••=3 0nx =22.51r(cm) :. NO.
187 2-4
Method I /-·----- . -. Depthofwater = J; 2+3= (cm) 22.5,r Metlwd2
:. Vol ofpart °fcone inmilk,{.... d ) 27 => r=- - =11.25 ?!60
a.
6 0 \ Vol ofoil 19
2, Base 0ce of X =; Q x 2tc(20) =24,r (cm 2)
i 60
Cap of funnel 81
= 73728,r- it(30)2(60) 48 (c) lSC.10 HKCEEMA 2006-l 13 108°
3 Base 0 ce ofY = 360° x2it(l0) =6it (cm 2)
= 73728:ir-18000it = 55728,r (cm 3
) Depth of oil /T9 (a) By~b.s,
h
=
3 I
Volof milk remaining = 144000it - 55728it Height of funnel V 81 h+8 g=z Slant height of X 20
h =2
Method 2 2h=h+8 :::;, h=8 Slant height of Y 10
Height ofcone outside milk 96-36 5 => Deplhof01.l=y/T9x20=9.69(cm,3s.f.) � { Base 0ce of X 24n: Slant he'.ght ofX
81 . . Volof frustum 3 4 -:;f
Height of the whole cone 96 8 Base 0ce ofY 6it Slant height of Y
=½x(6)2(8+8)-½(3)2 (8) 8
Vol of pan ofcone in milk NO.
= 192it-24:rr=168it (cm 3 )
=73728:irx [1-(i) 3 3
] =55728:rr(cm )
15C.4 HKCEEMA l994-l-2(e)
3
4
=> Vol of X =168n+ n:(6) 3 -:-2 == 312n: (cm3)
3
6 Method 3
?f6 Q
C.S.A. of X = ; Q x x(20)2 =240,r (cm 2J
Hence Ratio ofvolumes=(¾) =8:27 3 3
60
VolofY S.A.ofY 108Q
Volofmilk remaining= 144000Jt- 55728n = =(·® =!!_ C.S.A. off=36ifo" x it{10)2 = 30,r (cm 2)
= 88272,r cm3 VolofX � S.A.ofX V4) 8
7 SlantheightofX 20
=277000 cm3 15C.5 HKCEEMA 1997-I 7 => VolofY = i(312it) = 1053,r (cm 3 ) =2
Slant height ofY 10
=0.277 m 3 < 0.3 m3 '/8 2 (b) Ratio ofS.A. of spheres=(I: 2)2 =I: 4
{
C.S.A.of X 240it f Slant height of x '
.·. The craftsman is disagreed. (a) Required ratio= y = =8 ( )
TI 3 :;f4:9 C.S.A. of Y 30it Slant height of Y
:. NO NO.
""15B.23 in the end of 15C

355
 Merhod4 15C.I6 HKDSE MA 2014 I 14 15C.18 HKDSE MA 2017-I-12 *"15B.23 HKDSE MA 2020 • I- 12
Reflex LAOC ,t. LDPF (a) Volume of metal= 84 x 20 = 1680 (cm3 J
The sectors are not similar. 3 12"
Vol of smaller pyramid (· f!\ 8
=> Area of sector OABC #: ( OA ) ' =
Vol of larger pyramid V 9} 27
AreaofsectorPDEF PD
* C.S.A.ofX # SlantheightofX ' Vol of larger pyramid= 1680 x ...'!!.__ = 1296 (cm3 )
8+27
=700,r cm"

(¾J-(½J]
( )
C.S.A. ofY Slant height off �. � (b) For the larger pyramid,
3 x Volume 3 x 1296 , The required <:Uflledsud'ace area= ,r{l5).J1s' +36' [
NO.
Base area= = ---iz=324 (cm-)
Height 2
=195,r<;m
(a) Method 1 => Length ofone side ofbasc = vfil = 18 (cm)
C.S.A. of entire cone= n(72)V722 +962 = 8640n (cm2 ) => Height of each latcral-facc 6. = ,j 12 2+ ( 18 "C' 2)2
With the: label in the fih'llrc. = !5(cm)
lSC.13 HKCEE MA 2010 I l3 C.S.A. of T : C.S.A. of 'I+ ff : C.S.A. of 'I+ II+ ill' 18 X 15
T.S.A. = 324+4 x --
16xJJ7i-(J6+ 2) 2 = ((96- 60): (96-60+28): 96)
2
2
(a) Areaof6AJJC 120(cm2)
2 =(9: 16: 24) 2 = 81: 256: 576
(b) Vol ofABCDEF = 120 x 20 = 2400 (cm3 ) Areaof wet curved surface= 8640nx
256-81 Hence, for the smaller prd.
Area of MPQ (PQ)' I � 9
(c) ( i) = = 2625n (cm-) T.S.A. = 864 x
Areaof6ABC BC 16 4
I Method2 =384(cm2)
Vol ofAPQRES = 2400 x = 150 (cm3) With the label in the figure,
l6

w
(ii) Method I Base: radiusof 'I' Base radius of 'I+ II' 72 1SC.19 HKDSE MA 2018-I- 14
PQ � P 96-@ %-@+D � (a) Vol of water= J't'(8)2(64) = 4096n (cm3 )
= but AE=l # Q
BC 4' AE BC => Base rof'I'=27(cm), Baserof'I+II'=48(cm) (b) Method 1 20
:. NO. Area of wet curv ed surface= n(48)V48- + 64�
By~ 6.s. 6Q = 2Q
1,Q hod/ -n(27)V27�+361
= = 2625n (cm2 ) h=3r
ac 4 (b) Merhod J I ' 60,
Vol of APQRES 150 I (PQ)' nrh = 4096n
Vol of ABCDEF 2400 J6 =f. BC Vol of entire cone:= ½n(72)2(96)= 165888n (cm3 ) 3
I
:. NO. 16 3 -93 n?(3r) = 4096n
Vol of water= 165888nx -W-- 3
?=4096 => r=16
=40404n (cm3 ) Hence, the depth of water is 3(16) = 48 (cm).
= 126933 cm3 = 0.127 m3 > 0.1 m3
.·. YES. Method2
lSC.14 HKDSEMA2012 I 11
Method2 Cap of vessel= jlt'{20) 2(60) = 8000J't' (cm3)
(a) LetC=h+kA. l l
62=h+2k {h=56 Vol of water= n(48)2(64)- 1t(27)2(36) Depthof water= x Height of vessel
3 3
{ => => C=S6 + 3A VS000J't'
14=h+6k k=3 =40404n(cm ) 3
4
:. When A= 13, cost=56+3(13) = ($)95 = 126933 cm3 =0.127 m3 > 0.1 m3 = x60=48(cm)
s
(b) Volume is8times. => Area is (,1/8) 2 =4times. :. YES. 4 2
(c) Vol of sphere= n(14)3 = 3658 n (cm3 )
Cost= 56 +3(13 x4) = ($)212 3 3
Vol of empty space in vessel
= ½n(20)2(60)-4096n = 3904n > Vol of sphere
:. NO.
lSC.17 HKDSE MA 2016 I 11
(a) Let V cm3 be the final volume of milk. 15C.20 HKDSEMA2019-I-9
Initial volume of milk
= (Initial depth of milk)' (a) Method l
Let the radii of the smaller and larger spheres be r cm and
Fmal volume of milk Final depth of milk
15C.15 HKDSE MA 2013 I 13 V -444n 12 3 27 2r cm respectively.
* --v-= 16 ( )
= 64
=> V=768n 4 4
J't'(r) 3 + n(2r)3 = 324n
(a) (i)
i=v1=5
(ii) Let H cm be the height of a larger cylinder.
.·. The final volume of milk is 768n cm3 .
J 3
?+8?=243 a,;> ?=27 => r=3
(b) Let r cm be the final radius of the milk surface. 4
2 x rcR2H = 27 x 1C?-(10) Vol oflarger sphere= n(2 x 3? = 288n (cm3 )
2 X {91rr2)H = 27 X :it"?-(10) ½J't'?(I6) =768n => r = 12 3
18H=270 => H=l5 Method2
Final area of wet surface= n(12) v'( 12)2 + 162 �larger sphere Rof larger sphere
Hence, the height is 15 cm. =240n ( ) �8
Height of smaller cylinder V of smaller sphere R of smaller sphere
(b) = 754.0 (cm2) < 800 cm2 8
Height of larger cylinder = .!.£_
15 = �
3 1- !:..
R :. NO. Voflargersphere=324nx =288n(cm3 )
NO. l+8
(b) Rof larger sphere=�= 6 (cm)
Sum ofS.A. =4n(6) 2 +4n(6"0'2)2 = 180n (cm2)

358
 16 Coordinate Geometry 16B.8 HKCEE MA 2004 I 13 168.11 HKCEE MA 2007 I 13
(2+8 9+1) -4
(a) (i ) E=mid-ptofAC= - -,2 =(5,5) (a) EqnofAB: y-3=3( x -IO) =} 4x+3y-49=0
16A Transformation in the rectangular 16B Straight lines in the rectangular coordinate 2
9-1 4 3 (b) Putx=4 ⇒ y=ll ⇒ h=ll
coordinate plane plane (ii) m;1c = 2 = -3 ⇒ mon = 4
-8 (c) (i) (Since .6ABC is isosceles, A should lie 'above' the
16A.l HKCEE MA 2006 I 7 16B.l HKCEEMA1992 I 5 :. EqnofBD: y-5= (x-5) ⇒ 3x-4y+5=0 mid-point fo BC.)
( ) A'= (7,2), B' = (5,5)
a 1 4 k+lO
⇒ k =-2=4
(a) mt,i = ⇒ mL1 = -2 -- I
(b) (i) Method 2
Z --1

t:;��;:;5=�t
(b) AB=J (-2+5}1+(7-5)2=v'i4 {l0+2)(ll-3) 4
:. Eqnof l1: y-5 = -2(x-10) ⇒ 2x+y-25 = 0 m,w 7= (ii) Area of .6ABC 8
A 1B' = ,j(7-5)Z+(2-5)2= v'f4=AB 2
.·. YES -1 1
AC= V(4+2) + {11-3)2 = 10
y = (9 7 ⇒ BC: y-l= (x-8) ⇒ x+7y-15=0
(b) ⇒ (x, ) , ) T 2 x Area of 6ABC ::_ 8
Method 2 BD
16A.2 HKCEE MA 2009 I 9 16B.2 HKCEEMA 1998 I 8 AC 5
LetBCbe x+7y+K=0.
(a) A1 =(-l,4), B'=(-5,2 ) 4-1 3 PutC: ( 8)+7(1)+K=0 ⇒ K=-15
(a) mAB =
2+2 2 4-2 I 0+2 = 2 :. EqnofBCis x+7y-15=0. 168.12 HKCEE MA 2008 I 12
(b) mAB = 5+I = 3' mA'B' = -1+5 = 2 f-mAB
(b) Requiredeqn: y-3=�(x-1) ⇒ 2x+3y-11=0 B 4y+5=0 (a) B=(-3,4), C=(4,-3)
.·. NO (ii) { D:3x- ⇒ B=(l,2)
=, BC:x+7y-15=0 4 -3
AB= ✓(2-l).i+(9-2)1 =v50
16B.3 HKCEEMA 1999 I 10 (b) mos = _ , moc= f.moo
16A.3 HKCEE MA 2011 I 8 3 4
(,) - - 8+16 8-4 ~ ' ,·, NO
-4-6 6-4
(a) B=(-6,-4), M= (�•2 ) =(-5,l) M- ( 2 ' 2 ) - (4,- ) -1
(c) mcn=-=1
12 1 m,c
I mAo = _
24 =-z
:=> mt = 2 168.9 HKCEE MA 2005 I 13 :. EqnofCD: y+3= l(x-4) ⇒ x-y-7=0
(b) moM=_ , mNJ=5 :. Eqnofe: y- 2=2(x-4) ⇒ 2x-y-6=0 (a) A=(-2,0), B=(0 ,4)
5 -_- Dis translated horizontally from A,
moM-mAB=-1 (b) Puty=0intoeqnoff, ⇒ x=3 ⇒ P=(3,0) -1 ,·. y-coordinate of D=y--coordinateofA= 3
OM..lAB (b) mL1 =2 ⇒ mL2= z
BP= y1(16-3)2+(-4-0)2 = -/f85 PutintoeqnofCD ⇒ x = IO ⇒ D=(l0,3)
16A.4 HKDSE MA SP- I (c) N=(-\
+ 3,�)=(-f,4) -1
:. EqnofL2: Y = zx+4
(c) C=(8,0)
(a) A1 = {5,2), A"=(2,5) 2 16B.13 HKCEE MA2010 I 12
OC:AC=8: (8+2) =4 :5
5 -3 MN=)(3+f) +(0-4)2 =f¥.= � y-24 1 8-24 3
(b) moA" = 2' mAA' = 7 Areaof ,6.ODC: Area of 6ABC= 16: 25 (a) Eq nofAB: = _ _ = ⇒ 3x-4y+78=0
⇒ Areaof ,6.ODC: Area ofOABD = 16: (25-16) x- 6 2 6 4
-15 16B.4 HKCEEMA2000-I-9
mo1111mM, = g f= -1 4-0 2 =16:9 (b) LetC= (x,0).
(a) mL = - 4- 6 =-5 -1 -4
OA" is not perpendicular to AA'. mAC =
mAB = 3
(b) EqnofL: y-0=-�(x-6) ⇒ 2x+5y-l2=0 24-0 = -4
16A.5 HKDSEMA2014 1-8 16B.I0 HKCEEMA2006-I-12 '9 x=24 :::;,- C=(24,0)
� 3
(a) P' = (5,3), Q' = (-19,-7) (c) Pu1x=0 ⇒ y=¥ ⇒ c=(o,¥) (a) M= (4,4) (c) AB=J(24-1S).i+(6+2).i=10
-12 IO 5 1
(b) mpQ = -,-, m P'Q' = 14 = 12 (b) mAB =z :::;, mcM=-2 AC= V(24-6)2+(0- 24)2=30
16B.5 HKCEE MA 2001 I 7 = 10 x 30

�=�= 1
mpQmP'Q' = -1 (a) A=(-1,5), B=(4,3)
:. EqnofCM: y-4=-2(x-4) '9 2x+y-12=0 . ·. Area of 6ABC
2
= 150
PQ..lP'r;f Hence,puty=0 ⇒ C=(6,0)
5
(b) EqnofAB: Y- =
5-3
x+I -1-4 -5
=2_
(c) (i) EqnofBD: �-=-�=;
=>- 4x-5y-8=0
( d)
BD Area of 6ABD
=
DC Area of6ADC
⇒
r 90
'f = 150-90
*r=l.5
16A.6 HKDSE MA 2017 -I- 6 -5{y-5)=-2( x+l):::;, 2x+5y-23=0
(a) A'= (-4,-3), B' = (9,9) i CM:2x+y-12=0 � �
16B.6 HKCEE MA2002 I - 8 (i ) { ⇒ K= ( )
13 12 BD:4x-5y-8=0 7' 7 16B,14 HKCEE AM 1982 IT 2
(b) fflAB = ll' mA'B' = l3 (a) x-2y=-8 ⇒ ....::_+z.=l Method 1
- -8 4 Method I
Aa
m mA 'B' = -I A=(-8,0), B=(0,4) Area of 6AMC y--coor of M 4 7 --- y-1 -1-1 -1
AB .lA'B' EqnofAB: = = '9 x+2y-1=0
-8+0 0+4
(b) Mid-ptofAB=(�'2) =(-4,2)
Area of D.AKC y-coor ofK lf- = 4 x+l 3+} 2

16B. 7 HKCEE MA 2003 I 12

Merhod2
Areaof6AMC MC y1(4-6)2+(4-0)2
.
LetPbetheptofdivision. {
x+2y-1=0
x-y-1=0
* P= (1,0)
3- 0 -3 Areaof6AKC KC ) (6-¥)2+(0- lf-)2 -l l)r
(a) moc = _ = LetAP:PB=r:1 ⇒ 0= +( =.c.=..!-. =::> r=l
0 2 2 ;,/20 7 r+I r+l
-3 2 = , ·, The required ratio is 1 ; I.
(b) mAf' = -17z=3 = V@ 4
4V" Method2
Method 3
:. EqnofAP: y-0=j(x+I) ⇒ 2x-3y+2=0
⇒ 16 s(4)+r(O) ::.=..!.)
Let the point ofdivisionbe P, and AP: PB=r; I.

= H=(o,¾) LetMK:KC=r:s = 3+(-l)r -l+(l)r ) � 3-r

(c) (i) Putx=0 ⇒ y=j 7 � P� (
r+l ' r+l
(
r+l'r+l
16r+l6s=2Ss If Plies onx-y-1 = 0,
j-0 -I 3-0 = -1 r:s=12:16=3:4 3 1
(i)i mHo = - = 3, mAc = 3= Area of .6AMC MC 7 ( -')-('- )-1�0 a> ,�1
o 2 o+1 mHo r+l r+l
HB J_AC Areaof6AKC = KC = 4 :. The required ratio is I; L
Hence the 3altitudes of 6ABC are CO, AP and HB,
all passing through H.

359 360
16B.15 HKCEEAM 1982 II JO 16B.17 (HKCEEAM 1984-II-4) 16B.21 (HKCEEAM 1998- II - 5) 16C Circles in the rectangular coordinate plane
, 3x-2y-8=0
( ) { => P=(4,2) ⇒ (x,y)=(2+p,2-p) 16C.l HKCEE MA 1980(1/3 l) B 15
x-y-2=0
(a) Puly=O ⇒ x2-10x+l6=0 => x=2or8
EqnofL 1: y-2=!( x-4) => x+2y-8=0 (b) y-intercept of L i = 4, y-intercept of L2 = -2p O A= (2,0). B= (8,0)
2 [4-(-2p)}(2+p) (b) EqnofL: y -
. •. Areao ff'::,_= x-0 Putx=O ⇒ y2+8y+l6=0 ⇒ y = -4
Eqnofl,z; y-2 = 2(x-4) => 2x-y-6=0
2 T = (0,-4)
9 =(2+p)2 ⇒ p=-5orl
16B.22 HKCEE AM 2005 -6 (b) (i) mm = ���=½
y
k,whcnp=-5 (a) tan8=mL1 =-1 :. EqnofAC: y-0= (x-1) -⇒ x-2y-2=0
(b) LOQP=8 ⇒ LQOP=180 ° -28 z
·. EqnofL2: y=xtanLQOP=xtan(l80° -28) {x2 +y2-10x+8y+l6 =0
¼_whcnp=I (ii)
= -xtan20 x-2 y -2=0
16B.16 (HKCEEAM1985-II-10)
2une (2y+2)2 +T- 10(2y+2) +Sy+ 16 = 0
(a) Met!wd 1 -Use collinearity of points = -x· 1-tan2 e sy2-8y =0
LetR- (r,h) and S - (s,h) = - · 2(-2)
h 2-0 h X
mRC = mAc => r-l =o=-i =} r=l-z 1-(-2)2
8 26
h 2-0 16B.18 HKCEEAM 1988-II-2 Puty==s ⇒ x=5 =>
msB = mAB => s+3 =0+3 => s=zh-3 � 7k+l 4k+2
(a) P ( )
s�Gh-3,h), R�(,-�,h) k+l' k+l
(b) WhenPlieson7x- 3y-28 =0, 16B.23 (HKCEE AM 2009-3)
Method 2 - Use eqns of straight lines 7k+ 1 -, 4k+2
-
7(
k+l
) (
k+l
) _28 = O {L1 :x-2y+3 = 0 ' 7) 16C.2 HKCEE MA198l(l/3)-I-13
Eqn ofAB: y -O = Z O => 2x-3y+6=0 P= (
x+3 0 +3 7(7k+ l)-3(4k+2)-28(k+ I)= 0 I..i:2x-y-l=0 ⇒ 3'3 (a) x2+J==l52 ⇒ x2+y2-225=0
Puty=h => x=½h-3 => S=(½h-3, h) 9k-27=0 ⇒ k=3 Method I (b) OP=_!!!_=..E!._= -15-=25
:. Theratiois3: l. x y sinLOPT sin8 �
EqnofAC:
y-O Z-O
= => 2x+y-2=0
Let theeqn of L be 'a+ a= 1, wherea> 0. J +4J.
x-1 0-1 Plie sonL (c) P=(25,0)
Puty=h =? x=I-� => R=(l-�,h) 16B.19 HKCEEAM 1990 -II- 7 Gl +(D-, ⇒
,-•
:. EqnofTP: y-0= (x-25) => 3x-4y-75=0
4
(d) By geometry, OCPT is a rectangle.
Method 3-Use similar triangles Merhod I -Use algebra to find D R equiredline: i+�=l ⇒ x-+y-4=0 . 3
1.e. EqnofOC: y= x
P
!::,.BSP~MA.0 => �=B => BP=�h
X y
EqnofAB: + =1 ⇒ 5x+3y-15=0 4
2 3 2 3 5 Method 2
3
--'4�---
(e) LetC=(h,k). Then k= h
x-coordinateofS=-3+½h => S= (½h-3,h ) Are a of L':,QAB = � = � ⇒ Area of 6BCD = � LetLbe y-i=m(x-i) => 3mx-3y+7-5m=O
2 2 4
Let D = (h, k). Then 5 7 7-5m 15=CP"= J(h-25)2+(¾11)2
6AOC~6RQC => 3_=..!_ . ⇒ QC""� ⇒ x-intercept= m- _ y-intercept=
h QC 2 5h+3k-15=0 3m 3
5m-7 7-5m 225 = �h?--5011+625
x-coordinateofR=l-� => R=(l-1, h)
{ 15 (5 -l)h
4 = � = 211 ⇒ --r,;- = �,- ⇒ 5m-7=-m(5m-7)
7 '12 -3211+256=0 ⇒ h = 16 ⇒ C=(l6,12)
Merhod 2- Use ratios of areas to find D m=5or-l Hence, eqn of circl e is (x-16)2 + (y- 12) 2= 152
(b) RS=(i-3)-Gh-3)=4-2h 15 3
Area of L':,OAB = 2' OA = 2; 6 CD = 4
15 7 _ x2+y2-32x-24y+ 175 = 0
When PQR.S is a square, � �5 However, when m=5,L becomes 7x-5y= 0, which has zero
:
4 � 16 ⇒ AreaofMCD=-----=- x- and y-intercepts. Rejected.
PS = RS => h=4-2h => h= => A1 = h·=
:3 9 2 4 2 4 :. EqnofLis: 3(-l)x-3y+7-5(-l)=O ⇒ x+y-4=0
Area o f PQRS= h(4-2h) = -2(h2 -2h) BD Areaof L':,BCD l_t 5

2x4
=-2(h-l)2 +2 => A2=2
⇒
DA Are a of .6.ACD = =3 T 16C.3 HKCEEMA1982(1) I- 13
(a) c:x2+y2-t4y+40=0 ⇒ x2+(y-7} 2 =32
A3 = �=4 D� (3(0)+5(3) 3(5)+5(0)) � � � 16B.24 HKCEEAM2010-6
( ) Centre= (0, 7), Radius=3
16 5+3 ' 5+3 8' 8
Li :x-3y+7=0 ,
A1 :A2 :A3 = 9 :2:4= 8 :9: 18 ⇒ (x y)= (5 ,4)
4 -3

.
{ (b) m1.= 3 ⇒ m v =4
L2:3 x-y -ll""O
(h h y-1 1t-1 y-1 4-1 -3
(c) M=01.1d-ptof PR= -1, ) EqnofCD: ----­
- ⇒ 7x-15y+l5 = 0 :.Eqnofrequiredline: x = _ =1 ⇒ x-y-1=0 .-.Eqn of L': y =
x+7
2 2 x- 0 ¥-0 -15 -2 5 2 4
i.e.x=�-1. y=� L:4x-3y-4=0
2 2 (c) { 1 -3 ⇒ (x,y) = (4,4)
Putintox-y+l =0: L :y=4x+7
LHS = (�-1 )-G) +l=0=RHS 16B.20 (HKCEEAM 1996-ll-8) (d) Distance between centreof C and (4,4 )
= J(0-4)2+(7-4)1=5
Mliesonx-y+l=O L1:2x-y-4=0 => Shortest dist= 5 - radius= 2
{
�:x-2y+4=0
⇒ ( , )=(4 ,4 )
xy �
- 4-0
.·. Eqnofrequiredline: y O = ⇒ y=x �(4,4)
x-0 4-0

"' '"
16C.4 HKCEEMA I983(A/B)-I-9 16C.7 HKCEEMA 1986(A/B)-I-8 16C.11 HKCEEMA 1990 I 8 16C.14 HKCEEMA 1993-1 8
(a) LetB=(b,O). x2+y2-6x-8y=0 (a) (Ci):(x-1)2+(y+3)2=32 - 2-7 - -l ⇒ x+2y-14 = 0
(a) L1 : y-? -
'-0 (, ) { Centre=(l,-3), Radius -3 x-O I0-0- 2
l=mAB=;_ cc> b=6 cc> B=(6,0) y-x-6=0
6 (b) Requir ed distance= V;(l;_:::;,);'�+�-
(� �,�-�0")'2 - S > 3 -1
⇒ x2+(x+6)2-6x-8(x+6) =0 (b) m0.= -=r =2
(b) Let C = (c.O). Since MBC is isosceles,Alies ·above' the :. Ou tside
mid-point of BC. 2x2-2x-l2=0
(c) (i) s = 5-3 = 2 :. Eqno fL,;: y-0=2(x-4) =;,- 2x-y-S=O
c+6 x = 3o r -2
2=8 ⇒ c=IO ⇒ C=(IO,O) y=9o r 4 (ii ) EqnofC2: (x-5)2+(y-0)2=22 x+2y-14=0
{2x-y-S=O ⇒ D = (x,y)=(6, 4)
y-0 = 2-0 8=(3,9), C=(-2,4) => x2+y2 -10x+21=0
(c ) EqnofAC: ⇒ y=-x+JO (b) Puty=O ⇒ x=Oor6 ⇒ A=(6,0) (d) (O) k O) 1(7)+k(2) - !Ok 7+2k
x-lO S -IO (c ) P= (l + (I ) ( )
D = (0,10) Putx=O ⇒ y=Oor8 ⇒ D=(0,8) k+l ' k+l k+ l' k+l
AO 6 IfPlies on the circle,
(d) BD=v'6+J02=v1f36 (c) LADO=tan-1 \an-r S = 37Q (nearest degree)
6+0 O+IO
Mid"ptofBD=( - -,�) =(3,5) DO= E
[(� ) + ('+
k+ I -4]'
'.!k)' - 30
(v'TI6)2
2 . . LABO = LACO = LADO= 37° k+l
6x4 (6k-4)2+ (7+2k)2 = 30(k+1)2
.
:. Eqnofcl!'cleOBD1s. Ix-3)·+v- (d) Ar e aofMCO= = 12
10k2-80k+35=0
' ,. 5)·= ' � 2
6 5
⇒ x2+l-6x-10y= O k = 1 ±v'200 = 4± ,/ 2
Put A into the equation: l6C.S HKCEE MA 1987(A/B)- I-8 4 2
AD 6-0
LHS =(8) +(2)2-6(8)-10(2) = 0=RHS
2 (a) Eqnofl: y-0= l(x+2) =:> x- y+2=0 E =
DB 10-6 =2
A lies on the circle. (b) x-coordinate ofC=x-coordin:ue of mid-pt o fOB=2
?utx=2into£ ⇒ y=4 ⇒ C=(2,4) k < ½ ifP l e
i s betweenA and D.
(cl Let thecentre of the circle be (2,k). AP 5,jz
16C.5 HKCEEMA1984(A/B)-l-9 16C.12 HKCEEMA 1991 I 9 . = =4-
.l.2 +4=(4-k)2 i.e PB k -2-
+ =4 ' ' 3 (a) S:(x-2)2+(y-1)2=1 2
(s) {x2 f ⇒ x2+(k-x)1 =4 k'+4= 16-Sk+k- ⇒ k= :,
C=(2,l), A=(2,0)
y=k-x 2
16C.15 HKCEEMA1994-I-12
2x2-2kx+k2-4=o ... (*) ... Eqnofcircle: (x-2i2 +(y�½f = (4-D y=
(a) A=(lO,O), RadiusofC2 =7
(b) { mx
.6.=4.l.2 -8(k2-4)=0 ⇒ k=±v'B co> x2+y 2-4x-3y=0 x2+y2-4x-2y+4=0 RO = O Q RO
(b) ⇒ = 1 => RO=
(b) (i) If A(2, 0) i sone fo the intersections of C and L, 2 is a x2+ (nu-)2-4x-2(mx) +4 = 0 RA AP RO+to ? �3
x2+;,2-4x-3y=0
root of the equation (*). (d) {x-y+2 = 0 (1+m2)x2-2(2+m)x+4 =O
2(2)2-2k(2)+(2)2-4=0 ⇒ k=2 x-coo rdinate ofR= -�
6.=4(2+m) 2-16(1+m2) =O
Then(*) becomes 2x2-4x=0 ⇒ x=2or0 =;,- x2+(x+2) 2-4x-3(x+2) =O (2+m)2-4( 1 +m2)=0 OQ I -3
(c) lltQp=tanLQRO=
B=(O,k-0)=(0,2)
(ii) AB=-,/(2-0)2+(0-2)2=,/8
2x2-3x-2=0 ⇒ x=2or
I
2 3m2-4m=O ⇒ m=O(rej.)or; QR Jell'- 1' 4

v-(H+,J-G,D
c:r
2+0 0+2 ) (c) (i) LOBC=LOAC=90° (tangentproperties) (d) EqnofQP: y-O=i(x+D co> 3x-4y+5=0
Mid-ptofAB= ( ,- - = (1,1
2 2 ) LOBC+LOAC = 180Q
0, A, C and B are c oncyclic. ( opp . Ls supp.) (e) By symmetry, the other tangentis:
:. Eqnofcircleis (x-I)2 +(y-IJ 2 = 16C.9 HKCEEMA 1988 I 7 (ii) 0C=v'2.!+l2 = v'5 3
y-0= � (x+D =;,- 3x+4y+ 5=0

-:;y
2+0 I+O I
=? x2+T-2x-2y=O (a) (2,-5) Mid-ptofOC=(2,--)= (1,2)
(b) Radius ofC=x•coord inate ofcentre=2 2
v'22+51-k=2 => k = 5 :. Eqnofcircle: (x-1J2 +( y-½r = ( 16C.16 HKCEEMA1995-I-IO
16C.6 HKCEEMA 1985(A/B)-l-9 y-7 9-7 -1
(a) AB=J(2-?).!+(0-5)2-=-v50 16C.10 HKCEEMA1989 I 8 * x 2+T-2x-y = o (a) EqnofAB: = _ =
x-9 1 9 4
⇒ x+4y-37=0
2 1 5
M id-ptofAB= ( ; ,◊; ) = G,f) (a) E= (1,2)

(b {
x2+T-2x-4y-20=0 16C.13 HKCEEMA1992 I 13
. 1+9 9+7
(b) Mid-ptofAB= (- -,- - )=(5,8)
2 2
Slope of J__ bisector ofAB = 4
:. Eqnofcirc leis x-
( ')' ( 5)' (,/55)'
2 + y-
2
� x2+y2-9x-5y+l4=0
= T ) x+?y -40 = 0
=> (40-?y)2 +y2- 2 (40-1y)-4y-20=0
(a) x2+y2-18x-14y+105=0 cc:,. (x-9)2+(y-7)2=52
C = (9, 7), Radius=5
:. Eqnofl_bisectoris: y-8=4(x-5) ⇒ y=4x-12

{
4x-3y+I2=0
⇒ G = (6, l2 )
5oy2-55y+ 1500 = o (b) x2+(m.x)2 -18x-14(mx)+105=0 y=4x-12
lb) P- 4(2)+1( 7) 4(0)+1(5) -(3 l) y=5or6 (1 +m2)x2-2(9+7m)x+105 = 0
( 1+4 ' 1+4 ) ' (c) Radius=-,/(6-1)2+(12-9)2=✓34
x=5or-2 105 �
0-5 P-(-2,6). Q=(5,5) x1x2 = productof roots= :. Eqnof'6": (x-6)2+(y-l2)2=34
(c) (i) mAfJ = _ = 1-=? mHPK = -1 1+- x2+T-12x-24y+l46 =0
. ('
2 7 (c) PQ= J{-2- 5)2+(6-5)2 =v50 2 +y1 2 = Jxi·+(mx1)2
:. EqnofHPK: y-l=-l(x-3) => x+y-4=0 (c) OA = -Jx1 -x!Vl +m 1
(d) (i) Let the mid-pt of DE be (m,n). Then G is the mid-pt
(-2+5 6+5) II a
Simil rly, OB=x v'l+ m
M1d-ptof PQ"" = l
2' 2)
(,/55)'
i1-+y2-9x-5y+I4 = 0 2 of(5,8) and (m,n).
�•2 105� 5+m s+n)
( ')' ( 11)'
(ii) {
x+y-4=0 OA·OB=(1+m2)x1x2=(1+m2 )· =105 (- -,"""T"" =(6,12) ⇒ G=(m,n)=(7,16)
l+m· 2
⇒ .x2+(4-x)2 -9x-5(4-x)+14=0 :. Eqn of'ri'2: x-2 + y-2 = - 2-
(d) AB=2v'5.!_32=8 A -I
2x2-12x+ 10 =0 B (ii) mD1:: = mAB =
⇒ J.2 +y2-3x-lly +20=0 OA-(0A+AB)=105 4
x=lor5 OA2 +80A-105=0 -1
(d) Put£(1.2)into972: :. EqnofDE: y-l6= (x-7)
=> y=3or-l co> OA = -15(rej.) or? 4
LHS = (1)2 +(2)2 -3(1)-11(2)+20=0=RHS C
H=(l,3). K=(5,-l) ⇒ x+4y-57 =0
E lies on 't'2 ⇒ LEPQ = 90°

363 364
16C.17 HKCEE MA 1996 I 11 16C.20 HKCEE MA 199 9 I 16 16C.22 HKCEE MA 2001 I 17 (b) (i)
(a) (i) '6'1 :(x-0)2+(y-2)2 = 22 => x2+y2-4y=0 ( a ) (i) LBFE =LBDE (Ls in the same seg ment ) a
( ) (i) Centre= (f,o), Radius=f
(ii) B=(0,4 ) => EqnofL: y=2x+4 =LBAC (corr.Ls,AC//DE) 2
L:y=2x+4 A, F, Band C a re concyclic. :. Eqn ofOPS: (x-ff +/=(?)
( ) { '6'2:.t2+(y-2)2=25
b (converse ofLs in ht e sa me seg ment) => x2iy2-p.x-=0-
{ii) LABC = 90° {given) (ii) 'Hence'
.t2+(2x+2) 2= 25 AC is a diam eter ofcircle AFBC.
34 S(a,b) lies onthe circle
sx2 +8x-21=0 => x=-3o r
7
y=-2 or
5 * 5
{converseof Lin sem-ci rcle) => a2+b2 -pa=0 => a2+b2 =pa
7 => MisthecentreofcircleAFBC => MB=MF os2 = (a-0)2 + (b-0)2 = a2+b2
:. Q= ( ' ) , R=(-3,-2)
34
17-0 =pa Q
SS b( ) {i) mpQ = o+11 = l With the notation above, note that OA (exten ded) and
=OP·OQcosLPOQ
7-0 PB (extended) are diameter s of Ci and C2 respec­
(-4 ") = I=mpQ 'Otherwise'
(c) (i) Req.pt=mi d-ptofQR= ' mRS = _
SS
LOSP =90" (Lin semi-circle)
2+9 tively .
(ii) Req. pt=Intersectionof AQ a nd '6'1 FA=AMandMB = BG
=the pt 'P' with AP: PQ = 2: (5- 2)
.·. PQ//RS In ,0,.0PS an d D.OSR,
00no fQS·· y-l? = l
7-7 (J_ from centr e to chord bisects chord)
(ii) � => y=Sx+17 LPOS=LSOR (co=on)
- 3(0)+2G) 3(2)+2c¥))-(� Hence, FG=2AM+2MB=2AB=2p
( x-0 0+2 LORS = LOSP = 90° (proved)
2+3 ' 2+3 �)
25'25 y=Sx+l7 D.OPS ~ D.OSR (AA) (ii) M=(a,b)andFA=AM,
{
x2+y2+10x-6y+9 =0 OS OP F=(-a,b)
16C.18 HKCEEMA19 97-I- 16
x2+( 5x+ 17)2 +10x-6(5x+ 17) +9 = 0 =>oR os
= (corr. sides,~ D.s) Since D.QOP ~ D.QFGandFG = 20P, we have
(a) (i) LEAB= 90° (tangent J_ radius) 26x2 +I50x+196 = 0 OS2 =0P·OR FQ = 20Q => 0 is the mid-pt of FQ
·.· LFEA+LEAB=90°+90° = 180° 49 = OP·OQcosLPOQ => Q=(a,-b)
AB//EF (int. Ls supp.) x=-2or-
13 (b) (i) In circle BCE, LCEB = 90° (Lin semi-circle) (iii) Note h t at QM i s vertical . Thus QM .l RS.
(ii) LFDE = L.BDC (vert. opp. Ls)
= LDBC ( ba se Ls, i sos. D.) T= (-fi, s (-fi) +11) = (-fi,-�) i.e. BE is an altitude of D.AJJC.
(ii) By(a), CG2 =AC·BCcosLACB
In D.QMR and D.QMS,
QM=QM ( common)
=LFED (alt.Ls,AB//EF) (iii) Method 1 RM=SM (proved)
-17 17) Similarly, AD is an altitude of MBC by considering
LQMR = LQMS = 90 (proved )
Let the mid-pt o f PQ be N = (
°
FD=FE (si desopp.equal Ls) circleACD.
2, T . D.QMR � 6.QMS
-✓ (I')' - /289
(SAS)
(ii i ) If the circel touches AE at E, then it s centre lies on => CF2 =BC·ACcosLACB=CG2
(-17 ' => QR=QS
2) + 2 -VT
(corr. sides,� D.s)
EF.
NO- CF=CG
If ED is a chord, the centre lies on the ..l bisector of i.e. ,0,.QRS is isosceles.
ED.
. ·_ Theintersection ofthese two lines, F, i s the centre NT= (-49 .!_2)', _.!_2)2 vu
13 + 2 ' 13
(
-24
2
= {fJ65
of the circle described. Hence, NT'f'NO. 16C.23 HKCEE MA 2002 I 16
6-2 3-1
b( ) C=(2'2) =(2, 1 ) If P, Q, 0 a nd T are concyclic, the result of {a){ii) ( ) (i ) A=(c-r,O), B=(c+r,0)
b 16C.25 HKCEE MA 2004 I 16
should apply, i.e. NO =NT. Thu s they are not con­ p-0 (a) In !::.ADE a n d MOE,
= p
(-4-2 )
. FD=FE,
m,w O-(c-r) �
=
cyclic. LADE=LEBC ( altLs,OD//BC)
:. LetF= --,k =(-3,k)
Merhod2 q- 0 -q =LBOE (Lin alt segment)
2
F, D, C collinear => mFv = mcv
"
o+� 17+ n- _ -30 ....l._ m BF = O-(c+r) = r+c L.DAE=LOBE (ext. L, cy clic qua d.)
mrr·mQT = _ 49 - 43 r l
k- 3 3- 1 7 17+1j 0+TI (ii) AD.LBF :::;,- L.:::.J...=-1 AD=B0 (given)
=
-3+2 = -2-2 => k z LPTQf. 90" r-c r+c , , D.ADE9"D.BOE (ASA)
Thu s, LPTQ+LPOQ'f'90"+90"= 180", andP, pq=r-c-
i.e. OD·OF =CG 2 -0C2 (bl DE=OE (corr. sides, 8" l:;.s)
Q, 0 and Tare not concyclic. LBOE = LADE (proved)
=OG2
=LADE (base Ls, isos. 6.)
16C.19 HKCEE MA 1 998- I- 15
16C.21 HKCEE MA 2000-1-16 i.e. LAOB = 2LBOE
(a) Centre ofC2=(11,-8), R ad iu s ofC2 = 7 LBEO = LAED (corr. Ls,9" D.s)
{a) In D.OCP, LCPO = 90° (tangent .L radius)
Distbtwn the 2 centres= yl(ll-5)Z+(-8- 0)2 =10 = LAOB (ext. L, cyclic quad.)
LPCO=l80"-30"-90° (Lsum of,0,.) 16C.24 HKCEE MA 2003 I 17
Radius ofC1 =10 -7 = 3
LPQO=60"-;. 2 = 30" (L at centre twice L at 0ce) =2LBOE (prov ed )
:. EqnofC1: (x-5) 2 +(y -0)2 =32 (a) (i) In D.NPM and D.NKP, (c) Suppose OE is a diameter of the circle OAEB.
=> x2+y2-IO.x-+16=0 ( b) (i) LSOC=LP0C=30° (tangenlp roper ties) LPNM=LKNP (common)
LPQR= 180° -LPOS (opp. Ls, cyclic quad.) (i) LOBE= 90° (L i n semi-circle)
LNPM=LNKP
In 6.0BE, LBOE = 180° -90° -(2LBOE)
(b) L t tangentb ey = mx:. (L in all. segment)
: �:u. =120" LPMN=LKPN (L sum of ,0,.)
{ :::;,- L.RQO = 120° -30° = 90 ° D.NPM~D.NKP (AAA)
(L sum of 6)
x2+y2-IOx+16=0 => RQ is tangent to the ci rcle at Q. NP NK 3LBOE = 90" => LBOE=30°
=> NM = NP (c orr. sides,~ ,0,.s) (ii) 08=6 => BE=OBtanLBOE => E=(6,2v'3)
'1=100-64(l+m2)=0 => ( c onverseof tangent J_ ra dius )
I (ii) OC = v'6i +sl = IO NP2 =NK·NM OE= ....!!!_° =4\1'3
Toetangenrsa re y=± x CQ = CP= 0Csin30° = 5 (ii) RS//OP (given) cos30
Mi d-ptof OE=(3, ,/3)

1) 2
. . 6.KRM ~ !::.KON and t:.KSM ~ t;;.KPN
5
z
OC:CQ=I0:5=2:1
= RM =KM SM KM
(
c) {y fx
(x-l l)2+(y+8)2=49 =>
4x2-30x+I36=0 :. Q-(9.12)
4 -3 :::;,ON KN
and =
PN KN
:. Eqnofcircle: (x-3)2 +(y-v'3) 2 = (4
30
Sum ofrts='T=2 4 => x-cootof mid-ptofAB=l2
.
moc = => mQR =4
3 RM SM => x2+/-6x-2\1'3y=O
=> ON PN
=
-3
Eq nofQR: y-12=4(.x-9)
-I t (a),weh ave N02 =NK•NM
Similar o
=> y-coo r=z(l2)= -6 => The mid-pt= (12,-6) :::;, 3x+4y-21=0 NP=NO
Hence, RM=MS.

S65 S66
16C.26 HKCEE MA 2005 I 17 5-0 5-2 (-80+64 ) (c) (i) Ra dius=80-7=73
(iii) msG-mGH = =-3 1 (b) (i) LetP= -- -,k =(-8,k)
(a) (j) MN is a diameter (give n) -l+6 _1_0 #- 2 :. EqnofC: (x-l6)2+(y-7)2=732
LBGH¥90° => LBOH+LBGH=/-180° BP = lP
LNOM = LQRP = 90 (Linsemi-circle) =;- i!+T-32x-l4y-5024=0
(-8+380) + (k-0)2 = (-8-0)2 +(k-32)2
"'
Hence, B, 0, Hand Garenotco ncyclic. 2
( ii) If the centre of C is the in-centre of b.PQR, its dis­
In b.OQR and 6.0RP,
LROQ = LPOR = 90° (given) 5184+1.2 = 64+k2-64k+ 1024 tances to each of PR, QR and PQ would also be the
LQRO = LQRP-LPRO
k=-64 => P=(-8,-64 same(the radii of the inscribed circle).
=90 ° -LPRO
16C.28 HKCEE MA 2007 I 17 P~ (-8,-64)
From (a), the foot of ..L from centre to PR= 40, 16
LPOR = 180"-LROP-LPRO (a) (i) l is the incentre of b.ABD (given) Radiusof circleBIC= ,yl5184+(-64)2= -./§280
:. Eqn ofcircle: => Distfrom centretoPR= ( 16-40) +(7-16)
(L sum of b.) LABG = LDBG and LBAE=LCAE (x+ 8)2+(y+64)2=9280
=../657
=90° -LPRO In b.ABG and!:.i.DBG, ⇒ x2+y2+16y+l2 8y-5120 =0
Dist from centre to QR = 7 - (-48) = 56 =f. ../657
=> LQPO = LPRO LABG=LDBG (proved) (ii) Method 1
Therefore, the centre of C cannot be t he in-centre of
LRQO=LPRO (L sum of6) AB=DB (given) GB=GP
(-8+ 8o) 2 +(g-0)2 = (g+64)2
b.PQR. The claim is disagreed.
6.0QR ~ 6.0RP (AAA) BG=BG (common)
OR OP b.ABG � b.DBG (SAS) 722 +g2 =g1+ 12 8g+642 16C-31 HKCEEAM 1981 II 6
b.ABD is isosceles and LABG= LDBG g=8.5
=> OQ = OR
(corr. sides,~ b.s) (ii)
L.BGA = 90° (property of isos. 6) Q= (-8,-64+2GP) (a) C1: Centre= (o,-D, Radius=)Gr-11=';
OR2 =0P-OQ = (-8,-64+2(8.5 +64)) = (-8,81)
In b.AGI and b.ABE,
(ii) In b.MON and 6.POR,
LAG!= 90 ° = LABE (Lin semi-circle) C2: Centre=(-3,-2), Radius=V32+2l- 8=v'S
LNMO = LQRO (Ls i n the same segment)
Method2
LJAG = LEAB (proved) Let the equation of circle bei!+y2+Dx+Ey+F = O P-
-(
2(0)+1(-3) 2(-l)+l(-2)
) ( 3
LAIG = LAEB
= LRPO (proved) 1+2 ' 1+2 = -l,- )
(L sum of !:.i.) (-80)2 +02-80D+OE+F=O D=16
LMON = LPOR (proved)
b.AGI ~ b.ABE (AAA) {64 +0 +64D+OE+F=O
2 2 {
=a- E=-17
LMNO = LRQO (L sumof b.) GI BE
b.MON ~ 6.RQO (AAA ) ⇒ -=- (corr. sides,~ b.s) (-8}2 +(-64)2 -SD-64E+F=0 F=-512
AG AB :. Eqn of circle isx2 +y2+ 16x-17y-5120 = O
(b) (i ) OR=../OF75Q = .,;;:f"9=6 => R = (0,6) (b) (i) · · AG=DG
Putx=-8 :a;- y2-I7y-5184=0
(ii) Inb.POR, PR=-V4i+6i=,j52 AG= {Diameter-CD) +2
=> y=81 or-64 => Q= (-8,81) P, ���
MN = PR ./52
M =
✓r} 3✓r} = J3 = (25 x2-(25-11))+2= 18
G=(-25 + 18,0) = (-7,0) (iii) Method I c,Gb- -c,�
=-
=
ON oR => N -,--� 2 -7 +?
_ l;ir 13 msQ·miQ
81-0 81-32
=
441
-I Cb) Slope of line joining centres= I.......: =
1
(ii) By(a)(ii), Gl=¾xAG=9 =;- l=(-7,9) -8+80· -8-0 -64=/-
=
Radius=:z-:-2= 0+3 2
4
Let thecentre be (h, 6 + 2) = (h, 3) Radius of inscribe'd circle=GI= 9 => LBQI:/:90° =? LBQI+LBRl'f' 180 °
:. They are not concyclic. :. Eqnoftg: y+3= =:(x+l) ⇒ 2x-y-1 = 0
(since it lies on the ..L bisector of OR). :. Eqnofcirc\e is (x+7)2+(y-9)2=92 T
2
=> y'{h-0)2+(3-0)2=� => h=-� (h<0) =? i!+y +14x-18y+49=0 Method2 -
-. - -80+0 0+32 16C-32 (HKCEEAM 19 81-II 12)
4 2 Mid-pt of Bl = ( ---,- -) = (-40,16)
:. The centre is ( -�,3)
2 2 L·y=m x+?
Bl = v'802 + 322= ,/f,i2ii (a) (i) { ; 2 -"? x2+(mx+2)2 =1
16C.29 HKCEE MA 2008 I 17 c x2 +y =;
:. Eqn ofcircleBRl:
(a) Method 1
( x+4o)2 + (y-16)2 = (,/f,i2ii-a-2)2
=> (l+m2 )x2+4mx+3=0
l is the ince ntre of b.ABC (give n) :. x1 and x2 are theroots of this equation.
16C.27 HKCEE MA 2006 I 16 LBAP=LCAP i!+j2+80x-32y=0 -4m 3
BP= CP (equ al Ls, equal chords) Put Q(-8,81) int o the equation: (ii) x1+x2 = , x1x2 =
(a) (i) Gis the circumcentre (given)
LHS = (-8)2 + (81)2+80(-8) - 32( 81) � u;;;z
SC .L BC and SA ..LAB (L in semi-circle) Method2 =3393 =f.RHS ⇒ AB=,J(x1-x2Jl+(y1 nl2
His the orthocentre ( given) lis the incentre of DABC (given) Thus, Q does not lie on the circle through B, Rand/. =V(x1-x2)1-+(mx1+2 mx2-2)2
AH .LBC and CH ..LAB LBAP = LCAP

l
The 4 points are notconcyclic. = y'(xi -x2)2+mi(x1 x2)2
Thus, SC//AHandSA//CH ⇒ AHCSisa//gram L.BCP = LBAP (Ls in the same segment) = ✓(I +m2)[(x1 +x2)2 4x1x2]
(ii) Method 1 = LCAP (proved) 16C.30 HKCEE MA 2011- I 16
LGRB = LSCB = 90° (proved) = LCBP (Ls in the same segment)
'
(I m ) [
I6m2 12
GR//SC (corr. Ls equal)
(a) S=(16,-48) + �-1+m2
BG= GS=ra dius
BR= RC (intercept thm)
=? BP= CP (sides opp. equal Ls)
Both methods
R= (-32+2 x (16+32),-48) = ( 6 4,-4 8)
Method 1
16m2-I2(l+m2)
2
m2-3✓
16+64 80-48 ) l+m2 m2 +1
⇒ SC=2GR (mid-pt thm) .
Mid-ptofPR= (---y-,---y- =(40,16)
Hence, AH = SC = 2GR (property of //gram)
-48- 80 -8 (b) (i) 2 distinct pts =;- 2):: �� >0 *
m2 -3>0
Method2
BG= GS= radius
mpR =
64-16 =3
. -I
* m<-v'3orm>v'3
and BR = RC (..L from centre t o chord bisec ts .·. Eqnof..Lb1sector: y-16= -=ir(x-40 )
(ii) Tg toC ⇒ 2�=0 ⇒ m=±-13
chord)
⇒ 3x-8y+8=0
⇒ SC= 2GR (mid-pt thm) ... . m2 _3
Hence, AH=SC=2GR (property of //gram) Method2 (111) Nomtsn ⇒ lW' <0 =;- -v3<m<v3
r,:; r,:;
jj =
v ( x"-½16")'"+�(y--�,�, i) = y'(x-64)2+(y+48 )2 +l
(b) (i) Letthecirclebe.i'+y2+Dx+Ey+F=O (c) Form=±-13, the eqn in (a)(i) becomes
x?+T-32.x- 160y+6656=x2 +y2- l28 x+96y+6400
4
l0x2±4v'3x+3 = 0 -"? X =i= -v3±v0 v'3
02+12 2+0D+l2E+F=0 D= 2
Join Cl. LetLACI= LBCI = e a nd LBCP = �­ 96x-256y+256=0 => 3x-8y+8=0
{( 6)\+0 2 -6D+0E+F=0 ⇒ {E=-10 LPAC= � (equal c hords, equal Ls) (b) SincePQ = PR and PS J. QR, PS is the ..L bisector of QR. 20 =i:5
4-+D-'+4D+0E+F=0 F=-24
:;-
=? LPIC=LPAC+LACI = 0+� (ext.Lof!:.i.)
-"? y ±v'3(:i:'7)+2=i
(propertyof isos. !:.i.) =
.·. Thecircleis x2+y2+2x-10y-24=0. =LPCJ Thus the circumcentre of b.PQR is the intersectio n of the
(ii) G=(-1,5) =;- GR=5 JP= CP (sides opp. equal Ls) line in (a) and PS. .·. Eqnof PQis y=; (since it is horizontal)
H = (0, 12-2 x 5)=(0,2) (by (a)(ii )) i.e.BP=CP=IP Putx=l6into the eqnin(a) => y=7 => (16,7)

367 36'
16c.33 (HKCEEAM1982-II-8) 16C-35 (HKCEEAM 1985-Il-5) (b) (i) SubA => 82+G2-l6(8)+0+c=0 => c=64 L:3x -2y-5=0
(a ) (i) mL = u
-5
-1 12
c,1 R,diss�JGJ' +(':')' �,/5
Method I
4x+3y=0
(b) {C:x2+y2-4x-14y+27= 0
,
a> r+ - -
(3x-5)' (3x-5)
-4x-14 - - +27=0
,,.
:. Req.eqn: y-6=�(x-S) => Y=5x- 6 ,t.2
{r+J-16x+2fy+64=o 2
l?- 2
4 +l+k+ 4 = 5 4 273
(ii) 'Hence' l!+ ( � xr- 16x+2f( �\) +64=0 �xl -�x+ =0
l?-+2k-8=0 => k=-4or2 4 2 4
Sx+ 12y=32 40
{ => (x,y) = ( 13'13
") (b) k=-4 => x2+j-4x+2y=0
¥r-8 (2+f )x+64= 0
x=3or7
y=.lff=x-6 k=2 => x2+T+2x-4y=0 => y=2or8
5
!)' -4•9•64=0
2 :. AandBare (3,2)and(7,8).
( (T, T)
2
Radiusofc ircle= J(s-�) +(6 -
Hf =5 16C-36 HKCEEAM1986-II IO t:. = 64 2+3
=> Centre of circle= = 5 5)
:. Eq nofC: (x -5)2 +(y-6)2=52 C1 :l!+J-4x+2y+ 1 =0 ( ,
⇒ x2+T-10x-12y+36=o
(a) (i) {
C2 :x2+J-10x- 4y+19 ""'0 (2+f)" = l� Radius= ! ✓(7-3)2+ (8-2)1- !v52 = Vl3
2 2
'Otherwise' => 6x+6y-18= 0 => y=3-x 10
f = ±3 .·. Eqnofc ri cle: (x-5) 2+( y-5)2 =13
2+3
LetCbe (x-5)2+(y-6)2=,2. => x2+(3-x} 2 -4x+2(3-x)+l=0 ⇒ x2+T- 10x-1oy+31=0
5x+12y=32 2x2-12x+l6=0 f = 4or-16
{(x-5)2 +(y-6)2 =,2 x=2or4 Since th e centre is in QuadIV, f > 0. f= 4
?
y=lor-1 16C.39 HKCEE AM1993- II-11
Method 2
2 5x
Hence.A andB are (2, 1) and(4, -1).
OP= OA=8. LetP= (p, � p
✓(3 - 0) +(¾-2) =¥
).
2
=> (x-5)2+(3 _6r =,2 Suppose the point ofcontactof OK andC2 is P. Then
169 ? 65 325 ?
;;_ y-
.·. Eqn ofAB: x- =
1 -1-1 = -1 4 (a) A8= 2

l x--9x+9-r=0 2 4-2 2
M Radiusof C2 = y-coord ni ate f
o B= �
✓(p)'+ ( � p)' � 8
=> x+2y-4=0 4
t..=(�f-4·�:c;-?)=0 => ?= 2 5 (ii) Therequiredcircle has AB as adiameter.
. '+4 1-1 Radiusof Ci -RadiusofC2 =4-¾ =¥=AB
:. Eqn ofC: (x-5)2+(y - 6)2= 52 Mid-ptof AB= ( �•�) = (3,0) 25 0 24
C1 andC2 t ouch ni ternally.
gr = 64 ⇒ p = ± s
⇒ x2+T-10x-12y+36=o AB= ✓(4- 2)Z+ (-l -1)2 =,/8 . 24 4 -32 (b) AP=4-Radiusofcirc\e
2 AsPismQuadIV, p= => P= ( 2 ,--) s2+(r-2)2 = (4-t)2
5 5
x- coordin ate of centre = 5 = radius 2 2
:. Req.circleis: (x-3) +(y-0) =(:)
s
s2+t2 -4r+4= 16-8r+t 2 => 4t=12-s2
Ctouchesthe y-axis.
Method 2
=> x2+y2-6x+7=0 �¥?fr:f)
2 2
-16{¥) +2 1c-t +64=o ) 13 .
(c) BP= +Radiuos f rc .rcle
(b) CentreofC3=C entreofCr ={2,-1) ¥-¥f=0 4

( ')' (' )'

Putx=0 => yl-12y+36 = 0 => y=6(repea ted)
:. Y-axis s
i tang ne t to C. Radiusof C3 = DisL from (2, -1) to AB f =4 (s-3f! + r-4 = 4+t

( 4')' - ( 4')'
= J(RadiusofC1)2 -(½AB)2 (i )i Putx=8 into OH an d OK respectivl
e y.
(c) L t tangentbe y = mx.
:::u = V(2)2+(1F-l-2=,/2 OH=> Y = 2_ (8)=� => H=(8,�) (s-3)2 = r+ r- = 3t
{ 15 15 15
xl+f-10x- 12y + 36 = 0
EqnofC3: (x-2) 2+(y+I)2 =2 - 2
OK=> ye=�\8)= : => K=(8,-; )
2 4t"' 12-s2
=> x2+y1-4x+2y+3=0 {3r = (s-3)2
=> (1+m2 )x2- 2(5+6m)x+36=0 (d)
h.=4(5+6m)2 -4-36(1+m2)=0 => m=u
5 16C.37 HKCEEAM1987 II 11 Areaof b.OBH y-coorof H .ii = �5 => 3( 12-s2)=4(s-3)2

.·.
. 5
. y=}2x.
Tberequrred tangent1s
(a) (i) Method 1
C1: (x-8)2 +(y-2)2=22
Area of 6.0BK -(y-coorofK) ¥ 36-3s2 = 4s2-24s+36
7s2- 2 4s=0
(d) LetQ=(m,n) SinceMis h t e midp o PQ,
- tf => Radius= 2 = y-coordinateofc ne tre .1'=0or� => r=3or2.
16c.38 (HKCEEAM1988-II-11)
(2+m 2+•) =(5,6) => (m,n)=(8,l0) Ct touches the x-axis, andthe po int of contact s
i 7 49
(x-coordinate of e
c ntre, 0)=(8, 0)=A. (a) MethodJ .. The required circles are (x - 0)2+ (y - 3)2 = 32 and
-2-,-2-
Let xl+T+Dx+Ey+F = 0 be thecircle thor ugh P, Q
an d 0.
Method2
Puty=0 => x2-I6x+64=0 => x=8(repeated)
LetS=(h,k).
KS J. (x-Sy+ 59=0) (x-�)' +(y-.',)' � (f,)'
k-12 -1
02 +G2+0D+0E+F=0 D = 62 :. A(8,0) i s the only pt ofcon tact ofC1 andx-axis. =mKs = =-5 => k=-5h+I7
h-l
=> {E=-66 (ii) L tOHb 16C.40 HKCEEAM 1994- II- 9
{2 +2 +2D+2E+F=0
2 2 T

,y-=.
SK=SH
(h- 5)2 +(k-5)2 = ( h-7)2 +(k-I)2
{;-= (h- 1)2 +(k-12) 2 = (h+3)2 +(k-6)2
82 +tG2+8D+lOE+F=0 F=0 (a)
.·. The cirl
c e i s xl+T+62x-66y=0. x2+y2-16x-4y+64=0 -2h-24k+l4 5=6h-12k+45 => 2h+3k=? -10h+25-10k+25 = -14h+49-2k+l
=> ll+(mx)2-16x-4( mx)+64=0 Solving, h=2, k=7 => S = ( 2,7) 4h=8k => h=2k
(l+m2 )x2-4(4+m)x+64= 0 Hence,the equationof C is
t:.= 16(4+m)2 -4•64( 1+m2) =0
Merhod2
--- (x-h) + (y-k)2 = (h-S)2 + (k -4)2
2
-1 x2+T-2hx- 2ky = -10h+25- l0k+2S
m2 +8m+l6 - 16-16m2 =0 EqnofKS: y-12 = -r-(x-1) => y = -Sx+17
16C-34 HKCEEAM1984-II-6 15m2 -8m=0 x 2 +f-2(2k)x-2ky+ 10( 2k)+lOk-50 = 0
Eqn of .L bisector of HK: xl+j-4kx-2ky+30k-50 = 0
(a) ll+f- 2kx+4ky+6k2-2=0 8
m=0or (x-1)2 + (y-12)2= (x+3)2+ (y-6)2
Radius=V(-k)i+ (2k)2-(6ki-2) > l 15 => 2x+3y=25
(b) Denoteth ecentre ofCbyG.
-1
.t2 +4k 2-6.t2 +2> 12 .·. EqnofOHis y="i5x. Solving, (x,y) = (2, 7) => S = (2,7) mno= -r-=-2
Ii'< 1 -8
(iii) By symmetry, mBH =
(Note how diffe re ntconcepts gave simli arcalculations.)
-l<k<l I5 Hence,
:=�=�2 :::;,- k-l=-2(2k-7) => k=3
-8
:. EqnofBH: y-0=Ts"'(x-16) RadiusofC = ✓0 -2)2+ (12-7)2 = ,/26 :. EquofCis x2+f-4(3)x-2(3)y+30(3)-50=0
-8 128 => EqnofC; (x-2)2 +(y-7)2 =26 => ll+y2-l2x-6y+40=0
= + => x2+yl-4x- 14y+27 =0
=> Y IT IS

369 '70
16C.41 HKCEEAMI995-IJ-l0 16C.44 (HKCEEAM2000-Il-9) I6C.46 HKCEEAM 2005 15 16C.48 HKCEE AM 2010 7
(a) C1:(x-8)2+(y-0 )2=I0 2 ( 3k+I)' 3k+I ' L:y=kx Centre=(3,-2), Radius=5
Centre=(S,0), Radius=IO (a) (x+2k+2)2 + Y+ = (Sk+8)+{2k+2)2+ (-;-) (a {
-y- ) C:x2+f-4x-2y+4=0 Let C( m,n) be the diametrically opposite pt of A on the circle.
Radius ofC2 =(Dist btwn centresofC1 and C2 ) -10
= 15-10 =5
'
(x+2k+2)·+ (y+�)
3k+1 2 25 � 35 49
= 4k'+2k+4 =} x2+(kx)2 -4x-2(kx)+4=0 Theo (-
2
-,z
m+1 n+I
) = (3,-2) ⇒ C=( m,n)=(-1,-5)
(b) ,/�(/',-�,�)''+'(�,--�0)"1 - IO= Vr,(l',+7' �)'"+
= 1,--�,")2- 5 3k+I ' - 5k+7 '
(l+l2 )x2-2(2+k)x+4= 0 ... (*)
=
LACB e (Lin alt. segment)
h2+ 14h+49+l2= ( "l/h2 - 16h+64+k1 -5)
2 +-
Ix+ 2k ')' ( + y+� ) - (� ) A=4(2+k) 2 -4(4)(1 +l2) > 0
L2+4k+4-4-4L2 > 0 =
and LABC 90° (Lin semi-circle)
30h-40 = 10v'Ji2_ 16h+64+k2
(b) (i) · Touchesx-axis
3k+1 5k+7 4 an
t e=
AB ✓(7-0)2+(1+6jt 7
=
(3h-4)2 h2 - 16h+64+k2 �=± (�) ⇒ k=-3or-l 3l.2 -4k<0 =} O<k<
J
BC J(0+l)2+(-6+5)2
=
9h 2 - 24h+ 16 h2 -1 6h+64+l2 The circles are x2+(y-l)2= I {Ci) and
4
(b) From (a). equation ofthe tangent is y= x. y
Sh2 -L2 -Sh-48=0 {x-4 ) 2 +(y-4)2 = 16 (C2)
3 p
= 40+0 (c) (i) Thex-coordinates of P and Qarethe roots of ( *).
(c) (i) y =:20 (ii) Dis t . between centres= .,/(4-0)2+(4- 1)2 2(2+k)
2 = 5= 1+4 ⇒ Sum ofroots=
(The centre lies on the .l bisector of the segment join­ l+k-
ing the two centres. This is true because the radii of :. Touch externally
(c) Let the centreofC3 be (a,b).
x-coordinate of M =
Sum ofroots
2
2+k
I+k-
C2 and C3 are the same.)
(ii) Fr om(c)(i), k=20 · · Collinear with centres of C1 and C2
b- I 4-1 = 3 3
Put into the result of (b): = b= a +I
Sh2 -(20)2 -8h-48 = 0 a-0 4_0 4 => 4
16C.47 HKCEE AM 2006 14
· · Touches x-axis
h2-h-56=0 ⇒ h= S(rej.)or -7 L:y=mx+c B
Radius=b (a) (i) {
Centre= (-7,20), Radius=20-5-15
:. Eqn ofreq. circle: (x+ 7)2 + (y-20)2 152 = · · Touches C2 externaily J:x2+:l=?
* x2+i2+14x-40y+224=0
)(a-4)2+(b-4)2 =4+b
a2-8a+ 16+b 2-8b+ 16 = (4+b) 2
=> x2+(mx+c)2=?
(l+m2 )x2+2mcx+c2-? = 0
a2 - Sa+16- Sb= +Sb t.= 4m2c2-4(1 +m2)(c2-?) 0 =
a2 -8a+16=l6b m2c2-c2-m2c2+?+?m2 0 =
16C.42 (HKCEEAM1996-IJ-10) -1,G,+1) c2=r2(m2 +1)
(ii) Put(h,k) intoL: k=mh+c
(a) (i) Centre= (4k,3k)
= = = a2-20a=0 =
(k-mh)2 = c2 r2(m2+1)

y-,
Put into !he line: LHS 3(4k)-4(3k) 0 RHS =} a=0or20 cc;. b=lorl6
:. The centre lies on 3x-4y =Q. (0, ! ) is the centre of Cr Cb) (1) PR: y- =
4 -5 4
x-7 -5-7 4
- =� ⇒ 3x-4y-5=0 16C.49 HKCEE AM 2010 15
(ii) Radius= J(4k)2+ (3 k)1-25{k2- J)= v'25 = 5 C3is (x-20}2+(y-I6)2=i62
(b) Slope=
3 ⇒ x-mtercept =
3
5 (a) Letthe centreofC2 be (x,y).
Dist. between centres=Radius ofC2-Radius ofC1
4
Pick a value of k forCh e.g. Co :x2+f-25 = 0.
16C.45 HKCEE AM 2002 15
(a) Suppose lhe centre is G. Then y-mtercept=
-5 (x-6)2+(y-5)2 (x- 5)2=
A= Area of 6GDE+Area of 6GEF +Area of 6GFD
4 -12 x+36+y2- 10y =-10.x
Let the equationof tangent bey= �x+ b. I I I ' 1
y-- 10y+36=2x =} x=z_y, -5y+1S
2 =7..DE•r+ 7..EF•r+ FD-r
=
⇒ x 2+ (�+b) -25 = 0
+b 7..

Gr
{yx2+y--25=0
¾� (b) (i) ByPylh.thm, (x-0)2+(y+3) =52+x2 2
4 = !(DE+EF+FD)r= !pr In lhe shaded tnangle, 4
{y+3)2 52 =
jJ,..;;
2 2
25 � 3 �
I(j'r+ bx+b·-25 = 0 (b) (i) Perimeter of 6QRS ½r✓
2
+(£) =½·j·�=Area
(x,y) =
y 2or -8 (rej.)
:i
=
y4l+4l + v'3:!+32+ "1/7.l+ J2 =::> X= ½(2)2-5(2)+18
3 2 25 � 25
A= (2b) -4•16(/r'-25)=0 ⇒ h=± 4 =4v'2+3v'2+5v'2= 12,/2 25 25 IO =
3 25 4
Radius of C 2 ½ • ,/2,J,/2 _ v.:.
=::> r=u.,.- U =l P(0,-3) ,::, ° =
Centre ofC2 (10,2)
M2 (ii) Use (a)(ii) with (h,k) = (7,4) and r= L
The tangents are y= x± 4.
4 i · 12,/2 {4-7m)2=m2+l
(c) Distance=y-coordina1e of centre= 3k (ii) Denote thepoints whefe C 2 touches QR and RS by A 3 5
(If k is negative, the distance is-3k.) and B respectively. Also let H be the centreof C2. 48m -56m+l5=0 ⇒ m= or
2
(ii) EqnofC2: (x-I0)2+(y-2)2=102
4 l2
52 =(3k)2 +(4)2 ⇒ k=±l Then RAHB is a square. Let !heeqns of tangents be y= mx-3.
=
� y mpQ u y=mx- 3
(iii) Use(a)(ii) with (h,k) =R == (-5,-5) and r= 1. {
A 4 4 B R (x-I0) 2+(y-2)2 = 100
(-5+5m)2 =m2+1 ⇒ (x-10)2+(mx-5)2 =100
( 1 +m2)x2-10(m+2)x+2 5 = 0
A= IO0(m+2) 2-100(1 +m2) = 0
16C.43 (HKCEE AM 1998- II -2) 3
m2+4m+m-l-m2=0 =::> m= -
4
L:x-7y+3=0 ---oc+-------x -3
:. Eqns oftgs arey = x-3 andx= 0 (y-axis).
{ i.e. RA=AH-HB-BR=../2 4
C: (x-2) 2+(y+5)2 =a
=::> (7y-3-2)2+(y+5)2=a =::> 50y 2 -60y+50-a=0 RH-J(VZ)'+(VZ)' -2
:. t.=3600-4•50(50-a)=◊ ⇒ lS-(50 -a)=0
⇒ a=32
5-1
mRA = 2
+2
= 5-2
I andmRS = 2 5 -1
-
=
RH is vertical.
Thus, H=(2,5-2)=(2,3 ).
:. EqnofC2is (x-2)2 +(y-3)2=2

372
16C.S0 HKDSEMASP-1-19 (ii) AC is a diameter of the circle. 16C.54 HKDSEMA2016-I-20 (b) (i) LetP = (x, 19). By (a).
6+0 0+4 OP=PQ
(a) (j) JoinBandC. Mid-ptofAC= (2'2) =(3,2) (a) Method l
Vx-l+ 19Z = y«
-
LDAE = LDBC (Ls in the same segment) (x---4"""
0)1-,7+
( 1"9c_--a3,c
o )"'
AC=../6 1 +4.!= ../52
= LPCB (alt. Ls, PQ//BD)
' ' (vl2)'
x2+361 =x1-80x+ 1600+ 121
= LBAE (Lin alt. segment) x=l7 => P=(l7,19)
:. Eqnofcir cleOABC: (x-3)-+{y- 2)-= - 2-
In DABE and !:::.ADE, Method 1
AB=AD (given) => x2+y2-6.r-4y =0 Let C bex2+y2+Dx+Ey+F = 0.
LBAE = LDAE (proved)
01+o2 +o+o+F =O D= -112
AE=AE (common)
{ I72 +J92 +17D+l9£+F=0 -=> {£=66
Let LOPJ=LQPJ = 8. (in-centre)
6ABE S:! .6ADE (SAS)
(ii) LBAE = LDAE (corr. Ls, Sc! L::.s) 402 +302 +40D+30£+F=O F=O
OJ=PJ=QJ (radii)
:. AE is an L bisector of 6ABD. 16C.52 HKDSEMA2012-I-17 :. EqnofCisx2+y2-ll2x+66y=O.
In .6.POJ, L.POJ = L.OPJ = 8 (base L.s, isos. .6)
Hence, AE .l BD (propertyof isos . .6.) (a) Radius=y..coordinate of centre= 10 In .6.PQJ, L.PQJ= LQPJ= 8 (base L.s, isos . .6) Method 2
=> AE is an altitude of MBD. .·. EqnofC: (.r-6)2+(y-l0)2=100 In .6.POJ and .6.PQJ, The centre J lies on lhe J. bisectorof OQ.
BE=DE (property of isos. 6) (b) Eqnofl: y=-x+k L.OPJ=LQPJ=8 (in-centre)
=> AE is a median of .6ABD.
y= -x+k L.POJ = LPQJ = 8 (proved) Mid-ptofOQ= (�,� ) = (20,15)
=> AEis a.lbisect orof6ABD.
{(x- 6)2+( - 10)2 = JOO Pl=PJ (common)
{ 30"3 -4
Thus, the in-centre, orthocentre, centroid and circum­ y
.6.PO � .6.PQJ (AAS) moQ = 40 =4 => m.1 bisector = 3
centreof /':,ABE all l ei onAE. They are collinear. => (x-6)2 +(-x+k-10)1 = 100 J
PO=PQ -4
12-4 2x"-+(8-2k)x+(/..2-2ok+36) = O (corr. sides,� .6.s) .·. Eqn of J. bisector: y-15 = cx-20)
(b) mpQ=mnD= _ =2 8-2k
3
8 4 Sum of roots= - =k-4 125-4x
From (a)(ii), AC is a diameter of the circle. 2 --
- k-4 => y= - ,
Merlwd J => x-coordinateofmid-ptofAB= -,- Method2 LetJ=(h,k). Then
-
Let the circle bex2+:/+Dx+Ey+F = 0. ( k- 4)
z
125-4'1
142 +42+14D+4E+F=O D=-18 y..coordinate of mid-pt of AB= - +k {
�/: 17)?+(k-19)2=(h-0)1+(k-0)1
s2 +122+8D+12E+F=O E=-13 (k-4 k+4)
-,z
=>
{42 +42+4D+4E+F=O {F=92 Mid-pointofAB = - 1!2-34h+289+/..2 -38k+36l =h2 +!?-
(
2 I25-4h
.·. The circle isx2+y2-18x-13y+92= 0. -34h-38 ( -- -) +650=0
3
=> Centre=(9,6.5) �h- 2800 = O
Method2 o'
p�- 3 3
� bisectorof BD (i.e. AC): Let LOPJ = L.QPJ=8. (in-centre) h=56 => k=-33
16C.S3 HKDSEMA2015-I -l4
J(x-S)i+ (y 12)2 - ,j"(x_"c4�)''+�(y �-74)"' OJ=PJ=QJ (radii) :. EqnofCis
In MOJ, L.POJ =L.OPJ= 8 (base L.s, isos. .6) (x-56) +(y+33) = (0-56)2 +(0+33)2
-16x+64-24y+ 144 = -Sx+ - 16-8y+16 (a) (i) Method I 2 2

x+2y-22=0
--- 4-14 -1+23
Mid-ptofPQ= (- -,�) =(-5,ll) => L.PJO=IS0° -28 (L.sumof.6) => x1+f-ll2x+66y=O
14+4 2 => L.PQ0=(180°-28)+2=90° -8
Eqn of J. bisector of AD: x = � =9 -1-23 -4 (Lat centre twice Lat 0c")
(i i)
4+14 =3
=
(': AD is parallel t o the x-axis.) mpQ
-1 3 59 In MQJ, L.PQJ = LQPJ = 8 (base Ls, iso s. .6)
:. Eqn ofL: y-11="::,f(x+S)-=> Y= x+ => L.PJQ=l80° -20 (Lsumof.6)
=> Circumcentre = (9,6.5)
x+2y-22=0
Solving {x T 4 4
=> L.POQ=(l80° -28)+2=90° -8
=9
Method2 (L at centre twice L. at 0ce)
-
Method3- y'(x 4)i+(y+l)i_ ..j(x+ 14)1+(y- 23)1 L.PQO = LPOQ=90° - 8 (proved)
(14+4)
Let the centre be --,k =(9,k). -Bx+ 16+2y+ 1= 28x+196-46y+529 PO=PQ (sidesopp. equal L.s)
2 3x-4y+59 =0
Radius= ..j(9-8)1+( k- 12)2 - y'� ( - 4)
- �.�
,- - �-�' +�(�k- i )
)
( 3h -
( ii ) Centre= h, -
+59

Centre=(9,6.5)
k1- 24k+ 145 =/?--8k+4 1
k= 6.5
✓
Radius = r(-4-
4
- h
-
- -)'-+ --;(---,--h�:�,�,�
�,� )''
Method3 �>-,/
\,>,,,,
Hence, :. EqnofC: ,, ,,
Let C = (m,n). Then (x-fi) 1+(y-�r = (4-fl)2 +(-1-¥r p/
m+l4 n+4 � V
(�,-y-) =(9,6.5) => C=(m,n) = (4,9) x1-2hx+y2-�y= 16-8h+t+¥
:. EqnofPQ: y-9=2(x-4) => 2x- y+l=O x2+y2-2hx- �y+¥ = o
lx1+2y1-4h.r- (3h+59)y+13'1-93 = 0
( •• /.��-
J -
-�:��-. --
-
,! IApproach One - Find Lt and Li. I
o' .,_�::::: ••• ·--·-·------::-:.'._-.../R
(b) If C passes through R, Let P J ext�nded meet the circle OPQ at R. Then PR is a Metlwd 1
2{26)2+2(43)2-4h{26}-(3h+59)(43)+ 13h-93 =0 3
2420-220h = 0
diameter of the circle. LetL1andL2be Y=4.r+c.
L.POR = LPQR = 90° (Lin semi-circle)
h= 11 Let LOPR = LQPR = 8. (in-centre) y��x+c
t
16C.51 HKDSEMAPP-l-14
(a) 6BCD~.60AD 2J
Diameter= (4-11) + (-1-
2 301 59 ) = 50
2
In .6.0PR, PO=PRcos8
In.6.QPR, PQ=PRcos8
{
x2+f-112x+66y=0
1
(b) (i) AD=../6'1-+l2i =.J1&0
PO=PQ x2+(�x+c) -112x+66Gx+c) =0
CD {f6 �
AD
=
y4S => CD=y45xl80=8 25, (3c-125
C=(0,12-8)= {0,4) r+ --- ) x+ C,
c - +66cI = 0
16 2
-
373
 I Approach Two - Find S, T, U. V without Li and Li I jApproach Three - A hybrid of Methods
1 and Jj -1
(ii) E=(o, : )
Method4 Denote ht e centre of C be G, which is thein-centreof
Let the foots of perpendiculars from P and Q to the X• Letl, "'Lobe y� x+c.
3
D.DEF.
ax.is beMandNrespectively. Note that OQ/ /Li/ /L 2. ; 4 DG = V"(l"8�-08"'J'c;+-;(s;39'-'2"'2) -v'l469
l:::.SPM~60QN y=
{ -x+c ⇒ LGDE=sin-1 ; =7.49586°
PM= QN G
=� ⇒ SM= ±_(19) = �

T,o)
( 763 ) (-'5
x2+�-ll2x+66y=O
SMON4 3 3 ⇒ LFDE =2LGDE=14.99172°
2
⇒ S= 11- .o = x2+(ix+cf-112x+66Gx+c) =0 EG=J(0-8) +(f-2)2=�
⇒ LGED=sin-1 ; =29.60445°
3 25
InLOST,OT= OS=4 ⇒ T==- (0,4
4 ")
'5
'f6x2+ ---y-=--
(3c- J'J5 ,
) x+(c-+66c) =0 => LFED=2LGED=59.20890°
G
I 25 25 625
Area of 6OST= 2 X 3 X 4 = 4 (3c-125)2 25 , LDFE=180° -14.99172° -59.20890°
•- -- ---4• I6·(c-+66c)=0 = 105.6° > 90°
ST-
-✓(325)' + (4")' -12
_ 125
4
-16c2-2400c+ 15625 = 0
625 25
:. YES
c=- or
⇒ Heightof LOST fromOto ST ('h 1 ') 4 4
C '! 625 25 625
OT= , OV =
= -�TI24 =5
25 4 T
OU
⇒ av =75 ⇒ =25 (':LOST~D.OUV)
OT - OS
To,,
Area of b.OUV = (25) 2 (Area ofD.OST)
Area of D.OTU = ( ��) (Areaof D.OST)
16C.56 HKDSE MA 2019- I- 19
R = 25(Area of !:::.OST)
Areaof LOSV = ( ��) (Areaof LOST) (,) /(4) � ! ((4)'+ (6k-2)(4) +(9k+25))
l k
1
OP= PQ and LOPJ = LQPJ (proved) = 25(AreaofD.OST) = 33+33k)=33
. OT 3 25 I+/
OQ 1- Pl (property of isos. .6.) Referring to Method2, PR is the height of trapezium Besides, for !:::.OST, =slope=4 ⇒ OS 3 = Hence, h
t e graph passes through F.
⇒ Lil.Pl (OQ//Li) OS
STUV as PR J_ Li . 1 25 25 625 (b) (i) g(x)=f(-x)+4
⇒ L1 is tangent to Cat P. :. Heightof b.OUV from Oto UV ('h2') ⇒ Area=2x3x4=24
(converse of Ls in the same segment) = DiameterofC-h 1 =2V56i+332 -5 = 125 = l:k((-x)2+(6k-2)(-x)+(9k+25)) +4
3 3 25 Areaof STUV= (l +625+25+25)(A of b.OST)
y
:. EqnofL1: y-19=4(x-17) ⇒ Y=;f+4 = 105625 > 1
� --(x2-(6k-2)x+(3k-1)2
17000 ⇒ YES
s�(-:5,0), r�(o,2;) 6 l+k
⇒ -(3k-1)2+(9k+25)) +4
Let the diameter of C through P meet C again at
17+r l9+s
~- 1
l+k
-((x-3k+1)2 -9k2+3k+24) +4
R(r,s). Then (�,- -) =l= (56,-33) 16C.55 HKDSE MA 2018- I- 19 1
2
⇒ R = (95, -85) (a) EqnofC: (x-8)2 +(y-2)2=r1
~ --((x-3k+I)2 -3(l+k)(3k-8)) +4
l+k
. L2 is tangent to Cat R L:lo:-5y-2l =0 1
3 { � --(x-3k+I)2 -3(3k-8)+4
:. Eqnofl,z: y+85= (x-95) ⇒
2
C: (x -8) +(y-2) =?- l+k
4 ' kx-21 ' ,
1
� --(x-3k+I)2+28-9k
625 ( -625 ⇒ (x-8)·+ (---2) =r
=> =
U ( ,0, ) V= 0,--) 5
l+k
3 4 U = (3k-1,28-9k)
k 31 '
Therefore, (MethodA) (x-8)2+ ( x-5) -?- =0 (ii) As F varies, the circle is the smallest whenOU is the
V 5 diameter.
Areaof trapezium STUV k2 , " 2561 ,
=Areaof !:::.STU+Areaof .6SVU b.OST ~ !:::.OUV ( 1+ ) x--2 ( k+8) x+ 25 -r=0 Metlwd l

I?)
25 FOJ..FU ⇒ mpo·mpu=-1
(�+,¥)(¥) + (�+¥H-¥l OV OU h, 25
= = = 25 ( 56 28-9k. (28-9k)-33
2 2 oT os ti- L\=0=4 (31 :25k+8)' -4 ( 1+ '
- 1 -?-) 1
1056 25 = 1 6 2 25 25 3k-1 (3k-l)-4
= 7 04.2 > 17000 ⇒ YES Area of b.OUV = (�) (Area of 6OST)
rnk+s)' -(I+�) (�: -r) 1 (28-9k) -33(28-9k) = -(3k- 1)2 +4(3k-1)
2
6 h,
Therefore, (MethodB) = 625(Areaof LOST) 90k2-225k-l35=0
1 2561 , (3tk+200)2 -1
Area of LOTU = (��)(Areaof 6OST) k=3or 2 (rej.)
ST=j(o+¥) +(¥-or= \ �
2
25-r 25(25+k 2)

UV=:=
✓( 3-0
625 ' 625 ' 3125
) + (-4-0) =
12
=25(Areaof D.OST)
Area of D.OSV =(��)(Area of b.OST)
?- 2561(25+k2)-(3Ik+200)2
25(25+k2)
Metlwd2
Mid•ptofOU= (2,¥,)
96l-496k+64k2
Height ofSTUV = Diameter ofC=130 =25 (Areaof D.OST) J(3k-1-2)2+(28-9k-,¥)2 - J22 +(,¥)2
25+k2
�)(IJO) Area of STUV = (1+625+25+25)(A of LOST) (3k- J) 2 -4(3k� 1)+(28-9k)2
AreaofSTUV (if+ 105625 (b) (i) PulD into L:
� - - > 17000 ⇒ YES k(l8)-5(39)-21 =0 ⇒ k= 12 -33(28-9k)=0
105625 6 90L2-225k-135=0
1 000 ⇒ YES 961 -496(12) +64(12)2
�-6-> 7 5 -1
25+(12)2 k=3or (rej.)
z

375
(iii) The fixed point G is the imageof F after the above 16D Loci in the rectangular coordinate plane 16D.5 (HKCEEAM 2004 IO) (b) (i) r is the perpendicularbisectorof AB.
transformations. i.e. G = (-4, 37). A pair of stri
a ght lines parallel and equisdistant o
t OA
r//Le
Also, V =( 3( 3) -1,28-9(3)) = ( 8, 1) 160.1 (HKCEEMA1981(3J-I-7) (ii) Method l
OA=V3-+41 =5
Me!hod I (a) P- 4(1)+ 1(16) 4(4)+ 1(- 16) -(4 0) 2x2 L i :4x-3y+l2=0
37-33 37- 0 37 ( 1+4 ) Dist. from h
t e lines toOA = - - = 0.8 { =;,- A= (3.84,9.12)
' 1+4 5 L2 :3.x+4y-48=0
mGF·rTl{j()= _4_4 ·� =g#-1
(b) PutAni loh t eparabo!a: (4)3=4a(l) =;> a=4 B={0,4)
Gis not on the circle withFOas diameter (which y
Hence, the parabola is y2 = 16x. ·. Eqn orris:
t e circle through F, 0 and V). =;> NO
{x-3.84)2+(y-9.1 2) 2 = (x-0)1 + (y-4)2
is h
Eqnoflocus: (x+a)2=(x-4) 2 + ( y-0)2
Method2 .r2+Bx+ 16 =i1-8x+ 16+y2 -7.68x-18.24y+97.92= -By+16
The circle through F(4,33), 0(0,0) and V(8, 1) is T= 16x 3.x+ 4y-3 2=0
(x- 2)2+(y- ¥)2 = 22+(¥,)2
which is h
t e given parabola. Method2
-⇒ i1+/-4x-33y=O
y-int of L1 = 4. y-int of Lz = !2
PutG(-4,37):LHS=1807"'RHS-=;,- NO
Merhod2'
160.2 HKCEEAMI987-II-10 .
r 4+12
-=;,- y-mtercept of = - - - 8
2
Let h
t e circle throuhg F(4,33), 0(0,0) and V(8, J) be (a) (.x+ 1) 2 = (x- If+(y-0) 2 -3
i1+2x+I =i1-2x+ l+y2 :. EqnofI'is y= x+8
i1+y1+dx+ey+f=0. 4
i= 4.x
42 +33 2 +4d+33e+f=O d=-4 16D.8 HKDSEMAPP 1-8
2
{0 +a2+od+0e+f=0 ⇒
- {e=-33 (a) A'(3,4), B'(S,-2)
s2 +1 2 +Bd+e+f=O f=0 16D.3 (HKCEEAM1994-II-4)
(b) Eqn: (x-3)2 +(y-4)2 =(x-5)2 +(y+2) 2
Thus, the eqn ofcircleFOV isi1+y2-4x-33y=O. (a) (Note that PRo is parallel to thex-axis. Thus:) -6x-8y+25=-10x-=;,- 4x-8y+25=0
PutG(-4,37): LHS=l80=j,RHS-=;,- NO (4-0)(6-4)
Area 4 16D.9 HKDSEMA2012 I 14
2
(
(b) i) A pair of lines parallel and equidistant to PQ
16D.6 (HKCEEAM 2011 16) (a) (i ) r//L
16C.57 HKDSE MA 2020 1 14 .. ( )+ 3
y (a) CentrcofC 1 =(0,5), RadiusofC1 =J5 2-16=3 · erc ept orr= -I (- )
(lll y-mt -2
Ju L<1Mbelhomitl,poi,1cr..w. 2
Radiusof the unknown circle=y O+l 1
Then. GM .LAB (lincjohlingC<11trol01llmi". ofclionllclioid). · · It o
t uches Ci externally mL =3-0 = 3
Slnoe-AJJi!<!!<>ri:l:OlltOLG;Ji!<"""1<:11L J(x-Df+(y-5J 2 - y+3 .-. Eqnofr: y=}x-2
'
'rbex-coordioatooIG = -l0+3Q i1+/-10y+zs=T+6y+9
i1+16= 16y-=;,- y=2..i1+1
(b) (i) Put Q into the eqnof r:
16 RHS= �(6)-2=0LHS
(b) (i) Let(h,k)bethecentreofC2. 3
r passes h t rough Q.
Then k=yt +L (ii) QH=QK = radius
2

Tut<l!forc. lbo«111•tionofCi,i (:r-UJ)' �[y-(-l�)J' =z:I' .Lo. Radius= k = -Jr,(h-- �zo-)1�+�(k-- -,-,=
)' (Infact, HQK is a diameter of the circle.)
!? = h1 +k2- 40h-32k+656 Besides, since A and B lie on L, h t eir perpendicular
i'+y'-200<+:lOy-:ioo-o. t edistance betweenL and r.
distam;:es ot r is h
bi I'ondLm:pornlkl.
Sine< r,ndL =po,nlld.we know tlmt1be ,topeofri<<qnol to !ht: slope
0 =h2 -40h-32 ( ft2 + 1) +656 i.e.. The height of MQH with QH as base and h t e
ofl.to. ;��;�=¾· 6
D = -h2-40h+624 height of D.BQK with QK as base are the same.
Area of MQH: Area of 6.BQK = 1 : l
(·u·) = -4 = -1 h = 12or-52 (rej.)
L<t l'"=(x.y). mpQ 2 -o
Since Ro is a o p int n
o ht e locus (from (a)), the line (h,k) = ( 12,16(12) 2+1) = (12,10) 16D.10 HKDSEMA 2013 I 14
parallel to PQ and throuh g Ro(4,4) is: 2 2 (a) R = (6, 17)
y-4= l(x-4) =;,- y=x =;,EqnofC2: 2
(x-12) +(y-10) = 10
Tbe,d'....,, tbe-oq,mti<,ncfri11 :lr-4y+W�o.
iii 1.<t8bclhc�of.4Gond 1!1>0thoiodim,tionof,4J/.
Thus, ht e equations arey=xaudy=x+4+4=x+8. =;,- i1+y2-24x-20 y+144=0
(ii) The point of contact is collinear with t h e 2 centres.
----=.
(b) (i) Method I
mL =
3
No!ctlw O",;Odl!U ol>d 0•:.�<:180". which arc both points on S. However, fora parabola
t:mO=Tho,lopeof.4:G 16D.4 HKCEEAM 1999 IT 10 opening upwards, the linesegment joining 2 points on =;,- Eqn of PR: y-11= -=:1 (x-6) -=?
tu>O� -15-0 (a) (.x+3) 2 +( y-0 )2 =3[(x+l)2 +(y-0)2] the parabola (we ca ll it a 'secant' line) must lie above T
10-(-\0) {PR:y= ¾.x+�
x1+6x+9+T=3i1+6x+3+3y2 h
t e parabola. -=;,- P=(-l4, 2)
1nt16�-¾ 2i1+2T=6 => i1+T=3 .·. The se ntence i s not correct. L:4x+3y+50=0
o� l80'-36.8"598976.l' (c) A circle ht at satisfies ht e first two conditions will touchC1 Method2
O•d.\3.l:I0!-024•
t>nf�The<!opoofAH
(b) Slope of segment joining centre and T = �
" " externally. Hence, it cannot satisfy the last condition. LctP=(a,b).
PR.LL
Inn{>�¾ => Slopeoftg=-b :. NO -4 3
mpR = -17 =
F..3�.859!l97W' :. Eqnoftg: y-b=-b(.x-a) 3 4
4a+3b+50=0
/..IJ,IG+O�llltl" (odj. L>oo>0. lfuo) by-h2 =-ax+a2 { b-17 3 =;,- (a,b) = (-14,2)
.<:!UG+1"3.1301in-r',.lll0" ax+by-(a2+b2) =0
a-6 =4
LGAH�LHAG+LHAH ax+by-3=0 (·:(a,b) liesonC) Hence
=LB,IG+� t e tangent in (b) passes t hrough A,
(c) If h
16D.7 HKDSEMASP I-13
PR= ,/-(---,4---6-)'_+_(_2 _
_ 17_)
_ 2 = 25
a(-3)+b(0)-3=0 =;> a = -1 (ii) [l) P.QandRarecollinear.
4 -3
=;,- b=±�=±JZ (a) ml, = 3 =;,- mi2 = 4 (2) QR= radius of circle = Vr,6°1�+'1"7'- _-sz25" - 10
Tb<n:fo1e.,boclruruisdi:.ogie,,dwilh. Since Sis in Qu ad II. S= (a,b) = (-1, -J2) Area of l::,,OPQ PQ 25-10 3
-3
:. EqnofL2: y-9= (x-4) => 3x+4y-48=0
4
Area ofl::,,OQR QR = -,-- o =2

377 378
160.11 HKDSE MA 2014 I 12 ( b) (i) r is the angle bisector of LOHK. 16E Polar coordinates
(a) Radius ofC = y'(6-o)1+ (ll-3)2 = IO (ii) OK=14
OH=v'§!:i:TI'i-15 16E.1 HKCEEMA 2009 I- 8
:. EqnofC: (x-0)2+(y-3) 2 =I02
=> x1+y2-6y-9I =0 HK= ,/(9-14)2+ (12-0)Z= 13 (a) L.POQ = 213° -123° = 90°
Perimeter of 6OHK =42 b,.OPQ is right-angled.
(b) (i) Eqn of r:
(x-6) +(y-II)2 = (x-0)2+(y-3)2
2 14x 12
Area of b,.QHK = � = 84 (b) k2 +242 =252 * k=7
-12x-22y+l57 = -6y+9 Perimeter= 7 +24+25 = 56
. . . 42x84
3x+4y-37=0 From (a), radius of"mscnbed circle= � = 4
(ii) r is the perpendicular bisector of AG. Let the in-centre beJ(hA). 16E.2 HKDSE MA PP - I - 6
(iii) The quadrilateral is a rhombus . (a) LAOC=337° -157° =I80 °
Perimeter=4 x Radius=40 A, 0 and Care collinear.
(b) LAOS= 247° -157° =90°
Method 1 OB is the height of D.ABC with AC as base.
By tangent properties, (13 + 15) x 14
Area = 196
HR=HP= 15-h 2
OQ=OP=h =a> {
A ·NH---. Rf Q KR=KQ= 14-h 16E.3 HKDSEMA 2013 I 6
r HK=l3=(15-h)+(14-h) => h=8 (a) L bisects LAOB.
H (b) Suppose L intersects AB at P.
130° -10°
LAOP=-- --=60°, OP=OAcos60° =13
2
16D.12 HKDSEMA2016-I-10 The intersection=P= (13, 10" +60°)=(13, 70° )
(a) Eqn of r:
(x-5)2+(y-7)2 = (x-13)2 +(y-t) 2 16E.4 HKDSEMA ?016 I-7
-I0x- l4y+ 74 =-26x-2y + 170 (a) LAOB=l35° -75 ° =60"
4x-3y -24=0
(b) OA = OB= 12 and LAOS= 60 °
(b) H= (6,0), K=(0,-8) => D.AOB is equilateral.
Since LHOK = 90°, HK is a diameter of C. Perimeter= 12 x 3 = 36
Diameter=�= 10
(c) 3
Circumference ofC=10,r =31.4 > 30
:. YES
Mgrhod 2
160.13 HKDSEMA2017-I-l3 Let the inscribed circle touch OH at P.
In 6OJP, op2 = OJ2 -PP
(a) Radius=y'(-6-2)2+(5+1)2=10
:. EqnofC: (x-2)2+(y+I)2=I02 = (-Vhl+4i)l_42 = h2
⇒ x2+y2-4x+2y-95=0 In6HJP, PH 2 =HJ2=-N -'
2

(b) Method J From the standard form = cv 1h -"',TT � �1=2i�1 ·i2-42

i'�+ �1,-
FG= y'(-3-2)2+ (11 + 1)-l = 13 > Radius =h2 -I8h+l29
:. Outside OP+PH-OH
h+-Jh2 -18h+ 129 = 15
Method 2 - From the general form
h - 18h+ 129 = 225-30h+h2
2
Put F: LHS = (-3)2 + (ll) 2 -4(-3 ) +2{11) -95 h=8
=69>0
:. Outside H
(c) (i) F, G and Hare collinear.
y+l - ll+l
('·,·i Roq.=o•. - => I2x+5y-I9=0
... ..,.. x-2 _3_2

16D.14 HKDSE MA 2019 I 17

(a) Let/ be the in-centre of ,6.CDE. Then the perpendiculars
from I to CD, DE and EC are all r.
r,CD r-DE -EC
a= � + �+ r
�
r(CD+DE+EC) r
(p) =a> pr=2a
2 =2
E Hence.
1� (8,4)
v-4 12-4
Eqn of HJ (i.e. I') is
� *
�-8 = 9-8
y=8x-60

D�C

379 380
 17 Probability 17B.ll HKALEMS 1994 17B.17 HKALEMS 1998-6
(') (·,) Requiredp= g x (1-0.8%) = 0.12 4
(a) BB, BG, GB, GG . I
17A Counting principles 17B Probability (short questions) (b) (i) BB, BG, GB

17A.1 HK.ALEMS 1995 3 17B.1 HKCEEMA 1981(1/3)-1-3 (ii) Requiredp =

I 1
= 2 5
(ii) Requiredp g( l-0.8%)+ g(l -0.2%) + g
3
= 0.9985
(a) No ofways = CJ 8cfCZ=17153136 . I I
Method I Requrredp = = . i(0.8%) _ 2
(CJ�Cf )(C�Ocf)(tjCf) 4040536 9 17B.12 HKALEMS 1994-3 (b) Requi.redp = -
(b) Required p qo 780 1-0.9985 3
17153136 17153136 34 2 I I The shortestpaths must consist of 6 steps, among which 2 are
Method 2 Requi redp = 4() x 3
9 780 = 'up', 2 are 'forward' and 2 are 'right'.
17B.18 HKALEMS 1999-5
(a) No of ways= C1(1Ci = 90
17A.2 HKALEMS 1999-6
(a) Noofways=Picf8= 160160
17B.2 HKCEEMA 1982(1/3)-1-6 (b) (i) Noofways=Cfcfc/ =6 =
(a) Required p = cJ 0(60%)5(1-60%)5 0.200658
(b) 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16
3 I
(a) Requrredp = 36 = 12
. 6
(ii) Required p = 9()= I
IS (b) Expected no= IOx 60% = 6
=0.201 (3 s.f.J

. 3 I
(b) Requrredp = 36 =l2 (c) Required p= (l -0.200658)2(0.200658) = 0.128 (3 s.f.)
17A.3 HKALEMS 2011 - 5 17B.13 HKALEMS 1994 7
(c) Requiredp =l-_.!_ _ _.!_=� (a) Let the percentage of homosexualpersons by p.
(Ea.ch route is a 8-step route consistingof 3 N's and 5 E's, such 12 12 6 17B.19 HKALEMS2000-6
as NNNEEEEE or NNENEEEE.) j Red�Tru,
178.3 HKCEEMA 1996 I 7 c'; I
(a) Method 1 1-p False (a) Requiredp=a=
(a) Area=1t"(l2)2-Jt"(2) 2 = l401t" (cm2) s 5
The routes are all possible routes subtracted by the routes
1401t" 1401t" 1225 P
going through Ti . (b) (i) Required p= 44Jt" x 1441r= True
(b) Required p =dc2 3
....Ll =-
No of routes=GJ-Cj = 21 1
1401t" 4Jt"
1296
35
3 Black�
l-p False q 5
Method2 (ii) Requiredp= 4 X Jt" 44Jt" X 2
1 41 648 = 790 = l 2
The routes are all the routes that start fro m the junction lN
178.4 HKCEEMA 1998 I 11 1200 3(p) +3 ( l - p) => P = 0.025 17B.20 HKALEMS 2000- 8
fromA. :. 2.5% are homosexual.
:. No of rout es=cl= 21 8 7
(a) Requiredp= l4 x }3 = l3
4 5 5
- ½(p) - ? (a) Requiredp=0.3x +o.7x =0.75
(b) Noofways=cJ-qxc[=26 (b) P(HomolTrue) - """'iw- L7% (3 s.f.) 9 6
4432 15 (b) Let a be the probability of generating game A.
(b) Requiredp = + x + x =
13 14 13 14 13 13 5
ax +(1-a)x
9
5 2
=
6 3 => a=0.6
17A.4 HKDSEMA 2018 I 15 17B.5 HKCEEMA 1999 I 12 I7B.14 HKALEMS 1995-5
P(Ga meA)=0.6, P(GameB)=0.4
(a) Requiredno=8!=40320 (a) Requiredp=75% x20% 0.15 =
(b) Required no= ptx 6! 8640= 2 3 3 2 3
(b) Requiredp = 5x4+5x4=5
17B.21 HKALEMS 2001-6
17B.6 HKCEEMA2000 I-12 c'; 3
17A.5 HKDSEMA?0l9-I-15 (a) Requrred p = � =
. 9 I CjO -10
Required no= cJ1+11-CJ 1 = 200914 (a) Requrred = =
(i
p 900 1 00
9x9x9 81
.
(b) Required p = =1
.
(b) Requm:d p = cfo g
� l00 = P(Noaccident)= 70%x 99%+30% x 88%=0.957
30%x 88% (c) Method I
l 81 9 (a) P(HjNo accident)=�= 0.276 (3 s.f.) CJ+ cfq �
Required p =
(c) Requiredp=l- - = =
100 100 50 (b) Method 1
10%x 99%
qo 15
17B.7 HKCEE MA 2004 I 8 P(LjNo accident)=� = 0.724 (3 s.f.) Method
--- 2
(a) Requi redp = �9 Method2 Required p = I -P(2 heaviest selected) = 1- c�io = 15M
P(LjNo accident)= I -0.276 = 0.724 (3 s.f.) s
' ' 22
(b) Re quiredp=l-P(bothodd)=l- ( 9) ='ff
17B.15 HKALE MS 1996 6 17B.22 HKALEMS ?QOJ -7
17B.8 HKCEEMA 2006 I 8 (a) P(Accepted) = P(A)P(AcceptediA) +P(BP(AcceptedlB) 58% x39%
(a) Sum=llxl0 => k=24 (a) Required
(b) Required p = � = �5
= ½ X (1-4%) 2 +& X (I-1%)2=0.95085 p
0.375=
65% X 48%+58% X 39% + 50% X 13%
IO ½ X (1-4%) 2 (b) Requiredp=(0.375) 2 (1-0.375) 2=0.0343 (3 s.f.)
(b) P(AIAccepted) 0.485 (3 s.f.)
17B.9 HKCEE MA 2008 I 5 0_98085
Favourable outcomes: 4&6, 3&7 17B.16 HKALEMS 1997 7 178.23 HKALEMS 2002- 5
2
· ·· Roqwredp � - - = � (a) P(Not working) =0.15 x 0.24 =0.036 l 6 l 4 1 2 15
3 x2 3
=
(b) P(Working) 1-0.036=0.964
(a) Requiredp = 'jx g+3x7 +3x7=23
17B.10 HKCEE MA 2009 I 5 ⇒ Required p =
0.85
0_964
= 0.882 (3 s .f.) (b) Requiredp =
l X§
= Y 't5
Re uired =
q
7+21
p 7+21+30+53+57+32
7
5() =
(c) Required p = (0.964) 9 (0.036) 0.0259 (3 s.f.)

381
17B.24 HKALE MS 2002-8 178.31 HKALEMS2011 5 17B.40 HKDSEMA2016 I-9 17C Probability (structural questions)
(a) 3W, 3Y, 2RIW, 2RIY. 1R2W, IR2Y, 2WIY, IW2Y, (Each route is a 8-stcp route consisting of 3 N's and 5 E's, such (a) x=2+4=6
IRIWIY y=37-15 = 22 17C.l HKCEEMA 1980(113)-1-14
as NNNEEEEE or NNENEEEE .)
(b) Requiredp = q;
c2c11 = ii
5
(a) Method I
The routes are allpossible routes subtracted by the routes
z=37+3=40
(b) Requiredp=
22-6 2
=5
. 9 2 3
{a) Rcquiredp = x = 5
w 3
� . 19291213
going through Ti . (b) Reqmredp=iox x +1 x x :
io 3 0 3 3
(c) Method I
P(lRIWIY) No of routes= Cj-cj = 21
Requiredp
5()

P(Exactly IR) 17B.41 HKDSEMA 2016 15 ' ' 21

(c) Requiredp=l- (1- ) =
. 5
PjJ1 5
Merhnd2
The routes arc all the routes that start from the junction IN
'§
Reqwredp = = 17C.2 HK.CEEMA 1983(A/B)-J-11
Method2
Required p = ?(Exactly lWIY after IR is selecte d) (4+S)! 42
cfcf 6
from A.
No of routes=cZ: 21 (a) Required p= 0.63 =0.216
= qi =11 (bl Noofways=C�-Ci xcf = 26 17B.42 HKDSEMA2017 T 7 (b) Requiredp= (1 -0.6)3 = 0.064
178.25 HK.AL E 2003 12
MS c J-C/xcf _ 9 1 (c) Requiredp=Gt(0.6){0.4)2 = 0.288
(cl Required p 2--''!,= (a) x=360° x 9 =40°
cf 56 (d)
(a) Required p = 1- P(No boy)-P(No girl)
360° -90° -158° -40 °
Method I
Required p = 1- 0.216-0.064-0.288 = 0.432
cf c.)3 38743 (b) No ofstudenls =180: 900
= 1- cJo - c3o = 39150 = o.990 17B.32 HKALEMS2013-4 3600 Method 2 Requiredp =C1(0.6)2{0.4) = 0.432
' ' 4' 7
P(4or5or6girls) (a) Requiredp=(l)' x4+;f4"=ii4 17B.43 HKDSEMA2017-l 11 17C.3 HKCEEMA 198 4(A/B)-I-ll
(b) Requiredp 4
Prob in (a) (a) (80+b)-61 =22 =:,, b=3
�
=1 (a) (i) Requiredp=(½)
2
erci'-te?c� +cJ7c/
3
(bl Required p = h 61 +···+{70+a)+···+S3 =¾
4X4 8
3

---,�q"
.�"�,-- =0.657 15
= 70
3'Ji3ij 17B.33 HKDSEMA SP I 16 Median=$69. SD=$7 .33 (ii) Requiredp : .!. x 3=.!_
' 3
E2004-6
17B.26 HKALMS �xG; JO (b) Required p = � = � (iii) Re quiredp = l - .!. = �
(a) Required p = ----- = 21

ri
15 5 3 3
1 99 C:
(a) Rcquiredp:l-P(a113samc)=1-( io)' 10 11 (i) Required p=
(b) Required p 1- 178.44 HKDSEMA2017 I 17 (} =
= 21 = 2J
= Too (b)
. 3!
(b) Reqwred p = 1 = 3 cH& 5 4 + (2)' (')'= 17
03 500 17B.34 HKDSEMAPP I-13 (a) Requiredp = �7H = (ii) Requiredp=
d 3876
' 49 ? + ?
3
49
(c) Requiredp= ci(�f = (a) Number of students=6 + 20 = 40
6
(ili) 1:5 . (iii) Requiredp = 1 - .!..?_ =�
(b) Reqmred p= dc.) ¾: -35
49 49
5

=> k=40-6-ll-5-I0:8 969

17B.27 HKALEMS 2004-10 17C.4 HKCEE MA 1985(A/-I- B) 10
C5
. 35 37
(a) Requiredp = 7.5% x 94% + (1-7.5%) x 14%=0.2 17B.35 HKDSEMAPP-1- 16 (c) Reqwred P-
-1 - 5 _ 31 3 + 2+ l � = .!_
3876 - 969 - 3876 (a) (i) Requiredp= =
(l-7.S%)xl4% Cl8 68 36 36 6
(b) Rcquircdp 0.6475 (a) Required p = ....i... = - 6 4
0.2 CJO 609 178.45 HKDSEMA2018-I 4 (ii) Requiredp= + =2_
36 18
178.28 HKALEMS 2007 6 . 68 cf 530 8 2 . 5 ' 169
(bl Required p = l 7
- 609 - CJO = 609 n+5+8 = 5 => n= {b) (i) Reqwredp : (1- is) = 4
(a) Method I 32
17B.36 HKDSEMA2012-J-16 (ii) Requiredp=? x 2_ X � = �
178.46 HKDSE MA 2019 I 8 - 18 18 162
. C! x (Cf)4 8 (a) 2 17C.S HKCEE MA 1986(A/B)- I-13
(a) Reqwredp =
--C-,.-= ii ' 144° 54° 72° 90°
(b) Metfwd I (b) Mean=2X 3 5 + (a) (i) Required p = �
{b) Requiredp = 1-�:2. 3600 + X 3600 + X 3600 7 X 3600 =4
13 13 . 72+90 9
(c) Rcqu1rcdp = = (ii) Required p = 2 = 2-..
36() 20 75 25
178.37 HKDSEMA201 3-J-16 2 4
17B.47 HKDSEMA2020-l 15 {iii) Requiredp = � = fs
l7B.29 HKALEMS 2009 - 5 (a) Requ iredp cicp +qcp __ _ 7
(a) Requiredp: l-Cj5(36%)(64%) 14-c.)5(36%)2{64%)13 cJ6 23
1sa The re- probol>ility-= c:+c: {b) (i) Requircdp=.!.x.!.=.!.
.
-Cf5 (36%)3(64%)12= 0.847 (b ) Reqwredp l 27 . C:'.,. 3 3 9
l-2S=28 "' (ii) Requiredp=� x2! = �
(b) Required p
=

cf(36%)(64%) 4 x cf{36%)(64%)4 xtj(36%)2(64%):i x3

17B.38 HKDSEMA. 2015- I- 3 (iii) Requiredp=l-..!.x3=�
cJ5(J6%)4(64%)11 Therequiredpmabilit;•=l- �6;
= .'1876

b 9 3
1+2+3 = ]._ 6
50 Requir edp= 17C.6 HKCEEMA 1987{AIB)-l-13
=91 =0.549 4x5 10 = 387
m,
6
(a) Required p = �
178.30 HKALEMS 201 1 - 4 178.39 HKDSEMA2015-l-J6
(a) Required p 1 4 '
ctC29 360 (b) Requiredp
2
= 0.75 (1- 0.55 ) + 0.75( 1- 0.75)(1- 0.55) . (a) Requued P = = 6 x S = fs
C'J4 = 1001
2 2

=0.468 . 1 1 1
(cI R eqwredp = 6X 5=30
05
(b) Required _ 0.75 x . 5(1-0.55) 2 0.349 (b) Requiredp=l- c:! de!
{4--1..d--=- 1
2
3 1
5
P- 1-(l-0.55)2 C4 C4 11 (d) Requiredp=6X 5=
l()

383 384
17C.7 HKCEEMA1988-1-ll 17C.13 HKCEEMA 1994-J-9 17C.18 HKCEEMA2005-I-11 17C.23 HKCEEMA2010-I-14

!3
3 I . d 2s
(a) (i) Median= 70 marks
(a)(i)R equiredp= (�) = . p=2
(a)Requrred a( )(i) Required p = o =
(ii) IQR=86-50=36(marks) 3 c{ 45

!!!
. 1 I 1 I
(b) (i) Number of students= 600-540 = 60 (b) Requ1redp = 2X2X2=s . c2 d 16
(ii) Required p = (; r = (ii) Requiredp = �/ = 45
(ii)Requiredp = =
Io 2 I I 3

(TQ) (fo) = 1too

6: (c) Required p=t- x = 4 . 28 16 44
2 2 (iii) Method 1 Requrredp = 45+ 45 =
. qo 59 (b) (i) Requiredp= 45
--k
(i ii)(1) Reqwredp . l l I 1
= doo = 5990 (d)Requrredp=2x x =g
. (;540 1139 (ii)Requiredp =
9 27
1000 X = 1000
3 17C.19 HKCEEMA2006 1-14
2 2 Method 2 Requiredp = I
C2
= �
45
(2) Reqwredp = 1- qoo = 5
990 . I l l 1 17 (b) i( ) Alice's mean =275 s, Betty's mean= 272 s <275 s
c( )Requrredp = x7+ x = (,)(i) Class A: IQR =39-18 =21(marks)
2 2 lQ 140 :. Betty
17C.8 HKCEEMA1989-l-13 ClassB: IQR=25-11=14(marks)
(ii) Alice got 3 results < 267 s but Betty only got L
(ii) ·: IQRofB<lQRofA
(•) {p
=
Jq -=> q=0.25 17C.14 HKCEEMA1995-I-11 .·. Class B is less dispersed. :. Alice
p+q= l (a) (i) p=l-5=
4 I
qs+10cf 297
.
(b) (i) Requrred p =

-*
n n-1 n(n-1)
( b) (i) Requiredp= l{)x -9- = 9Q (ii) q=O, r=l
5
� = 700 17C.24 HKCEEMA2011 I 14
..ll n(n-1) > I *,i' - n - 30>0
I I (cfs +cio)cf 1089 (a)Requiredp=-2..(1-!)+2(1-!)=�
( )
90 3
(b) (i) Requiredp=? X, (ii) Required p
' C '° 4900 12 6 12 3 24
=} n<-5orn>6 - } 1 1 2 !089 5 2 5
( ii) (1) Required p=2x + = (b)(i)R'dequrre p= x3=g
Possible n's=7,8,9,10 3 z 3 (ii i)Required p = � = 6
2 4 8
l 4 1 3 7 (2) Required p = 3 X 5 = is . 3 2 2 2 2
., Requrredp = ( 12·3) X (u·3) =99
(c) Required p= x + x = ('')
2 6 2 6 12 17C 2. 0 HKCEE MA2007 15
. p = SO 48 3 (iii) P{both not making complaints)

(1z �-D+i
17C.9 HKCEE MA 1990 I 13 (a)(i) Required =
ire 12 2
17C.15 HKCEEMA 1997-I-14
5 ( +2
(a) (i) Requ d p = 3x3= 9 . cf) 156 . 12 = 3 = �·D·(�·D
(•) (i) Requrredp = (;;) Requ1red p =
do = 245
H
l 1 l 4 so w 62 1
(ii) Requiredp= x + =g
J 3 3 ci0 0 16
(ii) Requiredp = cio1 =
c . 48+4 13
(iii) Reqmred p = 80 = 2Q
= >2 =a> YES
99

49 . !2 1
(b) (i) Requiredp=�x! x�=�
C10- (iv) Requiredp = 4S =
9 3 3 81 9 4 17C.25 HKALEMS 1994 11
(ii)Requiredp=
(I
x
I)' (I)'
+
IO
=sf
(iii) Required p =
Jo = 245 . ci 6
(i) Requrred p = cjo =
3 (,) (i) Requiredp = Cj(30%)3{70%)4 = 0.227
3 3 J (iv)Requiredp=0 -
(b)
79 (iii) Requiredp
17C.10 HKCEEMA199l-I-IO . 156 9 33 . - c,28 c�6 3 141 1 = 1- P{next day dry)-P{nextday humid, then dry)
(b) (i) Requiredp = + = P(same size )= cjo + cjo + ?9 =
245 245 49 (ii) = l -30%-(70%)(30%) = 0.49
)'- (49'6)' - ( 2459 )'
<
. ("6
(a) (i)Requiredp=(l-70%)(70%)=0.21 - - 395 2
(ii)
Requiredp=70%+0.21 =0.91 (ii) Requrred p = 1- :. NO (bl (i) Required p = (1-0.9 () 1-0.8) = 0.02
Required p=0.91 X [60%+ (1-60%)(60%)]
(iii) 245 (ii) Required p = P(20 dry, 21 dry) +P(20 hmd. 2[ dry)
=0.7644
= 0.487 17C.21 HKCEE MA 2008 I 14
=0.02+ {0.9){0.9) = 0.83
9 3 0.02
(a)(i) Reqmre'd p .
(b) Expected number=10000x 0.7644 = 7644 =n=s (iii) Required p = =0.0241
17C.16 HKCEEMA 2002 I 12 . 8 X 15 4 0.83
17C.11 HKCEEMA 1992-I-I0 (,) (ii) (I) Requrredp = = 2J
2 3 0<x<5 66 Certificate C�6
,( )(i) Requrre
. dp = I
-s=s 5<x<15 34 Book coupon
15<x<25 64 Bronze medal
. -c� c�5 cP 419
(2) Required P = l - c � - q6 - j6 =
f c 6 0 3
17C.26 HKALEMS 1995 11
(a) Required p = 1-(1-2%)5 = 0.096079 = 0.0961 (3 s.f. )
(ii) Requiredp=l-i=� (c) (i) Method 1
7 7 25<x<35 26 Si lver medal

*
17C.22 HKCEEMA 2009 I 14
3 I 3 35<x<50 IO Goldmeda l Requiredp
(iii) Requiredp = 5 X 7 = 3S (a) For BrandA,
(b)IQR=23-4=19 1050•8+ 1150-50+ 1250-42+ 1350· 10+ 1450· 10 =P{22 good)+P(21 good 1 bad)+P(20 good 2 bad}
(iv)Requiredp = � ( 1-½) = (c) Numberof medallists=200-100 = 100
m�,
120 = co.903921 )22 +cp{0.903921)21 (0.096079)
= 1220 (h) +cz2 2 (0.903921 )20(0.096079)2
. c1 ° I
= 0.64455 = 0.645 (3 s.f.)
I 2 4 (i) Requrredp = cloo = 11 For BrandB,
(b) (i) Requiredp= 7 x 7 x2= 49 ' 0
mean
1050·4+ 1150· 12+ 1250-40+ 1350-36+ 1450-28
120
Merhod2
. I c,26 ct' 1282 Requ ired p = P{lst 20 accepted)
(ii) Requiredp = nx �) x G x�) x2= I�� (ii} Reqwred p = l - UO - cJ'oo - cJ'oo = = 1310 (h) > 1220 {h)
2475 :. Brand B +P(l rejectedin Isl 20, 21st accepted)
. 8+50+42 5 +P(2 rejected in 1st 21, 22nd accepted)
17C.12 HKCEE MA 1993 I 13 (b) (i) Requrredp = � =
6 = (0.903921)20
(a) (i)Requiredp=0 .65 x 0.45 =0.2925 17C.17 HKCEEMA2003-I-l6
3
{a x ½ =fa- . 5 99 7 +cj0 (o.096079)(0.903921)20
(ii)Requiredp=0.2925+(0.25+0.1) x 0.55= 0.485 (a)Requiredp = (ii)Reqwredp = l-5 X D9 =
238 +ci {0.096079) 2 (0.90392I)20
. 40000x70% ' 49 . 231 23 1 73 + 1( - c") 3
=0.64455 = 0.645 ( s.f.)
238 2 1 cf
(b)(i)Requiredp= ( = (iii)Method 1:requiredp= 2 ·
60000 ) 225 (b) (i) Requrred p = 25x
2 = SO 2
20 (0.903921 )20
(ii) Requiredp 0.206
40000 x70%+20000x40% 2 _ 9 779 0.64455
(ii)Req. p --(
60000
)
- 25
i( i) (1)Requiredp = � x -2..+!x � = �
3 20 5075 3 = 1428 (d) (l-r%}5;:::,,0.95 =a> l-r%;:::,_ijo]j => r:51.02
9
. d p = 1 -25 - (
(ii i) Require
60000- 6000 2 12 3 34 41
(2) R equiredp =1 - 75 = 75 .
Method 2: requrredp = 1
5 56 II 779
-6 x 120 = IB > 1428
Henc e, th e greatest acceptable valueof r is 1.02.
60000 ) = 25
.·. Meth od 2

385
17C.27 HKALEMS 1998 3 17C.33 HKALEMS2005-6 17C.37 HKDSEMA2013- I IO
(a) Median=(161 + 162) �2 = 161.5 ( cm) aq 14
(a) Requi red p = (;it = J3
(a) Median= 31

(b) (i) Requiredp= (�) 3 (lo) =0.105 '

. �xP.2 -I
Mode=23
(b) (i) (60+b)-(20+a)=47 => b-a=1
3 (b) ( i ) Method] Reqmredp= 2 .-.4 2 = ·: 0$a$5a nd1.S:b$9
r, 6
(ii) Requiredp=C§(�/(fo) =0.0684 (a,b) = (0, 7), (1,8) or (2,9)
Method 2 Required p = � = -
C' 1 3 +3+3+3+2+9+9 8
17C.28 HKALE MS 1998 5 '-'i 6
(ii) Requiredp
20x 13 65
(a) (i) No of arrangements= IO! =3628800 (ii) Method 1
(ii) No of arrangements=9! x2! = 725760 --_-d 14 1 qcy PJ.xP:f 14
R e qurre P= 33 x + c12 x � = 99
(b) (i) No of arrangements= 10! = 3628800 ' ' 17C.38 HKDSEMA2014 I 19
. 6 6+ (')'1
1 (')'l6+ (')'l
6
(ii) Method I . 14 1 tjcj c? 14 (a ) R eqmredp = 6+ 6 6 6+ ...
N o of arra ngements= (9!-8!) x 2! = 645120 Method2 Reqmredp = x + x =
- ¾ -6
33 6 Cf q gg
Method2
No ofarrangements=Cj x4! x2! x5! x2! =645120 -1-m2-11
Method3 l 7·2! 75
No of arrangements= 8! x2 x 8 = 645120
17C.34 HKALEMS 2010-5 (b) (i) Expectedno=l0xg+5x�=32
(a) 49-(20+a)=27 => a=2 (ii) Expected no of tokens with Option 2
17C.29 HKALEMS 1999 7
(a) (i) Requiredp= 0.015 x 0.030 = 0.00045
49+ .. ·+(80+b) 22+49+··· +(80+b)
20 21
=2 = 50x3..!._2 +10x 6·3!
3 3 +5x
7x2xCi _ 485
g3 - 25 6
(ii) Requiredp= 0.Ql5 x 0.025 x 0.030=0.00001125 1274+b 1296+b _ 75
i Requiredp=0.00045+0.025 x 0.030-0.00001125
( ii)
-,-o- - � - 2 <32
= 0.00118875 =0.001189 (4 s.f.) b=6 :. Option I
X=(1296+6) +21 =62 . 1 (l 7-2!)
(b) Requi red p =0.030 ... p( Ada gettingno tokens)= 1- 6 x g + �
(m)
0.015 x0.030 . CJ5 1001
(b) (i) Require dp = cw = 7752
•
(c) Required p 0 379 13
0.00118875 . = 16 <0.9
17C.30 HKALEMS 2002 7 . 1001 c5,c,15 937 :. NO
(ii) Reqmredp= l------�--
(a) Mean= 61 7752 CJO 1938
(b) Sincethere are two m odes, one deleted mark is 54.
The other mark=61 x 22- (61 + 1.2) x 20- 54 =44
( c) R eqmre
. dp =
Ci I 17C.35 HKALE MS 2012- 6
c�o = J9 (30+a) +52+···+92+(90+b)
17C.31 HKALE MS 2003 11 (a) =71
30
(a) Requiredp = �
2120+a+b=2130
" a+b=lO
(b) (i) Requiredp=p (90+b)-(30+a)=56 => a-b=4
(ii) p+p+!=l => p=(t-!)+2=!_.2._ Solving. a= 1. b = 3
n n 2 2n => er= 12.7
... I l
0 .46 => n2':12.5-"? '··· c;q 42
(m) z- 2n 2': .u=tn=l3 (b) Required P = C13 =
143
5 '1 625
(c) (i) Requiredp = ( ) =

. l (')'l (')'l (')'1

6 6 7776
(ii) Requ1tedp = 6+ + 6 6+ 6 .. 17C.36 HKALEMS?OJ3 11
6 6 6+
6 (a) (i) Requiredp=l-(l-q)2=2q-q2
¾
= i-(¾)2 =u >
(ii) 2q-c,--=
7
16
=> q=0.25orl.75(rejected)
3 ) (i) P(aweekisjullyengaged)=(l-q)5=0.755
(iii) Requiredp (r-fr)-C¾H-W ¾
625 (b
1- fr 1296 Requiredp=cf(0.75 5 )(1- 0.755 )3 x0.755
= 0.0999
17C.32 HKALEMS ?004 11
-- 5 = I
.
(a) Requiredp = c:1(70%)4(30%) x 0.7 = 0.252105 (o) (i) Reqwre d p= 0?5
1024
10 0 9 (ii) Requiredp=q(o.45) 2 (0.253 +cf(0.25)2(0.3))
(b) (i) Requiredp=l-(0.7) -c/ (o.7) (0.3)
0 2 7
-cj (0.7) (0.3) - CjO (0. 7) (0.3)
8 3 =0.1455
= 0.350389 = 0.350 ( 3 s.f.) (ill) P(6 ale switched oft)=C'f(0.25)(0.3)4
CiiJ Requiredp = cJ (o.7)6 (0.3)4 +cl0co.7f(0.3)5
0 q
+q' (0.25)2c� c 0.3)~(0 .45) + co.25)3 (0.45)2
=0.303040 = 0.303 (3 s.f.) =0.117703125
c1(0.25)(0.3)4
(ii ) Re quiredp = = 0.865
i 0.303040
Requiredp l "" 0.914
0.350389 0.117703125
(c) (i) Requiredp= (0.350389) = 0.123
2
(ii) Requiredp = (0.350389)(0.7) !0 x2 =0.0198

3'8
 18 Statistics 18B Measures of central tendency
18B.1 HKCEEMA 1983(8)- I-3
18A Presentation of data 18A.7 HKCEEMA200 7 I 12 500
63• (a) Class mark=54.5
18A.l HKCEEMA1982(1)-I-7 (a) k=17x = (b) Mean=(44.5x100+54.5 x 300+64.5x400
1530 7
2 360° +74.5 X 200) +1000=61.5
(a) x=360x-- -=60 (b) No ofstudents=l7x 0=40
2+7+3 153
Similarly, y = 210, z = 90 (c) No of students with I key =40- 12-17- 7=4 ISB.2 HKCEEMA 1984(AIB)-I-2
2+7+3 . 4 I
(b) Total no. of students= 240 x-- -- =1440 Requrred p = 4() = IO
2 Ix10+2x10+3x 5+4x20+5x = 3(10+10+5+20+x)
(d) Bar: Yes. Scales on the vertical axis should be doubled. 125+5x= 135+3x ⇒ x=5
lSA.2 HKCEEMA1982(3)-l-12 Pie: No
360° 18B.3 HKCEEMA1986(A/B)-l-3
(a) Income= $2000x = 200
100 0 $7
(b) (i) (1) X=IQQ(J +30%)=130 18A.8 HKDSEMASP-1-9 61 x40+70x+50x 35 =60(40+x+35)
y=50 (a) 72=(1+20%)x => x=60 4190+70x=4500+60x ⇒ x=31
l00
z= 360-90(1 + 10%)- 130 (b) L. of sector representing District C= 78° > 72°
-20{1+30%)-50- 40= 15 :. NO.
15-60 18B.4 HKCEEMA1991-I-l
(2) % change = � x 100% = - 75% (a) 49.5
(ii) Income in April=$7200 x (1 +37.5%) = $9900 0 200 400 600 800 1000
18A.9 HKDSEMA PP I 13 (b)
90° 3 20-29 10 X
Expense on food=$7200x x (I+10%)
360 0 (a) Number ofstudents=6+
20
=40 30-39 10
=$1980 ⇒ k=40-6-11- 5-10=8 40-49 20
. %= 1980
Required
99
00 x 100%=20% fa
(b) (i) Required L. =360 °x =45 °
50-59 30
60- 69 10
I8B.8 HKCEEMA 1999 I 8
(a) x+l6l+168+159+161+152=158x6 => x=147
(ii) Suppose n new students will double the L. for orange.
18A.3 HKCEEMA 1985(A/B)-l-7 5+n 45° x2 20 Mean mark= (24.5 x 10+34.5x 10+44.4x20 (bl Median=(i59+161)+2=160(cm)

!���
= = +54.5 X 30+64.5 X 10) + 80 = 47
40+n 360° ⇒ n 3
L of sector representing Kowloon=90 ° x = 198 ° But since n must be an integer, there is non satisfying ISB.9 HKCEEMA 2000 I-11
the condition. NO. 18B.S HKCEEMA 1992-I-8
.. x"=360"-90"- 198° => x=72
n=4200x �° =3360 (a) 70(m+n)
(,)
Ir<2so 66I I j 26o<r<280 120 I
90 (b) 70(m+n)=75m+62n => 5m=Sn ⇒ m;n=B:5 (b) Mean=(210x3+230xl3+250x30
ISA.IO HKDSEMA2016-J-9 +270x20+290 x 9)..;. 75= 255 (s, 3 s.f.)
8
lSA.4 HK.CEEMA1998-I-10 (a) x=2+4=6 (c) No ofmen=39x- -=24 (c) Median=254 seconds
8+5
y=37-15=22 . 13+30
( ) (d) Reqwred % = �x100%=57.3% (3 s.f.)
, �x�S�7�0�-10�2� 6D<xS70 52 z=37+3=40
ISB.6 HKCEEMA 1994-1- l(d)
x::580 158 70<x::580 56
(b) The line x = 55 meets the c.f. polygon at around (55,29). Mean=50 Mode=65 Median=60 18B.10 HKCEEMA 2003 I 11
. 200-29 (a) (i) IO
Passmg %= x100% = 85.5%
� 18B.7 HKCEEMA 1996-I 14 (ii) 11.5
(a) 100- 20.0- 4.9-13.7- 26.3- 10.3- 1.1 = 23.7 (iii) 12
18A.5 HKCEEMA1999-1- I l
(b) Some round--off eJTOrs have accumulated. (iv) 16-10=6
(a) L of sector representing 'Repeated S.5' =72° (b) (i) (When all 4 new data are large,)
770 (c) (i)
No of boys who repeatedS.5=120x �0 =24 X d. Least possible median=(13+ 16) +2= 14.5
36
126° 'J X$ 0 70 (When all 4 new data are small,)
(b) Required % xl00%=46i% x<200 87 Greatest possible median=10
1260+144 0
126 ° x<400 135 (ii) New mean=(l2x6+11x4)710=Il.6
(c) No of boys promoted to S.6 in own school=120x x<600 218
360 0
=42 x<800 310 18B.11 HKCEEMA?006 -I 8
No of girls promoted to S.6 in own school= 80x22.5% x<1000 346
= 18 (a) llxl0=86+k ⇒ k=24
(ii) (See below)
. 42+18
Required %= ---ioo-x 100% = 30% (iii) For boys, median =490; for girls, median=410
(iv) Draw the vertical line x=700. It meets the polygons 18B.12 HKALEMS 1998-3
at around (700,390) (girls) and (700,265) (boys). (a) Median=(161+ 162) +2= 161.5 (cm)
18A.6 HKCEE MA 2006- I-9 Required no= 390+265 = 655
(a) X=360°- 40° - 90° -130° - 35°- 30° =35° (d) Referring to the first row of each table, the percentage of
3 188.13 HKALEMS 2002-7
(b) Total expenditure=$1750x �� =$18000 boys spending $0 (20.0%) is indeed higher than the per­
3 centage of girls spending $0 (15.0%). (a) Mean=61
(c) Expenditure on travelling=Expenditure on transportation However, the percentages have to be considered instead of (b) Since there are two modes, one deleted mark is 54.
=$1750 the frequencies because the total frequencies of boys and The other mark= 61x22-(61 + 1.2)x 20- 54 = 44
of girls are differero.

389 390
18B.14 HKALEMS2010 5 18C Measures of Dispersion (2) Method I Standard score
(a) 49-(20+a)=27 => a=2 78- 64.4
18C.l HKCEEMA 1980(3) I 8 S.S. in Maths= = 0.44
49+···+(80+b) ·n+49+· +(SO+b) -? �
20 21 (a) Class B (since its dispersion is greater) 78-63
S.S. in Eng= - - -= I > 0.44
1274+b 1296+b -? (b) 10 students fail the test. 15
_2_0_ - _2_1_ - - =:> StudenLS getting O, I and 2 marks fail the test. _ ·. Performance in Eng was better.
b=6 =? Min mark to pass test"" 3 Method 2 Use distribution
.i= (1296+6)+21 =62 In Maths, her score was the median. Thus. not
more than half of the classmates perform worse
18B.15 HKDSEMASP-I-14 18C.2 HKCEE MA1981(1)-I 6 than her.
(a) Median = 62% (a) The liney =25 meets the polygon at around (43,25). In Eng, her score was above the mean. Thus,
Mean= (55+58+62+62+63)+5 = 60(%) Pass mark=43 more than half of the classmates perform worse
than her.
(b) (i) 58% (when the new data are small) (b) The linex=40 meets the polygon at around (40,20).
.-. Performance in Eng was better.
(ii) (Mean unchanged "9" Mean of a and b = 60) 100- 20= 80 students would pass.
(iii) Newmean= (63 x 35+ 10) +35 = 63.3
(Median unchanged "9" a :5 62 and b � 62) (c) IQR=70-43=27
Possible pairs: (57, 63), (56, 64), (55, 65), etc.
(c) Possible reasonsforNO: 18C.9 HKCEEMA200l-I 10
- Toe week may not be randomly chosen. 18C.3 HKCEE MA1983(A)-1-3
- Only one stall is considered. (a) Mean= [(a-6)+a+(a+2)+(a+3)+(a+6)]+5 (,)
Class mid-value
Possible reasons for YES: =a+l Score (x) (Class mark) Frequency
-Toe week may be randomly chosen. (b) SD=SD of {-6,0,2,3,6} =4 44<x<52 48 3
- There may only be very few stalls in H. 52<x<60 56 9
60<x<68 64 15
18B.16 HKDSEMA2012-I-10 18C.4 HKCEE MA 1988 I 11 68<x<76 II
72
(a) Mean:=10+10+ •·+36)+20=18 (a) (i) Median=70 marks 76<x<84 80 2
Median=16 Score (less than)
(ii) IQR=86-50 = 36 (marks) (b) Mean=64
(b) (i) Newmean= Original mean= 18 (b) (i) Number ofstudents=600-540=60 SD=8
(ii) Letthe newdatabe19,20,aand b. 60 1 (c) S.S. = (76-64)+-8=1.5
Mean=18 =:> a+b=18x4-19-20=33 (-,-,) Required p = 600 = IO
lSC.7 HKCEEMA 1995 I 9 ( d) Let x be her score in the second test.
Since 19 and 20 exceed the original median, a and b ctDo = 59 x-58
must not exceed the original median if the median is (iii) (l) Required p = Ji (a) (i) 180 1.5= ---io "9" x=73
5990
unchanged. =:> a+b:516+16=32
Hence it is not possible.
- ctW 1139
(2) Required p= l - oo =
(ii) 60 :. The required score is 73.
ci 5990 (b) (25% of students=45)
(i) The horizontal line at 135 meets the graph at around
lSB.17 HKDSE MA2016 I-12
( 75,135). ISC.10 HKCEE MA 200? I 5
(a) Median=7.5 =:> No of6and 7=No of8.9and10 18C.5 HKCEEMA 1990 I 12 75 (a) 9.6
ll+a:= ll+b+4 (ii) The horizontal line at 45 meets the graph at around (b) 13
(a) (i) Modalclass=$6000-$7000
a=b+4
Median= S6500 (44 ,45). (c) 10
a>ll and4<b< JO
Mean= $6500 (since the distribution is symmetric) 44 (d) 4.59
(a,b) = (12,8) or (13,9) 7500+8500 4500+5500
IQR=Q3-Q1 (c)
(b) (i) Greatest possible median= 8 2 2 20<x<30 25 12
(when the4 new ages are 7, 8, 9 and 10) =($)3000 30<x<40 35 20 lSC.11 HKCEE MA2002 I 12
(ii) Mean is !east when the 4 new ages are 6, 7, 8 and 9. (ii) · · More data are close to the mean 40<x<50 45 28
·. SD becomes smaller. (a)
If (a,b)= (12,8), mean= (6x 12+ 7x 13 +8 x 12 50<x<60 55 32
✓
0<x <5 66 Certificate
+9 X 9+ JO X 4) + (12+ 13 + 12+9+4) =7.6 (b) SD= 9+ 4+1+�+1+4+9 =2 60<x<70 65 28 5<x<l5 34 Book coupon
If (a,b) =(13,9), mean= (6 x 12+7 x 14+8 x 12 70<x<80 75 30 15<x <25 64 Bronze medal
+9 X 10+ lQ X 4) +(12+ 14+ J2+ J0+4)=7,62 80<x<90 85 22 25<x<35 26 Silver medal
Least possible mean= 7.6 90<x< 100 95 8 35<x <50 10 Gold medal
18C.6 HKCEE MA1993 I 7
(d) Mean=59.6, SD=l9.0(3 s.f.) (b) IQR=23-4=19
lSB.18 HKDSE MA2018-I-11 (a)
9.5 20 (e) .i- a= 40.6, x+ o= 78.6
(a) (i) I
�!�
19.5 60 No. of students within this range= 146-34 = 112
(ii) 8 29.5 120 Required %= x 100% = 62.2% lSC.12 HKCEE MA2004 I 11
(b) (i) 3 (when the '9th 2· is the median)
(ii) 19 (when the' 1st 2' is the median)
39.5 170
49.5 190
(a) S.S. in Paper I=---rs:z
54-46.l
=0.520
�) �xk+lx2+2x9+3x6+4x� 59.5 200 66-60.3
S.S. in Paper II= � = 0.491<S.S. tn Paper I
+(k+2+9+6+7)=2 =? k=9 (b) (i) (See below)
18C.8 HKCEE MA1997 I 11 ·. NO.
Hence, IQR= 36-17=19 (or 35-17 = 18) (a) Mean=64.4, Mode=95, Median=78, SD=30.6
lSB.19 HKDSEMA2019 I 8 (ii) 200x60% = 80 students pass the test. (b) New mean=50.l marks
(a) 2 (b) There are several extremely small data. New median= 50 marks
: . The passing score should be 23.
(c) (i) Required mark=63+0.4xl5=69 Newrange = 91 marks
(c) SD:= 12.9
(d) SD= 12.9 (i.e. unchanged) (ii) (1) Required % = � x 100% = 48.6% (3 s.f.)

391 392
lSC.13 HKCEEMA 2005 I 15 (ii) Method I 18C.21 HKALEMS 1994 4 ISC.26 HKALE MS 2000- 5
(a) Mean=l22marks., SD=22m:uks Before the training, no speed was higher than 39 Weights of a group of 100 students (a) Median= 85 kg
(b) Top 20% = 4 students wpm. After the training, at least half of the speeds IQR = 91-75 = 16 (kg)
Mary's score= 122+22 = 144 marks,which is not within are 40 wpm or above. => YES.
(b)
the top 4 students. Method2
:. NO. Before the training, at least half of the speeds were
(c) (i) (Mean unchanged=> Datum deleted is 122.) 26 wpm or below. After the training, their speeds be­ 40
come at !east 27 wpm. => YES.
Required p = 2. Remarks
20 30
(ii) (Mean unchanged=> Sum of data deleted is 122 x2) To look for arguments against these claims, it is often --�6e8c'· -��'7c1 ---�----Wcight (kg}
60 70 7375 82 85 91 99
Required p = qo
2_ = 1._. helpful to provide yourself with a sketch of the box­
20 (c) No conclusion can be drawn as the diagrams show no indi­
95 and-whisker diagram for the other data.
vidual difference.
Before�-- 10

lSC.14 HKCEE MA2006 I 14 -. . ·.... !----cr::=:J-:-

I, ..
- ISC.27 HKALE MS 2001-3
(a) 48=66-{J0+a) => a=8
(a) (i) ClassA: JQR=39-l8=2l(marks) 26' 27 39 40· 30+b=36 => b=6
Class B: IQR=25- l l = 14 (marks) Weight (kg) c=6-1=5
(ii) IQR ofB<IQRofA (b)
(b) IQR=55-46=9(kg)
·. Class B is less dispersed. 42.5 X 20+ · · · +67.5 X 4
(c) Mean 50.8 (kg)
100
18C19 HKCEEMA2010-I-ll
18C22 HKALEMS 1995
lSC.15 HKCEE MA 2007-I - 4 (a) Mean=25
Median =26 (a) Stem (in 10) Leaf (in 1) - -
Median=67 kg 0 578 "1"- c, --,c,c,c8- -,c2___c66"6c8- Age
2 clc8c22
Range= 13
Range=25 kg 0 2 2 5 8 8 8 9
(b) (i) Letx be the mean age of the 3 new players. 5
SD=7.65kg 2 0 I 2 3 5 5 6 9
(55x22-31-31+3x)-:-23=25 => x=29. 18C.28 HKALE MS 2003 -5
0 2
.·. The required mean is 29. 4 (,) Stem (10 mins) Leaf(l min)
(ii) Median unchanged; If one new player is younger than 5 0 I 2 3 4 5 5
the median, the other two has to be older - then the 2 I 5 9
(b) Mode=18
lSC.16 HKCEEMA2008-I-I0 median will be the 12th datum; if two younger and 6 7
Median= 19
(a) a=4 one older than the mean, the median will be the 11th 4 I 7 9 9 9
IQR=25-12=13
h=37-12-4=21 datum instead (which is still 26). 5 2 4 7
c=50-a-12-b- l0=3 Range unchanged: New ages within 18 to 31 (b) (i) Revised median=49 mins
Possible ages: {25,31, 31 }, {26,30, 31 }, {27,29,31 }, 18C.23 HKALEMS1996-l
(b) Mean= 3.28 kg Revised IQR=60-25 = 35 (mins)
{28,28,31} (a) Mean= 59.4
SD=0.299kg (ii) Both will become larger.
Mode=74
IQR=72-50=22
(b) Mean becomes 57.4. lSC.29 HKALE MS 2004- 5
IQR becomes 72-49 = 23 (,)
lSC.17 HKCEEMA2008-I 14
(a) (i) Required p= .2_ = � 18C.20 HKCEEMA2011 I-10 ISC.24 HKALEMS 1997 ?
15 5 (a) Median=57 Monthly income
. 8x 15 4 (a) 26-18=8(° C)
(ii) (1) ReqU1red p = � = - Range=75-23 =52 - ,Cc -J7�20-------,2- ($1000)
J0
C2 21 (b) (i) Median=21.5 °C=70.7 °F
IQR=65-43=22
. ct c4 5 C� 3 419 1QR"" [;c22.s)+32J -[;(20)+32] =4.5 (0 F)
(b) (ii) Since the distribution is not symmetrical, the normal
(2) Requrredp=l-----"'---=---=-=­ (b) (i) Method I distribution is not an appropriate model.
q6 Ci6 Ci6 630 IQR in 2nd survey=67-50 = 17 < 22 => YES.
(b) ( i) Meclian = 5000 dollars Method2 (ii) Mean=;(22)+32=71.6( °F)
JQR = 6400-4300 =2100 (dollars) Range in 2nd survey=78-44=34 <52 ⇒ YES.
ISC.30 HKALEMS 2005 4
(ii) Extra $1000 to each salesgirl SD=;(2)=3.6(°F) (a) Change in mean= Change in sum+ 32
(ii) At !east 25% of the scores were 43 or below in the
first survey. They have all improved to at !east 44 in = (3 x 10) +32 = 0.9375 (cm)
the second survey. => YES ISC.25 HKALEMS 1999-3 (b) Median unchanged
(c) Mode unchanged
lSC.18 HKCEEMA2009-I-10 I f---
Before, ·.-.::•_'' ,:,,- j
(a)
. __!17 -··· Boys (d) Case I: The 3 data were 145, 145 and 146.
(a) Median= 26 wpm �-·i:-C:I:::J-----, After
- �-- Change in range=-1
Range= 27 wpm Case 2: The 3 data were 145, 146 and 146.
IQR = 35-21 = 14 (wpm) •; 4344
��
:, :, ' I I I
Range unchanged
(b) (i) Method I
Range after training=25 wpm < 27 wpm ⇒ NO __,_cc7c8c9-f11-c1c4�16c1c7_--- Rxntimc{0.l s) (e) OriginalIQR= 168-154=14
New IQR"" 168-155 = 13
Method2 (b) Equal chance since both of the probabilitieswill be 0.5 => Change= -1
IQR afiertraining=l2wpm<I4wpm => NO

"'
18C.31 HKALEMS 2Q06-4 18C.36 HKDSE MA PP- 1- 9 18C.43 HKDSEMA2014-I-4 18C.51 HKDSE MA 2020 T - 9
(a) Median = 18 (a) Least possible TQR = 0 Median=l
IQR=25-12=l3 (when I.her e are many many 2·s or many many s·s) 9a The mean is 5.4.
Modc = 2 The median is S.S.
(b) (i) Greatest possible IQR = 5 - 2 =3 SD= 0.889

.---[I]--� (b) 9+8>12+s ⇒ s<5 The sUmdarddcviation is 0.917 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.).
s = L 2, 3 or 4; i.e. 4 poss. iblevalues of s The new numbcrofstudcnts=8+12+ 16+4+1

-,-�-...,,li.___�-+-"t-�
18C.44 HKDSEMA2014-I-1! =41
(a) Range= 91 -18 = 73 (000 dollars) Therefore, lhe m�dian is the 21" smallest number af subjects taken.
18C.37 HKDSEMA PP I 15 IQR = 63-42 = 21 (0 00 dollars) Hence, lhe new mcdian ls 5.
-cc- c-c c--- Number (b) New mean= (53 x 33-32-34-58-59)-+29 The change in the median of the distribution= 5-5.5
�,------c,-7.e �== cc----c � (a) SD=(36-48)+(-2)=6
8 12 18 2526 30 35 41 46 afboaks 66-48 =54 (000 dollars) =--0.5
(ii) In 1st term. the maximum number was 30. In 2nd S.S. of John= --- � 3
6 New median=original med i an =55 (000 d ollars)
term. at least half of the numbers are 35 or above. (b) Mean unchanged 18C.52 HKPSE MA 2020 1-11
Hence, at least 50% of s tudents have read at least SD incrco.scs (since "more' data arc 'faraway· from mean)
(35-30 =)5 more books. Agreed. 18C.45 HKDSEMA .,015 I P
·. YES (decrease) Ila Thc iDter-C[Ull<rilcmagc-"38;38_23;23
(a) Mean= 55 kg
Median = 52 kg -,,15
ISC,32 HKALEMS 2007 -4
ISC.38 HKDSEMA 2012 I 7 Range=79-40 = 39 (kg) Sin,:e the� of the dism"'butioo.i;. the trip le <>f ii,. intcr.q,wtil<, ,;ani;o .
(a) (i) (k is the largest datum since 5.1 cannot be.)
(a) ao:::18. 1-6.8=11.3 (b) Let the new weights be a and b (kg). (S0+·..-J-11�15x3
k=l.2+5.3=6.5
b=l2.1+3.2=15.3 a+b+55x20=56x22 ⇒ a+b=132
(ii) Stem (I hour) Leaf(0.1 hour) Since the range is increased by only I, The modo ofthc: distribmi<>n is 38 �
'
1 2 8 9
1 1
3 6 7 9
' 3 4 4
(b) New longest time= 18.1 -2.9 = 15.2 (s)
Before the program. at least 25% of students take I 5. 3 s or
longer. After the program, they have shortened their time
If a=39, then b = 132-39 = 93 (rejected)
If b = 80, then a= 132-80= 52
The required _probo.bility- -to-
Hence the only possibility is52 kg and 80 J...--g. =]_
4 7 byat leastO.l s. =?- YES. ,0
5 1
lSC.46 HKDSEMA2015- l-15
6 5
(iii) Mean =3.05 hours 18C.39 HKDSEMA2012 1-15 (a) ScoreofDavid=66-0.5(12)=60
Median=2.4 hours (a) NewSD=10x(l+20%)=12 s . . @-� .
(b) .S. mSc1cnce = -- - = -0.3 > S.S. 1nMath s
(b) Mean will become llu};er. (b) Upon adjustment, the deviation of each score from the 10
M ed ian will be unchanged. meanis increased by 20% wh ile theSD i s alsoincreased by
D eviation
20%. By the formula S.S. = �• there is no change lSC,47 HKDSEMA2016-l-16
18C.33 HKALEMS 2Q08 6 in the standard score for each score.
SD= (22-61)-+ (-2.6) = 15
(a) k=Mean of the other 17 students =74
⇒ ScoreofMruy=61+1.4(15)=82
c3 C;5 105 Range 2': 82-22 = 60
(b) Required p = �iS =
' 272 18C,40 HKDSEMA 2013 I - 9
I x4+2x 16+ •·+7 x4 :. Theclaimiswrong.
(c) (i) SD=a=9.327 (a) Mean= 3. 5
Hence the interval is (74-2a+2a) = (55.3,92.7) 4+16+· +4
IQR=4-2=2 lSC.48 HKDSEMA 2017 I 11
55 is the only outlier. SD=l.5
(ii) Median unchanged. SD will decrease. (a) (SO+b)-61=22 ⇒ b=3
(b) New SD= 1.451456 61 +···+(70+a)+···+83
Change= 1.451456- 1.5 = 0.0485 15
18C.34 HKALEMS2011-6 M edian=$69, SD = $7 .33
(a) (40+b)19=743+(30+a)+(40+b) ⇒ a=l8b-5 3
Since a and bare integ ers, 0 $a$ 2 and O Sb S 3, 18C.41 HKDSEM A2013 1-10 (b) Required p= T'5 = �
b=3 ⇒ a=l (a) Median= 3 J
(b) 12.2 minutes Mode=23 18C.49 HKDSEMA 2018-I-10
(c) Range unchanged: New data within 26 and 69 tb) (i) (60+b)-(20+a)=47 ,::;- b-a=7 (a) a=27+21 =48
Menn unchanged: New data arc (43 -x,43 +x) 0$a:$_5and7$b$9 b= 19+43 = 62
SD is smallest when both new data arc 43. (a, b) = (0, 7), (I, 8) or (2, 9) (b) Least possible age in Team Y = 38-20= 18
⇒ Least possibleSD= l L6 mins . 3+3+3+3+2+9+9 8 Since 18 < 19, the range of h
t e new section would be larger
(·,,1 Required p =
SD is greatest when the dataare 26and 60. '.W x l3 65 than that ofTcamX. Disagreed.
⇒ Greatestpossible SD = 12.7 mins
lSC.42 HKDSEMA2013-I-l5 18C.50 HKDSEMA 2019 I-12
18C.35 HKALEMS 2Ql2-6 (a) Let Xand 0- be themean and SD. (a) IQR =72-(60+c)=8 => c=4
a (30+a)+52+···+92+(90+b) 9 0=.i:+3a X=60 (b) (i) (80+b)-(50+a)>3 4 ⇒ b-a>4
() 71 { {
30 65=X+0.5a ⇒ a=IO �+aj+60+�+-··+�+�+0=@xw
2120+a+b = 2130 -=> a+b=7
(b) Scores below the mean have negative standard scores.
a+b=10
From the box-and-whisker diagram, at least half of student� (a,b) = (0, 7) or (1,6)
(90+b)-(30+a)= 56 ⇒ a-b=4 (ii) SD is smaller when the data arc less disper sed.
scored 55 or below. Hence they must have negative stan­
Solving,a=7,b=3
dard s scores. ⇒ YES. :. Least possibleSD occurs when (a,b) = (1, 6)
⇒ a=12.7 By the calculator, Least possible SD= 7.34 (3 s.f.)

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