Department of Mechanical Engineering

S.Y.B. Tech.
Mechanical Engineering
Semester - III

Tutorial
Workbook

Mechanics of Solids
(18BTME303)

Academic Year 2021-22

Prepared By

Prof. Dr. Sandeep G. Thorat

Prof Abhijeet Chavan Prof. Ganesh Kekan

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that, Mr./ Miss_________________________________

Class ______________ Div: __________ Roll No.____________

Enrollment No. _____________________ has satisfactorily completed all

the tutorial work in the subject Mechanics of Solids, in the Academic Year

2021 - 2022, Semester – I, as prescribed by MIT ADT University.

Date:
Place:

Faculty In-charge Head of Department

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Structure and Syllabus

Mechanics of Solids
Course
Course Title Category
Code
Program
17BTME403 Mechanics of Solid
Core

Contact Hours per Week

CA FE Credits
L T D/P

3 1 0 40 60 4

Prerequisites: Fundamentals of engineering mechanics, Fundamentals of Materials

and Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Metallurgy, Engineering Mathematics
Course Objectives:
The student will able to;
1. Understand Mechanical behavior of the body by determining the stresses,
strains and deflections produced by the loads up to the elastic limit.
2. Conversant with fundamental concepts related to deformation, strain energy,
moment of inertia, and load carrying capacity.
3. Analyze concept of slope and deflection of beams, shear forces, bending
moments, torsional moments, principal stresses and strains.
4. Apply theories of failure in machine components.

COURSE CONTENT

Unit 1: Simple Stresses and Strains (9)

Concept of Stress and Strain - Types of stresses and strains, Hooke's law, stress
- strain diagram for mild steel, Working stress, Factor of safety, Lateral strain,
Poisson's ratio, volumetric strain, Modulus of Elasticity, Modulus of Rigidity,
Bulk Modulus and the relationship between elastic constants. Stress and strain
in Bars of varying cross section, composite bars, Temperature stresses, Concept
of strain energy, Resilience.

Unit 2: Shear Force and Bending Moment (8)

Definition of beam, Types of beams, Concept of shear force and bending
moment, Shear Force and Bending Moment diagrams for cantilever, simply

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supported and overhanging beams subjected to point loads, uniformly

distributed load, uniformly varying loads and combination of these loads. Point
of contra flexure, Relation between Shear force and bending moment, rate of
loading

Unit 3: Principal Stresses and Strains (9)

a. Normal and shear stresses and strain on any oblique plane, concept of principal
planes, maximum shear stresses, position of principal planes and planes of
maximum of maximum shear, Graphical solution using Mohr’s circle.
b. Theories of Elastic failure: Maximum principal stress theory, maximum shear
stress theory and distortion energy theory

Unit 4: Stresses In Machine Elements (10)

a. Bending Stresses: Theory of simple bending, Assumptions in bending theory,
Derivation of bending equation (Flexural Formula), Second moment of area,
Moment of resistance, Section modulus. Determination of bending stresses of
rectangular and circular sections (Solid and Hollow), I- Section and T- sections.
b. Shear Stresses: Concept, Derivation of Shear stress distribution formula, shear
stress distribution diagram for common cross sections like rectangular, circular,
triangular, I-section, T- section.
c. Torsion: Concepts, assumptions derivation for shear stress in circular shaft
subjected to Torsion, strength of solid and hallow shaft, Power transmission,
Polar moment of inertia, composite shaft, combined bending and torsion.

Unit 5: Slope and Deflection of Beams (9)

Bending into a circular arc, deflection, slope and radius of curvature, Differential
equation for bending moment, slope and deflection of a beam, Double integration
method i.e Macaulay's method Determination of slope and deflection for cantilever
and simply supported beams subjected to point loads, uniformly distributed load
(U.D.L) and uniformly varying load (U.V.L) Slop and deflection for standard
cases.
Course Outcomes:
The student will;
1. apply knowledge of mathematics, science, for engineering applications

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2. Design, analyze and interpret data of a component to meet desired needs

within realistic constraints of health and safety.
3. identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems
4. use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for
engineering practice

Text Books
1. R. S. Khurmi – N. Khurmi, “Strength of Materials”, S. Chand & Company
Publication, Revised Edition 2016
2. S. S. Bhavikatti, “Strength of materials”, Lakshmi publications (P) Ltd.
3. S. Ramamrutham, “Strength of Materials” Dhanpat Rai Publishing Company
Ltd.
4. Dr. R. K. Bansal, “Strength of Materials”, Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd.

Reference Books
1. S.B.Junnarkar , “Mechanics of Structures Vol-I & II”, Charotar Publication
House.
2. S.Timoshenko, “Strength of Materials”, CBS Publishers and Distributors; 3rd
edition.
3. U. C. Jindal, “Strength of Materials”, Umesh Publications.
4. Vazirani and Ratwani, “Analysis of structures”, Khanna Publications, Delhi-6.
5. Abdul Mubeen, “Mechanics of Solids”, Pearson Publication, Delhi, 2nd edition.

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INDEX

Sr.
Title Date Marks Sign. Remark
No
1 Simple Stresses and Strains
Shear Force and Bending
2
Moment diagrams
3 Principal Stresses and Strains
Stresses in Machine Elements:
4
Bending stresses in beam
Stresses in Machine Elements :
5
Shearing stresses in beam
Stresses in Machine Elements:
6
Torsion of circular shafts

7 Slope and Deflection of Beams

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Tutorial No. 1
Simple Stress and Strain
Name: ________________________________________ Roll No: _____________ Div: ___
Checked By: Date: ____________________

Q.1 A steel rod 1.5 m long & 20 mm diameter is subjected to an axial pull of 100 kN. Find
the change in length & diameter of the rod, if E = 200 GPa & 1/m = 0.32.

Q.2 Determine the changes in length, breadth & thickness of a steel bar 4 m long, 30 mm
wide & 20 mm thick, when subjected to an axial pull of 120 kN in the direction of its
length. Take E = 200 GPa & Poisson’s ratio 0.3.

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Q.3 The following results belongs to a tensile test of bar.

Diameter of steel bar = 22 mm, Gauge length = 200 mm, Yield load = 88 KN,
Maximum load = 135 KN, Load at fracture Point = 112 KN, Total elongation = 60 mm,
Elongation up to maximum load = 47 mm, Area of reduced section at fracture = 200
mm2. Find –
1. Tensile stress at yield point 2. Ultimate stress 3. Percentage increase in length
4. Percentage reduction in c/s area.

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Q.4 Estimate the force required to punch out a circular hole of 60 mm diameter through a
2 mm thick plate. Ultimate Shear stress of plate is 300 N/mm2.

Q.5 A steel wire of 1 mm diameter is freely hanging under its own weight. If the extension
of the wire should not exceed 2.5 mm. What should be its maximum length? Take E
for the wire material as 200 GPa & its specific weight as 78.5 kN/m3.

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Q.6 A circular bar 2.5 m long tapers uniformly from 25 mm diameter to 12 mm diameter.
Determine extension of the rod under a pull of 30 kN. Take E for bar as 200 GPa.

Q.7 A member ABCD is subjected to point load as shown in following fig. Determine the
total change in length of the member. Take E = 200 GPa.

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Q.8 A concrete column of 350 mm diameter is reinforced with four bars of 25 mm diameter.
Find the stress in steel when the concrete is subjected to a stress of 4.5 MPa. Also find
the safe load the column can carry. Take Es / Ec = 18.

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Q.9 A compound bar consist of a circular rod of steel of diameter 20 mm rigidly fitted into
copper tube of internal diameter of 20 mm & external diameter of 30 mm. If the
composite bar is 750 mm long & is subjected to a compressive load of 30 kN, find the
stresses developed in the steel rod & copper tube. Take Ec = 200 GPa& EA = 100 GPa.
Also find the change in the length of the bar.

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Q.10 A uniform rigid block weighing 160 kN is to be supported on three bars as shown in
following fig. There is 4 mm gap between the block & the top of the steel bar. Find the
stresses developed in the bars. Take Es = 200 GPa& EA = 80 GPa.

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Q.11 A round bar 40 mm diameter is subjected to an axial pull of 80 kN & reduction in

diameter was found to be 0.00775 mm. Find Poisson’s ratio & Young’s modulus for
the material of the bar. Take value of shear modulus as 40 GPa.

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Q.12 A steel bar 1.2 m long, 50 mm wide & 40 mm thick is subjected to an axial pull of 150
kN in the direction of its length. Determine change in volume of bar. Take E = 200 GPa
&  = 0.25.

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Q.13 An alloy bar 800 mm long & 200 mm2 in cross section is held between two rigid plates
& is subjected to an axial load of 200 kN as shown in following fig. Find the reaction
at the two ends A & C as well as extension of the portion AB.

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Q.14 An alloy bar 2 m long is held between two supports. Find the stresses developed in the
bar, when it is heated through 30 K if both the ends (i) do not yield; & (ii) yield by 1
mm. Take the value of E & α for the alloy as 120 GPa & 24 X 10-6/K.

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Q.15 A steel rod ABC firmly held at A & C has a cross sectional area of 1000 mm2 for 400
mm length & 1500 mm2 for 600 mm length as shown in following fig. If the rod is
heated through 10 K, find the stresses developed in the parts AB & BC.
E = 200 GPa , α = 12 x 10-6 / 0C

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Q.16 An aluminum rod of 20 mm diameter is completely enclosed in a steel tube of 30 mm

external diameter & both the ends of the assembly are rigidly connected. If the
composite bar is heated through 500, find the stress developed in the aluminum rod &
steel tube. Take :
Modulus of elasticity for steel = 200 GPa.
Modulus of elasticity for aluminum = 80 GPa.
Coefficient of expansion for steel = 12 X 10-6/0C
Coefficient of expansion for aluminum = 18 X 10-6/0C

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Q.17 An axial pull of 50 KN is suddenly applied to a steel rod 2m long and 10 cm2 in c/s.
Calculate strain energy that can be absorbed if E= 200GN/m2

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Q.18 A wrought iron bar 50 mm in diameter and 2.5 m long has to transmit a shock energy
of 100 Nm (J). Calculate maximum instantaneous stress and elongation produced.
E = 200GN/m2.

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Problems for Practice

Q.1 A steel wire of 80 m length & 1 mm2 cross sectional area is freely hanging from a
tower. What will be its elongation due to its self-weight? Take specific weight of the
steel as 78.6 kN/m3& modulus of elasticity As 200 GPa. [ Ans : 1.3 mm]

Q.2 A copper rod, circular in cross section, uniformly tapers from 40 mm to 20 mm in a

length of 11 m. Find the magnitude of force, which will deform it by 0.8 mm. Take E
= 100 GPa. [ Ans : 4.56 kN]

Q.3 A steel bar of 600 mm2 cross sectional area is carrying loads as shown following fig.
Determine the elongation of the bar. Take E for the steel as 200 GPa. [ Ans : 1.4
mm]

Q.4 A copper bar shown in following fig. is subjected to a tensile load of 30 kN.
Determine elongation of the bar, if E = 100 GPa. [ Ans : 0.33 mm]

Q.5 Steel bar ABCD is subjected to point loads of P1, P2, P3& P4 as shown in following fig.
Determine the magnitude of the force P3 necessary for the equilibrium, if P 1 = 120 kN,
P2 = 220 & P4 = 160 kN. Also determine the net change in the length of the steel bar.
Take E = 200 GPa. [ Ans : 260 kN; 0.55 mm ]

Q.6 A reinforced concrete column 300 mm X 300 mm has four reinforcing bars of 20 mm
diameter one in each corner. When the column is loaded with 600 kN weight. Find the
stresses developed in the concrete & steel. Take Es / Ec = 15.
[ Ans : 5.58 MPa; 83.7 kN]

Q.7 Three wires made of copper, zink&aluminium are of equal lengths & have cross
sectional areas of 100, 150 & 200 square mm respectively. They are rigidly connected

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at their ends as shown in following fig.If this compound member is subjected to a

longitudinal pull of 220 kN, estimate the load carried on each wire. Take Ec = 130 GPa,
Ez = 100 GPa& EA = 80 GPa.[ Ans : Pc = 65 kN, Pz = 75 kN, PA = 80 kN]

Q.8 An axial force of 20 kN is applied to a steel bar ABC which is fixed at both ends A & C
as shown in following fig. Determine the reactions at both the supported & stresses
developed in two parts of the bar. Take E = 200 GPa.
[ Ans : RA = Rc = 10 kN; σAB = 50 MPa (C); σBC = 100 MPa (T) ]

Q.9 steel bar, fixed at its both ends, is heated through 15 k. Calculate the stress developed
in the bar, if modulus of elasticity & coefficient of linear expansion for the bar material
is 200 GPa & 12 X10-6/K respectively. [ Ans : 36 MPa ]
Q.10 A steel rod of 10 mm diameter passes centrally through a copper tube of external
diameter 40 mm & internal diameter 30 mm. The assembly is tightened with the help
of washers & nuts. If the whole assembly is heated through 60 0C, then find the
stresses developed in the steel rod & copper tube.
Young’s modulus for steel = 200 GPa.
Young’s modulus for copper = 100 GPa.
Coefficient of expansion for steel = 11.5 X 10-6/oC
Coefficient of expansion for copper = 17 X 10-6/oC
[ Ans : 4.4 MPa (Tension); 30.8 MPa (Comp) ]
Q.11 A copper bar ABC of 500 mm cross sectional area is firmly held between two
unyielding supports & subjected to an axial load as shown in following fig.
Calculate the stresses developed in the two portions, when the bar is subjected to an
increase of 20 K temperature. Take E for the copper as 100 GPa & α for the copper as
18 X 10-6/K.
[ Ans : σAB = 20 MPa ( Comp ); σBC = 60 MPa ( Comp) ]

Q.12 A steel rod of 25 mm diameter axially passes through a brass tube of 25 mm internal
diameter & 35 mm external diameter when the nut on the rod is tightened, initial
stress of 10 MPa is developed in the rod. The temperature of the tube is then raised

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by 600C. Calculate the final stresses in the rod & tube. Take E s = 200 GPa, EB = 80
GPa, αs = 11.7 X 10-6/0C & αB = 19 X 10-6/0C.
[ Ans : 34.2 MPa; 35.6 MPa. ]

Q.13 An unknown weight falls through 10 mm on a collar rigidly attached to the lower end
of a vertical bar, 2 m long and 6 cm2 in section. If the maximum instantaneous
extension is known to be 2 mm what is the corresponding stress and the value of
unknown weight. Take E= 200GN/m2. [ Ans – 200MN/m2, 10 KN ]

Q.14 A copper rod ABCD of 800 mm2 cross sectional area & 7.5 m long is subjected to forces
as shown in following fig. Find the total elongation of the bar. Take E for the bar material
as 100 GPa. [ Ans : 4.6 mm]

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Tutorial No. 2
Shear Force and Bending Moment
Name: ________________________________________ Roll No: _____________ Div: ___
Checked By: Date: ____________________

Q.1 A cantilever AB 1.8 m long carries a point load of 2.5 kN at its free end a
uniformly distributed load of 1 kN/m from A to B. Draw the shear force & the
bending moment diagrams for the beam.

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Q.2 A cantilever beam 2 m long is subjected to a gradually varying load from zero
at the free end to 2 kN/m at the fixed end. Find the values of maximum shear
force & bending moment & draw the shear force & bending moment diagrams.

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Q.3 Draw shear force & bending moment diagrams for a simply supported beam,
loaded as shown in following fig. Find the position & value of the maximum
bending moment that will occur in the beam.

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Q.4 Draw the shear force & bending moment diagrams, for the overhanging beam
carrying loads as shown in following fig. Mark the value of the principal
ordinates & locate the point of contra flexure, if any.

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Q.5 A beam 10 m long carries load as shown in following fig. Draw shear force &
bending moment diagrams for the beam & determine the points of contra
flexures, if any.

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Q.6 Analyze the beam subjected to the moment & uniformly distributed load as
shown in following fig. Draw shear force & bending moment diagram.

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Q.7 Analyze the beam shown in following fig and draw SFD & BMD.

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Q.8 Analyze the beam shown in following fig and draw SFD & BMD.

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Q.9 Shear force diagram for a loaded beam is shown in fig. Determine the loading
and the nature of beam and sketch it neatly. Hence determine bending moment
diagram indicating important ordinates and the points of contra flexure if any.

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Problems for Practice

Q.1 A cantilever beam 1.5 m long carries point loads of 1 kN, 2 kN& 3 kN at 0.5
m, 1.0 m & 1.5 m from the fixed end respectively. Draw the shear force &
bending moment diagrams for the beam. [ Ans : Fmax = -6 kN; Mmax = -7 kN-
m]

Q.2 A simply supported beam of 3 m span carries two loads of 5 kN each at 1 m &
2 m from the left hand support. Draw the shear force & bending moment
diagrams for the beam. [ Ans : Mmax = 5 kN-m]

Q.3 A simply supported beam of span 4.5 m carries a uniformly distributed load of
3.6 kN/m over a length of 2 m from the left end A. Draw the shear force &
bending moment diagrams for the beam.

Q.4 Shear force diagram for a loaded beam is shown in fig. Determine the loading
and the nature of beam and sketch it neatly. Hence determine bending moment
diagram indicating important ordinates and the points of contra flexure if any.

Q.5 Analyze the beam shown in following fig and draw SFD & BMD.

Q.6 Analyze the beam shown in following fig and draw SFD & BMD.

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Tutorial No. 3
Principal Stress and Strain
Name: ________________________________________ Roll No: _____________ Div: ___
Checked By: Date: ____________________

Q.1 Define principal stresses and principal planes.

Q.2 If at a point within material, minimum and maximum principal stresses are 30 MN/m2 and
90 MN/m2 respectively both tensile, determine the normal and shearing stress on a plane
passing through the point and making an angle of tan−1 (0.25) with the plane on which
maximum principal stress acts.

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Q.3 Determine the normal, shear and resultant stress in magnitude and direction in a plane, the
normal of which makes an angle of 300 with the direction of 30 MN/m2 stress (tensile).
The value of other tensile stress is 15 MN/m2.

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Q.4 Find the diameter of circular bar which is subjected to an axial pull of 150kN, if the
maximum allowable shear stress on any section is 60 N/mm2.

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Q.5 At a point in a strained material, the principal stresses are 140 N/mm2 (tensile) and 60
N/mm2 (compressive). Determine the resultant stress in magnitude and direction on a
plane inclined at 450 to axis of major principal stress. What is maximum intensity of shear
stress in material at the point?

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Q.6 At a point within the body subjected to two mutually perpendicular directions, the stresses
are 100 N/mm2 (tensile) and 75 N/mm2 (tensile). Each of the above stresses is
accompanied by a shear stress of 75 N/mm2. Determine the normal, shear and resultant
stresses on an oblique plane inclined at angle of 450 with axis of minor tensile stress.

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Q.7 A point in strained material is subjected to stresses as shown in figure. Using Mohr’s circle
method, determine normal and tangential stress across the oblique plane.

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Q.8 An elemental cube is subjected to tensile stresses of 60 N/mm2 and 20 N/mm2 acting on
two mutually perpendicular planes and a shear stress of 20 N/mm2 on these planes. Draw
the Mohr’s circle of stresses and determine magnitude and directions of principal stresses
and also the greatest shear stress.

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Q.9 What do you understand by theories of failure? Explain Maximum Principal stress theory,
Maximum shear stress theory and distortion energy theory in brief.

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Q. 10 Explain with reason which theory is best suited for

a. Ductile materials b. Brittle materials

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Q.11 A bolt is under axial thrust of 7.2 kN together with a transverse shear force of 3.6 kN.
Calculate diameter of bolt according to
i. Maximum principal stress theory
ii. Maximum shear stress theory.
iii. Maximum strain energy theory.
Take elastic limit in simple tension = 202 N/mm2, factor of safety 3 and Poisson’s ratio
=0.3

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Q.12 In a material the principal stresses are 50 N/mm2, 40 N/mm2 an -30 N/mm2, calculate
factor of safety based on maximum principal stress theory, maximum shear stress theory
and Distortion energy theory, if material yields at 100 N/mm2 take E = 200X 103 N/mm2
and Poisson’s ratio = 0.3

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Problems for Practice

Q.1 Write a short note on Mohr’s circle of stress.

Q.2 Derive an expression for Major and Minor principal stresses on an oblique plane when
the body is subjected to direct stresses in two mutually perpendicular directions and
accompanied by shear stress.
Q.3 A rectangular bar of cross sectional area 12000 mm2 is subjected to an axial load of 360
N/mm2, determine the normal and shear stresses on a section which is inclined at an
angle of 300 with normal cross section of the bar.
Q.4 The principal tensile stresses at a point across two mutually perpendicular planes are 100
N/mm2 and 50 N/mm2. Determine the normal, tangential and resultant stresses on a
plane inclined at 300 to axis of minor principal axis.
Q.5 A circle of 100 mm diameter is drawn on steel plate before it is stressed as shown in
figure. Find the lengths of major and minor axis of the ellipse formed as a result of
deformation of circle marked. Take E = 200X 103 N/mm2 and Poisson’s ratio = 0.25

Q.6 A shaft of 100 mm diameter is subjected to a bending moment of 5kNm. Determine the
value of maximum torque which can be applied to shaft for each of the following
conditions:
i. Maximum direct stress not to exceed 120 N/mm2.
ii. Maximum shear stress not to exceed 60 N/mm2.
Q.7 A mild steel shaft 100 mm diameter is subjected to a maximum torque of 15kNm and
maximum bending moment of 10kNm at particular section. Find the factor of safety
according to maximum shear stress theory if elastic limit in tension is 240 MN/mm2.

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Tutorial No. 4
Stresses in Machine Elements: Bending Stresses in Beam
Name: ________________________________________ Roll No: _____________ Div: ___
Checked By: Date: ____________________

A. Bending Stresses in Beam

Q.1 A simply supported beam of span length 5 m has cross section 150 mm x 250 mm. if the
permissible stress is 10 N/mm2
Find
a. Maximum intensity of uniformly distributed load it can carry
b. Maximum concentrated load ‘P’ applied at 2 m from one end it can carry

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Q.2 A circular pipe of external diameter 70 mm and thickness 8 mm is used as simply

supported beam over an effective span 2.5 m. Find the maximum concentrated load that
can be applied at the Centre of the span if the permissible stress in the tube is 150 N/mm2.

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Q.3 A symmetrical I - section has flanges of size 180 mm x 10 mm and its overall depth is
500 mm. thickness of the web is 8 mm. It is strengthen with the plate of size 240 mm x
12 mm on compression side. Find the moment of resistance of the section, if permissible
stress is 150 N/mm2. How much uniformly distributed load it can carry, if it is used as a
cantilever of span 3 m.

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Q.4 A cast iron beam has I-section with top flange 80 mm x 40 mm, web 120 mm x 20 mm
and bottom flange 160 mm x 40 mm. if the tensile stress is not to exceed 30 N/mm2 and
compressive stress 90 N/mm2, what is the maximum uniformly distributed load the beam
can carryover a simply supported span of 6 m if the larger flange is in tension.

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Q.5 A symmetrical I - section has flanges of size 200 mm x 10 mm and its overall depth is
400 mm. thickness of the web is 8 mm, if permissible stress is 150 N/mm 2, find its
moment of resistance. Compare it with equivalent section of same area but as a
a. Square section
b. Rectangular section with depth twice the width
c. Circular section
Give your comment.

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Q. 6 A cantilever of square section 200 mm x 200 mm, 2 m long, just fails in flexure when a
load of 12 kN is placed at free end. A beam of same material and having rectangular cross
section 150 mm wide and 300 mm deep is simply supported over a span of 3 m. Calculate
the minimum central concentrated load required to fail the beam.

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Q. 7 A cast iron channel section as shown in fig below is available to be used as a simply
supported beam over a span length of 3 m. If the permissible stress in tension is 35 N/mm2
and in compression is 90 N/mm2 , find its uniformly distributed load carrying capacity if
web is –
a. In tension and
b. In compression

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Q.8 A circular log of timber has diameter D. Find the dimensions of the strongest rectangular
section to resist moment one can cut from this log.

Q. 9 Two wooden planks 150 mm x 50 mm each are connected to form a T- Section of a beam.
If a moment of 3.4 kN-m is applied around the horizontal neutral axis, inducing tension
below the neutral axis, find the stress at the extreme fibers of the cross section. Also
calculate the total tensile force on their cross section.

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Q.10 Following fig shows the cross section of cast iron beam. When this beam is subjected to
a bending moment, the tensile stress induced in bottom edge is 30 MN/m2. Calculate –
a. The value of bending moment
b. Stress induced at the top edge

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Problems for Practice

Q.1 A 250 mm deep x 150 mm wide rectangular beam is subjected to maximum bending
moment of 750 kN-m. Determine
a. The maximum stress in the beam
b. If the value of E for beam is 200 GN/m2 find out the radius of curvature for
that portion of the beam where the bending is maximum
c. The value of longitudinal stress at a distance of 65 mm from the top surface
of the beam
Q.2 A symmetrical section 200 mm deep has a moment of inertia 2.26 x 10 -5 m4 about its
neutral axis. Determine the longest span over which, when simply supported, the beam
would carry a UDL of 4 kN/m run without the stress due to bending exceeding 125
MN/m2.
Q.3 Determine the dimension of joist of timber for span 8 m to carry a brick worked wall 200
mm thick and 5 m high, if the density of brick work is 1850 kg/m3 and the maximum
permissible stress is limited to7.5 MN/m2. Given that the depth of joist is twice the width.
Q.4 Hallow circular bar having outside diameter twice the inside diameter is used as beam.
From the bending moment diagram of the beam, it is found that the bar is subjected to a
bending moment of 40 kN-m. If the allowable bending stress in the beam is to be limited
to 100 MN/m2. Find the inside diameter of the bar.
Q.5 An unsymmetrical I - section has top flange of size 100 mm x 30 mm, bottom flange of
size 120 mm x 50 mm and the size of the web is 30 mm x 120 mm, is used for simply
supported beam loaded with a UDL over whole of its span. If the beam is 8 m long, find
the UDL if maximum permissible bending stress in tension is limited to 30 MN/ m 2 and
in compression to 45 MN/ m2. What are the actual maximum bending stresses set up in
the section?
Q.6 Following fig shows a cast iron bracket of cross section of I form.
Find –
a. Position of neutral axis and moment of inertia of the section about N.A.
b. Determine the maximum bending moment that should be imposed on this
section if the tensile stress on the top flange is not to exceed 40 MN/m2
c. What is the value of compressive stress in the bottom flange during above
loading condition?

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Q.7 A simply supported beam and it’s cross section are as shown in figure below. The beam
carries a load W = 20 kN as shown. It’s self-weight is 7 kN/m. calculate the maximum
normal stress at section 1-1.

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Tutorial No. 5
Stresses in Machine Elements: Shearing Stresses in Beam
Name: ________________________________________ Roll No: _____________ Div: ___
Checked By: Date: ____________________

Q.1 A timber beam 150 mm x 250 mm in cross section is simply supported at its ends and has
a span of 3.5 m. The maximum safe allowable stress in bending is 7500 kN/m 2. Find the
maximum safe UDL which the beam can carry. What is the maximum shear stress in the
beam from the UDL calculated?

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Q.2 An I-section with rectangular ends having flanges of size 15 cm x 2 cm and web 1 cm x
30 cm subjected to shearing force of 10 kN. Find the maximum shearing stress developed
in the beam also sketch the variation in shear stress along the depth of beam cross section.

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Q.3 T-shaped cross section of the beam with flange 200 mm x 50 mm and web 50 mm x 200
mm is subjected to a vertical shear force of 100 kN. Calculate the shear stress at neutral
axis and at the junction of the web and flanges. Also sketch variation in shear stress along
depth of cross aection.

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04 A beam of C- channel section 120 mm x 60 mm has uniform thickness of 15 mm. draw

diagram showing the distribution of shear stress for a vertical section where shearing force
is 50 kN. Find the ratio between maximum and mean shear stresses.

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05

Problems for Practice

Q.1 A beam of triangular section having base width 20 cm and height of 30 cm is subjected to
shear force of 3 kN. Find the valus of maximum shear stress and sketch the shear stress
distribution along with the depth of the beam section.
Q.2 An I-section with rectangular end has the following dimensions:-
a. Flanges : 10 cm x 1 cm
b. Web: 12 cm x 1 cm

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If the section is subjected to a bending moment of 5 kN-m and shearing force of 5 kN,
find the maximum tensile stress and shear stress induced in it. Also sketch the shear stress
distribution along the cross section of beam.
Q.3 A simply supported beam carries a UDL of intensity 2.5 kN/m over entire span of 5
m.cross section of beam is T-shape having the dimensions as below-
Flange : 12.5 cm x 2.5 cm
Web : 2.5 cm x 17.5 cm
Calculate the maximum shear stress for the section of the beam. Also calculate shear stress
at different vital point across cross section and also sketch the same
Q4 A beam of square section subjected to a shear force ‘S’ is so placed thatoen of its diagonal
is horizontal. Sketch shear stress distribution for the section.

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Tutorial No. 6
Stresses in Machine Elements: Torsion in Circular Shafts
Name: ________________________________________ Roll No: _____________ Div: ___
Checked By: Date: ____________________

Q.1 A solid shaft has to transmit 75 kW at 200 rpm. Taking allowable shear stress as 70
MN/m2, find suitable diameter for the shaft, if the maximum torque transmitted on each
revolution exceeds the mean by 30 %

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Q.2 A solid circular shaft transmits 75 kW power at 200 rpm. Calculate the shaft diameter, if
twist in the shaft is not to exceed 10 in 2 m length of shaft, and shear stress is limited to
50 MN/m2. Take G = 100 GN/m2

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Q.3 Hallow shaft of diameter ratio 3/8 is required to transmit 600 kW at 110 rpm, the
maximum torque being 20 % greater than the mean. The shear stress is not to exceed 63
MN/m2 and the twist in the length of 3 m not to exceed 1.40. Calculate the maximum
external diameter satisfying these conditions. Take G=84 GN/m2

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04 Two shafts of same material and same length are subjected to the same torque. If the first
shaft is of a solid circular section and the second shaft is of a hallow circular section,
whose internal diameter is 2/3 of the outside diameter and the maximum shear stress
developed in each shaft is the same, compare the weights of the two shafts.

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05 A stepped steel shaft as shown in fig below is subjected to a torque T at the free end and
a torque 2T in the opposite direction at the junction of two sizes. What is the total angle
of twist at the free end, if the maximum shear stress in the shaft is limited to 70 MN/m2?
Assume the modulus of rigidity of shaft material is 84 GN/m2

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6 A solid steel shaft 6 m long is securely fixed at each end. A torque of 1250 N.m is applied
to the shaft at the section 2.4 m from one end. What are the fixing torques set up at the
ends of the shaft? If the diameter if the shaft is 40 mm what are the maximum shear stresses
in the two portions? Also calculate the angle of twist for the section where the torque is
applied. Take G = 84 GN/m2

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7 A gun metal sleeve is fixed securely to a steel shaft and the compound shaft is subjected
to a torque. If the torque on the sleeve is twice the torque on shaft, find the ratio of external
diameter of sleeve to the diameter of shaft.

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08 A maximum normal stress and maximum shear stress analyzed for a shaft of 150 mm
diameter under combined bending and torsion, were found to be 120 MN/m2 and 80
MN/m2 respectively. Find the bending moment and torque to which the shaft is subjected.
If the maximum shear stress is to be limited to 100 MN/m2, find by how much the torque
can be increased if the bending moment is kept constant.

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09 A propeller shaft of 240 mm external diameter and 180 mm internal diameter has to
transmit 1100 kW at 100 rpm. It is additionally subjected to a bending moment of 10 kN-
m and an end thrust of 200 kN. Determine –
a. Principal stresses and their planes
b. Maximum shear stress

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Problems for Practice

Q.1 A circular bar made up of cast iron is to resist an occasional torque of 2.2kN-m acting in
transverse plane. If the allowable stress in compression, tension and shear are 100 MN/m2
, 35 MN/m2 and 50 MN/m2 respectively, find :
a. Diameter of bar
b. Angle of twist under the applied torque per meter length of bar
Take G for cast iron as 40 GN/m2
Q.2 Hallow circular shaft 20 mm thick transmits 294 kW at 200 rpm. Determine diameter of
the shaft if shear strain due to torsion is not to exceed 8.6 x 10-4 and modulus of rigidity
as 80 GN/m2
Q.3 A hollow shaft having an inside diameter 60 % of its outer diameter is to be replaced by a
solid shaft transmitting the same power at the same speed. Calculate the percentage saving
in the material if the material to be used is also same.
Q4 A steel shaft LMNP is made as shown in fig below. If equal opposite torques are applied
at the end of the shaft find the maximum permissible value of ‘d1’ for the maximum
shearing stress in LM not to exceed that in NP. If torque applied is 10 kN-m, what is the
total angle of twist? Take G = 80 GN/m2

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Tutorial No. 7
Slope and Deflection of Beams
Name: ________________________________________ Roll No: _____________ Div: ___
Checked By: Date: ____________________

Q.1 A 3 meters long cantilever carries a uniformly distributed load over the entire length. If
slope at free end is 10, what is the deflection at the free end?

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Q.2 A 250 mm long cantilever of rectangular cross section 48 mm wide and 36 mm deep
carries a uniformly distributed load. Calculate the value of load w if the maximum
deflection in the cantilever is not to exceed 1 mm. Take E = 70 X 109 GN/m2.

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Q.3 A simply supported beam with a span of 6 meters carries a point load of 40 kN at 4 meters
from the left support. If, for section Ixx = 73.3X10-6 m4 and E = 200 GN/m2 , find-
i. The deflection under load
ii. The position and amount of maximum deflection.

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Q.4 A beam of uniform section, 10 meters long is simply supported at the ends. It carried point
loads of 100 kN and 60 kN at distances 2 m and 5 m respectively from left end. Find –
i. Deflection under each load
ii. The maximum deflection
Take E = 200 X 106 N/m2 and I = 118 X 10-4 m4.

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Q.5 A beam AB of 4 meters span is simply supported at ends and loaded as shown in figure.
Find- i) Deflections at C ii) Maximum deflection and iii) Slope at end A.
Take E = 200 X 106 kN/m2 and I = 20 X 10-6 m4.

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Q.6 A simply supported beam carries the triangularly distributed symmetrical load as shown
in figure. Find slope at point A and the deflection at the centre.

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Q.7 Determine the following for an overhanging beam ABC supported at A and B and
loaded as shown in figure- i) Deflection at free end C, ii) Maximum deflection between
A and B.
Take E = 200 X 106 kN/m2 and I = 13.5 X 10-6 m4.

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Q.8 A cantilever of 3 m length and uniform rectangular cross section 150 mm wide and 300
mm deep is loaded with 30 kN load at its free end. In addition to this it carries a udl of 20
kN per meter run over its entire length calculate i) Maximum slope and deflection ii) slope
and deflection at 2 m from fixed end. Take E= 200 GPa.

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Q.9 A cantilever AB is fixed at A. It is 4 m long and carries load as shown in figure. Calculate
slope and deflection at free end B in terms of flexural rigidity EI.

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Q. 10 For the beam shown in Figure, determine the deflection at free end and the maximum
deflection in terms of flexural rigidity EI.

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Problems for Practice

Q.1 Derive the relationship for slope, deflection and radius of curvature.

Q.2 What is Macaulay’s Method? Explain its use with suitable example.

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Q.3 A simply supported beam of span 6 m is subjected to Udl of 24 kN/m for a length of 2
m from left support. Find the deflection at the centre, maximum deflection and slopes at
the ends and at the centre. Take EI = 20 × 106 N-m2.

Q.4 A beam of span 4 m is subject to a point load of 20 kN at 1 m from the left support and a
Udl of 10 kN/m over a length of 2 m from the right support. Determine :
(a) Slope at the ends.
(b) Slope at the centre.
(c) Deflection under the load.
(d) Deflection at the centre.

Q.5 A double overhanging beam of 12 m length rests symmetrically on supports, 8 m apart.

A load of 80 kN acts at one free end and a load of 40 kN acts at other free end.
Determine the deflection: a) at free ends, and b) at mid-span.

Q.6 Find the slope and deflection at the free end of a cantilever shown in Figure.
Take EI = 200 × 106 N-m2.

Q.7 For the beam shown in Figure, determine the deflection at free end and the maximum
deflection.

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