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Pee6-M / Ee 3D The Short Circuit Test On Three Phase Alternator Experiment No. 2

The document summarizes an experiment to study the short circuit characteristics of a three-phase alternator. A group of students measured the armature current at varying levels of field current excitation while the armature windings were short circuited. They observed a linear relationship between the field current and armature current, indicating the alternator was not saturating under short circuit conditions due to armature reaction preventing high magnetic fields. The short circuit test provides information about the current capabilities of a synchronous generator by analyzing how armature current changes with field current excitation.

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118 views8 pages

Pee6-M / Ee 3D The Short Circuit Test On Three Phase Alternator Experiment No. 2

The document summarizes an experiment to study the short circuit characteristics of a three-phase alternator. A group of students measured the armature current at varying levels of field current excitation while the armature windings were short circuited. They observed a linear relationship between the field current and armature current, indicating the alternator was not saturating under short circuit conditions due to armature reaction preventing high magnetic fields. The short circuit test provides information about the current capabilities of a synchronous generator by analyzing how armature current changes with field current excitation.

Uploaded by

EmmanuelReyesIII
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PEE6-M / EE 3D

THE SHORT CIRCUIT TEST ON THREE PHASE ALTERNATOR


Experiment No. 2

GROUP 1
Leader: PATIÑO, FAIRY CHARISSEL T.
Members: ACURATO, ALGER U.
CAGAT, KENN CHRISTIAN A.
ELISEO, DEXTER A.
LACIDA, JOESA MAE D.
LADAGA, DAVID
LUARCA, RODELLE CRIZTLE M.
MARTINEZ, MELISSA D.
REYES, SIMRIEL L.
SY, JERICSON

Submitted by:
REYES,SIMRIEL L.

Submitted to:
ENGR. JUN A. TERESA

March 22, 2022


(Date of Submission)
EXPERIMENT NO. 2
The Short Circuit Characteristic of a Three Phase Alternator

OBJECTIVE/S:
The objective of this activity is to study the short circuit characteristic of a
three-phase alternator

SET-UP

DATA:
GRAPH FOR THE DATA:

DISCUSSION:

The synchronous generator or alternator is the most typical machine for


generating electrical power for commercial purposes. When a prime mover, in this
case a DC shunt motor, rotates the rotor carrying the field system, the alternator
functions as a generator. The voltage at the alternator's terminals varies depending on
the load.

The magnetic flux, and hence the output voltage, will increase in direct
proportion to the current as the DC field excitation of an alternator is increased while
the speed remains constant. The flux will eventually hit a high enough amount to
saturate the iron in the alternator as the DC field current is kept increasing. Saturation
of the iron indicates that a given increase in DC field current will result in a lesser rise
in flux. Because the generated voltage is proportional to the magnetic flux intensity, it
can be used to determine the saturation level.

An alternator's output voltage is mostly determined by the total flux in the air
gap. This flux is established and determined only by the DC field excitation when
there is no load. Under load, the ampere-turns of the rotor and the ampere-turns of the
stator defines the air-gap flux. Depending on the load's power factor, it may help or
hinder the rotor's MMF (magnetomotive force). The rotor is aided by leading power
factors, while lagging power factors work against it.
Short Circuit test allows us to determine the current capabilities of a 3-phase
alternator or synchronous generator. The short circuit characteristic of a generator is
the per phase short-circuit current plotted as a function of IFA. By placing an ammeter
at the output terminals of the alternator, we can determine the values of Isc produced
with the current field.

References:
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lQPum0FHZmQ
2. http://em-coep.vlabs.ac.in/Exp6/Aim.html?domain=Civil
%20Engineering&lab=Electrical%20Machines
CONCLUSION:

In performing experiment 2, we can see that short circuit test on


three phase alternator gives information on the ability of the current in a
synchronous generator, doing it so, by adjusting it at a rated speed while
the armature winding is shorted and we can see that one of the shorted
lines is connected in series to the ammeter. By performing the activity,
we can increase the field current slowly while recording its armature
current. We can see that, while the we are slowly increase the field
current it is directly proportional to the armature current where it is also
increasing. While the graph, where the short circuit current vs. field
current showed a linear graph indicating that the relationship between the
two is linear. The characteristics of short circuit is depending of its
armature reaction where it prevents the machine from saturating resulting
to the linear graph between its armature current and field current. The
difference of short circuit to an open circuit test is that open circuit has air
gap where it defines the proportionality of mmf and flux density, as
making the field current increased, the iron of machine saturates and the
air gap reduced because of the percentage of field mmf so the induced
voltage falls. However, in short circuit, its synchronous reactance is
greater than its armature resistance, so its armature current lags the
induced voltage. Its net magnetic field is too low to cause saturation
making the graph linear between armature current and field current.
PICTURES/EVIDENCE OF PERFORMANCE:

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