Jajurie, Nur-Ranji C.

2012-53949
CE 264 PS4
PROBLEM 1. (8.1)

For the cantilever retaining wall shown in the figure below, let the following data be given:

Wall dimensions: 𝐻 = 8 𝑚, 𝑥1 = 0.4 𝑚, 𝑥2 = 0.6 𝑚, 𝑥3 = 1.5 𝑚, 𝑥4 = 3.5 𝑚, 𝑥5 = 0.96 𝑚

𝐷 = 1.75 𝑚, 𝛼 = 10°
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
Soil properties: 𝛾1 = 16.8 𝑚3 , 𝜙1′ = 32°, 𝛾2 = 17.6 𝑚3 , 𝜙2′ = 28°, 𝑐2′ = 30 𝑚2

𝑘𝑁 2
Other givens: 𝛾𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 = 23.58 , 𝑘1 = 𝑘2 = , 𝑃𝑝 = 0
𝑚3 3

2 4

A 1

SOLUTION:

Using Table 7.1 with 𝜙1′ = 32° and 𝛼 = 10°, then 𝐾𝑎 = 0.3210

Hence,
1 1 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑎 = (𝐻′)2 𝛾1 𝐾𝑎 = (8 𝑚 + 0.96 𝑚 + 0.62 𝑚)2 (16.8 3 ) (0.3210) = 247.47 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
2 2 𝑚
And that,

𝑃𝑣 = 𝑃𝑎 sin(𝛼) = (247.47 𝑘𝑁/𝑚) sin(10°) = 42.97 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

𝑃ℎ = 𝑃𝑎 cos(𝛼) = (247.47 𝑘𝑁/𝑚) cos(10°) = 243.71 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
 Jajurie, Nur-Ranji C.
2012-53949
CE 264 PS4
Thus, calculating the total weight and moment point A:
WEIGHT Moment Arm from Point A Moment about Point A
SECTION
(kN/m) (m) (kN-m/m)
1 Concrete 𝑘𝑁 2.8 𝑚 354.96 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
(0.96 𝑚)(5.6𝑚) (23.58 3 ) = 126.77 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑚
2 Concrete 𝑘𝑁 1.9 𝑚 143.37 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
(8 𝑚)(0.4𝑚) (23.58 3 ) = 75.46 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑚
3 Concrete 1 𝑘𝑁 1.57 𝑚 29.61 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
( ) (8 𝑚)(0.2𝑚) (23.58 3 ) = 18.86 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
2 𝑚
4 Soil 𝑘𝑁 3.85 𝑚 181.10 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
(8𝑚)(3.5 𝑚) (16.8 3 ) = 470.4 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑚
5 Soil 1 𝑘𝑁 4.43 𝑚 80.75 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
( ) (0.62 𝑚)(3.5𝑚) (16.8 3 ) = 18.23 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
2 𝑚
𝑃𝑣 42.97 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 5.6 𝑚 240.63 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
Total 752.69 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 1210.42 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚

Then we compute for the overturning moment,

𝐻′ 𝑘𝑁 8 𝑚 + 0.96 𝑚 + 0.62 𝑚
𝑀𝑜 = 𝑃ℎ ( ) = (243.71 ) ( ) = 778.24 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
3 𝑚 3

Then the factors of safety against overturning and sliding are the following:
1210.42 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
𝐹𝑆𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 = = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟔
778.24 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚

2 2 𝑘𝑁 2 2 𝑘𝑁
∑ 𝑉 tan ( 𝜙2′ ) + 𝐵 ( ) 𝑐2′ (752.69 𝑚 ) tan (3 (28°)) + (5.6 𝑚) (3) (30 𝑚2 )
𝐹𝑆𝑠𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 3 3 = = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟎
𝑃𝑎 cos(𝛼) 𝑘𝑁
243.71
𝑚
Then,
𝑚 𝑚
𝐵 ∑ 𝑀𝑅 − ∑ 𝑀𝑂 5.6 𝑚 (1210.42 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚) − (778.24 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚)
𝑒= − = − = 0.57 𝑚
2 ∑𝑉 2 𝑘𝑁
(752.69 𝑚 )

𝑘𝑁
∑𝑉 6𝑒 (752.69 𝑚 ) 6(0.57 𝑚) 𝑘𝑁
𝑞𝑡𝑜𝑒 = (1 + ) = (1 + ) = 216.49 2
𝐵 𝐵 (5.6 𝑚) (5.6 𝑚) 𝑚

𝐵′ = 5.6 𝑚 − (2)(0.57 𝑚) = 4.46 𝑚

1
𝑞𝑢 = 𝑐2′ 𝑁𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑑 𝐹𝑐𝑙 + 𝑞𝑁𝑞 𝐹𝑞𝑑 𝐹𝑞𝑙 + 𝛾2 𝐵′𝑁𝛾 𝐹𝛾𝑑 𝐹𝛾𝑙
2
From Table 3.3 for 𝜙2′ = 28°, 𝑁𝑐 = 25.80, 𝑁𝑞 = 14.72, and 𝑁𝛾 = 16.72. And that

𝐷 1.75 𝑚
𝐹𝑞𝑑 = 1 + 2 tan(𝜙2′ )(1 − sin 𝜙2′ )2 = 1 + 2 tan(28°)(1 − sin(28°))2 = 1.12
𝐵′ 4.46 𝑚
1 − 𝐹𝑞𝑑 1 − (1.12)
𝐹𝑐𝑑 = 𝐹𝑞𝑑 − ′ ) = (1.12) − (25.80) = 1.13
𝑁𝑐 tan(𝜙2 tan(28°)
 Jajurie, Nur-Ranji C.
2012-53949
CE 264 PS4
𝐹𝛾𝑑 = 1

𝜓° 2 17.94° 2
𝐹𝑐𝑖 = 𝐹𝑞𝑖 = (1 − ) = (1 − ) = 0.64
90° 90°
2
𝜓° 17.94° 2
𝐹𝛾𝑖 = (1 − ′ ) = (1 − ) = 0.13
𝜙2 ° 28°

𝑃𝑎 cos(𝛼) 243.71 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

𝜓° = tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 ( ) = 17.94°
∑𝑉 752.69 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑞 = 𝛾2 𝐷 = (17.6 3
) (1.75 𝑚) = 30.80 2
𝑚 𝑚
1
𝑞𝑢 = 𝑐2′ 𝑁𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑑 𝐹𝑐𝑖 + 𝑞𝑁𝑞 𝐹𝑞𝑑 𝐹𝑞𝑖 + 𝛾2 𝐵′𝑁𝛾 𝐹𝛾𝑑 𝐹𝛾𝑖
2
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑞𝑢 = (30 2
) (25.80)(1.13)(0.64) + (30.80 2 ) (14.72)(1.13)(0.64)
𝑚 𝑚
1 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
+ (17.6 3 ) (4.46 𝑚)(16.72)(1.00)(0.13) = 972.95 2
2 𝑚 𝑚
𝑘𝑁
𝑞𝑢 972.95 2
𝐹𝑆𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = = 𝑚 = 𝟒. 𝟒𝟗
𝑞𝑡𝑜𝑒 216.49 𝑘𝑁
𝑚2
 Jajurie, Nur-Ranji C.
2012-53949
CE 264 PS4
PROBLEM 2. (8.2)

Repeat Problem 1 with the following:

Wall dimensions: 𝐻 = 6.5 𝑚, 𝑥1 = 0.3 𝑚, 𝑥2 = 0.6 𝑚, 𝑥3 = 0.8 𝑚, 𝑥4 = 2.0 𝑚, 𝑥5 = 0.8 𝑚

𝐷 = 1.5 𝑚, 𝛼 = 0°
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
Soil properties: 𝛾1 = 18.08 𝑚3 , 𝜙1′ = 36°, 𝛾2 = 19.65 𝑚3 , 𝜙2′ = 15°, 𝑐2′ = 30 𝑚2

𝑘𝑁 2
Other givens: 𝛾𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 = 23.58 , 𝑘1 = 𝑘2 = , 𝑃𝑝 = 0
𝑚3 3

2 4

A 1

SOLUTION:

Using Table 7.1 with 𝜙1′ = 36° and 𝛼 = 0°, then 𝐾𝑎 = 0.2596

Hence,
1 1 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑎 = (𝐻′)2 𝛾1 𝐾𝑎 = (0.8 𝑚 + 6.5 𝑚)2 (18.08 3 ) (0.2596) = 125.06 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
2 2 𝑚
And that,

𝑃𝑣 = 𝑃𝑎 sin(𝛼) = (125.06 𝑘𝑁/𝑚) sin(0°) = 0 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

𝑃ℎ = 𝑃𝑎 cos(𝛼) = (125.06 𝑘𝑁/𝑚) cos(0°) = 125.06 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
 Jajurie, Nur-Ranji C.
2012-53949
CE 264 PS4
Thus, calculating the total weight and moment point A:
WEIGHT Moment Arm from Point A Moment about Point A
SECTION
(kN/m) (m) (kN-m/m)
1 Concrete 𝑘𝑁 1.7 𝑚 109.04 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
(0.80 𝑚)(3.4𝑚) (23.58 3 ) = 64.14 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑚
2 Concrete 𝑘𝑁 1.25 𝑚 57.48 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
(6.5 𝑚)(0.3𝑚) (23.58 3 ) = 45.98 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑚
3 Concrete 1 𝑘𝑁 1.0 𝑚 22.99 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
( ) (6.5 𝑚)(0.3𝑚) (23.58 3 ) = 22.99 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
2 𝑚
4 Soil 𝑘𝑁 2.4 𝑚 564.10 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
(6.5𝑚)(2.0 𝑚) (18.08 3 ) = 235.04 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑚
𝑃𝑣 0 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 3.4 𝑚 0.0 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
Total 368.15 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 753.61 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚

Then we compute for the overturning moment,

𝐻′ 𝑘𝑁 6.5 𝑚 + 0.8 𝑚
𝑀𝑜 = 𝑃ℎ ( ) = (125.06 ) ( ) = 304.31 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
3 𝑚 3

Then the factors of safety against overturning and sliding are the following:
753.61 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
𝐹𝑆𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 = = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟖
304.31 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚

2 2 𝑘𝑁 2 2 𝑘𝑁
∑ 𝑉 tan ( 𝜙2′ ) + 𝐵 ( ) 𝑐2′ (368.15 𝑚 ) tan (3 (15°)) + (3.4 𝑚) (3) (30 𝑚2 )
𝐹𝑆𝑠𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 3 3 = = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟔
𝑃𝑎 cos(𝛼) 𝑘𝑁
125.06
𝑚
Then,
𝑚 𝑚
𝐵 ∑ 𝑀𝑅 − ∑ 𝑀𝑂 3.4 𝑚 (753.61 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚) − (304.31 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚)
𝑒= − = − = 0.48 𝑚
2 ∑𝑉 2 𝑘𝑁
(368.15 )
𝑚
𝑘𝑁
∑𝑉 6𝑒 (368.15 𝑚 ) 6(0.48 𝑚) 𝑘𝑁
𝑞𝑡𝑜𝑒 = (1 + ) = (1 + ) = 200 2
𝐵 𝐵 (3.4 𝑚) (3.4 𝑚) 𝑚

𝐵′ = 3.4 𝑚 − (2)(0.48 𝑚) = 2.44 𝑚

1
𝑞𝑢 = 𝑐2′ 𝑁𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑑 𝐹𝑐𝑙 + 𝑞𝑁𝑞 𝐹𝑞𝑑 𝐹𝑞𝑙 + 𝛾2 𝐵′𝑁𝛾 𝐹𝛾𝑑 𝐹𝛾𝑙
2
From Table 3.3 for 𝜙2′ = 15°, 𝑁𝑐 = 10.98, 𝑁𝑞 = 3.94, and 𝑁𝛾 = 2.65. And that

𝐷 1.5 𝑚
𝐹𝑞𝑑 = 1 + 2 tan(𝜙2′ )(1 − sin 𝜙2′ )2 = 1 + 2 tan(15°)(1 − sin(15°))2 = 1.18
𝐵′ 2.44 𝑚
1 − 𝐹𝑞𝑑 1 − (1.18)
𝐹𝑐𝑑 = 𝐹𝑞𝑑 − ′ ) = (1.18) − (10.98) = 1.24
𝑁𝑐 tan(𝜙2 tan(15°)

𝐹𝛾𝑑 = 1
 Jajurie, Nur-Ranji C.
2012-53949
CE 264 PS4
𝜓° 2 18.76° 2
𝐹𝑐𝑖 = 𝐹𝑞𝑖 = (1 − ) = (1 − ) = 0.63
90° 90°
2
𝜓° 18.76° 2
𝐹𝛾𝑖 = (1 − ′ ) = (1 − ) = 0.06
𝜙2 ° 15°

𝑃𝑎 cos(𝛼) 125.06 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

𝜓° = tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 ( ) = 18.76°
∑𝑉 368.15 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑞 = 𝛾2 𝐷 = (19.65 3
) (1.5 𝑚) = 29.48 2
𝑚 𝑚
1
𝑞𝑢 = 𝑐2′ 𝑁𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑑 𝐹𝑐𝑖 + 𝑞𝑁𝑞 𝐹𝑞𝑑 𝐹𝑞𝑖 + 𝛾2 𝐵′𝑁𝛾 𝐹𝛾𝑑 𝐹𝛾𝑖
2
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑞𝑢 = (30 2
) (10.98)(1.24)(0.63) + (29.48 2 ) (3.94)(1.18)(0.63)
𝑚 𝑚
1 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
+ (19.65 3 ) (2.44 𝑚)(2.65)(1.00)(0.06) = 347.49 2
2 𝑚 𝑚
𝑘𝑁
𝑞𝑢 347.49 2
𝐹𝑆𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = = 𝑚 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟒
𝑞𝑡𝑜𝑒 𝑘𝑁
200 2
𝑚
 Jajurie, Nur-Ranji C.
2012-53949
CE 264 PS4
PROBLEM 3. (8.3)

A gravity retaining wall is show in the figure below. Calculate the factor of safety with respect to
overturning and sliding given the following data:

Wall dimensions: 𝐻 = 6.0 𝑚, 𝑥1 = 0.6 𝑚, 𝑥2 = 2.0 𝑚, 𝑥3 = 2.0 𝑚, 𝑥4 = 0.5 𝑚, 𝑥5 = 0.75 𝑚,

𝑥6 = 0.80 𝑚, 𝐷 = 1.5 𝑚
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
Soil properties: 𝛾1 = 16.5 𝑚3 , 𝜙1′ = 32°, 𝛾2 = 18.0 𝑚3 , 𝜙2′ = 22°, 𝑐2′ = 40 𝑚2
𝑘𝑁 2
Other givens: 𝛾𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 = 23.58 , 𝑘1 = 𝑘2 = , 𝑃𝑝 = 0
𝑚3 3

Use the Rankine active earth pressure in your calculation.

5 6

1 2 3

SOLUTION

First, we identify the following:

 Jajurie, Nur-Ranji C.
2012-53949
CE 264 PS4
𝐻 ′ = 6 𝑚 + 0.8 𝑚 = 6.8 𝑚
And that
32
𝐾𝑎 = tan2 (45 − ) = 0.307
3
1 1 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑎 = 𝑃ℎ = 𝛾(𝐻 ′ )2 𝐾𝑎 = (16.5 3 ) (6.8 𝑚)2 (0.307) = 117.11
2 2 𝑚 𝑚
Thus, calculating the total weight and moment point A:
WEIGHT Moment Arm from Point A Moment about Point A
SECTION
(kN/m) (m) (kN-m/m)
1 Concrete 1 𝑘𝑁 1.83 𝑚 258.90 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
(2
( ) 𝑚)(6.0 𝑚) (23.58 3 ) = 141.48 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
2 𝑚
2 Concrete 𝑘𝑁 2.80 𝑚 237.69 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
(6.0 𝑚)(0.6𝑚) (23.58 3 ) = 84.89 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑚
3 Concrete 1 𝑘𝑁 3.77 𝑚 533.38 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
( ) (2 𝑚)(6.0 𝑚) (23.58 3 ) = 141.48 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
2 𝑚
4 Concrete 𝑘𝑁 2.93 𝑚 322.80 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
(5.85 𝑚)(0.8𝑚) (23.58 3 ) = 110.35 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑚
5 Soil 1 𝑘𝑁 4.43 𝑚 438.57 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
(2
( ) 𝑚)(6.0 𝑚) (16.5 3 ) = 99.0 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
2 𝑚
6 Soil 𝑘𝑁 5.48 𝑚 405.52 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
(6.0 𝑚)(0.75𝑚) (16.5 3 ) = 74.25 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑚
Total 651.45 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 2196.86 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚

Then we compute for the overturning moment,

𝐻′ 𝑘𝑁 6.0 𝑚 + 0.8 𝑚
𝑀𝑜 = 𝑃ℎ ( ) = (117.10 ) ( ) = 265.40 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
3 𝑚 3

Then the factors of safety against overturning and sliding are the following:
∑ 𝑀𝑅 2196.86 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
𝐹𝑆𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 = = = 𝟖. 𝟐𝟖
∑ 𝑀𝑂 265.40 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚

2 2 𝑘𝑁 2 2 𝑘𝑁
∑ 𝑉 tan ( 𝜙2′ ) + 𝐵 ( ) 𝑐2′ (651.45 𝑚 ) tan (3 (22°)) + (5.85 𝑚) (3) (40 𝑚2 )
𝐹𝑆𝑠𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 3 3 = = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟗
𝑃𝑎 cos(𝛼) 𝑘𝑁
117.10 𝑚
 Jajurie, Nur-Ranji C.
2012-53949
CE 264 PS4
PROBLEM 4. (8.4)
2
Repeat Problem 3 using Coulomb’s active earth pressure in your calculation and letting 𝛿 ′ = 3 𝜙1′.

SOLUTION
2
Given that 𝛿 ′ = 3 𝜙1′ and that 𝜙1′ = 32°, 𝛼 = 0°, and 𝛽 = 71.57°, we found that from Table 7.4, 𝐾𝑎 =
0.45 and that 𝛿 ′ = 21.33°.

Hence,
1 1 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑎 = 𝛾(𝐻 ′ )2 𝐾𝑎 = (16.5 3 ) (6.8 𝑚)2 (0.45) = 171.67
2 2 𝑚 𝑚
Referring to the figure below:

𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑣 = 𝑃𝑎 sin(21.33 + 18.43) = (171.67 𝑘𝑁/𝑚) sin(39.76°) = 109.80
𝑚
𝑘𝑁
𝑃ℎ = 𝑃𝑎 cos(21.33 + 18.43) = (171.67 𝑘𝑁/𝑚) cos(39.76°) = 131.97
𝑚
Thus, calculating the total weight and moment point A:
WEIGHT Moment Arm from Point A Moment about Point A
SECTION
(kN/m) (m) (kN-m/m)
1 Concrete 1 𝑘𝑁 1.83 𝑚 258.90 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
( ) (2 𝑚)(6.0 𝑚) (23.58 3 ) = 141.48 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
2 𝑚
2 Concrete 𝑘𝑁 2.80 𝑚 237.69 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
(6.0 𝑚)(0.6𝑚) (23.58 3 ) = 84.89 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑚
3 Concrete 1 𝑘𝑁 3.77 𝑚 533.38 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
( ) (2 𝑚)(6.0 𝑚) (23.58 3 ) = 141.48 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
2 𝑚
4 Concrete 𝑘𝑁 2.93 𝑚 322.80 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
(5.85 𝑚)(0.8𝑚) (23.58 3 ) = 110.35 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑚
5 Soil 109.80 4.61 𝑚 506.29 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
Total 588 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 1859.06 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚

Then we compute for the overturning moment,

𝐻′ 𝑘𝑁 6.0 𝑚 + 0.8 𝑚
𝑀𝑜 = 𝑃ℎ ( ) = (131.97 ) ( ) = 299.13 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
3 𝑚 3

Then the factors of safety against overturning and sliding are the following:
 Jajurie, Nur-Ranji C.
2012-53949
CE 264 PS4
∑ 𝑀𝑅 1859.06 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚
𝐹𝑆𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 = = = 𝟔. 𝟐
∑ 𝑀𝑂 299.13 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚

2 2 𝑘𝑁 2 2 𝑘𝑁
∑ 𝑉 tan ( 𝜙2′ ) + 𝐵 ( ) 𝑐2′ (588 𝑚 ) tan (3 (22°)) + (5.85 𝑚) (3) (40 𝑚2 )
𝐹𝑆𝑠𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 3 3 = = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟓
𝑃𝑎 cos(𝛼) 𝑘𝑁
131.97
𝑚
 Jajurie, Nur-Ranji C.
2012-53949
CE 264 PS4
PROBLEM 5 (9.1)

The figure below shows a cantilever sheet pile wall penetrating a granular soil. Here, 𝐿1 = 4 𝑚, 𝐿2 =
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
8 𝑚, 𝛾 = 16.10 𝑚3 , 𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 18.2 𝑚3, and 𝜙 ′ = 32°.

a. What is the theoretical depth of embedment, D?

b. For a 30% increase in D, what should be the total length of the sheet piles?
c. Determine the theoretical maximum moment of the sheet pile.
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
Referring to the figure below with 𝐿1 = 4 𝑚, 𝐿2 = 8 𝑚, 𝛾 = 16.10 𝑚3 , 𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 18.2 𝑚3, and 𝜙 ′ = 32°.

Then,
 Jajurie, Nur-Ranji C.
2012-53949
CE 264 PS4
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝛾 ′ = 18.2 3
− 9.81 3 = 8.39 3
𝑚 𝑚 𝑚
32°
𝐾𝑎 = tan2 (45° − ) = 0.307
2
32°
𝐾𝑝 = tan2 (45° + ) = 3.255
2
Hence,
𝑘𝑁
𝜎1′ = 𝛾𝐿1 𝐾𝑎 = (16.10 ) (4 𝑚)(0.307) = 19.77 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝑚3
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝜎2′ = (𝛾𝐿1 + 𝛾 ′ 𝐿2 )𝐾𝑎 = [(16.10 ) (4 𝑚) + (8.39 3 ) (8 𝑚)] (0.307) = 40.38 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝑚3 𝑚
And that,

40.38 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝐿3 = = 1.63 𝑚
𝑘𝑁
(8.39 3 ) (3.255 − 0.307)
𝑚
1 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 1 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑃 = (4𝑚) (19.77 2 ) + (8 𝑚) (19.77 2 ) + (8 𝑚) (40.38 2 − 19.77 2 )
2 𝑚 𝑚 2 𝑚 𝑚
1 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
+ (1.63 𝑚) (40.38 2 ) = 313.05
2 𝑚 𝑚
1 𝑘𝑁 4 𝑘𝑁
𝑃(𝑧̅) = (4𝑚) (19.77 2 ) (9.63 𝑚 + 𝑚) + (8 𝑚) (19.77 2 ) (5.63 𝑚)
2 𝑚 3 𝑚
1 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 8
+ (8 𝑚) (40.38 2 − 19.77 2 ) (1.63 𝑚 + 𝑚)
2 𝑚 𝑚 3
1 𝑘𝑁 (2)(1.63 𝑚) 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
+ (1.63 𝑚) (40.38 2 ) ( ) = 1713.91
2 𝑚 3 𝑚
𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
1713.91 𝑚
𝑧̅ = = 5.47 𝑚
𝑘𝑁
313.05 𝑚

Also,

𝜎5′ = (𝛾𝐿1 + 𝛾 ′ 𝐿2 )𝐾𝑝 + 𝛾 ′ 𝐿3 (𝐾𝑝 − 𝐾𝑎 )

𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
= [(16.10 3 ) (4 𝑚) + (8.39 3 ) (8 𝑚)] (3.255)
𝑚 𝑚
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
+ (8.39 3 ) (1.63 𝑚)(3.255 − 0.307) = 468.4 2
𝑚 𝑚
 Jajurie, Nur-Ranji C.
2012-53949
CE 264 PS4
𝑘𝑁
468.4
𝐴1 = 𝑚2 = 18.94 𝑚
𝑘𝑁
(8.39 ) (3.255 − 0.307)
𝑚3
𝑘𝑁
8 (313.05 𝑚 )
𝐴2 = = 101.25 𝑚2
𝑘𝑁
(8.39 3 ) (3.255 − 0.307)
𝑚
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
6 (313.05 𝑚 ) [2(5.47𝑚) (8.39 3 ) (3.255 − 0.307) + 468.4 2 ]
𝐴3 = 𝑚 𝑚 = 2268.94𝑚3
2
𝑘𝑁
(8.39 3 ) (3.255 − 0.307)2
𝑚

𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
(313.05 𝑚 ) [6(5.47𝑚) (468.4 2 ) + 4 (313.05 𝑚 )]
𝐴4 = 𝑚 = 8507.44 𝑚4
𝑘𝑁 2
(8.39 3 ) (3.255 − 0.307)2
𝑚
Then solving the equation:

𝐿44 + (18.94 𝑚)𝐿34 − (101.25 𝑚2 )𝐿24 − (2268.94𝑚3 )𝐿4 − (8507.44 𝑚4 ) = 0

Hence, 𝐿4 = 11.68 𝑚

Thus, the theoretical depth of embedment is equal to:

𝐷 = 𝐿3 + 𝐿4 = 1.63 𝑚 + 11.68 𝑚 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟑𝟏 𝒎

And the total length of sheet pile, for 30% increase in D is equivalent to:

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 4 𝑚 + 8 𝑚 + (1.3)(13.31 𝑚) = 𝟐𝟗. 𝟑 𝒎

Lastly, the theoretical maximum moment of the sheet pile is equal to:

𝑘𝑁
2𝑃 2 (313.05 )
𝑧′ = √ =√ 𝑚 =5𝑚
𝛾′(𝐾𝑝 − 𝐾𝑎 ) 𝑘𝑁
(8.39 3 ) (3.255 − 0.307)
𝑚

1
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑃(𝑧̅ + 𝑧 ′ ) − 𝛾 ′ 𝑧 ′3 (𝐾𝑝 − 𝐾𝑎 )
6
𝑘𝑁 1 𝑘𝑁
= (313.05 ) (5.47 𝑚 + 5 𝑚) − (8.39 3 ) (5 𝑚)3 (3.255 − 0.307)
𝑚 6 𝑚
𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
= 𝟐𝟕𝟔𝟐
𝒎
 Jajurie, Nur-Ranji C.
2012-53949
CE 264 PS4
PROBLEM 6 (9.4)
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
Refer to the figure below in which, 𝐿1 = 2.4 𝑚, 𝐿2 = 4.6 𝑚, 𝛾 = 15.70 ,𝛾 = 17.3 , and 𝜙 ′ =
𝑚3 𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑚3
𝑘𝑁
30°, and 𝑐 = 29 𝑚2
.

a. What is the theoretical depth of embedment, D?

b. For a 40% increase in D, what length of sheet piles is needed?
c. Determine the theoretical maximum moment of the sheet pile.
 Jajurie, Nur-Ranji C.
2012-53949
CE 264 PS4
SOLUTION
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
Referring to the figure below with 𝐿1 = 2.4 𝑚, 𝐿2 = 4.6 𝑚, 𝛾 = 15.70 ,𝛾 = 17.3 , and 𝜙 ′ =
𝑚3 𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑚3
𝑘𝑁
30°, and 𝑐 = 29 𝑚2
.

First, to find the theoretical depth of the embedment, we compute the following:
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝛾 ′ = 17.3 3
− 9.81 3 = 7.49 3
𝑚 𝑚 𝑚
30°
𝐾𝑎 = tan2 (45° − ) = 0.333
2
30°
𝐾𝑝 = tan2 (45° + ) = 3.0
2
Then,
𝑘𝑁
𝜎1′ = 𝛾𝐿1 𝐾𝑎 = (15.70 ) (2.4 𝑚)(0.333) = 12.56 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝑚3
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝜎2′ = (𝛾𝐿1 + 𝛾 ′ 𝐿2 )𝐾𝑎 = [(15.70 3
) (2.4 𝑚) + (7.49 3 ) (4.6 𝑚)] (0.333) = 24.04 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝑚 𝑚
And that,
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑃1 = 15.07 + 57.78 + 26.4 = 99.25
𝑚 𝑚 𝑚 𝑚
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 4.6 𝑚 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑃(𝑧̅) = (5.4𝑚) (15.07 ) + (2.3 𝑚) (57.78 ) + (26.4 ) = 254.75
𝑚 𝑚 3 𝑚 𝑚
 Jajurie, Nur-Ranji C.
2012-53949
CE 264 PS4
𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
254.75 𝑚
𝑧̅1 = = 2.57 𝑚
𝑘𝑁
99.25 𝑚

And from Equation 9.48, we have:

𝑃1 (𝑃1 + 12𝑐𝑧̅1 )
𝐷 2 [4𝑐 − (𝛾𝐿1 + 𝛾 ′ 𝐿2 )] − 2𝐷𝑃1 − =0
(𝛾𝐿1 + 𝛾 ′ 𝐿2 ) + 2𝑐

𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝐷 2 [4 (29 2
) − ((15.70 3 ) (2.4 𝑚) + (7.49 3 ) (4.6 𝑚))] − 2𝐷 (99.25 )
𝑚 𝑚 𝑚 𝑚
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
(99.25 𝑚 ) ((99.25 𝑚 ) + 12 (29 2 ) (2.57 𝑚))
𝑚
− =0
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
((15.70 3 ) (2.4 𝑚) + (7.49 3 ) (4.6 𝑚)) + 2 (29 2 )
𝑚 𝑚 𝑚

43.87𝐷2 − 198.5𝐷 − 757 = 0

Solving the above equation, we found out that the theoretical depth of embedment is equal to 𝑫 = 𝟕 𝒎

Next, to find the length of the sheet pile (assuming a 40% increase in the depth of embedment):

2.4𝑚 + 4.6𝑚 + 1.4(7𝑚) = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟖 𝒎

Finally, to identify the theoretical maximum moment of the sheet pile:

𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝜎6 = 4𝑐 − (𝛾𝐿1 + 𝛾 ′ 𝐿2 ) = 4 (29 2
) − ((15.70 3 ) (2.4 𝑚) + (7.49 3 ) (4.6 𝑚)) = 43.87 2
𝑚 𝑚 𝑚 𝑚

And that,
𝑘𝑁
′
𝑃1 99.25 𝑚
𝑧 = = = 2.26 𝑚
𝜎6 43.87 𝑘𝑁
𝑚2
𝑘𝑁
𝜎 𝑧 ′2
𝑘𝑁 (43.87 2 ) (2.26 𝑚)2
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑃1 (𝑧 ′ + 𝑧̅1 ) −
6
= (99.25 ) (2.26 𝑚 + 2.57 𝑚) − 𝑚
2 𝑚 2
𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
= 𝟑𝟔𝟕. 𝟎𝟒 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒘𝒂𝒍𝒍
𝒎
 Jajurie, Nur-Ranji C.
2012-53949
CE 264 PS4
PROBLEM 7 (9.8)
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
Refer to the figure below. Given 𝐿1 = 4 𝑚, 𝐿2 = 8 𝑚, 𝑙1 = 𝑙2 = 2 𝑚, 𝛾 = 16 ,𝛾 = 18.5 , and
𝑚3 𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑚3
𝜙 ′ = 35°. Use the charts presented in Section 9.10 and determine:

a. Theoretical depth of penetration

b. Anchor force per unit length
c. Maximum moment in the sheet pile.

SOLUTION

To find the theoretical depth of penetration, we first identify the following:

𝜙 ′ = 35°
𝑙1 2𝑚
= = 0.167
𝐿1 + 𝐿2 4 𝑚 + 8 𝑚
𝐿1 4𝑚
= = 0.333
𝐿1 + 𝐿2 4 𝑚 + 8 𝑚
Hence, from Figure 9.18, 𝐺𝐷 = 0.19 and from Figure 9.21, 𝐶𝐷𝐿1 = 1.14

Using Equation 9.61:

𝐷 = (𝐿1 + 𝐿2 )(𝐺𝐷)(𝐶𝐷𝐿1 ) = (12 𝑚)(0.19)(1.14) = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟎 𝒎

Then, to find the anchor force per unit length, we use Figure 9.19 to identify that 𝐺𝐹 = 0.06 and that
from Figure 9.22, 𝐶𝐹𝐿1 = 1.07, additionally, we compute for:

𝛾𝐿21 + 𝛾′𝐿22 + 2𝛾𝐿1 𝐿2

𝛾𝑎 =
(𝐿1 + 𝐿2 )2
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
(16 3 ) (4 𝑚)2 + (18.5 3 − 9.81 3 ) (8 𝑚)2 + 2 (16 3 ) (4 𝑚)(8 𝑚)
= 𝑚 𝑚 𝑚 𝑚
(4 𝑚 + 8 𝑚)2
𝑘𝑁
= 12.75 3
𝑚
And using Equation 9.71:
𝑘𝑁 𝒌𝑵
𝐹 = 𝛾𝑎 (𝐿1 + 𝐿2 )2 (𝐺𝐹)(𝐶𝐹𝐿1 ) = (12.75 3
) (4 𝑚 + 8 𝑚)2 (0.06)(1.07) = 𝟏𝟏𝟕. 𝟖𝟕
𝑚 𝒎
Finally, to identify the maximum moment in the sheet pile, we first use Figure 9.20 to identify that
𝐺𝑀 = 0.02 and that from 9.23 to identify that 𝐶𝑀𝐿1 = 1.03. Hence,
𝑘𝑁 𝒌𝑵−𝒎
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝛾𝑎 (𝐿1 + 𝐿2 )3 (𝐺𝑀)(𝐶𝑀𝐿1 ) = (12.75 ) (4 𝑚 + 8 𝑚)3 (0.02)(1.03) = 𝟒𝟓𝟑. 𝟖𝟔
𝑚3 𝒎
 Jajurie, Nur-Ranji C.
2012-53949
CE 264 PS4
PROBLEM 8 (9.10)

An anchored sheet-pile bulkhead is shown in the figure below. Let 𝐿1 = 2 𝑚, 𝐿2 = 6 𝑚, 𝑙1 = 1 𝑚, 𝛾 =

𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
16 𝑚3, 𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 18.86 𝑚3 , 𝜙 ′ = 32°, and 𝑐 = 27 𝑚2 .

a. Determine the theoretical depth of embedment, D.

b. Calculate the anchor force per unit length of the sheet-pile wall.
Use the free earth support method.

SOLUTION

First, we identify the following pressure coefficients:

𝜙′ 32′
𝐾𝑎 = tan2 (45° − ) = tan2 (45° − ) = 0.31
2 2

𝜙′ 32′
𝐾𝑃 = tan2 (45° + ) = tan2 (45° + ) = 3.25
2 2

𝐾𝑃 − 𝐾𝑎 = 3.25 − 0.31 = 2.94

Hence,
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝜎1′ = 𝛾𝐿1 𝐾𝑎 = (16 3
) (2 𝑚)(0.31) = 9.92 2
𝑚 𝑚
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝜎2′ = (𝛾𝐿1 + 𝛾 ′ 𝐿2 )𝐾𝑎 = [(16 3
) (2 𝑚) + (18.86 3 − 9.81 3 ) (6 𝑚)] (0.31) = 26.75 2
𝑚 𝑚 𝑚 𝑚
 Jajurie, Nur-Ranji C.
2012-53949
CE 264 PS4
Referring from the figure:

Hence,
1 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 1 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑃1 = (9.92 2 ) (2 𝑚) + (9.92 2 ) (6 𝑚) + (26.75 2 − 9.92 2 ) (6 𝑚) = 119.93
2 𝑚 𝑚 2 𝑚 𝑚 𝑚
2 1 𝑘𝑁 6𝑚 𝑘𝑁
𝑃(𝑧̅) = (6𝑚 + 𝑚) [ (9.92 2 ) (2 𝑚)] + ( ) [(9.92 2 ) (6 𝑚)]
3 2 𝑚 2 𝑚
6𝑚 1 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
+( ) [ (26.75 2 − 9.92 2 ) (6 𝑚)] = 345.67
3 2 𝑚 𝑚 𝑚
𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
345.67 𝑚
𝑧̅1 = = 2.88 𝑚
𝑘𝑁
119.93 𝑚

And from:

𝜎6 𝐷2 + 2𝜎6 𝐷(𝐿1 + 𝐿2 − 𝑙1 ) − 2𝑃1 (𝐿1 + 𝐿2 − 𝑙1 − 𝑧̅1 ) = 0

Wherein,
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝜎6 = 4𝑐 − (𝛾𝐿1 + 𝛾 ′ 𝐿2 ) = 4 (27 2
) − [(16 3 ) (2 𝑚) + (18.86 3 − 9.81 3 ) (6 𝑚)] = 21.7 2
𝑚 𝑚 𝑚 𝑚 𝑚
So,
𝑘𝑁 2 𝑘𝑁
(21.7 2
) 𝐷 + 2 (21.7 2 ) 𝐷(2 𝑚 + 6 𝑚 − 1 𝑚)
𝑚 𝑚
𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
− 2 (345.67 ) (2 𝑚 + 6 𝑚 − 1 𝑚 − 2.88 𝑚) = 0
𝑚
Or that

21.7𝐷2 + 759.5𝐷 − 2848.32 = 0, 𝑫 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟔 𝒎

 Jajurie, Nur-Ranji C.
2012-53949
CE 264 PS4
And to find the anchor force per unit length of the sheet-pile wall using the free earth support method:

𝑃1 − 𝜎6 𝐷 = 𝐹
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝒌𝑵
(119.93 ) − (21.7 2 ) (2.06 𝑚) = 𝟕𝟓. 𝟐𝟑
𝑚 𝑚 𝒎
 Jajurie, Nur-Ranji C.
2012-53949
CE 264 PS4
PROBLEM 9 (10.01)
𝑘𝑁
Refer to the braced cut shown below. Given: 𝛾 = 16 , 𝜙 ′ = 38°, and 𝑐 ′ = 0. The struts are located at
𝑚3
3.5 𝑚 center-to-center in the plan. Draw the earth-pressure envelope and determine the strut loads at
levels A, B, and C.

SOLUTION

Using Equation 10.1, we found out that:

𝑘𝑁 38° 𝑘𝑁
𝜎𝒂 = 0.65𝛿𝐻𝐾𝑎 = 0.65 (16 3
) (8 𝑚) (tan2 (45° − )) = 19.79 2
𝑚 2 𝑚
Then, the earth pressure envelope is equal to:
 Jajurie, Nur-Ranji C.
2012-53949
CE 264 PS4
Then taking the moments along B equal to zero, we have:

∑ 𝑀𝐵1 = 0

𝑘𝑁 3.5 𝑚
(19.79 ) (3.5 𝑚) ( 2 ) 𝑘𝑁
𝐴= 𝑚2 = 48.49
2.5 𝑚 𝑚
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝐵1 = (19.79 2
) (3.5 𝑚) − 48.49 = 20.78
𝑚 𝑚 𝑚

∑ 𝑀𝐵2 = 0

𝑘𝑁 4.5 𝑚
(19.79 ) (4.5 𝑚) ( ) 𝑘𝑁
𝐶= 𝑚2 2
= 66.79
3𝑚 𝑚
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝐵2 = (19.79 ) (4.5 𝑚) − 66.79 = 22.27
𝑚2 𝑚 𝑚
Hence,
𝑘𝑁
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝐴 = (48.49 ) (3.5 𝑚) = 𝟏𝟔𝟗. 𝟕𝟐 𝒌𝑵
𝑚
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝐵 = (20.78 + 22.27 ) (3.5 𝑚) = 𝟏𝟓𝟎. 𝟔𝟖 𝒌𝑵
𝑚 𝑚
𝑘𝑁
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝐶 = (66.79 ) (3.5 𝑚) = 𝟐𝟑𝟑. 𝟕𝟕 𝒌𝑵
𝑚
 Jajurie, Nur-Ranji C.
2012-53949
CE 264 PS4
PROBLEM 10 (10.02)

For the braced cut described in Problem 9, determine the following:

a. The sheet-pile section modulus

b. The section modulus of the wales at level B
𝑀𝑁
Assume that 𝜎𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 170 𝑚2 .

SOLUTION

To find the sheet pile modulus, we notice that the shear force diagram is equivalent to the following:

And that
1 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑀𝐴 = (1 𝑚) (19.79 ) = 9.90
2 𝑚 𝑚
1 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑀𝐵′ = (1.45 𝑚) (20.78 ) = 15.07
2 𝑚 𝑚
As for,
 Jajurie, Nur-Ranji C.
2012-53949
CE 264 PS4
So,
1 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑀𝐶 = (1.5 𝑚) (29.69 ) = 22.28
2 𝑚 𝑚
1 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑀𝐵′′ = (1.13 𝑚) (22.27 ) = 12.58
2 𝑚 𝑚
Thus, the sheet pile section modulus is equivalent to:
𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
22.28 𝑚 𝒎𝟑
−𝟒
𝑆= = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎 𝒐𝒇 𝒘𝒂𝒍𝒍
170 × 103 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 𝒎
As for the wales, we know that:

𝐵𝑠 2 (150.68 𝑘𝑁)(3. 5 𝑚)2 −𝟑

𝒎𝟑
𝑆= = = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎
8𝜎𝑎𝑙𝑙 8(170 × 103 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 ) 𝒎
 Jajurie, Nur-Ranji C.
2012-53949
CE 264 PS4
PROBLEM 11 (10.07)
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
Refer to the figure below. Given: 𝛾 = 15.5 , 𝑐 = 30 , and center-to-center spacing of struts in the
𝑚3 𝑚2
plan = 5𝑚. Draw the earth-pressure envelope and determine the strut loads at levels A, B, and C.

SOLUTION

First, we identify if:

𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝐻 (15.5 𝑚3 ) (7 𝑚)
= = 3.61 (𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑦)
𝑐 𝑘𝑁
(30 2 )
𝑚
Hence, the stress distribution pattern is like:
 Jajurie, Nur-Ranji C.
2012-53949
CE 264 PS4
And that
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝜎𝑎 = 0.3𝛾𝑎 𝐻 = 0.3 (15.5 3
) (7 𝑚) = 32.33 2
𝑚 𝑚
Hence, the earth pressure envelope is equal to:

Hence, taking the summation of moments at point B:

∑ 𝑀𝐵1 = 0

𝑘𝑁 2.25 𝑚 1 𝑘𝑁 1
(32.33 ) (2.25 𝑚) ( 2 ) + (2) (32.33 2 ) (1.75 𝑚)(2.5 + 3 (1.75 𝑚)) 𝑘𝑁
𝐴= 𝑚2 𝑚 = 56.35
3𝑚 𝑚
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑘𝑁 32.33 2 + 18.47 2
𝐵1 = (32.33 2 ) (2.25 𝑚) + ( 𝑚 𝑚 ) (0.75 𝑚) − 56.35 𝑘𝑁 = 35.44 𝑘𝑁
𝑚 2 𝑚 𝑚
( )

∑ 𝑀𝐵2 = 0

𝑘𝑁 1.25 𝑚 1 𝑘𝑁 1
(32.33 ) (1.25 𝑚) ( 2 ) + (2) (32.33 2 ) (1.75 𝑚)(1.25 + 3 (1.75 𝑚)) 𝑘𝑁
𝐶= 𝑚2 𝑚 = 38.56
2𝑚 𝑚
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑘𝑁 32.33 2 + 18.47 2
𝐵2 = (32.33 2 ) (1.25 𝑚) + ( 𝑚 𝑚 ) (0.75 𝑚) − 38.56 𝑘𝑁 = 20.90 𝑘𝑁
𝑚 2 𝑚 𝑚
( )
Hence,
𝑘𝑁
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝐴 = (56.35 ) (5 𝑚) = 𝟐𝟖𝟏. 𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝑵
𝑚
 Jajurie, Nur-Ranji C.
2012-53949
CE 264 PS4
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝐵 = (35.44 + 38.56 ) (5 𝑚) = 𝟑𝟕𝟎 𝒌𝑵
𝑚 𝑚
𝑘𝑁
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝐶 = (20.90 ) (5 𝑚) = 𝟏𝟎𝟒. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵
𝑚
 Jajurie, Nur-Ranji C.
2012-53949
CE 264 PS4
PROBLEM 12 (10.10)

Determine the factor of safety against bottom heave for the braced cut described in the previous problem.
Use Equation 10.16 and assume the length of the cut, 𝐿 = 18 𝑚.

SOLUTION

Given that:
𝐵 6𝑚
𝐵′ = = = 4.24
√2 √2
𝐵
And since there is no bearing stratum, we assume that 𝑇 is sufficiently large and that: 𝑇 > , then
√2
𝐵" = √2 𝐵 = 8.49 𝑚. Thus,
𝑘𝑁
(30 2 ) (7 𝑚)
0.2𝐵" 𝑐𝐻 5.14 (30 𝑘𝑁 ) (1 + 0.2(8.49 𝑚)) + 𝑚
5.14𝑐 (1 + 𝐿 ) + 𝑚2 (18 𝑚) (4.24 𝑚)
𝐹𝑆 = 𝐵′ = = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟏
𝛾𝐻 + 𝑞 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
(15.5 3 ) (7 𝑚) + (0 2 )
𝑚 𝑚