First Aid

FIRST AID
THE AIMS OF FIRST AID 3. RESPONSE: Shout and gently shake or tap the casualty. If
the casualty responds, find out what happened. Check their
Preserve life
signs and symptoms (how does the casualty feel or look? Try
• This doesn’t just refer to the injured party, but yourself to work out what’s wrong), and determine a treatment
and anyone helping you. (remember - if you are unsure, always seek medical advice). If
• Please take a moment to assess the situation, and there is no response, shout for help but don’t leave the
make sure there are no threats to you before you step casualty just yet, and go to step 4.
in.
Prevent the situation from getting worse 4. AIRWAY: Open the casualty’s airway by lifting their chin and
• If you are in no danger yourself, try to stop the tilting their head back.
situation from becoming worse by removing any
obvious dangers (such as stopping traffic, clearing 5. BREATHING NORMAL?: Look, listen and feel for two
people away from the casualty, opening a window to breaths in a maximum of ten seconds. If you can clearly
clear any fumes, etc.). determine the casualty is breathing, perform a secondary
• Act as quickly as you can to stop the casualty’s survey (check for bleeding, injuries and clues). Put the casualty
condition from worsening. into the recovery position, dial 999 if not already done, monitor
Promote recovery airway and breathing and keep the casualty warm. If you
• Your role as a first aider is, after ensuring that the cannot determine if the casualty is breathing, go to step 6.
situation cannot get worse, helping the casualty to
recover from their injury or illness, or stop their 6. DIAL 999 FOR AN AMBULANCE NOW IF YOU HAVEN’T
condition from getting worse. DONE SO ALREADY.
• If the injury is severe, then the best you can do is try
to keep them alive until the emergency services arrive 7. RESUSCITATION: Give 30 chest compressions followed by
LEGAL ASPECT OF PROVIDING FIRST AID 2 rescue breaths, continue giving cycles of 30 compressions to
2 breaths. If there is more than one first aider on hand, change
Good Samaritan Principle: prevents someone who has
over every 2 minutes to prevent fatigue. Continue until the
voluntarily helped another in need from being sued for
ambulance arrives.
‘wrongdoing’.
“Good Samaritan” Law: You are generally protected from
liability as long as:
1. You are reasonably careful
2. You act in “good faith´(not for a reward)
3. You do not provide care beyond your skill level
CONSENT = Permission
• Responsive Adult: must agree to receive first aid care
• Expressed Consent: the victim gives his or her
permission to receive care
• How to get consent
1. Introduce yourself
2. Tell the victim your level of training and ask if it’s
okay to help
• Implied Consent: permission to perform first aid care
on an unresponsive victim is assumed
• Children: Must be gained from a parent or legal
guardian
o If parent or guardian is not available (life-
threatening situations): first aid care should
be given based on implied consent
• Older Person: Must be gained from a family member
or legal guardian if an elderly suffering from a
disturbance in normal mental functioning
o If family member or guardian is not available
(life-threatening situations): first aid care
should be given based on implied consent
EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN
An emergency action plan is important to have in place should
you be faced with a situation requiring first aid.
1. REMOVE DANGER: Make the scene safe, do not take
risks.
2. DANGER: Look for any further danger. If yes, go back a
step, if no go to step 3.
FIRST AID
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE FIRST AID

PROVIDER
THE PRIORITIES OF TREATMENT
Role: to recognize a medical emergency and make a decision
This is the course of action you should try to follow, providing to help
the situation allows. Your personal safety is your highest priority, followed
by safety of victim and any bystanders
Primary survey (Airway → Breathing): Responsibilities
A. Make sure the casualty’s airway is clear. • Maintain composure
Do this by gently tipping their head back so that the • Maintain personal health and safety
front of the throat is extended. • Maintain Caring attitude
B. Check if they are breathing normally.
• Maintain up-to-date knowledge and skills
You can do this by placing the back of your hand
• Without putting yourself in danger, make the victims’
near their nose and mouth. You are looking for about
needs your main concern
two breaths every ten seconds. If the casualty is
• Do no further harm
breathing, then their heart is working, which means
blood is being circulated around their body.
Secondary survey (Breathing → Bleeding → Bones):
Once you are satisfied that the casualty is breathing
normally, the second thing to do is make sure to treat
any bleeding. This is to stem any blood loss and to
ensure there is a steady supply of oxygenated blood
to the casualty’s vital organs. If there is no bleeding,
or you have dealt with any cuts, the next priority is
broken bones

First Aid

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FIRST AID

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE FIRST AID

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