A brief introduction to IB notations and commands

Notation

Number sets N The set of positive integers and zero (natural numbers), {0, 1, 2, 3, . . . }
Z The set of integers, {0, ±1, ±2, ±3, . . . }
Z+ The set of positive integers, {1, 2, 3, . . . }
Q The set of rational numbers, any number that can be written
as a fraction in simplest form
Q+ The set of positive rational numbers, {x|x 2 Q, x > 0}
R The set of real numbers
R+ The set of positive real numbers, {x|x 2 R, x > 0}
Absolute value |x| IB may refer to this as modulus
Line segments Line segments AB will be written as [AB]
Angles We typically write angle A as \A.
IB will use the notation  or C ÂB
Repeating decimals Standard notations: 0.3 = 0.3333 . . . , 0.123 = 0.123123 . . .
IB notation: 0.3̇, 0.1̇23̇
Slope IB will refer to this as the gradient
Graphing calculator IB will refer to this as a GDC (graphic display calculator). The TI-83
Plus/TI-84 Plus, as well as similar Casio models, are recommended.
The TI-Nspire is prohibited for IB because of the computer algebra
system (CAS) installed.

Key Command Terms

Draw Represent by means of a labeled, accurate diagram or graph, using a pencil.

A ruler should be used for straight lines. Diagrams should be draw to scale.
Graphs should have points correctly plotted and joined in a straight line or
curve.
Hence Use the preceding work to obtain the required result.
Hence or otherwise It is suggested that the preceding work is used, but other methods could also
receive credit.
Show that Obtain the required result (possible using the information given) without the
formality of proof. These questions do not generally require the use of a
calculator.
Sketch Represent by means of a diagram of graph (labelled as appropriate).
The sketch should give a general idea of the required shape or relationship,
and should include relevant features.
Write down Obtain the answer(s), usually by extracting information. Little to no
calculation is required. Working does not need to be shown.

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1 Functions
1.1 Quadratic polynomials and equations
1-6. Factor each expression completely.

1. x2 x 2 2. x2 + 3x 4 3. 16x2 81y 2

4. 3x2 5x + 2 5. 2x2 x 6 6. x3 3x2 18x

7-12. Solve each equation by using any method (factoring, completing the square, or the quadratic
formula). You may not solve by graphing or by guess-and-check. Give exact answers as solutions.
12
7. x2 + 25 = 10x 8. x2 + 3x 1=0 9. x + =7
x
10. x2 + 2 = 9 11. x2 5x = 0 12. 36x2 35 = 0

1.2 Quadratic functions

13-15. For each of the following, state the axis of symmetry, vertex, concavity, x-intercept(s), and
y-intercept(s). Then, sketch the graph of each function, clearly labeling the intercepts and vertex.
1
13. y = 2(x + 2)(x 1) 14. y = (x 2)2 4 15. y = 2x2 + 6x 3
2

16-20. Use your graphing calculator1 for the following questions. Round all approximations to
three significant figures.

16. Find the roots of 3x2 x 5 = 0.

17. Find the minimum value of f (x) = 2x2 5x + 1.

18. Find the maximum value of g(x) = 3x2 + x 3.

19. Find the points of intersection of y1 = 3 5x x2 and y2 = x2 + 3x + 11.

20. Find the points of intersection of y1 = x2 + 3x 1 and y2 = 5 x.

1
IB will refer to your graphing calculator as a graphic display calculator, or GDC.

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1.3 Domain and range
21-26. State the domain and range of each function without the use of a calculator. Express your
answers using interval notation. If there is not a point clearly marking the end of the curve, assume
that the curve continues infinitely in that direction.

21. 22. 23.

p x+4
24. f (x) = x 4 25. g(x) = 5x 3x2 26. y =
x 2

1.4 Operations between functions

27-32. Let f (x) = 2x2 1, g(x) = 3x, h(x) = 5 x. Find each of the following.

27. f ( 3) 28. (f g)(x) 29. (h f )(x)

30. (f h)(x + 1) 31. (g h)(4) 32. (f f )( 1).

33-36. Find the inverse of each of the following.

x3
33. f (x) = 2x + 1 34. f (x) =
3

5 p
35. g(x) = 36. g(x) = 1 + 4 x
x 2

37. If the point (2, 7) is on the graph of f (x), what point must lie on the graph of f 1 (x)?

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1.5 Linear functions
38. Write down the slope, x-intercept, and y-intercept of the equation 5x 4y = 8.

39. Determine the equation of the line in slope-intercept form that passes through the points
(4, 3) and (7, 2).

40. Determine the equation of the line that passes through the point (4, 7) and is perpendicular
to the line y = 2x + 9.

1.6 Rational functions

41-43. Find the equations of the horizontal and vertical asymptotes of each of the following.

1 x2 5 x2 + 2x 3
41. y = 42. y = 43. y =
2x 5 2x2 12 x3 + 6x2 7x

1.7 Parent functions and basic transformations

44-48. Graph the parent function f and the transformation g on the same set of axes for each pair
of functions. Label all key features of g (maxima, minima, intercepts).
( ( (
f (x) = x f (x) = x2 f (x) = x3
44. 45. 46.
g(x) = 3x 4 g(x) = x2 5 g(x) = x3 + 1

( p (
f (x) = x f (x) = |x|
47. p 48.
g(x) = x + 6 g(x) = |x 1| + 3

2 Number and algebra

2.1 Solving equations
49-53. Solve for x. Eliminate any extraneous solutions, if necessary.
p x 5 3
49. 37 3x = x 3 50. 3(2x + 1)3 = 192 51. =
3 2 x

4x 1
52. =x 1 53. 2|3x 1| + 5 = 2x + 8
x+1

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2.2 Solving inequalities
54-57. Solve each inequality. Express your answers in interval notation.

54. 5(x 3)  8(x + 5) 55. 3(6x 1) > 18 3x

56 26 + m 5( 6 + 3m) 57. 2(1 5x) > (x + 1) 1

2.3 Solving systems of equations

58-61. Solve algebraically (without a graphing calculator).
( (
3x + 7y = 36 6x + 10y = 32
58. 59.
x = 5y 10 4x 2y = 4

( (
x = y2 x2 + y 2 = 25
60. 61.
x y=6 y = x2 13

62. On a graph, where does the solution(s) to a system of equations lie?

2.4 Simplifying expressions

63-68. Simplify each radical expression, rationalizing the denominator where necessary. Provide
exact answers.
p 3 1
63. 72 64. p 65. p
5 x

1 1 p
66. p 67. p 68. 48x6
1+ 3 x 2

69-71. Simplify without the use of a calculator.

69. 82/3 70. 81 3/4 71. (9x2 )1/2

72-77. Simplify completely, leaving only positive exponents in your answer.

3x2 y 3
72. (x2 y)4 73. 74. (5x2 y)(2x4 y 3)
12x6 y 3
⇣ 4x5 y ⌘3 2x4 y 4
75. 76. 77. (2x3 y 3 )2
16xy 4 8x7 y 3

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3 Geometry and Trigonometry
3.1 Right triangle trigonometry
78-83. Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the missing side of the right triangle. Then, find the
exact value of the indicated trigonometric ratio.

78. sin ✓ 79. cos ✓ 80. tan ✓

81. sin ✓ 82. cos ✓ 83. tan ✓

84-85. Use a trigonometric ratio to find the measure of the indicated side. Round your answers
to three significant figures.

84. 85.