ANALYSIS OF VIERENDEEL TRUSSES 1WITH

PARALLEL CHORDS BY CARRY-OVER

JOINT MOMENTS

By

SAMUEL THEOPHILUS
'I

Bachelor of Science

Government College of Engineering

Bangalore, India

1950

Submitted to the faculty of the Gradu;a.te School of

the Okla:hom;a $tate University
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for ·th·e degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
May# 1961
 OKLAHOMA
STATE UN IVERSITY
LIBRARY

OCT 11 1961

ANALYSIS-' OF VIERENDEEL TRUSSES WITH

PARALLEL CHORDS BY CARRY-OVER

JOINT MOMENTS

Dean of the Graduate School

4728'1 3
ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The writer, in completing the final phase of his graduate work,

wishes to -express his gratitude to the following persons1

To Professor Jan J. Tuma, who acted a ·s his major adviser

and pt'ovided him with a Graduate Assistantship which -helped him to

complete his graduate study.

·· To his instructor, Mr. James W. Gillespie, who showed him

the application of the joint moment carry-over theory to the Vierendeel

Tr-qss and for his guidance and friendship throughout his period of

graduate study~

To his wife, Susan Cherian, for her patience and encouragement

from his far native country, India.

The following deserve special mention: Dr. K. S. Havner and

Mr. Fred N. Gauger under whom he worked as a Graduate Assistant;

Professor James V. Parcher, Professor A. A. Orr, Professor R. E.

Means, and Mr. T. Lassley, who were also his teachers during his

graduate study.

Mrs.: Judy Sadlef, who typed the completed manuscript, and

Mr. Miller E. Gerardy, who prepared the final sketches, also deserve

special recognition.

S. T.

iii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Page

I. INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

II. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM • . . • • . . • . • . . • 4

III. DERN ATION OF THE SIX SLOPE EQUATION. . • • • 6

N. DEJRN A TION OF THE SIX JOINT MOMENT

EQUATION . . . .--. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

V. ILLUST RA TIV E EX AMP LES • . . . . . • . • • . . • . • • 19

Example No. 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Example No. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

VI. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION . • • . • • . . . • • • . • • 66

A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY • . . . . . . . . • • . • • • • . . . • 68

iv
 LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

5-1 Carry-Over Table - Case I (Example 1) .. . 31

5-2 Carry-Over Table • Case II (Example 1) .• 45

5-3 Superposition of Cases I~ II •.. .. 52

5-4 Carry- Over Table (Example 2) .. . 61

V
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1-1 Typical Vierendeel Trusses . . . • . . . • . . 3

2-1 Vierendeel Truss Loaded with A General

System of Loads. . . . . . . . . . • , . 4

3-1 A Typical Segment of A Vierendeel . .. 6

3-2 Vertical Shears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 8

4-1 Physical Interpretation of Starting Moment m*. • • 14

J
4-2 Physical Interpretation of Joint Moment Carry-
Over Factor r * .. . 14
lJ
4-3 Carry-Over Pattern . 15

5-1 A Five Panel Vierendeel Truss with Given

System of Loading (Example 1) 4 • • • .. 19

5-2 Loaded Truss - Case I •. , 20

5-3 Basic Structur~ - Case I . , ~ . . . .. 20

Carry-Over Procedure (Exa:rpple 1, Case 1). 31

5-5 Loaded Truss . . . Case II . . . 37

5-6 Basic Structure - Case II 37

5-7 Carry-Over Pattern - Case II •• 45

5-8 A Four Panel Vierendeel Truss • ' . . . •• . .53

5-9 Basic Structure . . . . . . 53

5-10 Carry-Over Pattern • .•. 61

vi
 NOMENCLATURE

Lj . . • • • • . • Length of Panel ij.

h •... . Height of Truss.

Oj • . . . . . . . Slope of Truss Member at Joint j.

A. .•••••••• Relative Displacement Between Joints i and j.

J
A.
.. • =.J.
L.
J
.•• End Shear of the Simple Beam jk at j •

. . . End Shear of Member jk at j .

V. • •. . . . Truss Shear at j.
J

Mjk .. . End Moment of Member jlc at j.

cjk . Carry-Over Factor of Member jk from j to k,

Kjk . Stiffness Factor of Membtr jk.

~f:Jjk ..• Kjk (1 - Cjk)

K Iii . Kjk (1 + Cjk)

jk.

K* jk •.• Modified Stiffness Factor of Member jk.

~ . . • . . . Cjk Kjk = Carry-Over Stiffness Factor of Member jk,

CK* jk • Modified Carry-Over Stiffness Factor of Member jk.

K*.k
D* jk . . • . . • ~ . = New Distributi-en Factor
J

vii
CD* jlt. -• -•· . .. New Carry-Over Distribution Factor.

~ * . ·•...... . • Joint Moment Carry-Over Factor from j to k.

jk

FMjk. . Fixed End Moment of Member jk at j.

//

FM* jk. . Modified Fixed End Moment of Member jk.

m* .. • Starting Joint Moment at j.

J
JM*. . Joint Moment at j.
J
. Displacement Distribution Factor .

w •. . Intensity of Load.

. Displacement Stiffness Factor for Member jk.

viii
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A Vierendeel Truss is a frame composed of a series of rectangu-

lar or trapezoidal panels without diagonal members (Fig. 1-1 g., b, c }.

The end connections of all members are rigid and are designed to re-

sist bending. Vierendeel Trusses are used for highway bridges, rail-

way bridges, steel frame towers, and steel building frames.

The Vierendeel Truss was invented by Professor Arthur Vierendeel

of Belgium, in 18913, He used this type of truss for the steel steeple

of a church in Flanders, Belgium. (2 }. Recently, the Vierendeel Truss

has been used more frequently in the United States. In 1936, eight

bridges of the Vierendeel Truss type were constructed in Los Angeles

alone. (2 }.

The analysis of a Vierendeel Truss by the method of slope de-

flection or moment distribution becomes quite tedious and laborious

when the number of unknowns becomes large. In such cases, the method

of carry-over joint' moments might have some advantages. The general

(

carry-over philosophy is the outgrowth of extensive research being done

at Oklahoma State University under the direction of Professor Jan J.

Tu~a (4, 5, 6). Professor Tuma has applied the carry-over method

to the analysis of continuous beams. (4). The metho_d of carry-over

joint moments has been applied to the analysis of continuous rigid frames

with joint translation prevented by Gregory (5 ). Sturm has extended the

1
 2

carry-over joint moment method of analysis to tnulti-story rigid

frames . (6 ).

The carry.-over joint moment method of analyzing Vierendeel

Trusses is developed and applied in this thesis. Advantages and disad-

vantages of this method of analysis are noted.

The sign convention of the slope deflection method is adopted.

All deformations are assumed to be small and elastic. Deformations

due to normal and shearing forces are neglected.

 3

'

--
,,#-
(a)

- -
~~ t;f,tr
(b)

(c)
Fig. 1-1
Typical Vierendeel Trusses
 CHAPTER II

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

A Vierendeel Truss with parallel top and bottom chords is con-

sidered (Fig. 2- 1 ). The truss is loaded by a general system of loads

on the top and bottom chords. Relative horizontal displacement of the

top and bottom chords is prevented.

i j k 1

., ., k' 11
----f
rl>---L----'tj- --rJ_L--k- --f-L'1
~~~~~~~~~-F-i-g-.-~---1~~~~~~~~~-~
Vierendeel Truss Loaded With A
General System of Loads

A general procedure for the analysis of Vierendeel Trusses with

parallel chords is derived. A typical intermediate portion of a truss is

considered. A six slope equation is derived from the general slope

deflection equations for end moments by eliminating the vertical dis~

placements using the conditions of joint equilibrium and shear equili-

l:>rium.
4
 5

The six slope equation is converted into a six joint moment equa-

tion, and the final end moments are expressed in terms of joint moments.

These new joint moment equations involve the use of new con-

stants; the new constants are joint moments, new stiffness factors, new

carry-over factors, and starting joint moments. These new constants

are defined and interpretated physically.

 CHAPTER III

DERIVATION OF THE SIX SLOPE EQUATION

A typical segment of a Vierendeel Truss subjected to a general

system of vertical loads is shown (Fig. 3-1 ).

M ..
lJ
h

Mi 'J. ~ i,
1zc:==1=====L======.======t!.!::=:=j
r~ - - ~J;t----- - - -- - - - -- ---"-"--- - - -
rl j,
, ====L====k=========rkt' k!
Mk 'j,
(~)

General Loading

(b)
Relative Displacement of Joi nts
Fig. 3- 1
Typical Segment of a Vierendeel Truss

Since all deformations are assumed to be small,

A.
1./J.
J
= _j_
L.
, J
6
 7

The general slope deflection equations for end moments at joints

j and j' are

Joint j:

M.. = K.. e. + CK.. e.1 - s..J 1 i/JJ. + FM ..

Jl J1 J lJ J1

(3-1)

M .. ' = K .. ,e.J + CK. ' . e.

JJ JJ .J J J
Joint j':

M.,.,. = K . ,.,
Jl · Jl
e.,J + CK.,.,
lJ
e.,1 s.,., i/J., + FM.,.,
Jl J Jl

(3-2)

M . ,. = K., . e., + CK .. , e.
J J J J J JJ J
From the condition of equilibrium of moments at each joint, two

equations are written:

EM. = 0, M .. + M.k + M .. , = 0
J Jl J JJ

Substituting the values from Eq 's (3-1) and simplifying1

EK. e. + CK . . e. + CKk . ek + CK.,J J. e., - sJ..1 i/J.J

J J lJ 1 J J

- S.k l/Jk + FM.k + FM .. = 0 (3- 3)

J J Jl

EM.,= 0, M . ,.,+M.,k 1 +M. 1 • = O

J Jl J JJ
Substituting the values from Eq 's (3-2) and simplifying 1

EK.,
J
e.,J + CK., . 1 e., + CKk'''
1J 1 . J
ek, + CK .. , e.
JJ J
- s.,.,
J1
i/J.,
J

- s.J 'k' l/Jk, +FM.,., + FM. 'k' = 0 (3-4)

J 1 J
 8

'~ -
~ Tk l I I
1

'
li l 1!
I ~LIII.r
v ..
Jl vkj 1
II-
Ji'
~
L.
J :! v J.,.,
1
J~Lk
(a)
!
vk'j'
~r;_~ r
Cross Sectional Shears

v.
v 1. J

(b)
Truss Shear
Fig. 3- 2
Vertical Shears

Applying the condition of equilibrium of vertical forces at joints j

and j' (Fig. 3-2), the following shear equation can be written:

V . . +V.,., +V . = 0,
Jl J 1 J

hut
M .. +M . .
V .. = BV .. + _ J1 lJ .
Jl Jl L.
J

and
M.,., +M . ,.,
V . ,., =BV . ,., + Jl L lJ
J1 J 1 j
 9

so,

M .. + M.. M.,., + M.,.,

Jl L
.
lJ + J 1 L 1 J + BV.,. I + BV .. + V.
. J 1 Jl J
= 0
J J
or
M .. + M .. + M.,. , + M. , . , + L. (BV . 1 • 1 + BV .. + V.) = 0
J1 lJ J 1 1J J J 1 J1 J

Substituting the values of M .. , M .. , M., ... M.,., from the slope

Jl lJ J 1 1J
deflection Eq's (3-1, 3-2), simplifying, and solving for!/; ., !/;.,:
J J
e.J (K .. +CK .. )+
Jl J1
e.1 (K .. +CK .. )+ e., (K.,., +CK.,.,)+ e., (K.,., + CK.,.,)
lJ lJ J J 1 J 1 1 1J 1J

+ FM .. + FM .. + FM. I' I + FM. I. I + L . (BV. I. I + BV .. + V.)

J1 lJ J 1 1J J J 1 J1 · J

= i/J. (S .. + s .. + s. I' I + s. I. I)
J Jl lJ J 1 1J

Jl lJ J1
1.
i/J.J = (S •• + s ' · + • I' t + s· • I·. t )
1J
[ e.J K" 'J..1 + e.1 K II' lJ.. + e.,J K II'.,.'
J 1
+

+ e. , K'' '. , . , + FM .. + FM .. + FM. , . , + FM. , . , + L. · (BV .. + BV.,. , + v.)

1 1J J1 lJ 1J J 1 J J1 J 1 J
J
= i/J.'
J
The equilibrium of vertical forces at section k yield the equatiori"

but,

and
Mk'''+ M.,k,
=BV + J J
k'j' Lk

so,
Mk.+ M.k Mk'''+ M.,k,
J J + J J + BV +BV +V
Lk Lk kj k Ij I k =0

o·r
 10

Substituting the values of Mkj' Mjk' Mk'j' and Mj'k' from the

slope deflection Eq 's (3-1, 3-2), simplyfying, and solving for rj;k' rf;k,:

ek (Kkj + CKkj) + ej (Kjk + CKjk) + ek, (Kk'j' + CKk'j')

+ e.,J (K.,k, + CK.,k,) + FMk . + FM.k + FMk 1 ., + FM.'k' +

J J J J J J

So,

cj;k = (S +S 1+s +S ) [ ekK 111 kJ.+eJ. K"'J·k+ek,K 111 k'J"'

kj jk k'j' j'k'

+ ej, k'"j'k' + FMkj + FMjk + FMk'j' + FMj'k' + Lk (BVkj + BVk'j' + Vk) J

Let
s ..1
(S .. + s lJ
.. + s.J '.' + s.'. I)
= D' . .
Jl
Jl 1 1 J

And

where D' .. and D'k · are designated a s displacement distribution factors.

Jl J
Substituting the values of cj;j' cj; j ,, cj;k' cj;k'' into the Eq 's (3-3, 3-4):

From Eq's (3-3)

r:K.
J
e.J + CKlJ.. e.l + CKk .
J
ek + CK . , .
J J
e.,J - D' .. [
J1
e.J K"'··J1 + e.1 K"' lJ· .
+ e.,
J
K"'.,.,
J 1
+ e.,
1
K"'.,.,
1 J
+FM .. + FM .. + FM . ,.,+ FlVI11·1 + L. (BV ..
J1 lJ J 1 J J J1

+ BV.,.,
Jl
+ V . )J- D'.k
J J
[ek K"'k · +
J
e.J K"' J·k + ek, K"'k' "' +
J
e.,J K'"·'k'
J

+ FMkj + FMjk + FMk'j' + FMj'k' + Lk (BVkj + BVk'j' + Vk) J+ BFMj = 0

Rearranging:

e.J (BK . - D' .. K"' · · - D'.k K"' .k) +

J Jl Jl J J
e.1 (CK .. - D' .. K"'· .) +
lJ Jl lJ
ek (Cl\k.
J

- D'.k K"'k.) +
J J
e.,
J
(CK.,.
J J
- D' .. K''' . ,., - D'.k K"' . ,k,) + e.t(-D' .. K 1 " . , . , )
Jl J 1 J J 1 Jl 1 J
 11
+ Bk' (-D'.k K"'k 1 . , ) - D' .. [FM .. + FM .. + FM.,.,+ FM.,.,
· J J J1 Jl lJ J 1 1J

+ L. (BV .. + BV.,., + V.)]- D'.k [FMk . + FM.k + FMk 1 ., + FM.,k,

J Jl J1 J J J J J J

+ Lk(BVkj + BVk'j' + Vk)] + EFMj = O (3-5)

From Eq 's (3-4)

EK., e., + CK.,., e., + CKk 1 ., ek, + CK .. , e. - D'.,., [ e. K"'·· +

J J 1J 1 J JJ J J 1 J J1
e. K"'·· + e.,K"' ... . , + e., K"' . ,., +FM .. + FM . . + FM.,.,+ FM.,.,
1 lJ J J '1 1 1J J1 lJ J1 1J

+ L . (BV .. + BV.,., +v.)1- D'. 'k' [

J Jl J 1 J~ J
ek K'''k· + e.K''' ·k +
J J J
ek, K"'k'"'
J

+ ej 1K"'j'k' + FMkj + FMjk + FMk'j' + FMj'k' + Lk (BVkj + BVk'j' +Vk)J

+ EFM., = 0
J

Rearranging:

+ ek, (CKk'"' - D'.'k' K"'k,.,) +

J J J
e.J (CK .. , - D'., . , K"'.k)
JJ J 1 J
+ e.1 (-D'., . , K"' . . ) +
J1 lJ
ek (-D'.'k' K"'k.) -D'., . , [FM . . + FM ..
J J J 1 lJ J1

+FM . ,.,+ FM.,.,+ L. (BV .. +BV.,., +V.)] - D'.'k' [FM.k (3- 6)

J 1 1J J Jl J 1 J J J
+ FMkj + FMk'j' + FMj'k' + Lk (BVkj + BVk'j' + vkD+ EFMj, = 0

Rewriting these equations in terms of modified stiffness factors

and modified carry-over stiffness factors, Eq. (3-5) becomes

EK*. e. + CK* . . e. + CK*k. ek + CK*.,. e., + CK*., . e.,

J J lJ 1 J JJ J 1J 1

+ CK*k'j ek, + ESM* j = 0 (3-7)

Eq. (3-6) becomes

EK*.,
J
e.,
J
+ CK*.,.,
1J
e.,
1
+ CK*k ' "'
J
ek, + CK* . . ,
. ' JJ
e.J + CK* .. ,
lJ
e.1

+ CK*kj' ek + ESM*j, = O (3-8)

 12

Eq's (3-7 and 3-8) are called six slope equations which contain

redundant slopes 8's. EK*. and EK*., are called modified joint stiff-
. J J
ness factors and CK*ij' CK*k(-----are called modified carry-over

stiffness factors.
 CHAPTER IV

DERIVATION OF THE SIX JOINT MOMENT EQUATION

The following new terms are introduced and defined by the accom-

panying equation.

a . ) Joint Moment JM*. = EK* . e.

J J J
CK* . .
b. ) Joint Moment Carry-Over Factor 'Y *.. = lJ
lJ t:K*.1

c. ) Starting Moment m *. = - ESM* .

J J
Substituting the new equivalents into Eq 's (3-7. 3-8) and solving

for JM. and JM. ,, the following joint moment equations are obtained.
J J
JM* .
J
= -y* .. JM*. + -y*k . JM*k + -y* ' I ' JM* . , + -y* ., . JM* .,
lJ 1 J J J J 1 J 1

+y* k'j JM*k, + m* j ( 4-1)

JM*.,
J
= -y*.,.,JM*.,+-y*k'J.,JM*k,+ -y* .. ,JM*.+ -y* .. ,JM*.
1 J 1 J,J J lJ 1

( 4-2)

Where,

Joint Moments

EK* . 8. = JM* . EK*., e., = JM* . ,

J J J J J J
Joint Moment Carry-Over Factors

CK* . . CK*-i-
lJ = ~ J
'Y * ij EK*. 'Y * kj = 'Y *. ,.
J J IK . I
1 J

13
 14
CK*., . CK*k'j
,, *.I' = 1 J
J EK*., y*k'j =
1
1 EK* k'

Starting Moments

m* . ESM* . m * ., ESM*.,
J J J J

The physical interpretation and definitions of the joint moment

carry-over factor and the starting moment follows.

Starting Moment - m *.
- J-
____,.~-
i
k

Fig. 4-1
Physical Interpretation of
Starting Moment m * .
J
In Eq. (4-1 ), if the joints i, k, i', j 1 , and k' are fixed against

rotation but free to translate, the equation reduces to JM*. = m* ..

J J
Hence, the starting moment m*. may be explained physically as the joint
J
moment at j due to load s if all the adjacent joint s are fixed against ro-

tation but free to translate .

Joint Moment Carry-Over Factor

i k
JM*. = 1
1

=,,* lJ..
. I

Fig. 4-2
Physical Interpretation of Joint Moment
Carry-Over Factor y * . .
lJ
 15

In Eq. (4-1), if the joints i', j', k', k are fixed against rotation

but free to translate, and if no loads exist on the structure, the equation

reduces to JM* . = 'Y

J
*lJ.. JM* ..
1

If JM * .
1
= 1, JM * .
J
= 'Y * ~.
..
Hence, the joint moment carry-over factor 'Y * lJ.. may be explained

physically as the joint moment developed at j due to application of unit

joint moment at i, if the joints i ', j ', k ', and k are fixed against rota-

tion but free to translate.

The carry-over pattern is illustrated for typical joints j and j'

(Fig. 4- 3 ). The joint moment at a ny joint is influenced by the joint

moments at the five adjacent joints as evidenced from Eq 1s (4-1~ 4-2)

and Fig. 4-3.

i j
-
'Y * k J' k

i' - - - -- e,,-. j' k·----i:a-,....

'Y *.1 '.'
J
Fig. 4-3
Carry-Over Pattern

End moment equations are derived in terms of the new equi-

valents. The slopes 8 1s and rf;'s are eliminated from the general slope

qeflection equations for end moments (Eq 's 3- 1, 3-2 ). The final end
 16
moment equations in terms of joint moments, new distribution factors,

ne w carry-over distribution factors, and modified fixed end moments

are expressed as Eq's (4-6, 4-7) . The elimination of the slopes is

shown as intermediate steps (Eq 's 4- 3, 4-4, 4- 5 }.

Final End Moment Equation s :

M .. = K ..
Jl Jl
e. +CK . . e.
J lJ 1
sJl.. if;. + FM ..
J Jl

= K ..
Jl
e.J +CK l. J. e.1 D' ..
Jl
[e.J K " ' Jl.. + e. K"' lJ.. + e.,K"'.,
1 J J
., + e.,K"' .,.,
1 J 1 1

+ FM .. + FM . . + FM., . , + FM. , . , + L . (BV . . + BV . , . , + V.}

Jl lJ J1 1 J J J1 J 1 J
J+ FM J.. 1

= e.J (KJl.. - D' .. K"' .. ) +

Jl Jl
e.1 (CK lJ.. - D' .. K"' .. ) +
Jl lJ
e.,J (-D' .. K"'., . ,)
Jl J 1

+ e.,1 (-D' .. K"'.,.,) - D' .. [FM ..

J1 1 J J1 J1
+ FM .. + FM . ,.,+ FM., . ,
lJ J 1 1 J

+ L . (BV.. + BV . I. ' + V . )
J Jl J 1 J
J + FM Jl..
JM*. JM*.
= J
EK* . (K .. - D' . . K' ' ' .. ) + EK* 1 (CK . . - D' . . K' " . . )
J J1 J1 J1 i lJ J1 lJ

JM * . ' ( - D' . . KI ' ' . ' . ' ) JM * . I ( - D' . . K' ' ' . ' . ' )
J Jl J 1 + 1 Jl 1 J
+ EK* EK*
j' i'

- D' . . [ FM . . + FM . . + FM . , . , + FM . , . , + L. (BV .. + BV. 1 • , + V . )

J1 J1 lJ J 1 1 J J J1 J 1 J
J
+ FM .. ( 4 - 3)
Jl

Similarly#

JM*. JM*
M 'k - EK* J. (KJ.k - D' 'k K''' 'k ) + EK* k (CKkj - D' jk K''' kj )
J J J J k

JM* . , JM*
J ( D I K"'
+ EK* ., - J.k J' 'k' )+
EK* k'
k'
( - D' 'k K'" k 1 • 1 )
J J
J

- D'jk [ FMjk + FMkj + FMj'k' + FMk'j' + Lk (BVk j + BVk'j' + V k ) J

(4-4)
 17
JM*. JM* . ,
M .. , = EK*.J K . . , + EK* J CK . , . ( 4- 5)
JJ JJ
J J. ' J J

The ne w final end moment equations are

Joint j

M .. = D* . . JM*. + CD* .. JM*. + CD:J~~? JM*., + CD*., . JM* . ,

Jl Jl J lJ 1 J J J 1J 1

+ FM* . .
Jl

= D*.kJM*. +CD*k . JM*k+ CD*(_j,~)JM*., + CD*k 1 .JM*k,

J J J JJ J J

+ FM* jk ( 4-6)

M .. , = D* .. ,JM* . + CD.,. JM*.,

JJ JJ J JJ J

Joint j'

M . ,., = D*.,., JM*., +CD*.,., JM*., +CD* .. , JM*. +CD*q',i'trM*.

J1 J 1 J 1J 1 lJ 1 JJ J
+FM* . ,.,
J 1

= D* . ,k, JM* . , + CD*k 1 . , JM*k, + CD*k . , JM*k + CD,i(~'~'trM* .

J J J J JJ J

+ FM* j'k' (4-7)

M .,. = D* . , . JM* ., + CD .. , JM*.

JJ J J J JJ J

The new symbols in the equations are:

New Distribution Factor

K . . - D' . . K"' · · K* . .
D* . . = Jl Jl Jl 1
Jl (EK . - D' K"' - D 1 K"' ) = E K~ .
J ji ji jk jk J
New Carry-Over Distribution Factors

CK . . - D' . . K"'·.
CD~ . = lJ J1 lJ
lJ EK* .
1
 18

(ji) -D' .. K"'·1·1

CD* . ,. = J1 J1
J J EK*.,
J

(j.k)
-D' K"'
CD*.,. = J'k ' J''k'
JJ EK*.,
J
CK.,.
CD. 1. = JJ
JJ EK* . ,
J
-D' .. K'"·1·1
CD*. 1. ::: Jl 1J
1J EK*. 1
1

Modified Fixed End Moment

FM* "
J1
= - DI " [
J1 _
FM .. + FM .. + FM. I . I + FM. I . I
J1 lJ J 1 1J

+ L. (BV .. + BV. I. I + V. )] + FM"

J Jl J1 J ' Jl
 CHAPTER V

ILLUSTRATNE EXAMPLES

The application of the carry-over joint moment procedure to the

analysis of Vierendeel Frames is illustrated by two numerical examples.

Example No. 1: A symmetrical five panel Vierendeel Truss with

parallel top and bottom chords loaded as shown is analyzed (Fig. 5.-1 ).

EI is constant for all members.

Since the structure is symmetrical, it will be advantageous to consider

two cases in the analysis:

Case I - Symmetrical Loading (Fig. 5-2 ).

Case II - Antisymmetric al Loading (Fig. 5-5 ).

The results from the analysis of Cases I and II will be superim-

posed to obtain the final results.

19
 20

1 2 3 4 5 6
~
I
I a'
I

o·
11
w = .lk/ft.l

10 9 8
71
t 10'
RA= 2 . 5k
~ 10'
t- 10'
f 10'
t 10'
+~ = 2. 5 k

Fig. 5-2
Loaded Truss - Case I
1 2 3
- ~- I
8' Fig. 5-3
w = . 1 k;ft Basic Structure - Case I
0 - -~ ~- -J--- - ~--- - ·
10 ~,

t---5~
The original structure is loaded by a uniformly distributed load

(Fig. 5-2 ). The structure and loading are symmetrical; thus, the result-

ing deformation is symmetrical with respect to the center line. Since

the deformations on the left are symmetrical with the corresponding

deformation s on the right, only the left portion will be considered. This

is done by imagining the structure to be cut through the center, and

these cut ends to be placed in guides permitting vertical translation,

but not rotation (Fig. 5- 3 ).

This involves change in the modification of stiffne s s factors of

members 34 and (10) 9 from K 34 , K(lO)g to K 1 ; 34 , K"(lo)g'

 21

1. ) Deformations

-'\ = - e6 eo = - e7

()2 = - e5 e(11) = - e8
()3 = - e4 e(1 o) = - e9

Al = Ao = A6 = A7 = 0

A2 = A(ll) = A5 = A8

A3 = A(lO) = A4 = Ag

2. ) Stiffness Factors {El constant)

K12 = K21 = K23 = K32 = K34 = KO(l 1) = K( 11 )0 = K(ll)(lO)

4EI 4EI
= K(lO)(ll) = K(10)9 = ---r- = To =. 4EI

KOl = KlO = K2(11) = K(11)2 = K3(10) = K(10)3

4EI 4EI
= 11 = -8-

= .5EI

= 4CI (1 -. 5) =
2 10
1 4EI

= . 2EI

3. ) Carry-Over Factors

All carry-over factors - + . 5, since EI = constant.

4. ) Fixed End Moments

FMO(ll) = FM(ll)(lO) = FM(10)9

=- ~~2 = - (. l1)Jl0)2 =- .833 k-ft.

 22
wL 2
FM(ll)O = FM(lO)(ll) = FM(9)( 10) = +~

(.1)(10) 2
= 12 = + . 8 3 3: k-ft.

5. ) Displacement Distribution Factors

s -6EI
D' 12 = . 25 Since S =
12
=
S12 + S21 + S09 + S90 r-
Since EI and L are constants

D'21 = D'23 = D'32 = D'o(ll) = D'(ll)O = D'(ll)(lO) = D'(lo)(ll)

= . 25

6. ) Modified Stiffness Factors

~K* 1 = r:K 1 -D 1 12 K 111 12 = ((.4+.5)-.25(.6})EI

= (.9 -.15) EI = .75 EI

r:K;*
0 = r:Ko - D'o(ll) K"'(ll)O= (( .4 +.5) - .25 (.6)) EI

= . 75 EI

r:K*
2

= ((.4+.4+.5)-.25(.6)-.25(.6)) EI

= ( 1 . 3 - . 15 - . 15) EI = 1 EI

r: K *(11 ) = tK 11 - D 1 (11 )0 K 1 11 11 ( 0) - D 1(11 ).( 1 0 ) K 11 1(11 )( 1 0)

= ( ( .4 + . 4 + . 5) - . 2 5 (. 6) - . 2 5 (. 6) ) EI

= 1 EI

= ( (. 4 + . 2 + . 5) - . 2 5 (. 6)) EI
= (1.1 - .15) EI = .95 EI

r:K* (10) = r:K(lO) - D'(lO)(ll) K'"(lO)(ll)

= ( ( .4 + . 2 + . 5) - . 2 5 ( . 6) } EI

= . 95 EI
 23

7. ) Modified Carry-Over Stiffness Factors

CK* 12 = CK 12 - D 121 K 111 12 = ((.5)(.4) - (.25)(. 6)) EI

= (.2 - .15) EI = .05 EI

CK*21 = CK 21 - D 1 12 K 111 21 = .05 EI

Similarly, since EI and L are constants,

CK*23 = CK* 32 = CK* 0(11) = CK* (11)0 = CK* (11)(10)

= CK*(lO)(ll) = . 05 EI

CK* 10 = CK 10 - D'o(ll) K 111 12 = ((.5)(.5) - .25 (.6)) EI

=(. 25 - .15)EI~ 1 EI

CK* Ol =. 1 EI

CK*2(11) = CK2(11) - D(l~(lO) K'"23 - D'(ll)O K"'21 = (. 5 (.5)

- .25 (.6) - . 25 (. 6)) EI

= - . 05 EI

CK* (11)2 = CK11(2) - D'21 K"'(ll)O - D'23 K" 1 (11)(10)

= (. 5 (. 5) - . 2 5 (. 6) - . 2 5 (. 6) ) EI

= - . 05 EI

CK* 3(10) = CK3(10) - D'{-ttt}9 K' 1-1 34 - D'(lO)(ll) K"'32

= (. 5 (.5) - .25 (.6 ) ) EI

= . 1 EI

CK*(10)3 = .1 EI

CK* 1(11) = - D'(ll)O K'"12 = - . 2 5 (. 6) EI = 15 EI

Similarly,

CK* 02 = CK*20 = CK* (11)1 = CK* 2(10) = CK* (10)2

= CK* (1 l ) 3 = CK* 3 ( l1) = ~ . 15 EI

 24

8. ) Joint Moment Carry-Over Factors

CK* 12 . 05 EI
'Y * 12 = -
EK* = -
. 75 EI = - ,0667
1

CK* 10 .1 EI
'Y * 10 = EK* = . 75 EI = - .134
1

CK* 1(11) (- .15) EI

'Y * 1(11) = EK* 1 = -
.75 EI = + . 200

CK*21 . 05 EI
'Y * 21 = EK* 2 = 1 EI = - .050

CK* 23 .05 EI
'Y * 23 = EK* = 1 EI = - . 050
2

CK* 2(10) (- .15) EI

'Y * 2(10) = EK* 2 = - 1 EI = + . 150

CK*2(11) (-.05)EI
'Y * 2(11) = EK* = 1 EI = + . 050
2

CK*20 (- . 15) EI
'Y * 20 = EK* = -
1 EI = + . 15
2

CK* 01 .1 EI
'Y * 01 = EK* 0 = . 75 EI = - . 134

CK* 02 (- .15) EI
'Y * 02 = ' EK* = .75 EI = + .200
0

CK*O(ll) .05 EI
'Y * 0( 11) = - EK* = .75 EI = - . 0667
0

CK* ( 11)0 . 05 EI
'Y*(ll)O = = 1 EI = - . 050
EK*(ll)

CK* (11)1 (-.15EI)

'Y * (11)1 = = -
1 EI = + . 150
EK* (ll)

.{
 25

CK* (11)2 (- . 05} EI

'Y * ( 11 )2 = = 1 EI = + .. 050
EK*(ll)

CK* (11)3 (- . 15) EI

'Y * (11)3 = = 1 EI = + . 150
EK* (11)

CK* (11)(10) . 05 EI
'Y* (11)(10( = 1 EI
= - . 050
EK* (11)

CK* 32 . 05 EI
'Y * 32 = ..1:K* = . 95 EI = - . 053
3

CK* 3(11) (- . 15) EI

'Y * 3(11) = EK*
=
. 95 EI
= + . 158
3

CK* 3(10) . 1 EI
'Y * 3 (10) -- - EK*
=
. 95 EI
= - . 105
3

Similarly,

'Y *(10)3 = - . 105, 'Y *(.10)2 = + . 158, 'Y * (10)(11) = - . 053

9. ) New Distribution Factors

K12 - D'12 K"'12 ( . 4 - . 2 5 (. 6 ) ) EI

D* 12 = EK* = . . . 75 EI = .334
1

KlO . 5 EI
D*10 =
EK* 1 - ~EI = .667

K2 1 - D I2 1 K II I2 1 ( . 4 - . 2 5 (: 6 )) EI
D*21 = EK* 2 = 1 EI = .25

K2 3 - DI 2 3 K II I2 3 =(.4- .25(.6)} EI
D*23 = EK* = .25
2 1 EI

K2(11)
D*2(11) = EK* = 1.5 EI
EI = .5
2
 26

= = (. 4 - . 25 (. 6)) EI = •264
. 95 EI

K"32 . 2 EI
D* 34 = BK* 3
= . 95 EI
= . 211 = D*(l 0)9

= K3(10) = . 5 EI
= . 526
D* 3( 10) BK* 3 . 95 EI

D* 01 = KOl = . 5 EI
. 75 EI = '
667
BK*o

K - D' K"'
= 0(11) 0(11) 0(11) = (. 4 - . 15) EI = • 3 3 4
D* 0(11) . 75
BK* 0

K - D' K"'
= (11)0 (11)0 (11)0 = (. 4 - . 15) EI = .25
D* (11)0 BK* (ll) lEI

= K( 11 )2 _ . 5 EI =
D* (11 )2 BK* (ll) - · 1 EI ·5

K - D' K"'
( 11 )(,~O) (11 )( 10) (11 )( 10) = (. 4 - . 15 )EI = ,25
D* ( 11 )( 10( lEI
BK* (ll)

D* K(lO)(ll) - D'po4(ll) K"'po)(ll) = (. 4 - .15)EI = .264

(lO)(llt BK (lO) . 95 EI

= K(10)3 = •5 EI :: . 526
D* (10)3 BK* (iO) . 95 EI

10. ) New Carry-Over Distribution Factors

CK 12 - D' 21 K''' 12
= (. 2 - . 15) EI . 05
CD* 12 BK* . 75 EI = . 75 = . 066
1

D'
0(11)K" 12 = . 2 5 ~· 6) EI = _.2
CD* 10 BK* 1 . 5 EI

= CKlO = (. 5)(. 5) EI = . 25 = . 333

fK* 1 .75EI .75
 27
D'
(11)0 K'" 12 . 2 5 (. 6) EI = _ .2
CD*l(ll) = EK* 1 = . 75 . EI

D' K"' 0(11) =

CD* 01 = 12 . 2 5 (. 6) EI = _ .2
EK* 0 . 75 EI

CK01 . 25 EI :::
= + EK* O ::: . 7 5 EI . 333

DI K"'
CD* 02 = 21 0(11) = . 15 EI = _ .2
EK* O - . 75 EI

::: CKO(ll) - D' (11)0 K" 0(11)

1
= . 05 EI = . 066
CD*O(ll) EK* 0 . 75 EI

CK2 1 - D 1 12 K 111 21 = (.2-.15) EI

CD*21 = EK* 2 1 EI
= . 05

DI K"I
= O( 11) 21 . 15 EI = _ . 15
CD* 20 EK*
2
= - !EI

DI K'" D1 K"'
· ( 11 )0 21 (11)(10) 23 = . 15 EI
CD* 2(11) =
EK* = ~* 2 - - 1 EI
2 L...C's.

= . 15
CK2~11) .5(.5)EI
CD2(11) = + EK 2
=
1 EI = .25

D K" 1 . 15 EI
(10)(114 23 =
CD* 2(10) = EK 2 = 1 EI
- . 15

CK2 3 - D 1 32 K" 12 3 (. 2 - . 15) EI

CD*23 =
EK* 2 = 1 EI = . 05

CK32 - D 123 K" 1 32 (. 2 - . 15) EI

CD* 32 = EK* = . 95 EI = . 053
3

D1 K" 1 . 15 EI
(11)(10) 32
CD*3(11) = EK* = . 95 EI = - . 158
3
 28

D' K 111
= _ (11)(10) 32 . 15 EI
= - . 158
CD* 3(10) BK* 3 . 95 EI

= CK3(10) = •5 (. 5) EI = .264
CD3(10) BK* 3 • 95 EI

Similarly.,

CD* (11)0 = • 0 5, CD* ( l1 ) l = - • 15, CD* ( l1 )2 = - • 15

CD(11)2 = .25, CD*(ll) 3 = -.15, CD*(ll)(lO) = .05

CD* (lO)(ll) = . 053, CD* (l0) 2 = - • 158, CD* (l0) 3 = - • 158

•
CD(10)3 = . 264

11. ) §.tarting Moments

'. .. m * l = - BSM* l

= D'12 ~ + ~ 1 + FMO(ll) + FM(ll)O

+L(~+Bill)O + v 2 u - ~

= • 2 5 [ - . 8 3 3 + . 8 3 3 + 10(. 5 + 1. 5 )]

= 5

m*2 = D'21 k 1 + ~ 2 + FM(ll)O + FMO(ll)

+ L ( ~ 1 + B'( 11) 0 + V 2) J
+ D'23 ~ 3 + ~ 2 + FM(l~)(lO) + FM(lO)(ll)

+ L ( ~ + BV ( 10 )( 11) + V 3 )] - E ~

= .25[- .833+.833+10(2)]

+. 25 [ - . 833 +. 833 + 10 (. 5 +. 5)]

= 5+2.5 = 7.5
 29

m* 3 = + D'32 ~ 2 + ~ 3 + F~O)(ll) + F~l)(lO)

+ L ( ~ + B(l O)( 11) + V 3 J- ~

= • 25 [- . 833 +. 833 + 10 ( . 5 + . 5) J

= 2. 5

Similarly,

m*o = 5+.833 = 5.833, m*(ll) = 7.5, m*(lO) = 2.5

12. ) Modified Fixed End Moments

FM* 12 = - D' 12 [%i2 + ~ 1 FMO(ll) + FM(ll)O

+ L ( ~ 1 + BV ( 11 )0 + V 2)] + ~ 2

= .25(- .833+.833+10(.5+1.5))

= - 5

= - D'21 [ ~ + ~ ; ; + FMO(ll) + FM{ll)O

+ L (w;l + BV ( 11 )0 + V 2 )] + ~ 2

= . 25 (- . 833 +. 833 + 10 (. 5 + 1. 5))

= 5

FM*23 = - D'23 [ ~ 3 + ~ 2 + FM(ll )(10) FM (10)(11)

+ L ( ~-~ + BV (10)(11) + V 3)] + ~ 3

= - . 2 5 ( - . 8 3 3 + . 8 3 3 + 10 (. 5 + . 5 ))

= - 2. 5

Similarly FM* 32 = -2. 5

FM* 0(11) = - D'o(ll) ~ 2 + ~ + FMO(ll) + FM(ll)O

+ L lJ3V'i1 + BV(ll)O + V 2)]+ FMO(ll)

 30

IZ - • 25 ( - • 833 + • 833 + 10 (, 5 + 1. 5)) + (-, 833)

= - 5 - . 833 = - 5. 833

FM * (1l )O = - 5 + . 8 3 3 = - 4. 16 7

FM* (11)(10) = - D'(ll)(lO) ~ +~ 2 + FM(ll)(lO) + FM(lO)(ll)

+ L ~ + BV (10)(11) + V 3)] + FM(ll)(lO)

= - .25 ( - .833 + .833 + 10 (.5 + .5)) - .833

= - 2,5- .833 =- 3,333

FM* ( l O)( 1l) = - 2 . 5 + . 8 3 3 = - 1. 6 6 7

FM* 34 = 0

FM* (lO)g = FM(lO)g = - • 833

 31

13. Carry-Over Procedure

1 'Y * 12 2 'Y* 32 3

'Y* 0(1~ l1 - -y* (10)(11) O

Fig. 5-4
Carry-Over Procedure (Example 1, Case 1)

1 2 3 10 11 0

-y* 's - . 0667~ - .050~ - . 053~ - . 105 t - . 050-- - . 134 t

- . 134o-} + . 150~ + . 158/ + .158, + . 050 t + . 200/
+ . 2000\ + . 050 t - . 105 t + . 053 ~ - .150/ - . 066-+
+ .150/ - . 050~
- n!'ln~ + 1!'ln'-.
m* 's 5 7.5 2.5 2. 5 7.5 5.833

- . 3 7 50 - . 3335 - . 3750 +1. 12 50 +1. 0000 - . 6700

- . 1325 - . 2630 - . 2630 +. 3750 +1. 1250
+ .3950 +1. 1250 - . 3750 +. 3960 - . 3840
+ .3750 - . 1325
+1. 1250 +1. 6660 - .2750
- . 7820
- . 0320 +1. 4700 0.4870 + .4870 +1. 364 + .0710
- . 0735 + . 0021 - . 0735 + .2205 + .0032 - . 0042
+ .2046 - . 0258 - . 0511 - . 0511 + .0735 + .2205
- . 0095 + . 0769 + .2046 - . 0682 +. 0769 - . 0682
+ .0682 - . 0258
+ .0140 - . 0046
+. 1216 + .2054 + .080 . 1012 . 1230 . 1565

JM*' 5.0896 9. 1754 +3.0670 3. 0882 8.9870 6,0605

s
TABLE 5-1
Carry-Over Table - Case I (Example 1)
 32

The carry-over procedure is performed from Joints 1, 2, 3,

10, 11, 0 in sequence. The direction of arrows in the table should be

followed in the sketch. For example, the carry-over factor-. 667 - -

in the table under Joint (1 ), indicates the carry-over factor from 1 to

2 as followed from the sketch. Hence, for all the carry-over factors in

the table, the direction s shown in the table have to be referred to the

sketch.

14. ) Check of The Carry-Over Procedure

JM* l = 5 . 089 = ?

= m * 1 + 'Y * 01 JM* 0 + 'Y * ( 11 )1 JM* ( 11) + 'Y * 21 JM* 2

= 5 + (- .134) (6. 06) + (. 15) 8. 98 + (-. 05) 9.175

= 5 - .812 + 1.348 - . 4587

= 5. 08

JM*
2
= 9. 175 = ?

= m*2 + -y* 12 JM* 1 + -y* 02 JM* 0 + -y* (11)2 JM(ll)

+ 'Y* (10)2 JM* 10 + -y* 32 JM* 3

= 7. 5 + (- . 0667)(5. 089) + . 2 (6. 06) +. 05 (8. 996)

+. 158 (3. 088) + (- . 053) (3. 067)
= 7. 5 - . 339 + 1. 212 + . 449 + . 487 - . 163

= 9. 14

JM* 3 = 3. 067 = ?

= m*3 + 'Y*23 JM*2 + 'Y*(11)3 JM(llt 'Y*(10)3 JM*(lO)

= 2. 5 + (- . 05) (9. 175) + (. 15) (8. 996) + (- . 105) (3. 088)

= 2. 5 - . 458 + 1. 349 - . 324

= 3. 067
 33

Jl\ll*
0 = 6. 06 = ?

= m*o+-y*(l)OJM*1 +-y*20JM*2 +'Y'(ll)O JM(ll)

= 5. 883 + (- . 134) (5. 089) +. 15 (9. 175) + (-. 05) (8. 996)

= 5. 883 - . 681 + 1. 376 - . 449

= 6. 12

JM* (ll) = 8. 98 = ?

-m*
- (11) +'Y* 0(11) JM* 0 +'Y* 1(11) JM* 1 ·

+ 'Y * 2(11) JM* 2 + 'Y * 3(11) JM* 3 + 'Y * (10)(11 /M* (10)

= 7. 5 + (-. 066) (6. 06) +. 2 (5. 089) +. 05 (9.175)

+ (. 158) (3. 067) + (- . 053) (3. 088)

= 7. 5 - . 399 + 1. 017 + . 458 + . 4845 - . 163

= 8. 91

JM* (lO) = 3. 088 = ?

= m * 10 + 'Y * ( 11)(10) JM * ( 11) + 'Y * 2 ( 10) JM * 2

+ 'Y * 3 ( 1 0) JM * 3

= 2. 5 + (- . 05) (8. 996) +. 15 (9. 175) + (- . 105) (3. 067)

= 2 . 5 - . 449 + 1. 376 - . 322

= 3. 100

15. ) Final End Moments

M12 = D* 12 JM* 1 + CD* 21 JM* 2 + CD* (11)1 JM* (11)

+ CD* 01 JM* 0 + FM* 12

= . 334 (5. 089) +. 05 (9.175) - .15 (8. 996) - . 2 (6. 06) - 5

= 1. 699 + . 458 - 1. 35 - 1. 212 - 5 = - 5. 407

 34

MlO = D* 10 JM* 1 + CDOl JM* 0

= . 667 (5. 089) + . 333 (6. 06)

= 3. 3 94 + 2. 017

= + 5. 41

M21 = D* 21 JM* 2 + CD* 12 JM* 1 + CD* 02 JM* 0 .

+ CD* (11)2 JM* (11) + FM*21

= .25 (9.175) +. 066 (5. 089) - .2 (6. 06) - .15 (8. 996) - 5
= 2.29+.335- 1.212-1.35- 5

= - 4.93

M23 = D* 23 JM* 2 + CD* 32 JM* 3 + CD* (10)2 JM* (10)

+ CD* (11)2 JM* (11) + FM* 23

= . 25 (9. 175) +. 053 (3. 067) + (- . 158) (3. 088)

- . 15 (8. 996) - 2. 5

= 2. 2 9 + . 16 2 - . 48 7 - 1. 3 5 0 - 2 . 5

= - 1. 885

= D*2(11) JM*2 + CD(l1)2 JM*(ll)

= .5(9 .17 5 )+.25(8. 9 96)

= 4. 58 8 + 2. 24 9
= 6. 837

M32 = D* 32 JM * 3 + CD* 23 JM* 2 + CD* (11)3 JM* (11)

+ CD* (10)3 JM* (10) + FM* 32

= . 264 (3. 067) +. 05 (9. 175) - . 15 (8. 996) - . 158 (3. 088)
- 2. 5

= . 8 09 + . 458 - 1. 3 5 - . 48 7 - 2. 5

= - 3. 07
 35
--- ,./'
M34 = D* 34 JM* 3 + ~ ) 3 JM\10)+ ~

= . 211 (3. 067)

= . 647
= D* 3(10) JM* 3 + CD(10)3 JM* 10

= . 526 (3. 067) +. 264 (3 . 088)

= 1.613+.815

== 2 . 428

MOl = D* 01 JM* 0 + CDlO JM* 1

= • 667 (6. 06) +. 333 (5. 089)

= 4. 04 ~- 1. 694

= 5. 734

= D* 0(11) JM* 0 + CD* (11)0 JM*(l 1 y CD* 20 JM* 2

+ CD* 10 JM* 1 + FM* 0(11)

= . 334 (6. 06) +. 05 (8. 996) + (- .15) (9.175)

+ (- . 2) (5. 089 ) - 5. 833

= 2. 024 +.449 - 1. 376 - 1. 017 - 5 . 833

= -5. 753

= D* ( 11)0 J M* ( 11) + CD* 0(11) JM* 0 + CD* 1(11) JM* 1

+ CD* 2(11) JM* 2 + FM* (11)0

= (. 25) (8. 996) + (. 066) (6 . 06) + (- . 2) (5. 089)

+ (-. 15) (9. 175) - 4. 16 7

= 2. 249 + . 399 - 1. 017 - 1. 376 - 4. 167

= -3.91

M ( 11)(10) = D * ( 11 )( 10) JM * ( 11) + CD* ( 10 )( 11) JM ( 10 )

+ CD* 3( 11) JM* 3 + CD* 2(11) JM* 2 + FM* (11)(10)

 36

= . 25 (8. 996) + (. 053) (3. 088) + (- . 158) (3. 067)

+ (- . 15) (9. 175) - 3. 333

= 2. 249 +. 1636 - . 484 - 1. 376 - 3. 333

= - 2.78

M(l 1)2 = D* (11)2 JM* (11) + CD2(11) JM* 2

= (. 5) (8. 996) + (. 25) (9. 175)

= 4.498 + 2.29

= 6. 78

M(lO)(ll) = D* (10)(11) JM* (10) + CD* (11)(10) JM* (11)

+ CD* 2(10) JM* 2 + CD* 3(10) JM* 3 + FM* (10)(11)

= (. 264) (3. 088) +. 05 (8. 996) + (- .15) (9. 175)

+ (- . 158) (3. 067) - 1. 667

= . 815 + . 45 - 1. 376 - . 484 - 1. 667

= - 2. 26

M10(9) = D* (10)9 JM( 10 t CD* 3(10) JM* 3 + FM* (10)9

= (. 211) (3. 088) - . 833

= .651- .833

= - • 182

= D* (10)3 J M( 10)+ CD3(10) JM* 3

= (. 526) (3. 088) +. 264 (3. 067)

= 1. 62 + . 809

= 2. 429
 37

The Final End Moments for Case I are:

M12 = - M65 = - 5. 407 M34 = - M43 = . 647

MlO = - M67 = + 5. 41 M3(10t - M49 = 2.428

M21 = - M56 = - 4. 93 MOl = - M76 =-5. 734

M23 == - M54 = - 1. 885 MO(l lt - M78 = 5,753

M2(U)= - M58 = 6. 837 M(ll)O= - M87 = - 3. 91

M32 = - M45 = - 3. 07 M(ll)(lO( - M89 = - 2. 78

M(ll )2 = - M85 = 6.78

M(lO)(ll) = - M98 = - 2. 26

-- - M 9(10) = - . 182

= - M 94 = 2. 42 9
 38

CASE II - ANTISYMMETRICAL

8'
w = . lk/ t.

RA= 1.25k w = • lk/ft.

RB - - 1. 25 k
+~___..l~O~'~~+..,___~~l~O~'~ 1____LQ__I ~ ~+,.___ ]~Q~'~ -----'+~~ ----L1~Q_I _--±~

® Fig. 5-5 ®
Loaded Truss - Case II
1 2 3

Fig. 5-6
w = . 1 k/f .
Basic Structure - Case II

11 10
~ 10' ~ l_Q__!__ + 5I ~
I RA = 1. 25 k

The original structure is loaded by an antisymmetrical distributed

load. of uniform intensity (Fig. 5- 5 ). The structure is symmetrical; thus, the

resulting deformation is antisymmetrical with respect to the center

line. Since the deformations on the left are antisymmetrical with the

corresponding deformations on the right, only the left portion will be

considered. This is done by imagining the structure to be cut through

the center and these cut ends to be hinged permitting rotation but no

translation (Fig. 5-6 ).

This involves change in the modification of stiffnes s factors of

members 34 and (10)9 from K 34 , K(lO)g' to K 111 3 4 , K"'(lo)g .

 39

1. ) Deformations

e1 = 86 Bo = 87

82 = 85 8(11) = 88

83 = 84 8(1 O) = eg
.6.1 = .6.0 ::::
.6.6 = .6.7 = 0

.6.2 =
.6.( 11) =- .6. 5 =- .6. 8

.6.3 = .6.(10) =- .6. 4 =- .6. 9

2. ) Stiffness Factors EI (Constant)

K12 = K21 = K23 = K32 = K34 = KO( 11)

= K( 11 )0 = K(ll)(lO) = K(lO)(ll) = K(10)9

4 EI 4 EI
= r::- = 1 0
= . 4 EI

KOl = KlO = K2(11) = K( 11 )2 = K3( 10) = K(10)3

4 EI 4 EI
= -i=- = -8-

= • 5 EI

= 41 ~I ( 1 + . 5)

= . 6 EI

3. ) Carry-Over Factors

All carry-over factors = +. 5.

4. ) Fixed End Moments

FMO(ll) = FM(ll )(10) = - . 833 k-ft.

FM(ll)O = FM(lO)(ll) = + . 833 k-ft.

 40

FM(10)9
Ld L (1-d)

d 2 ( 6 - 8 d + 3 d 2) d 3 (4 - 3d)
12 12
FM = wL 2 x coeffici ent

Since, in our case, the loading is antisymmetrical, we have

_ 2 d 2 (6 - 8d + 3d 2 ) + w'L2 d 3 (4-3d)
FM(10)9 - -wL 12 12

= .574 + .26 d = . 5, w =.1

= . 314 k-ft.

5. ) Displacement Distribut ion Factors

D' 12 = . 25
= D'21 = D ' 23 = D'32 = D'O(ll) = D'(ll)O = D'(ll)(lO)

= D'(lO)(ll)

6.) Modified Joint Stiffness Factors

EK* = .75EI
1

EK*
0
= .75EI

EK*
2
= 1. 00 EI

EK*(ll) = 1.00EI

EK*
3

= ( (. 4 + . 6 + . 5) - . 2 5 ( . 6) ) EI
= 1. 35 EI
 41

EK* (10) - EK(1 0) - D' (10)(11) K II I (10)(11)

= ( (. 4 + . 6 + . 5) - • 2 5 (. 6)) EI

-·· 1. 35 El

7. ) Modified c_~rry-· Ov er Stiffness Factors

CK*1 2 ·- CK*21 :-: CK*23 = CK*32 = CK*O(ll) = CK*(ll)O

- CK* (11)(1 0) = CK* (10)(11)

·- . 0 5 E I

CK 10 * -· C·K* 01 ... ' 1 EI

CK* 2(11( CK*(11)2

::: - . 05 EI

CK* 3(10( CK* ( 10)3 = +. 1 EI

CK* 1(11( CK '" (11)1 = CK* 02 = CK* 20 = CK*2(10) - CK* (10)2

- CK* (11)3 = CK* 3(11) = - . 15 EI

y* 12 -· ·y* 0(1 1 ) c: - • 0667

1' * 10 -· '"' * 01 - -· . 134

'Y *2 l - -v* 23 I ·- 1' * (11 )0 = 1' * ( 11)(10) = - . 05

'Y * 2(11) -·· ·y * (11 )2 ·- +. 05

.. ... +.2
1' * 1(11) 'Y * 02

1' * 20 -· "I*
' (11) 1
:::
·y*2(10) = 'Y* (11)3 = +. 15

CK*
32 . 05 EI
'Y * 32 -- 'Y* (10)(11) ·- B K* 3 - - 1. 35 EI = - . 0 37

CK* 3(10) . 1 EI
'Y * 3( lO) ·- -y*(l0)3 = BK* 1. 35 EI
= - 074
3

\
\
 42

CK* 3(11) _(-.15EI) =

'Y * 3 ( 11 ) = 'Y * ( 1 0 )2 = BK* 1. 35 EI
+ . 111
3

9. ) New Distribution F actors

D* 12 = D*O(ll) - . 334

D* 1 0 = D* 0 1 = . 66 7

D* 21 = D*23 =
D*(ll )O = D* (11)(10) = .25

D*2(11) = D* ( 11 )2 = .5

K32 - D'32 K"'32 _(.4- . 25(.6})E I

D* 32 =
D* (10)(11) = = . 18 !.
BK* - 1. 35 EI
3
K"' - D' K"'
34 34 34
D* 34 = D* (10)9 = BK* = 1.. 35
6 EI
EI =
. 444
3
K{3)10 . 5 EI
D* 3(10) = D*(10)3 -
BK* = 1. 35 EI = . 37
3

10.. ) Ne w Carry -Ov er Di s :rib uti on F actor s

CD* 12 = CD* 0( 11) = . 0 66

CD*21 = CD*2 3 = CD* (11 )0 = CD* (11)(10) = . 05

CK32 - D'23 K'"32 . 05 EI

CD* 32 = CD* (10 )( 11) = r.K*
::::
1. 35EI =-~ • o37
3

CD* 01 = CD* 10 = - .2

CDOl = CDlO = . 333

CD*2(11) = CD* ( 11)2 = - . 15

CD2(11) = CD(11)2 = .25

D' K"' . 15 E I
{10)(11) 32 -
CD* 3(10) = CD* (10)3 - r:K*
-·
1. 35 EI
- . 111
3
 43

CK3(10) .5(.5)EI
CD3( 10) = CD(10)3 = EK* = 1. 3 5 EI = . 185
3

CD*l(ll) = CD* (11)1 = CD* 02 = CD*20 = CD*2(10)

= CD* (11 )3 = .2

D' K"'
(11)(10) 3(10} . 15 EI
CD* (10)2 = CD* 3(11) = EK* = 1. 35 EI
- - . 11 J
3

11. ) Starting Moments

m* 1 = D' 12 [.yM;2 + ~ 1 + FMO(ll) + FM(ll)O

+ L ~ 1 + BV(ll)O + V 2] - E ~

= .25 ( - .833 + .833 + 10 (.5 + .25))

= 1. 875

m*2 = D'21 [ ~ 1 +YM;2 + FM(ll)O+ FMO(ll)

+ L ( ~ 1 + B~ 11 )0 + V 2 ) J
+ D'23 ~ 3 + ~ 2 + FMll(lO) + FMlO(ll)

L ( ~ + BV 10(11) + V 3) J -~
= . 25 (- .833+.833+10(.5+.25))

+ .25 (- .833 + .833 + 10 (.5 + (-.75)))

= 1. 87 5 - . 62 5 = 1. 2 5

m* ::
D'32 [YM;2 +Y-M;3 + FMlO(ll) + FMll(lO)
3

+ L ~ 2 + BV 10( 11) + V 3) J- ~
= .25 (- .833 + .833 + 10 (. 5 - . 7 5) )

= - . 625

m*
0
= 1. 875 + . 833 = 2.708
 44

m*(ll) = 1.25

m*(lO) = - .625- (.833 - .314)

= - 1. 144

12. ) Modified Fixed End Moments

FM* 12 = - D'12 ~ 2 + ~ 1 + FMO(ll) + F1111)0

+ L ~ 1 + BV ( 11 )0 + V 2) J +J™;2
= - .25 (- .833 + .833 + 10(.5 + .25))

= - 1. 87 5

FM*21 = - D'21 ~ 1 +J™;2 + FMO(ll) + FM(ll)O

+ L ~ l +BV(ll)O+V2)]+~l

= - .25(- .833+.833+ 10(.5+.25))

= - 1. 87 5

FM*23 = - D'23 [J™;3 +_.YM~ + F~lXlO) + F1VTc10Xll)

+ L ( ~ + BV ( 10 )( 11) + V 3) J+ ~
= - .25(- .833+.833+ 10(.5+(-.75)))

= + . 625

FM* 32 = + . 625

FM* 0(11) = - D'O(ll) ~ 2 +yM'21 + FMO(ll) + FM(ll)O

+ L ~1 + BV ( 11 )0 + V 2 )] + FM 0( 11)

= - . 2 5 (- . 8 3 3 + . 8 3 3 + 10 (. 5 + (. 2 5) )+ (- . 8 3 3)

= 1.875 - .833 = - 2.708

FM* (11)0 = 1.875+.833 =- 1.042

FM* (11)(10) = - D'(ll)(lO) [ ~ 3 + ~ + FM(ll)(lO) + FM(lO)(ll}

+ L (:Iw-;; + BV (10)(11) + V 3) J + FM(ll )(10)

 45

= - . 25 (- . 833 + . 833 + 10 (. 5 + (- . 75)))- . 833

= + . 625 - . 833 = - . 202

FM* (lO)(ll) = + . 625 + . 833 = 1. 458

FM*34 = 0

FM* (10)9 = FM( l0) 9 = - . 314

 46

13. Carry-Over Procedure

'Y*12 'Y*32
1 2 ----3

'Y * 3(10)
'Y * 10

11 10
'Y* o( 11) *
'Y (10)(11)
Fig. 5-7
Carry-Over Pattern - Case II

1 2 3 10 11 0
'Y * 's - '• 0667--? - . 050~ - .037~ - . 074 j - . 050~ - . 134 t
- t + .150~ + .111/ + . 11 i"', + . 050 t + .200)1
. 1340
+ , 200~ + . 050 J - . 074 • - . 037....- + .150/ - .06~
+ . 150 / - . 050--r
- .050~ +. 150,
m* 's 1. 875 1. 250 - . 625 -1. 144 1. 25 2. 708
-· ·-
- . 0625 - . 1250 - . 0625 ft . 1875 + .3750 - . 2512
+ . 187 5 + .0231 + .0846 ft . 0462 +. 0625 + . 1875
- . 3628 - . 1269 + . 1875 - . 0625 - . 0693 - . 0625
+. 0625 +. 0423
+ .5410 - . 1787

- . 2378 + .3747 + .2096 + . 1712 + .2318 - . 1262

-- ····---- -
- . 0187 + .0158 - . 01873 rt . 0562 - . 0475 + . 0318
+ .0347 - . 0077 - .01266 - . 0155 + .0187 + .0562
+ .0169 + .0190 +. 03477 ~ .0115 +. 0232 - . 0115
+ . 0115 - . 0063
- . 0252 + .0083
-
+ .0329 + .0134 + . 0034 ft- . 0292 - . 0036 + .0765

JM* 's 1. 670 +1. 638 - . 412 - . 943 +1. 478 2.658

TABLE 5-2
Carry-Over Table - Case II (Example 1)
 47

Check

JM*
1
= 1. 670 = ?

= m* 1 + 'Y* 01 JM* 0 + 'Y* (11)1 JM* (11) +-y * 21 JM* 2

= 1. 875 + (- . 134) (2. 658) + (. 15) (1. 478) + (-. 05) (1. 638)

= 1.875 - .356 + .221- .081

= 1. 65

JM* 2 = 1. 638 = ?

= m* 2 + 'Y* 12 JM* 1 + 'Y* 02 JM* O + 'Y* (11)2 JM* (11)

+ 'Y * (10)2 JM* 10 + -y* 32 JM* 3

= 1. 25 + (-. 0667) (1. 67) + (. 2) (2. 658) + (. 05) (1. 478)

+ (. 111) (-. 943) + (-. 037) (-. 412)

= 1. 2 5 - . 1113 + . 5 316 + . 07 3 9 - . 104 + . 0152

= 1. 65

JM* =- . 412 =?
3
= m3 + 'Y*23 JM*2 + -y* (11)3 JM* (11) + 'Y* (10)3 JM*(lo)

= . 625 + (-. 05) 1. 638 + (. 15) (1. 478) + (-. 074) (-. 943)

= . 6 2 5 - . 08 0 + . 2 2 1 + . 069
= .415

JM*
0 = 2. 658 = ?

= m * 0 + 'Y * 10 JM * 1 + 'Y * 2 0 JM * 2 + 'Y * ( 11 )0 JM* ( 11)

= 2. 708 + (- . 134) (1. 67) + (. 15) (1. 638) + (- . 05) (1. 478)

= 2. 708 - . 223 + . 245 - . 0739

= 2. 657

JM * (l1 ) = 1. 4 7 8 = ?

= m * ( 11) + 'Y * 0( 11) JM * 0 + 'Y * 1 ( 11) JM * 1 + 'Y * 2 ( 11) JM * 2

+ 'Y * 3 ( 11 ) JM * 3 + 'Y * ( 10 )( 11 ) JM * ( 1 0 )
 48

= 1. 478 + (- . 066) (2. 658) +. 2 (1. 67) +. 05 (1. 638)

+(.111)(- .412)+(- .037)(- . 943)

= 1.25- .1754+.334+.0819- .0457+.0348

= 1. 479

JM* (10) = - . 943 = ?

= m* (10) + -y* (11)(10) JM* (11) + -y* 2(10) JM* 2

+ 'Y* 3(10) JM* 3

= 1. 144 + (- . o5) 1. 478 + (. 15x1. 638) + (- . 074) (-. 412)

= 1. 144 - . 073 + . 245 + . 0304

= . 942

14. ) Final End Moments

M12 = D* 12 JM* 1 + CD*21 JM*2 + CD* (11)1 JM( 11)

+ CD* 01 JM* 0 + FM* 12

= .557 + .0819 - .295 - .531- 1. 875

= - 2. 06

MlO = D* 10 JM* 1 + CDOl JM* 0

= .667 (1.67)+ .333 (2.658)

= 1. 113 + . 8 95

= 2.00

M21 = D* 21 JM* 2 + CD* 12 JM* 1 + CD* 02 JM* 0

+ CD* (11)2 JM(ll)+ FM*21

= . 25 (1. 638) + (. 066)(1. 67) + (- . 2) (2. 658) - (. 15)(1. 478)

+ (- 1. 875)

= .409+.1102-.531- . 2217-1.875

= - 2. 10
 49

M23 = D* 23 JM* 2 + CD* 32 JM* 3 + CD* (10)2 JM* (10)

+ CD* (11)2 JM* (11) + FM* 23

= .25(1.638)+(.037)(- .412)+(- .111)(- .943)

- (. 15) (1. 478) + . 625

= .409- .0152 + .1046 - .2217 + .625

= + . 901

M2(11) = D*2(11) JM*2 + CD(11)2 JM* (11)

= .5 (1. 638) +. 25 (1. 478)

= • 819 + . 3695

= 1. 190

M32 = D* 32 JM* 0 + CD* 23 JM* 2 + CD* (11)3 JM* (11)

+ CD* (10)3 JM* (10) + FM* 32

= (.185) (-. 412) +. 05 (1. 638) + (-. 2) 1. 478 + (-. 111)(-. 943)

+ (. 625)

= - • 0762 +. 0819 - . 2956 + . 1046 + . 625

= + . 439
M34 = D* 34 JM* 3 + CD* (10)3 JM( 10t FM* 34

= .444(- .412)+(- .111)(- .943)+0

= - . 1829 +. 104 = - . 078

M3(10) = D* 3(10) JM* 3 + CD(10)3 JM* (10)

= . 37 (-. 412) + (. 185) (-. 943)

= - . 152 - . 1744 = :- . 326

MOl = D* 01 JM* 0 + CDlO JM* 1

= . 667 (2. 658 ) + (. 333) (1. 67 )

= 1. 772 + . 556

= 2 . 328
 50

MO(ll) = D*O(ll)JM*o+CD*(ll)OJM*(ll)+CD*20 3 M*2

+ CD* 10 JM* 1 + FM* 0(11)

= (. 334) (2. 658) + (. 05) (1. 478) + (- . 2) (1. 638) + (- . 2)(1. 67)

- 2. 708

= .887+.0739- . 327- .334- 2.708

= - 2. 39

M(ll)O = D* (11)0 JM*{ll)+ CD* 0(11) JM* 0 + CD* 1(11) JM* 1

+ CD* 2(11) JM* 2 + FM* (11)0

= (. 25) (1. 478) + (. 066) (2. 658) + (- . 2) 167 - (. 15)(1. 638)

- 1. 042

= . 3695 + . 17 54 - . 334 - . 245 - 1. 042

= - 1. 076

M(ll)(lO) = D* (11)(10) JM* (11) + CD* (10)(11) JM( 10 t CD* 3(11/M* 3

+ CD*2(11) JM*2 FM* (11)(10)

= (.25)(1.478)+(.037)( - .943)+(- .111)(- .412)

-( . 15) (1. 638) + (- . 202)

= . 3695 - .. 0348 + .. 0457 - . 245 - . 202

- - . 06 6

= D* (11)2 JM* (11) + CD2(11) JM*2

= (. 5) (1. 478) + (. 25) (1. 638)

= . 739 + . 409

= 1. 148

M(lO)(ll) = D(lO)(ll) JM* (10) + CD(ll .){10) JM* (11) + CD*2(10/M*2

+ CD* 3(10) JM* 3 + FM* (10)(11)

 51

= (. 185) (- . 943) + (. o5) (1. 478) + (- . 2) (1. 638) + (-. 111x-. 412

+ 1. 461

= .1744 +. 074 - . 327 +. 046 + 1. 461

= + 1. 081

= D* (10)9 JM( 1ot CD* 3(10) JM* 3 + FM* (10)9

= .444(- .943)+(- .111)(- . 412)- (. 314)

= .418+.046- .314

= . 686

= D* (10)3 JM*(lO) + CD3(10) JM* 3

= (.37)(- .943)+(.185 )(- .412)

= - . 348 - . 076 = - . 424

Final End Moment s for Cas e II

Ml2 = M65 = - 2. 06 MOl = M76 = 2. 328

MlO = M67 = 2. 00 MO(l 1) = M78 = - 2. 3 9

M21 = M56 = - 2. 10 M(ll)O = M87 = - 1. 076

M2 3 = M54 = . 901 M(ll)(lO) = M8 9 = - . 066

M2(11) = M58 = 1. 19 M(11)2 = M8 5 = 1. 148

M32 = M45 = . 4 39 M(lO)(ll) = M 98 = 1. 081

M34 = M43 = - . 078 M(10)9 = M 9(10) = - . 68 6

M 3(10) = M4 9 = - . 32 6 M(10)3 = M 94 = - . 424

 52

The superposition of Cases I, II yields the final end moments

for the original loading (Table 5- 3 ).

Final End Moments (Case I and Case II)

-
Final __Case I Final .
Case I Case II Momenti:; Case lI
Moments

MlO +5.41 +2.00 +7.410 M78 -5.753 -2.39 -8. 143

M12 -5.407 -2.06 -7.464 M76 5.734 2. 328 8.062

M21 -4.93 -2. 10 -7.03 M87 +3.91 -1. 076 +2.834

M2(11) 6.837 1. 19 +8. 027 M85 -6. 78 1. 148 -5. 632

M23 -1. 88 5 • 901 - . 984 M89 +2.78 - . 066 +2.714

-
M32 -3. 07 • 439 -2. 63 M98 +2.26 1. 081 +3.341

M3(10) 2. 428 - . 326 +2. 102 M94 -2.429 - . 424 -2.853

M34 • 647 - . 078 +O. 569 M9(10) +. 182 - . 686 - . 504

M43 - . 647 - . 078 - . 725 M(10)9

- . 182 - . 686 - . 868

M49 -2.428 - . 326 -2.754 2.429 - . 424 2.005

M(10)3

+3. 07 .. + .439 +3.509 -2.26 +1. 081 -1. 179

M45 M(lOXll)

M54 +1. 885 +. 901 +2.794 -2.78 - . 066 -2.846

~llXlO)

M58 -6.837 +1. 19 - 5.647 M(11)2 6.78 1. 148 7. 928

M56 +4. 93 -2. 10 +2.820 M(ll)O -3, 91 -1. 07 6 -4.986

M65 +5.407 -2.06 +3. 347 MO(l 1) 5.753 -2. 39 3. 363

M67 -5.41 +2.00 -3.410 MOl -5.734 2.328 -3~ 406

--

TABLE 5-3
Superposition of Cases I, II
 53

EXAMPLE NO. 2

A Vierendeel Truss with concentrated loads acting at its joints

is shown (Fig. 5-8). The truss has four panels with parallel top and

bottom chords. EI is constant.

10 k 20 k 20 k 20 k 10 k

1 2 3 4

6'

0
9 8 7
10 1
t 10'
t 10' -+ t
ct 10'
- - - -·-·- -·- - - ---~--

Fig. 5-8 ®
A Four Panel Vierendeel Truss

Since the structure is symmetrical and symmetrically loaded, only half

the structure will be considered as was done in Case I of Example No. 1.

10 k 20 k 10 k
,1
I
'~ 2
3n
I

6
10 9 81, 1
I'I
Fig. 5-9
Bas ic Struc ture

f 40 k
1. ) Deformations
10'
t 10'
-t
l\ = 80 = 85 = -
86

82 = 89 = 84 = - 8
7

83 = 88 = 0

Al = Ao = A5 = A6 = 0

A2 = Ag = A4 = A7

A3 = A8
 54

2. ) Stiffness Factors

Since EI = constant
4 EI
Kol = KlO = K29 =t i = . 666 EI

4 EI
K12 = K21 = K23 = K32 = K09 = K90 = K98 = K89 =1 0
= .4 EI

3.) Carry-Over Factor s

All carry-over factor s = + .5

4. ) Fixed End Moments

_ All FM's due to loads = 0

5. ) Displacement Distribution Factors

Since
S = ---y:;-
6 EI

Similarly,

D'21 = D'23 = D'32 = D'o 9 = D'90 = D'93 = D'39 = . 25

6.) Modified Stiffness Factors

EK* = EK 1 - D 1 12 K 111 12 =( (.666+.4)-.25(.6)) EI

1

= . 916 EI

EK*
0 = EK
0
- D'
09
K 111
09 = ((.666+.4}- .25(.6)) EI

= . 916 EI

EK*
2 = EK 2 - D' 21 K''' 21 - D' 23 K"' 23 = ((. 666 + . 4 + . 4)

- . 15 - . 15) EI

= 1. 166 EI

EK*
9 = EK
9
- DI
90
KI''
90
- D'
98
K" '
98
= ( (. 666 + . 4 + . 4)

- . 15 - . 15 ) EI

= 1. 166 EI
 55

7. ) Modified Carry-Over Stiffness Factors

CK* 12 = CK 12 -D 1 21 K 111 12 = (.5(.4)- .25(.6))EI

= . 05 EI

CK* 21 = CK 2 l - D' 12 K" ' 21 = ( . 5 (. 4) - . 2 5 (. 6) ) EI

= . 05 EI

Similarly,

CK* 23 = CK* 09 = CK* 90 = CK* 98 = . 05 EI

CK* 10 = CK 10 - D 1 90 K 111 12 = ( . 5(.666)- .25 ( .6 00)) EI

= . 183 EI

CK* Ol = CK 01 - D 1 12 K'"ol = (. 5 (. 666) - . 25 (. 600)) EI

. 183 EI

CK*29 = CK29 - D'90 K"'21 - D'98 K"'23 = (. 333 - . 30 ) EI

= + . 033 EI = CK* 92

CK* 19 = - D'90 K'''12 = . 2 5 (. 6 )EI = -: 15 EI

CK* 91 = - D'12 K'"90 = . 2 5 (. 6 )EI = - . 15 EI

Similarly,

CK* 02 = CK* 20 = CK* 28 = CK* 93 = - . 15 EI

8.) Joint Moment Carry-Over Factors

CK* 12 . 05 EI
'Y*12 = - I:K* = = - . 054 5
. 916 EI
1

CK* 19 (- . 15) EI = + . 164

y* 19 = I:K* = . 916 EI
1

CK* 10 . 183 EI = - . 200

'Y * 10 r;K*
=
. 916 EI
1
 56

CK* 01 - . 183 EI
Y*o1 = I:K* - = - . 200
. 916 EI
0

CK* 02 (- . 15) EI
'Y * 02 = I: K* . 916 EI = + . 164
0

CK* 09 (. 05) EI _ =
'Y * 09 = I:K*
=
. 916El - - . 0545
0

CK* 21 . 05 EI
- - = - . 043
I:K* 1. 166 EI
2

CK* 20 (- . 15 EI)
'Y * 20 - -
I:K* 2
=
1. 166EI
= + . 128

. 033 EI
'Y *2 9 = 1. 166 EI
= - . 028

CK* 23 . 05 EI
y*23 = = = - . 043
I:K* 1. 166EI
2

CK* 28 (- . 15 EI) =
Y*28 = I:K* 2 = 1. 166EI
+. 128

Similarly,

y* 90 = - .043, y* 91 = +.128, y* 92 = - .028

'Y*93 = +.128,y* 98 = -.043

9. ) New Distribution Factors

D* K12 - D'12 K"'12 = (.4- .25 (.6)) EI

12 = I:K* l . 916 EI

=~
. 916
= .273

KlO
D* 10 = I:K* =..-666
~EI
916 - =
EI
. 726
1
 57

KOl . 666 EI
D* 01 = EK*o
= . 916 EI = . 726

K09 - D'o9 K"'o9

D* 09 = EK* = {, 4 - .25(.6)) EI
. 916 EI
0

= .273

K2 1 - DI 2 1 KI I I2 1 . 25
D*21 = EK* = 1. 166 = . 215
2

K 23- D' 23 K''' 23

.25
D* 23 = EK* = 1. 166
= . 215
2

K29 . 666
D*29 = EK*
=
1. 166
= . 572
2

K92 . 666
D* 92 = EK* = 1. 166 = . 572
9

K90 - D' 90 K''' 90 .25

D* 90 = EK* = 1. 166 = . 215
9

K98 - D'9s K"'9s .25

D* 98 =
EK*
=
1. 166 = . 215
9

10. ) New Carry-Over Distribution Factors

CK12 - D'21 K'"12 (.5(.4)- .25(.6))EI

CD* 12 = EK* =
. 916 EI
1

= • 05 = . 0545
. 916

D' 09 K"' 12 = - . 2 5 (. 600) EI

CD* 10 = EK* l . 916 EI

= . 164

CDlO = + c;i~ l
= + (. 5) ( . 666) EI
.916 EI
= . 363
 58

D' 90 K"' 12 .25 (. 6)

CD* 19 = = = - . 164
EK* . 916
1

Similarly,

CD* 01 = . 164, CD 01 = . 363

CD* 02 = . 164, CD* 09 = . 0545

C K2 1 - DI 12 KI I I2 1 . 05 EI
CD* 21 = = = . 043
EK* 1. 166 EI
2
D' K"'
09 21 .25 (.6) EI
EK* 2 = 1. 166 EI = - . 13

D' 90 K"' 21 D' K"'

98 23
EK* = EK* = - . 13
2 2

CK29
CD29 = EK* = + . 51.(.166
666)
= + .286
2

Similarly,
CD*23 = . 043

CD* 28 = . 13

CD* 92 = . 13

CD92 = + . 286

CD* 93 = - . 13

CD* 98 = . 043

CD* 91 = - . 130

CD* 90 = . 043
 59

11. ) Starting Moments

m*
1 = - ESM*
1

= +D'12 ~ +~1 +~9+~0

+L(~+~+V2)]+~2

= D'12 (L)V2 = . 25 (10)30

= 75

m*
0 = D 1 09 LV 2 = 75

m*2 = + D'21 [ ~ 1 + ~ + ~ +__EM-og

+ L ~ + ~ +V2)]+ D'23 ~+~ +~

+ ~ + L (~+ft¥g8 +V3) J
+~+~

= D'21(L)V2+D'23LV3

= . 25 (10) 30 + . 25 (10)(10) = 75 + 25

= 100

Similarly,

m * 9 = 100

12. ) Modified Fixed End Moments

FM*12 = - D'12 [ ~ 2 + ~ 1 +~9+FM90

+ L cmr;l + K a +V2)] +flM;2

= - D' 12 LV 2 = - . 25 (10) (30) = - 75

Similarly,

FM* 09 = - 75

FM* 21 = - 75 = FM* 90
 60

FM* 23 = D 1 23 LV 3 = - . 25 (10) (10) = - 25

FM* 32 = - 25 = FM* 98 = FM* 89

13. Carry-Over Procedure

The carry-over procedure is performed c onsidering joints 1, 2,

9, 0 in that order . The remaining procedure is the same as shown for

Case I, Example 1. In this Example, since JM* 's are zero at joints

3 and 8, there is no carry-over to or from joints 3 and 8.

 61

2 3
21 Since JM 's are

[(:::!~
I

'Y * 2 0 zero at 3 and 8, there is

'Y * 10
'Y * 29
*
91
1~. 92
no carry-over to or from

3 and 8.
'Y * 09 8

9
'Y * 90
Fig. 5-10
Carry-Over Pattern

1 2 9 0
'Y * 's - .0545- - . 043 ---- - . 043 - - . 200 J

m* 's
+ . 164
- .200
75
r +. 128
- . 028
100
/
!
+. 128
- . 028
100
't + .164 /
- .0545~
75
-4.3-0ff -4 . 100 +12. 300 +15. 00
+12.800 -2 . 800 -2.800 +12.80
-Fi 000 +12.300 -4. 100 -4.30
m* 's -6.500 +5.400 +5.400 -6.500
- .233 + . 354 -1. 06 5 +1. 300
+. 692 - . 151 +. 151 + .692
+1. 300 -1. 065 + .354 - .233
in* 's +1.759 - . 862 - . 862 +1.759
·-=
+ .037 - . 0976 + . 294 - . 358
- . 110 + .0240 + .024 - . 110
- . 358 + .2940 - . 097 + .037
m* 's - . 431 + .221 + . 221 - . 431
- . 0095 + .0236 - . 0710 + .U-802
+ . 0283 - . 0062 - . 0062 + .0283
+. 0862 - . 0710 + .0236 - . 0095
+. 105 - . 0536 - . 0536 + . 105

JM* 1s 69.933 101 706 101 706 69.933

TABLE 5-4
Carry-Over Table (Example 2)
 62

14. ) Check of The Carry-Over Procedure

JM * 1 = 69 . 933 = ?.

= m* + 'Y* 21 JM2 + y' 91 JM* 9 + 'Y* 01 JM* 0

= 75 - . 043 (104. 706) +. 128 (104. 7) - . 200 (69. 933)

= 75 - 4. 5 + 13. 41 - 13. 98 = 69. 93

JM* 2 = 104. 706 = ? = m* 2 + y* 12 JM* l + y * 02 JM* O

+ 'Y * 92 JM* 9

= 100 - . 0545 (69. 933) + . 164 (69. 933) - . 028 (104. 706)

= 100 - 3. 81 + 11. 44 - 2. 93 = 104. 70

JM*9 = m*9+ 'Y*o9JM*o+'Y*19JM*1 +y*29JM*2

= 100 - (. 0545) 69. 933 + . 164 (69. 933) - . 028 (104. 706)

= 104.70

JM*o = 69.933 = ?

= m*o+y*10JM*1 +y*20JM*2 +y*90JM*9

= 75 - . 200 (69. 933) + . 128 (104. 706) + (- . 043) (104. 7)

= 69. 93

1 5. ) Final End Moments

M12 = D* 12 JM* 1 + CD* 21 JM* 2 + CD* 91 JM* 9 + CD* OlJM* 0

+ FM* 12

= . 273 (69. 933) +. 043 (104. 706) - . 13 (104. 706) - . 164(69. 933)
- 75

= 19.1 + 4.51- 13.6 - 11.46 - 75

= - 76.45

MlO = D* 10 JM* 1 + CDOl JlVI* 0

= • 727 (69. 933) +. 363 (69. 933)

 63

= 50. 90 + 2 5. 45
= +76.35

M21 = D* 21 JM* 2 + CD* 12 JM* 1 + CD* 02 JM* 0 + CD* 92 JM* 9

+ FM* 21

= . 215 (104 . 706) +. 0545 (69. 933) - .164 (69. 933)

- (. 13 ) (104. 7 06) - 7 5

= 2 2 . 5 + 3. 81 - 11. 4 6 - 13. 6 - 7 5

= - 73. 75

M29 = D* 29 JM* 2 + CD92 JM* 9

= . 572 (104. 706) + . 286 (104. 706)

= 60 + 30 = 90

M23 = D* 23 JM* 2 + CD* 92 JM* 9 + FM* 23

= . 215 ( 104. 7) - . 13 ( 104. 7 0) - 2 5

= 22. 5 - 13 . 6 - 25 = - 16. 5
0
M32 = D* 32 JM* 3 + CD* 23 JM* 2 + CD* 93 JM* 9 + CD* 83JM* 8

+ FM* 32

= . 043 (104. 706) - . 13 (104. 706) - 25

= - 34. 1
= 4. 5 - 13 . 6 - 25
0 0
M38 = D* 38 JM* 3 + CD83 JM* = 0
8
0 0

M83 = D* 8 3 JM* 8 + CD* 38 JM* 3 = 0

0
M93 = D* 89 JM* 8 + CD* 98 JM* 9 + CD* 28 JM* 2

0
+ CD* 38 JM* 3 + FM* 89
 64

= . 215 (104. 76) - . 13 (104. 706)

= 22. 5 - 13. 6 - 25 = - 16. 1

M92 = D* 92 JM* 9 + CD29 JM* 2

= . 572 (104 . 706) + (. 286) (104. 706)

= 60 + 30 = 90

M90 = D* 90 JM* 9 + CD* 09 JM* 0 + CD* 19 JM* 1 + CD* 29JM* 2

+ FM* 90

= . 215 (104. 706) +. 0545 (69. 933) + (- .164) (69. 933)

+ (- . 13) ( 104. 7 06) - 7 5

= 2 2. 5 + 3. 81 - 11. 46 - 13. 6 - 7 5

= -73.68

MOl = D* 01 JM* 0 + CDlO JM* 1

= . 726 (69. 933) + (. 363) 69. 933

= 50.90+25.45

= + 76. 35

M09 = D* 09 JM* 0 + CD* 90 JM* 9 + CD* 20 JM* 2

+ CD* 10 JM* 1 + FM* 09

= . 273 (69. 933) + . 043 (104. 706) + (- . 13) (104. 706)

- . 164 (69. 933) - 75

= 19. 1 + 4. 5 - 13. 6 0 - 11. 46 - 7 5

= - 76. 32
 65

Hence,

MlO = - M56 = 76. 20

M12 = - M54 = - 76. 32

M21 = - M45 = - 73. 68

M23 = - M43 = 16. 5

M32 = - M34 = - 34. 1

M29 = - M47 = 90

M38 = 0

M09 = - M67 = - 76. 32

M90 = - M76 = - 73. 68

M98 = - M78 = 16. 1

M89 = - M87 = - 34. 1

MOl = - M65 = + 76. 35

M92 = - M74 = + 90

M8 3 = 0
 66

CHAPTER 6

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

The illustrative examples show the application of the carry-

over joint moment method to the analysis of Vierendeel Trusse s . Joint

moments are obtained at the finish of the carry-over procedure. These

joint moments must then be distributed to the members at that joint in

proper proportions to obtain final end moments. Since the displace-

ments were eliminated in the derivation of the carry-over joint mo-

ment method, only one carry-over procedure is necessary . Some

additional constants must be evaluated for this method which are un-

necessary for the method of slope deflection or moment distribution.

These new constants are simply modifications of the original slope

deflection constants .

The method of slope deflection is impractical to use in the gen-

eral analysis of a Vierendeel Truss because of the quantity of unknown

deformations. The slope deflection method might be desirable if an

electronic computer is readily availabl e to solve the many simultaneous

equations .

The primary disadvantages of the mom ent distribution method

are:

1. ) Separate distribution for each independent displacement

2. ) Simultaneous solution of a number of shear equations equal

to t h e number of indep endent displacements .

 67

The carry-over joint moment method of analysis is not convenient

for trusses with few panels. As the number of panels becomes greater,

the advantages of the carry- over joint moment method becomes more

apparent.
 A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Young, Dana. "Analysis of The Vierendeel Trusses. 11 ASCE

Transactions, Vol. 102, 1937, - pg. 869.

2. Baes, Louis. "Rigid Frames Without Diagonals (The Vierendeel

Truss). 11 ASCE Transactions , Vol. 107, 1942, pg. 1215.

3. Parcel, J. I., and Moorman. Analysis of Statically Indeterminate

Structures. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1955.

4. Tuma, J. J . "Analysis of Continuous Beams by Carry-Over Moments. 11

Proceedings, ASCE, Vol. 84, September 1958, No. 1762.

5. Gregory. "Analysis of Continuous Rigid Frames with Joint Trans-

lation Prevented by Carry-Over Slopes and Carry-Over Moments. 11

M. S. Thesis, 1959.

6. Strum, Edward R. "Analysis of Multi-Story Rigid Frames with Joint

Translation Permitted _ by Carry-Over Joint Moments. 11 M. S.
Thesis, 1959.

68
 69

VITA

Samuel Theophilus

Candidate for the Degree of

Master of Science

Thesis: ANALYSIS OF VIERENDEEL TRUSSES WITH PARALLEL CHORDS

BY CARRY-OVER JOINT MOMENTS

Major Field: Civil Engineering

Biographical:

Personal Data: Born in Bangalore, India, on October 22, 1927,

the son of Henry and Manonmani Theophilus.

Education: Graduated from St. Aloysious High School, Bangalore,

India, in May 1944. Entered the intermediate course in
Mysore University in 1944 and passed the intermediate
examination in May 1946. Joined the Government College
of Engineering, Bangalore, in 1946 and completed the
requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering
in Civil Engineering in June 1950. Entered the Oklahoma
State University in September 1959, and completed the
requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in
Civil Engineering with major in Structures in May, ·,
1961.

Professional experience: Joined the Mysore State Public Works

Department, India, in July 1950 and served as engineer
in buildings, bridges, highways and irrigation works un-
tilJune 1956. In July 1956, was appointed as instructor
in Civil Engineering in the C. P. C. Polytechnic Institute,
Mysore, India, and served in this capacity until July
1959. Employed as Graduate Assistant in the Oklahoma
State University from September 1959 to May 1960.