Từ vựng – ngữ nghĩa học – EN11

Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, the …………………… of language.

Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Calculation
b. Research
c. Science Câu trả lời đúng
d. Technology

Lexicology also ……………………….. all kinds of semantic relations (synonyms,

antonyms etc) and semantic grouping (semantic fields)
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Learns
b. Does
c. Studies Câu trả lời đúng
d. Deal

A morpheme is also an association of a given meaning with………………..But

unlike a word it is not autonomous. Morphemes occur in speech only as
constituent parts of words, not independently, although a word may consist
of a single morpheme
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. A giving sound pattern
b. A given sound model
c. A given sound track
d. A given sound pattern Câu trả lời đúng

Roots-are main morphemic vehicles of a given idea in a given language at a

given stage of its development. A root may be also regarded as the ultimate
constituent element which remains ………………………………….. all functional
and derivational affixes and does not admit any further analysis
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. After the removal for
b. After the removal of Câu trả lời đúng
c. After the move of
d. After the removing of

Lexicology is a branch of linguistics which studies the …………………………….

of a language
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Parts of speech
b. Vocabulary Câu trả lời đúng
c. Semantics
d. Grammar

The term morpheme is derived from Gr morphe ‘form’+ eme. Linguists to

……..or the minimum distinctive feature have adopted the Greek suffix – eme.
(Cf. phoneme, sememe). The morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of
form
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Denoting the smallest unit
b. Denotative the smallest unit
c. Denote the smallest unit Câu trả lời đúng
d. Denotation the smallest unit
Phản hồi
The corect answer is: Denote the smallest unit

Because : This phrase is grammatically correct. It should be an infinitive.

It may be easily ……………that the lexical meaning of the word “ boy ” and
the lexical meaning of the root-morpheme boy — in such words as boyhood,
boyish and others are very much the same
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Observing
b. Observation
c. Observed Câu trả lời đúng
d. Observe

Many English words consist of a single root-morpheme, so when we say that

most morphemes possess …………………………………………… we imply mainly
the root-morphemes in such words
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Lexical meaning . Câu trả lời đúng
b. Lexical meanness
c. Lexical means
d. Lexical meaningful
Phản hồi
The corect answer is: Lexical meaning Because :The right term in lexicology is “lexical
meaning”

A word is a minimum free form. A morpheme is said to be either bound or

free. This statement should be taken with caution. It means that ………………
forming words without adding other morphemes: that is, they are
homonymous to free forms
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Some morphemes are capable of Câu trả lời đúng
b. Some morphemes are capable for
c. Some morphemes are capable for
d. Some morphemes are capable about
Phản hồi
The corect answer is: Some morphemes are capable of

Because: The whole structure is “ to be capable of doing smth ”

Grammar, which is inseparably bound up with Lexicology, is the study of the

grammatical …………………… of language
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Results
b. Reasons
c. Structure Câu trả lời đúng
d. Causes
Phản hồi
The corect answer is: Structure

Because: This word conveys the most suitable meanings

According to the role they play in constructing words, morphemes are

subdivided into roots and affixes. …………………into prefixes, suffixes and
infixes
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. The last are further subdivided, according to their position
b. The latest are further subdivided, according to their position
c. The later are further subdivided, according to their position
d. The latter are further subdivided, according to their position Câu trả lời đúng
Phản hồi
The corect answer is : The latter are further subdivided, according to their position

Because : “The latter “ is used to express the second thing of the two.

Historical or diachronic lexicology deals with ……………………………. of the

vocabulary and the changes it has undergone. Ex. In descriptive lexicology
the words « to take « ,«to adopt « are considered to be English not to be
different from such native words as « child »,» foot «,» stone « etc. But in
historical lexicology they are treated as borrowed words.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. The developed
b. Develop
c. Developing
d. The development Câu trả lời đúng
Phản hồi
The corect answer is: The development

Because there should be a noun after a preposition.

A form is said to be free if it may stand alone without changing its meaning;
if not, it is a bound form, so called because …………………………
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. It is always bound to something else. Câu trả lời đúng
b. It is always bound by something else.
c. It is always bound for something else.
d. It is always bound with something else.
Phản hồi
The corect answer is: It is always bound to something else

Because: The whole structure should be “ to be bound to something ”

It will at once be noticed that the root in English is very often homonymous
with the word. This fact is of fundamental importance as
……………………..arising from its general grammatical system on the one
hand, and from its phonemic system on the other
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. It is one of the most specifiable features of the English language.

b. It is one of the most specific features of the English language Câu trả lời đúng

c. It is one of the most specification features of the English language

d. It is one of the most specified features of the English language

Phản hồi
The corect answer is : It is one of the most specific features of the English language

Because: The right and meaningful adjective is “specific”.

Lexicology is …………………. with words, variable word-groups, phraseological

units, and with morphemes which make up words
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Relation
b. Dealt
c. Concerned Câu trả lời đúng
d. Getting on
Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Concerned

Because: the whole structure is “ to be concerned with ”

Descripitive lexicology studies the words at a synchronic aspect. It is

concerned with the vocabulary of a language as they exist at the ……………
time
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Presented
b. Presentation
c. Present Câu trả lời đúng
d. Presenting
Phản hồi
The corect answer is: Present

Because: this phrase is grammatically correct.

General Lexicology is part of General Linguistics; it is concerned with the

study of vocabulary ……………………… the specific features of any particular
language
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Irrespective with
b. Irrespective for
c. Irrespective from
d. Irrespective of Câu trả lời đúng
Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Irrespective of

Because: the whole structure is ” irrespective of ”

An infix is ………………………….placed with in the word, like – n – in stand. The

type is not productive
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. An affixation

b. An affix Câu trả lời đúng

c. An affixational
d. A affix

An English word does not necessarily contain formatives indicating to what

part of speech it belongs. This holds true ………………i.e. nouns, verbs,
adjectives. Not all roots are free forms, but productive roots, i.e. roots
capable of producing new words, usually are
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Even with respect to inflexible parts of speech, Câu trả lời đúng

b. Even with respect about inflexible parts of speech,

c. Even with respect for inflexible parts of speech,

d. Even with respect of inflexible parts of speech,

Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Even with respect to inflexible parts of speech

Because: The right preposition after the phrase “with respect ” is “to”.

A specific group of rhyme-motivated compounds are ablaut motivated

compounds. Ablaut is a term defining …………………..of two elements, e.g.
zigzag; or tick-tock. Ablaut-motivated compounds are used to imitate child-
like speech or to stress interjections
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Vowel changed or alternation

b. Vowel change or alternating

c. Vowel changing or alternation

d. Vowel change or alternation Câu trả lời đúng

Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Vowel change or alternation

Because: This phrase can maintain the parallelism.

Clippings, blendings and acronyms are subclasses of so called “portmanteau

words” ………………..fragments of two or more words
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Which consist in
b.Which consist with

c. Which consist on

d. Which consist of Câu trả lời đúng

Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Which consist of

Because the verb “consist” always goes with the preposition “of”.

…………..may form noun plurals (the Germans); genitive case (headmaster’s);

3rd person singular (speaks); past tense (worked); contracted forms (we´re);
comparatives and superlatives (bigger; the biggest) or participles (speaking).
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Inflective suffixes

b. Inflectionally suffixes

c. Inflectional suffixes Câu trả lời đúng

d. Inflection suffixes

Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Inflectional suffixes

Because: The the right form of the linguistic term is “ Inflectional suffixes ”

A prefix is a derivational morpheme standing before the root and……….., cf.

to hearten – to dishearten. It is only with verbs and statives that a prefix may
serve to distinguish one part of speech from another, like in earth n–unearth
v, sleep n – asleep
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Modifying meaning Câu trả lời đúng

b. Modifier
meaning

c. Modificative meaning

d. Modification meaning
Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Modifying meaning
Because: There should be a gerund in the phrase.

Clipping is ……………………………….in English language which “economises”

words. Clipping “clips”, i.e. shortens lexemes whilst preserves the original
meaning. Basically, any part of the word may be clipped:
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. A relative new trend

b. A relation new trend

c. A related new trend

d. A relatively new trend Câu trả lời đúng

Phản hồi
The corect answer is : A relatively new trend

Because: The right word must be an adverb to modify the adjective new.

Rhyme-motivated compounds are usually composed of two elements. The

major motivating factor is the rhyme, e.g. flower-power; or brain-drain.
Formation of …………………………compounds is a very productive process
excessively used in advertising or journalese style and, consequently in
everyday speech.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Rhyme-motivating

b. Rhyme-motivate

c. Rhyme-motivated Câu trả lời đúng

d. Rhyme-motivation

Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Rhyme-motivated

Because: “Rhyme-motivated ” is the right phrasal structure of a compound adjective.

Blending is also a new, trendy and ……………………..which “blends”, i.e. joins

fragments of two or more words to create a new form. The meaning is being
retained. Enough of the lexeme is usually retained so that the elements are
recognisable.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Eye-caught
process

b. Eye-catched process

c. Eye-catch
process

d. Eye-catching process Câu trả lời đúng

Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Eye-catching process

Because: The right phrase should be “eye-catching”.

…………………., some prefixes express the difference between a transitive and

an intransitive verb: stay v and outstay (smb) v t. With a few exceptions
prefixes modify the stem for time (pre-t post-), place (in-, ad-), negation
(un-, dis-) and remain semantically rather independent of the stem
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Preceding a verb stem Câu trả lời đúng

b. Precedence a verb stem

c. Precede a verb stem

d. To precede a verb stem

Phản hồi
The corect answer is: Preceding a verb stem

Because: This part of the sentence is a present participle.

………………….. related to parts of human body, clothing or instruments

people use. However, the meaning of the converted words may vary from the
meaning of the non-converted words. For example, a skirt denotes a
woman’s garment that hangs from the waist
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Conversion employing a vast number of words

b. Conversion employ a vast number of words

c. Conversion is employed a vast number of words

d. Conversion employs a vast number of words

Câu trả lời đúng

Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Conversion employs a vast number of word

Because: “ Employs” is singularly conjugated with the subject “ conversion”.

Derivational suffixes ……………….of the original word: they may change the
word class, specify the word or generalise it. Most scholars recognise suffixes
forming nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Effective modify the meaning

b. Effectively modify the meaning Câu trả lời đúng

c. Effection
modify the meaning

d. Effectiveness modify the meaning

Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Effectively modify the meaning

Because: The verb should be modified by an adverb.

Unlike roots, affixes are always bound forms……………………………, it will be

remembered, is not confined to their respective position, suffixes being
«fixed after» and prefixes «fixed before» the stem. It also concerns their
function and meaning
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. The difference between suffixation and prefixes

b. The difference between suffixes and prefixation

c. The difference between suffixals and prefixes

d. The difference between suffixes and prefixes Câu trả lời đúng
Phản hồi
The corect answer is : The difference between suffixes and prefixes

Because: The nouns should go side by side in the same form.

The semantic realization of an English word is therefore very specific.

………………………………by the widespread occurrence of homonymy both
among root morphemes and affixes
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Its dependence onto distribution is further enhanced

b. Its dependence on distribution is further enhanced Câu trả lời đúng

c. Its dependence for distribution is further enhanced

d. Its dependence upon distribution is further enhanced

Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Its dependence on distribution is further enhanced

Because: The whole phrase should be “ dependence on “

Some English words can change their word class …………………………. their

form. Thus, they can function as nouns (e.g. a Mother) or as verbs (to mother
somebody) without any affixes or inflections. Such change of a word class
without any derivative means is called conversion
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Without changing their form.

b. Without being changing their form.

c. Without any change their form.

d. Without being changed their form. Câu trả lời không đúng

If we realize that suffixes render the most general semantic component of the
word’s lexical meaning…………, the reason why suffixes are as a rule
semantically fused with the stem stands explained
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. By mark the general class of phenomena to which the referent of the word belongs

b. By marked the general class of phenomena to which the referent of the word
belongs
c. By marking the general class of phenomena to which the referent of the word
belongs Câu trả lời đúng

d. By marker the general class of phenomena to which the referent of the word
belongs

Phản hồi
The corect answer is : By marking the general class of phenomena to which the
referent of the word belongs

Because: After a preposition, there should be a gerund.

A suffix is a ………………….following the stem and forming a new derivative in

a different part of speech or a different word class, cf. – en, – y, – less in
hearten, hearty, heartless
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Derivative morpheme

b. Derived morpheme

c. Derivation morpheme

d. Derivational morpheme Câu trả lời đúng

Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Derivational morpheme

Because: The right term used in the linguistic field is “derivational morpheme ”

Lexicology is …………derivational affixes, the other group being the domain

of grammarians. The derivational affixes in fact, as well as the whole problem
of word-formation, form a boundary area between lexicology and grammar
and are therefore studied in both
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Primarily concerned by

b. Primarily concerned to

c. Primarily concerned of

d. Primarily concerned with Câu trả lời đúng

Phản hồi
The corect answer is : C

Because: The whole phrase is “to be concerned with ”.

…………….lexicography focuses on the design, compilation, use and

evaluation of specialized dictionaries, i.e. dictionaries that are devoted to a
(relatively restricted) set of linguistic and factual elements of one or more
specialist subject fields, e.g. .
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Specialization

b. Special

c. Specialized Câu trả lời đúng

d. Specializing

Phản hồi
The corect answer is: Specialized

Because the right linguistic term is “ Specialized lexicography” .

In an encyclopaedia the entry influenza discloses the causes, symptoms,

characteristics and varieties of this disease, various treatments of and
remedies for it, ways of infection, etc. Though, ……………, it is with linguistic
dictionaries that lexicology is closely connected and in our further
consideration
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Strictly speak

b.Strictly speaking Câu trả lời đúng

c. Strict speaking

d. Strict speak

Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Strictly speaking

Because this phrase is a kind of adverb. to be true, it is the disjunct.

…………………….exist in language and are reproduced in speech as ready-
made units, whereas free word groups or combinations are created in speech
every time we need them.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Set phrases

b. Set expressions Câu trả lời đúng

c. Set sayings

d. Set terms

Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Set expressions

Because the right term in linguistics is “Set expressions ”.

Phraseological fusions are word-groups with a completely changed meaning

but, in contrast to the unities, they are demotivated, that is, their meaning
cannot be …….the meanings of the constituent parts; the metaphor, on which
the shift of m.eaning was based, has lost its clarity and is obscure.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Deduced with

b. Deduced by

c. Deduced from Câu trả lời đúng

d. Đeduced away

Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Deduced from

Because the word “ deduced” always go with the preposition “from”.

Dictionaries of alphabetic languages list words in alphabetical order. With

non-alphabetic languages, it may be different. The order in a dictionary with
ideographic entries such as Chinese character is often troublesome and
……………….because each character has different readings.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Controversy
b. Controversiality

c. Controversial Câu trả lời đúng

d. Controversialy

Phản hồi
The corect answer is: Controversial

Because it should be an adjective.

Phraseological unities are word-groups with a completely changed meaning,

that is, the meaning of the unit does not correspond to the meanings of its
constituent parts. They are ………………or, putting it another way, the
meaning of the whole unit can be deduced from the meanings of the
constituent parts.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Motivated units Câu trả lời đúng

b. Motivation units

c. Motivating units

d. Motivative units

Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Motivated units

Because the right term of linguistics is “motivated units ”

General lexicography ………., use and evaluation of general dictionaries, i.e.

dictionaries that provide a description of the language in general use. Such a
dictionary is usually called a general dictionary or LGP dictionary (Language
for General Purpose).
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Focuses at the design, compilation

b. Focuses about the design, compilation

c. Focuses onto the design, compilation

d. Focuses on the design, compilation Câu trả lời đúng

Phản hồi
The corect answer is: Focuses on the design, compilation

Because the word “focus” goes with the preposition “on”.

Lexicography, the science, of dictionary-compiling, is closely connected with

lexicology, both dealing with the same problems — the form, meaning, usage
and origin of vocabulary units — and making ………………….of each other’s
achievements.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a.Usefulness

b. Useful

c. Use Câu trả lời đúng

d. Useless

Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Use

Because the whole phrase is “ to make use of ”

Criteria of synonymity is interchangeability. ………….that neither the

traditional definition of synonyms nor the new version provide for any
objective criterion of similarity of meaning.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. It should be pointed with

b. It should be pointed out Câu trả lời đúng

c. It should be pointed about

d. It should be pointed at

Phản hồi
The corect answer is : It should be pointed out

Because only the phrase “be pointed out ” is suitable in this sentence.

Metaphor : a figure of speech based on similarity (hidden comparison

between the object/ notion ………………….denoted by the word and the
object/notion in question.).
Metaphor gives freshness and vivacity to speech.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Generally Câu trả lời đúng

b. General

c. Generalized

d. Generalizing

Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Generally

Because this gap needs an adverb.

It is easily observed that the sound form of the word is not ……………….There
is no inherent connection between the sound cluster [d/\v] and the meaning
of the word dove
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Identication with its meaning

b. Identity with its meaning

c. Identical with its meaning Câu trả lời đúng

d. Identified with its meaning

Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Identical with its meaning

Because: “identical” is the right word in the phrase.

……………….distinguishes between the three closely connected components

with meaning, that is 1) the sound-form of the linguistic sign, 2) the concept
underlying this sound form and 3) the referent, i.e. the part or aspect of
reality to which the linguistic sign refers
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Referential Approach Câu trả lời đúng

b. Referred Approach

c. Referent Approach
d. Referring Approach

Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Referential Approach

Because: The right and meaningful linguistic term is Referential.

The modern approach to ……………. the assumption that the inner form of
the word presents a structure which is called the semantic structure of the
word
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Semasiology is based at

b. Semasiology is based on Câu trả lời đúng

c. Semasiology is based onto

d. Semasiology is based with

Phản hồi
The corect answer is: Semasiology is based on

Because: In this phrase the right preposition is “on”

The ……………is the meaning proper to the given linguistic unit in all its forms
and distributions.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. lexically meaning

b. lexical meaning Câu trả lời đúng

c. lexicology meaning

d. lexicological meaning

Phản hồi
The corect answer is : D

Because the right and meaningful one is “lexical meaning ”.

Motivation denotes the relationship between ………..and structural pattern of

the word on the one hand, and its meaning on the other. Motivation can be
of three types: morphological, phonetical and sematic.
 Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. The phonetic or morphemic composition

b. The phonemic or morphemic composition Câu trả lời đúng

c. The phonemic or morpheme composition

d. The phoneme or morphemic composition

Phản hồi
The corect answer is : The phonemic or morphemic composition

Because this phrase follows parallelism.

There are many different types of English dictionaries. First of all they may all
be roughly divided into two groups — encyclopaedic and linguistic. The two
groups of …………………………………differ essentially in the choice of items
included and in the sort of information given about them.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Referential

b. Reference books Câu trả lời đúng

c. Referent

d. Referring books

A compound is a unit of vocabulary which ........................................

...more than one lexical stem. The resulting compound functions as a single item with specific
meaning and grammar
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a.
Consists with

b.
Consists in

c.
Consists by

d.
Consists of
The modern approach to ................ the assumption that the inner form of the word presents a
structure which is called the semantic structure of the word
 Chọn một câu trả lời:
a.
Semasiology is based onto

b.
Semasiology is based at

c.
Semasiology is based on

d.
Semasiology is based with
All major works on semantic theory have so far been based on referential concepts of
meaning. The best known referential model of meaning is .................................
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a.
The first-called "basic triangle"

b.
The so-called "basic triangle"

c.
The then-called "basic triangle"

d.
The too-called "basic triangle"
Some English words can change their word class ................................
.............................. their form. Thus, they can function as nouns (e.g. a Mother) or as verbs (to
mother somebody) without any affixes or inflections. Such change of a word class without any
derivative means is called conversion
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a.
Without changing their form.

b.
Without being changing their form.

c.
Without being changed their form.

d.
Without any change their form.
A metaphor is a figure of speech that refers to something as being the same as another thing
for rhetorical effect. It may provide ................................... ................hidden similarities
between two ideas. Where a compares two items, a metaphor directly equates them, and
does not use "like" or "as" as does a simile.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a.
Clarifying or identify

b.
Clarity or identify

c.
Clarity or identification

d.
Clarity or identifying