Department of Education

National Capital Region

8 SCHOOL S DIVISION OFFICE

MARIK INA CITY

Special Science Program

Research II
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Types of Research

Writer: Apolonia A. Solon

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 This module was designed to identify and discuss some types of research. The
objective of this module is to give primary knowledge about some types of research
that will be used in succeeding learning situations. The terms and vocabulary words
used are within the levels of the users.

This specific module will help you categorize research in terms of features and
relevance (SSP_RS8-TSR-Ia-2).

After going through this module, the learners are specifically expected to:

1. identify and describe types of research according to goals

2. familiarize with the types of research according to statistical content
3. classify different research studies or topics
4. give examples of different research studies or topics

A. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in a separate sheet
of paper.

1. This research is also known as statistical research and utilizes inferential

statistics to determine the outcomes of a study. Which kind of research is
described on the previous sentence?
A. Basic Research C. Quantitative Research
B. Qualitative Research D. Scientific Research

2. Chemist and physicist Robert Boyle formulated a law in 1662 which states that
the pressure of an ideal gas increases as its container volume decreases. What
type of research best shows this?
A. Applied Research C. Developmental Research
B. Basic Research D. Quantitative Research

3. A new method of creating soap from pineapple peelings was developed. This
new procedure reduces pollutants and foul odor to the surrounding
environment. Which categorization of research shows this?
A. Applied Research C. Developmental Research
B. Basic Research D. Scientific Research

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4. What type of research according to goal mainly aims to find basic scientific
truths or principles?
A. Applied Research C. Quantitative Research
B. Basic Research D. Statistical Research

5. _________________ does not use the ideas of numbers or statistics. In this kind of
research, illustrative data are gathered rather than numerical data.
A. Applied Research C. Qualitative Research
B. Developmental Research D. Quantitative Research

6. Which type of research according to goal seeks new applications of pure

scientific understanding to solve a current problem?
A. Applied Research C. Qualitative Research
B. Basic Research D. Quantitative Research

7. It is a type of research according to goal that is based on decisions. It involves

using the steps of the scientific method to answer or provide for an existing
need or enhance current methods. Which type of research is this?
A. Basic Research C. Scientific Research
B. Developmental Research D. Statistical Research

8. The research title: “Socioeconomic Status and Academic Rank of Professors in

State Universities and Colleges at the National Capital Region” can be classified
according to statistical content as __________________.
A. Basic Research C. Qualitative Research
B. Applied Research D. Quantitative Research

9. The research title: The Yield of Lettuce Planted in Pots Using Inorganic and
Organic Fertilizers is under which type of research according to statistical
content?
A. Applied Research C. Qualitative Research
B. Developmental Research D. Quantitative Research

10. Today, “puto” cheese have been sold locally or distributed to other
buyers/sellers. This product can be improved by performing more studies of
utilizing seaweed or squash as its ingredients. Which type of research should be
conducted?
A. Applied Research C. Developmental Research
B. Basic Research D. Statistical Research

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 Lesson
Types of Research
2

Categorical to Progressive
On the previous module, we studied the nature of research by identifying some
of its specific goals, importance, and characteristics. Understanding these concepts
could help us conduct research in an orderly manner, making our findings and
conclusions be logical, empirical, precise, and definite.
Aside from understanding its nature, we can also improve our research by
knowing some research categories. These categories could help us solidify our aim and
improve the coherence of our research studies. The specific values of research (that we
studied in the previous module) are enumerable in all kinds of industries. They can
also be classified according to the specific field or industry that they influence the
most. The specific goals of research (also studied in the previous module) could be
categorized by what they generally aim.
Types of research gives significant difference in many ways. For example,
trinitrotoluene compound, also known as TNT, was initially produced as nitrate
cellulose to improve fabric quality. TNT was then categorized as research to that
improves existing products. But as we know today, TNT is used as an explosive. Such
product being categorized as military application still raises doubts and controversy.

Ding, Quek Joo. TriNitroToluene (TNT), the Google Images. Google. Accessed October 9, 2020.
Mistaken Dynamite., January 1, 1970. https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=htt
http://jaydenchemistry.blogspot.com/20 ps%3A%2F%2Fwebstockreview.net%2Fimage
15/07/trinitrotoluene-tnt-compound- s%2Fclipart-explosion-dynamite-
which-is.html. 11.png%2Ctrinitrotoluene+explosion.

It is the responsibility of the researchers to improve the quality of human life.

To achieve this goal, we need to classify several research studies to their specific types
and maximize progressive results. Understanding research categories is one of the
steps in making research that aims progress.

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Activity 1: Gibber Jabber

A. Read the following set of words quickly. A small change in the pronunciation
on these set of words could result to the pronunciation of one correct word.
Can you identify the correct words? Write your answers on a separate sheet
of paper. The first one is given as an example.

Correct Words

phone the men tall Fundamental

1. coo one teeth ate eve __________________________
2. bay sick __________________________
3. up leek a shown __________________________
4. coo wall it eight eave __________________________
5. stat is tick all __________________________
6. up lied __________________________
7. the bell of mental __________________________
8. desk rip thieve __________________________

Research comes in many forms. Research topics and studies can be categorized
by their purpose, goal, scope, statistical content, and many others. Now, we only focus
on the types of research that are included in two (2) categories: Research According to
Goal, and Research According to Statistical Content.

Types of Research According to Goal

1. Basic Research

Basic research, also called "fundamental research" or “pure research", seeks to

discover basic scientific truths or principles. Basic research mainly aims to add to the
body of scientific knowledge by discovering facts, principles, and any scientific
information beyond the boundaries of knowledge. It also intends to verify or learn
more about any established scientific fact that we have today, without any specific
thought to a direct practical utility. In other words, the results of basic research are
considered as theoretical knowledge and have no direct importance to man.

Example:

Archimedes (287-212 BCE) was a Greek mathematician and mechanical

engineer. He was a pioneer in both fields and considered many centuries ahead of his

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colleagues. Today, he is best known for
formulating Archimedes' Principle. This law
is also known as the law of buoyancy.
Archimedes also observed many other laws
of physics and recorded these observations
as mathematical theorems.

What is Archimedes Principle? “The

Archimedes’ principle states that
any object immersed in a fluid is acted
upon by an upward, or buoyant, force
equal to the weight of the fluid displaced
by the object” (Vanstone, 2019) Ross, Rachel. “Eureka! The Archimedes Principle.”
LiveScience. Purch, April 26, 2017.
https://www.livescience.com/58839-
2. Applied Research archimedes-principle.html.

Applied research seeks new applications of pure scientific knowledge to solve an

existing problem. After discovering some basic scientific truths and principles,
researchers apply their discoveries to make new scientific applications such as the
development of a new system or procedure, new device, new method, etc. In applied
research, there exists an immediate problem, and the new applications are applied in
order to solve the problem. In other words, the results of applied research are
considered as practical knowledge and have direct importance to man.

Example:

Around 1840, the idea of dissolving animal bones to extract nutrients was
suggested by Justus von Liebig, who is often described as the “father of the fertilizer
industry”. Liebig promoted the idea of essential nutrients needed for all plant growth
and the law of the minimum, stating how plants relied on the scarcest nutrient
resource instead of the total resources available. He is also credited for developing the
first nitrogen-based fertilizer.

In the Philippines, fish bones (made up of scraps from boneless milkfish, tilapia
fillet, canned sardines, canned tuna, etc.) were identified as wastes by food factories,
markets, etc. These wastes produce unhealthy smells and odors that cause great
problems to nearby communities. To solve this problem, we now dissolve these fish
bones along with fish offal to extract their nutrients. The finished products from fish
bones (plant fertilizer, animal feed) are now used by many farmers in their industry.

“Drammatic Organic Fertilizer.” DRAMM. Accessed October 6, 2020.

http://www.dramm.com/html/main.isx?sub=422.

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3. Developmental Research

Developmental research is a decision-oriented research which involves using

the steps of the scientific method to answer or provide for an existing need, or to
enhance current methods. A research can be classified as developmental research if
the researcher continues to find real applications from existing knowledge (both
theoretical and practical) and use this existing knowledge to produce useful products.
Research and development studies often refers to activities in this type and is
performed or supported by funding agencies.

Example:

Seaweed species of Eucheuma (Eucheuma cottonii and E. spinosum or

Kappaphycus and Denticulatum) are gathered to make the main raw material in the
production of carrageenan, a natural red seaweed extract which has several
applications in processed food and non-food items. Many coastal areas in the islands
of the Philippines have ideal conditions
to produce these seaweeds. However,
these coastal areas are also prone to
typhoons, strong winds and waves,
making seaweed production difficult.

The lantay method was developed

to answer this problem. This method
was perfected by the Marine Colloid
Seaweeds of the Philippines Inc. (MCPI)
of Cebu. With this method, the
production of seaweeds becomes
possible even in rough waters and open
seas. The lantay method uses a square
floating bed enclosed in a net where
Ricohermoso, Maximo A., Pedro B. Bueno, and Virgilia seaweed plantlets are strewn freely to
T. Sulit. “Maximizing Opportunities in Seaweeds
Farming,” November 1, 2008. grow. The net keeps the plants inside
even if the waves are strong.

Types of Research According to Statistical Content

1. Quantitative Research

Quantitative research, also known as statistical research, utilizes inferential

statistics to determine the outcomes of a study. It uses measurable data to formulate
facts and find patterns in a research study. Different methods of inferential statistics
are used to test a hypothesis. This type of research also frequently includes
comparison studies, cost-effect relationships, and many others.

Example:

Aside from being an example of field experimental research, the research title
on the next page (Calmorin, 13) could also be categorized as quantitative research
because it deals with numerical data such as weight, mean weight, yield, etc.

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 YIELD OF KAPPAPHYCUS CULTURED IN GUIMARAS MARINE
WATERS USING LANTAY METHOD AND HANGING METHOD

The above study is a kind of field experimental research because Kappaphycus

are cultured in its natural environment or habitat-in marine waters-using lantay and
hanging methods. The specific research problems are as follows:

1. What is the weight of

Kappaphycus cultured in
Guimaras marine waters using
lantay method and hanging
method?

2. Which method of culturing

Kappaphycus has higher yield?

3. Is there a significant difference

in the mean weight or yield of
Hayashi, Leila. “The Seaweed Site: Information on
Kappaphycus cultured in Marine Algae.” Seaweed.ie :: Eucheuma
Guimaras marine waters using cultivation. Accessed October 9, 2020.
lantay method and hanging http://seaweed.ie/aquaculture/eucheuma_intro
duction.php.
method?

2. Qualitative Research

Qualitative Research does not use the concepts of quantities or statistics. In

this type of research, descriptive data are gathered rather than quantitative data.
Qualitative Research is mainly exploratory research and is used to understand
reasons, opinions, and motivations. It also provides insights into the problem that can
help develop ideas or hypotheses for potential quantitative research.

Example:

Aside from being an example of field research, the research title below
(Calmorin, 13) could also be categorized as qualitative research because it deals with
descriptive data and classification.

TAXONOMY OF HERBAL PLANTS AND THEIR USES FOUND IN ILOILO CITY

This study is an example of a field

research because the researcher collects
herbal plants found in Iloilo City, their
natural environment. This study falls
under descriptive research, particularly
descriptive classification because the
researcher identifies and classifies the
herbal plants from Phylum to species and
local names. The uses of each herbal plant
are discussed comprehensively.
Gierran, Rea. “16-Year-Old Girl from Iloilo Discovers a
Potential Cure for Diabetes.” Rappler, June 7, 2019.
https://r3.rappler.com/brandrap/goodrap/232467-
girl-iloilo-discovers-potential-diabetes-cure.

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Activity 2: Turning Back

A. From the previous module, we identified several goals of research according to

Calderon and Gonzales. On this module, we now have studied the several types
of research according to goal. Classify the specific purposes and goals of
research (below) as basic research, applied research or developmental research.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Improve existing techniques and develop new instruments or products.

2. Provide basis for decision-making in business, industry, education, government
and in other undertakings.
3. Satisfy the researcher’s curiosity.
4. Find answers to queries by means of scientific methods.
5. Expand or verify existing knowledge.

B. Turning back tells history. It shows us old lessons that are still useful today.
Below are classic examples of research achieving their specific goals at their
times. Classify them according to goals and explain why they belong to that
type. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Around 1856, Emperor Napoleon III

hired Louis Pasteur to save France's
wine industry from the "diseases of
wine" which causes their wine to spoil
early. In Pasteur’s studies, he
identified that yeast (a living organism)
causes alcohol fermentation. Under
the microscope, he noticed a change in
the shape of these organisms when
the alcohol spoils. Pasteur had
discovered that heating the fermented “A Brief Summary of Louis Pasteur's Germ
Theory of Disease,” July 12, 2013.
wine would kill the microbes and https://biologywise.com/louis-
organisms that caused it to spoil. He pasteurs-germ-theory-of-disease.
patented the process and called
it pasteurization.

2. Hooke's Law, a principle of physics,

states that the force needed to extend
or compress a spring by some distance
is proportional to that distance. This
law is named after 17th century
British physicist Robert Hooke, who
demonstrated the relationship between
the external forces applied to a spring
and its elasticity.
Williams, Matt. “What Is Hooke's Law?” Phys.org.
Phys.org, February 16, 2015.
https://phys.org/news/2015-02-law.html.

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 3. In 1962, Nick Holonyack developed the first visible light LED. Using gallium
arsenide phosphide as a substrate for the diode, Holonyack developed a red
LED which is considered the first of its type. This creation starts a significant
development in the LED lighting industry and a deviation from the inefficient
CFL and incandescent lighting. Holonyack has gained the honor of the name
"Father of the Light Emitting Diode" for his great contribution in lighting
technology.

Activity 3: Today I Have Learned…

A. Accomplish the given “Language Frame” below based on what you have
understood in the lesson. Rewrite the language frame with your answers in a
separate sheet of paper.
Language Frame

Today I have learned the following:

- Research may be categorized according to _____________________________.

- Basic research can be defined as ______________________________________.

- Applied research focuses on __________________________________________.

- Developmental research aims to ______________________________________.

- Quantitative research is different from qualitative research since _______

______________________________________________________________________.

- ________________________________________ are some examples of

numerical data that can be found in quantitative research.

- ________________________________________ are some examples of

descriptive data that can be found in qualitative research.

Rubrics for Scoring

Excellent Adequate Limited
Criteria
3 2 1
Has included the complete Has included the complete Has included incomplete
Details and Information answers and correct answers and some answers and more
concepts corrections on concepts corrections on concepts

Well- prepared with a Variety of ways/ skill

Limited ways/ skill used
variety of ways/ skill used used to create an
and create inadequate
Techniques/ Creativity to create a powerful adequate context
context (explanation)
context (explanation) (explanation) about the
about the lesson
about the lesson lesson
The information contains The information contains The information contains
Accuracy/
essentially no errors which errors which somewhat many errors which limit
Following given
interfere with the clarity of interferes with the clarity of the clarity of
Instructions
communication communication communication

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Activity 4: Types of Today’s

A. Many studies and researches today are made as response to the COVID-19
pandemic. In the field of medicine, what type/types of research do you think
is/are utilized the most? Write and explain your answer/answers on a separate
sheet of paper.

B. Surely, you would encounter numerous examples of research titles as you

identify your own research title. Because of that, you should be able to
categorize research studies from their titles alone. Classify the following titles
below as qualitative research or quantitative research. Write your answers in a
separate sheet of paper.

1. The Effectiveness of Teaching Science Using Two Traditional Methods and Two
Modern Methods
2. Public and Private School Teachers Job Satisfaction in Region 9 (Western
Mindanao)
3. Problems Met by Teachers in the Implementation of K to 12 Curriculum in
Public and Private Schools in Iloilo City
4. The Yield of Lettuce Planted in Pots Using Inorganic and Organic Fertilizers
5. Mathematics Achievement Pattern of Grade 1 to 7 Students at the Santa Isabel
International School in Iloilo City
6. The Effect of Planting Palay Using Inorganic Fertilizer, Night Soil, and Chicken
Dung as Organic Fertilizers
7. Survival Rate of Culturing Koi in Aquarium Using Fish Meal and Bread Meal as
Supplemental Feeds

Bellis, Mary. “Who Invented LED or the Light Emitting Diode?” ThoughtCo. Accessed
October 6, 2020. https://www.thoughtco.com/led-light-emitting-diode-1992081.

Calderon, Jose F., and Expectacion C. Gonzales. “Introduction.” In Methods of

Research and Thesis Writing, 4-6, 11-13. Mandaluyong City: National Bookstore,
Inc., 2008.

Calmorin, Laurentina Paler-, and Melchor A. Calmorin. “Meaning and Characteristics

of Research.” In Research Methods and Thesis Writing Second Edition, 12–13.
Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc., 2007.

Calmorin, Laurentina Paler. Research and Thesis Writing With Statistics Computer
Application. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc., 2016.

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DeFranzo, Susan E. “Difference between Qualitative and Quantitative Research.” Snap
Surveys Blog, September 7, 2020.
https://www.snapsurveys.com/blog/qualitative-vs-quantitative-research/.

Ricohermoso, Maximo A., Pedro B. Bueno, and Virgilia T. Sulit. “Maximizing

Opportunities in Seaweeds Farming,” November 1, 2008.

Ross, Rachel. “Eureka! The Archimedes Principle.” LiveScience. Purch, April 26, 2017.
https://www.livescience.com/58839-archimedes-principle.html.

“Seaweed Farming Now Possible in Rough Waters.” philstar.com. Accessed October 6,

2020.
https://www.philstar.com/business/agriculture/2004/06/13/253676/seaweed-
farming-now-possible-rough-waters.

Vanstone, Emma. “What Is the Archimedes' Principle? - Science Questions for Kids,”
September 17, 2019. https://www.science-sparks.com/what-is-the-archimedes-
principle/.

White, Carol. “How Pasteurization Works.” HowStuffWorks Science. HowStuffWorks,

February 25, 2020. https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/cellular-
microscopic/pasteurization1.htm.

Williams, Matt. “What Is Hooke's Law?” Phys.org. Phys.org, February 16, 2015.
https://phys.org/news/2015-02-law.html.

A. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in a separate sheet
of paper.

1. Chemist and physicist Robert Boyle formulated a law in 1662 which states that
the pressure of an ideal gas increases as its container volume decreases. What
type of research best shows this?
A. Applied Research C. Developmental Research
B. Basic Research D. Quantitative Research

2. Which type of research according to goal seeks new applications of pure

scientific understanding to solve a current problem?
A. Applied Research C. Qualitative Research
B. Basic Research D. Quantitative Research

3. This research is also known as statistical research and utilizes inferential

statistics to determine the outcomes of a study. Which kind of research is
described on the previous sentence?
A. Basic Research C. Quantitative Research
B. Qualitative Research D. Scientific Research

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4. It is a type of research according to goal that is based on decisions. It involves
using the steps of the scientific method to answer or provide for an existing
need or enhance current methods. Which type of research is this?
A. Basic Research C. Scientific Research
B. Developmental Research D. Statistical Research

5. _________________ does not use the ideas of numbers or statistics. In this kind of
research, illustrative data are gathered rather than numerical data.

A. Applied Research C. Qualitative Research

B. Developmental Research D. Quantitative Research

6. What type of research according to goal mainly aims to find basic scientific
truths or principles?
A. Applied Research C. Quantitative Research
B. Basic Research D. Statistical Research

7. The research title: “Socioeconomic Status and Academic Rank of Professors in

State Universities and Colleges at the National Capital Region” can be classified
according to statistical content as __________________.
A. Basic Research C. Qualitative Research
B. Applied Research D. Quantitative Research

8. Today, “puto” cheese have been sold locally or distributed to other

buyers/sellers. This product can be improved by performing more studies of
utilizing seaweed or squash as its ingredients. Which type of research should be
conducted?
A. Applied Research C. Developmental Research
B. Basic Research D. Statistical Research

9. The research title: The Yield of Lettuce Planted in Pots Using Inorganic and
Organic Fertilizers is under which type of research according to statistical
content?
A. Applied Research C. Qualitative Research
B. Developmental Research D. Quantitative Research

10. A new method of creating soap from pineapple peelings was developed. This
new procedure reduces pollutants and foul odor that affects surrounding
environment. Which categorization of research shows this?
A. Applied Research C. Developmental Research
B. Basic Research D. Scientific Research

13
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 DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
City of Good Character
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Activity 4: How Well Do I Know Me?
A. Answers may vary (Essay)
B. 1. Quantitative
2. Qualitative
3. Qualitative
4. Quantitative
5. Qualitative
6. Quantitative
7. Quantitative
Activity 3: Today I Have Learned…
A. Answers may vary (Language Frame)
Today I have learned the following:
- Research may be categorized according to their goals, scope, statistical content, and many others.
- Basic research can be defined as a type of research according to goal, that mainly aims to find
basic scientific truths or principles.
- Applied research focuses on applying basic scientific knowledge to create a new product or
procedure that is immediately useful to man.
- Developmental research aims to solve existing problems by developing/improving products and
procedures with the use of basic and applied scientific knowledge.
- Quantitative research is different from qualitative research since quantitative research deals with
numerical data while qualitative research deals with descriptive data.
- Length, weight, time, and voltage are some examples of numerical data that can be found in
quantitative research.
- Color, shape, texture, smell, and age are some examples of descriptive data that can be found in
qualitative research.
Activity 2: Turning Back Activity 1: Gibber Jabber
A. 1. Applied Research A. 1. Quantitative
2. Developmental Research 2. Basic
3. Applied Research 3. Application
4. Developmental Research 4. Qualitative
5. Basic Research 5. Statistical
6. Applied
B. Answers may vary 7. Developmental
1. Applied Research 8. Descriptive
-Because it applies basic scientific knowledge to create a new procedure.
2. Basic Research
-Because the research study only aims to seek a new scientific principle.
3. Developmental Research
-Because it aims to develop an existing product using basic scientific
knowledge with the help of newer procedure, and products.
 Development Team of the Module

Writers: Apolonia A. Solon

Editors:
Content Editors: Mary Ann N. Taway
Nancy E. Suegay
Jessica S. Mateo
Language Editor: Nancy E. Suegay

Reviewers: Validators from PNU

Illustrator:
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Jessica S. Mateo
EPS-Science

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

EPS – LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: sdo.marikina@deped.gov.ph

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikinaity, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 8-682-2472 / 8-682-3989

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