Pointers For Practical Research 2

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POINTERS FOR PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 factors like the researchers’ personal insights

about the topic are always set aside and


WHAT IS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH? filtered out.
Quantitative Research is the systematic 4. The numerical data can be analyzed
empirical investigation of social phenomena quickly and easily and findings can be
that is presented through statistical, generalized to the population where
mathematical or numerical data or information is necessary by employing
computational techniques. statistically valid random models.
5. Quantitative studies are replicable. These can
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE be a basis for another related topic for study
RESEARCH since standardized approaches can be used
1. It is objective since it seeks accurate or replicated in different areas with
measurement and analysis of target concepts. formulation of comparable findings.
2. It has clearly defined research 6. Quantitative experiments are useful for
questions because at the beginning, the testing the results gained from series of
researchers already know what they should qualitative experiments, leading to a final
look for. answer, and narrowing down various
3. It has structured research instruments directions to be followed.
that guides data collection to ensure
accuracy, reliability and validity of data. WEAKNESSES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
4. The numerical data are presented through 1. Quantitative research requires larger number
figures, tables, and graphs to allow you to of respondents. In a qualitative research, it is
see results easily. assumed that the larger the sample is, the more
5. Large sample sizes are used to arrive at more statistically accurate the findings are.
reliable data analysis and results. 2. It is costly. Due to the fact that there
6. Quantitative methods can be repeated to are more respondents needed, the expenses
verify findings in another setting and also to allotted for reaching out these people and for
strengthen validity of findings. reproducing questionnaires or survey forms will
7. Since quantitative research puts emphasis be greater compared to that of qualitative
on proof rather than discovery, scenarios researches.
that may occur in the future may already have 3. The information that serves as contextual
advanced results. factors to help interpret the results or explain
variations are usually ignored.
STRENGTHS and WEAKNESSES OF 4. Limited information can be gathered
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH when using structured research instruments,
specifically on sensitive issues like pre-
STRENGHTS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH marital sex, domestic violence, among others.
1. It is objective. This research is considered 5. If not done seriously and correctly,
to be the most reliable and valid way of data from questionnaires may be
concluding results since the results are incomplete and inaccurate since some
based on facts which have been analyzed and respondents might not answer truthfully.
have undergone systematic procedures.
2. Using statistical techniques help you KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS
arrive with sophisticated analyses and allow Research design is about the overall strategy
you to comprehend huge amount of data that that researchers choose in order to integrate
are vital to the study. the different components of the study in a
3. This type of research is real and unbiased coherent and logical way, ensuring also that
since this is properly designed and external
you will effectively address the research the setting is controlled. Meaning, the data is
problem. observed and gathered the way it is.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN
This allows the researcher to control the The Types of Descriptive Design are as follow:
situation. In doing so, it allows the SURVEY
researcher to answer the question, “What It is used to gather information from groups of
causes something to occur?” This kind of people by selecting and studying samples
research also allows the researcher to chosen from a population.
identify the cause and effect relationships
between variables and to distinguish CORRELATIONAL
placebo effects from treatment effects. It is conducted by researchers whose aim is to
Furthermore, this research design supports find out the direction, associations and/or
the ability to limit alternative explanations and relationship between different variables or
to infer direct causal relationships in the study. groups of respondents under study.

PRE-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN EX-POST FACTO or CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE


A type of research applies to experimental This kind of research derives conclusion
design that with least internal validity. One from observations and manifestations that
type of pre-experiment is the simple group already occurred in the past and now
design or commonly known as the pretest- compared to some dependent variables. It
post-test design. discusses why and how a phenomenon occurs.

QUASI – EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN COMPARATIVE


In this design, the researcher can collect more It involves comparing and contrasting two or
data, either by scheduling more observations more samples of study subjects on one or more
or finding more existing measures. Quasi- variables, often at a single point of time.
experimental design involves selecting groups, Specifically, this design is used to compare two
upon which a variable is tested, without any distinct groups on the basis of selected
random pre-selection processes. attributes such as knowledge level,
perceptions, and attitudes, physical or
TRUE-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN psychological symptoms.
It controls both time-related and group- Example: A comparative Study on the Health
related threats. Two features mark true Problems among Rural and Urban People in
experiments which means two or more Ilocos Region, Philippines.
differently groups are treated or random
assignments are given to both groups and NORMATIVE
from those, results are obtained. This It describes the norm level of characteristics for
research design requires the researchers to a given behavior.
have control over the experimental Example: If you are conducting a research
treatment and the power to place subjects to on the study habits of the high school
the groups. students, you are to use the range of score to
describe the level of their study habits. The
NON-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN same true is when you would want to describe
In this kind of design, the researcher their academic performance.
observes the phenomena by the way it
occurs naturally, and also, this kind of research
does not introduce external variables.
Furthermore, variables are not manipulated nor
EVALUATIVE
It is a process used to determine what has
happened during a given activity or in an
institution. The purpose of evaluation is to
see if a given program is working, an
institution is successful according to the
goals set for it, or the original intent was
successfully attained. In other words, in
evaluation judgments can be in the forms of
social utility, desirability, or effectiveness of a
process.
Example: A test of children in school is used to
assess the effectiveness of teaching or the
deployment of a curriculum.

METHODOLOGICAL
In this approach, the implementation of a
variety of methodologies forms a critical part of
achieving the goal of developing a scale
matched approach, where data from different
disciplines can be integrated.
Example: Assessing of confidential information
of respondents about the performance in their
workplace.

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