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    Eras of Philosophy

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    ravi bunga
    The document outlines the major eras and periods of Western philosophy from ancient to modern times. It divides Western philosophy into three main eras - ancient, medieval, and modern. Within these eras, it further breaks down the major historical periods and lists the prominent philosophers and philosophical schools within each period. It concludes with a brief overview of the broad influences and characteristics of Western philosophy compared to Eastern philosophies over the centuries.

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    Eras of Philosophy

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    ravi bunga
    43 views6 pages
    The document outlines the major eras and periods of Western philosophy from ancient to modern times. It divides Western philosophy into three main eras - ancient, medieval, and modern. Within these eras, it further breaks down the major historical periods and lists the prominent philosophers and philosophical schools within each period. It concludes with a brief overview of the broad influences and characteristics of Western philosophy compared to Eastern philosophies over the centuries.

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    History philosophy is presented in few tables

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    ERAS OF PHILOSOPHY

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    The document outlines the major eras and periods of Western philosophy from ancient to modern times. It divides Western philosophy into three main eras - ancient, medieval, and modern. Within these eras, it further breaks down the major historical periods and lists the prominent philosophers and philosophical schools within each period. It concludes with a brief overview of the broad influences and characteristics of Western philosophy compared to Eastern philosophies over the centuries.

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    43 views6 pages

    Eras of Philosophy

    Uploaded by

    ravi bunga
    The document outlines the major eras and periods of Western philosophy from ancient to modern times. It divides Western philosophy into three main eras - ancient, medieval, and modern. Within these eras, it further breaks down the major historical periods and lists the prominent philosophers and philosophical schools within each period. It concludes with a brief overview of the broad influences and characteristics of Western philosophy compared to Eastern philosophies over the centuries.

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    A GLIMPSE OF WESTERN PHILOSOPHY

    PREPARED BY Dr.B,Ravi Babu

    For convenience, history of Western philosophy can be divided into 

    three main eras:

    1. ANCIENT 2. MEDIEVAL 3. MODERN

    Within these eras, the following major historical periods are often identified:

    Ancient: (7th Century B.C. - 5th Century A.D.)


    Pre-Socratic (7th - 5th Century B.C.)
    Socratic (5th - 4th Century B.C.)
    Hellenistic (3rd Century B.C. - 3th Century A.D.)
    Roman (1st Century B.C. - 5th Century A.D.)

    Medieval: (6th - 16th Century)


    Medieval (6th - 14th Century)
    Renaissance (15th - 16th Century)

    Modern: (17th - 20th Century)


    Age of Reason (17th Century)
    Age of Enlightenment (18th Century)
    Modern (19th - 20th Century)
    THE LIST OF PHILOSOPHERS AND SCHOOLS IN THEIR RESPECTIVE
    ERAS

    ANCIENT

    PRE-SOCRATIC PHILOSOPHERS SCHOOLS


    Thales of Miletos (c. 624 - 546 B.C.) Greek
    Anaximander (c. 610 - 546 B.C.) Greek Milesian School,
    Anaximenes (c. 585 - 525 B.C.) Greek Eleatic School,
    Pythagoras (c. 570 - 490 B.C.) Greek Ephesian School,
    Heraclitus (c. 535 - 475 B.C.) Greek Pluralism,
    Parmenides of Elea (c. 515 - 450 B.C.) Greek Pythagoreanism,
    Anaxagoras (c. 500 - 428 B.C.) Greek Sophism and
    Empedocles (c. 490 - 430 B.C.) Greek Atomism
    Zeno of Elea (c. 490 - 430 B.C.) Greek
    Protagoras (c. 490 - 420 B.C.) Greek
    Gorgias (c. 487 - 376 B.C.) Greek
    Democritus (c. 460 - 370 B.C.) Greek

    SOCRATIC PHILOSOPHERS SCHOOLS


    Socrates (464 - 399 B.C.) Greek Cynicism,
    Plato (c. 428 - 348 B.C.) Greek Hedonism,
    Diogenes of Sinope (c. 412 - 323 B.C.) Greek Platonism and
    Aristotle (384 - 322 B.C.) Greek Aristotelianism

    HELLENISTIC PHILOSOPHERS SCHOOLS


    Pyrrho (c. 360 - 270 B.C.) Greek Stoicism,
    Epicurus (341 - 270 B.C.) Greek Skepticism,
    Zeno of Citium (334 - 262 B.C.) Greek Epicureanism and
    Philo of Alexandria (20 B.C. - A.D. 50) Neo-Platonism
    Egyptian-Jewish
    Plotinus (A.D. 205 - 270) Egyptian-Greek

    ROMAN PHILOSOPHERS SCHOOLS


    Cicero, Marcus Tullius (106-43 BCE) Roman Stoicism,
    Epictetus (c .A.D 55-135) Greek-Roman Neo-Platonism
    An Marcus Aurelius (A.D 121-180)Roman Cynicism,
    St. Augustine of Hippo (A.D. 354 - 430) Roman
    Boethius (c. A.D. 480 - 525) Roman
    MEDIEVAL

    MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHERS SCHOOLS


    Avicenna (Ibn Sina) (980 - 1037) Persian
    Anselm, St. (1033 - 1109) Italian Scholasticism
    Abelard, Peter (1079 - 1142) French Thomism 
    Averroes (Ibn Rushd) (1126 - 1198) Spanish-Arabic Scotism,
    Maimonides (1135 - 1204) Spanish-Jewish Averroism, 
    Albertus Magnus (c. 1206 - 1280) German Avicennism
    Bacon, Roger (c. 1214 - 1294) English Illuminationism.
    Aquinas, St. Thomas (1225 - 1274) Italian
    Scotus, John Duns (c. 1266 - 1308) Scottish
    Ockham (Occam), William of (c. 1285 - 1348) English

    RENAISSANCE PHILOSOPHERS SCHOOLS


    Erasmus, Desiderius (1466 - 1536) Dutch
    Machiavelli, Niccolo (1469 - 1527) Italian Scholasticism 
    More, Sir Thomas (1478 - 1535) English Humanism
    Bacon, Sir Francis (1561 - 1626) English

    MODERN

    AGE OF REASON PHILOSOPHERS SCHOOL


    Hobbes, Thomas (1588 - 1679) English Scholasticism 
    Descartes, René (1596 - 1650) French Rationalism
    Pascal, Blaise (1623 - 1662) French British Empiricism
    Spinoza, Baruch (Benedict) (1623 - 1677) Dutch-Jewish Age of Enlightenment
    Locke, John (1632 - 1704) English
    Malebranche, Nicolas (1638 - 1715) French
    Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646 - 1716) German

    AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT PHILOSOPHERS SCHOOLS


    Berkeley, Bishop George (1685 - 1753) Irish British Empiricism, 
    Voltaire (François Marie Arouet) (1694 - 1778) French Rationalism  
    Hume, David (1711 - 1776) Scottish Kantianism 
    Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712 - 1778) Swiss-French Political Philosophy.
    Smith, Adam (1723 - 1790) Scottish
    Kant, Immanuel (1724 - 1804) German
    Burke, Edmund (1729 - 17
    MODERN PHILOSOPHERS SCHOOLS
    Bentham, Jeremy (1749 - 1832) English German Idealism,
    Fichte, Johann Gottlieb (1762 - 1814) German Kantianism
    Hegel, G.W.F. (1770 - 1831) German Romanticism,
    Friedrich Schelling (1775 - 1854) German Continental Philosophy,
    Schopenhauer, Arthur (1788 - 1860) German Hegelianism,
    Comte, Auguste (1798 - 1857) French Transcendentalism,
    Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1803 - 1882) American Existentialism,
    Mill, John Stuart (1806 - 1873) English
    Marxism,
    Kierkegaard, Søren (1813 - 1855) Danish
    Modernism,
    Thoreau, Henry David (1817 - 1862) American
    Positivism,
    Marx, Karl (1818 - 1883) German
    Peirce, Charles Sanders (1839 - 1914) American Utilitarianism,
    James, William (1842 - 1910) American Pragmatism,
    Nietzsche, Friedrich (1844 - 1900) German Analytic Philosophy,
    Frege, Gottlob (1848 - 1925) German Logical Positivism,
    Dewey, John (1859 - 1952) American Ordinary Language
    Husserl, Edmund (1859 - 1938) German Philosophy, Logicism,
    Whitehead, Alfred North (1861 - 1947) English Phenomenology,
    Russell, Bertrand (1872 - 1970) English Structuralism, Post-
    Moore, George Edward (1873 - 1958) English Structuralism,
    Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1889 - 1951) Austrian
    Heidegger, Martin (1889 - 1976) German Post-Modernism and
    Ryle, Gilbert (1900 - 1976) English Deconstructionism,
    Sartre, Jean-Paul (1905 - 1980) French
    Quine, Willard Van Orman (1908 - 2000) American
    Ayer, Alfred (1910 - 1989) English
    Foucault, Michel (1926 - 1984) French
    Derrida, Jacques (1930 - 2004) French

    Western Philosophy refers to philosophical thinking in the Western or


    Occidental world, (beginning with Ancient Greece and Rome, extending
    through central and western Europe and, since Columbus, the Americas) as
    opposed to Eastern or Oriental philosophies (comprising Indian, Chinese,
    Persian, Japanese and Korean philosophies) and the varieties of indigenous
    philosophies.

    Over the centuries, Western Philosophy has strongly influenced and been


    influenced by Western religion, science, mathematics and politics. Indeed, in
    ancient times, the word "philosophy" was used to mean ALL intellectual
    endeavors, and, as late as the 17th Century, the natural sciences (physics,
    astronomy, biology) were still referred to as branches of "natural philosophy".
    It has also influenced (and in turn been influenced by) the teachings of
    the Abrahamic religions (Jewish philosophy, Christian philosophy, and Islamic
    philosophy).

    Very broadly speaking, according to some commentators, Western society


    strives to find and prove "the truth", while Eastern society accepts the truth
    as given and is more interested in finding the balance. Westerners put more
    stock in individual rights; Easterners in social responsibility.

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