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CH 3 Review Load and Stress Analysis

This document covers stress and load analysis concepts including: - Shear force and bending moments in beams and their relationships to distributed loads. - Plane stress transformations and Mohr's circle for relating normal and shear stresses. - Bending stresses in beams and transverse shear stresses. - Stresses in pressurized cylinders, thin-walled vessels, and curved beams. - Stress concentration factors at geometric discontinuities.

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Anas Tubail
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118 views

CH 3 Review Load and Stress Analysis

This document covers stress and load analysis concepts including: - Shear force and bending moments in beams and their relationships to distributed loads. - Plane stress transformations and Mohr's circle for relating normal and shear stresses. - Bending stresses in beams and transverse shear stresses. - Stresses in pressurized cylinders, thin-walled vessels, and curved beams. - Stress concentration factors at geometric discontinuities.

Uploaded by

Anas Tubail
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 3

Load and
Stress Analysis
Saturday, September 26,
2
2015

Shear Force and Bending


Moments in Beams
Internal shear force V & bending moment M
must ensure equilibrium

Fig. 3−2 Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.


Sign Conventions for Bending
and Shear

Fig. 3−3 Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.


Saturday, September 26,
4
2015

Distributed Load on Beam


 Distributed load q(x) = load intensity
 Units of force per unit length

Fig. 3−4 Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.


Saturday, September 26,
5
2015

Relationships between Load, Shear,


and Bending

Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.


Saturday, September 26,
6
2015

Cartesian Stress Components


Plane stress occurs = stresses on one surface
are zero
Fig. 3−8

Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.


Saturday, September 26,
7
2015

Plane-Stress Transformation Equations

Fig. 3−9
Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.
Saturday, September 26,
8
2015

Principal Stresses for Plane Stress


 principal directions

 principal stresses

 Zero shear stresses at principal surfaces


 Third principal stress = zero for plane stress
Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.
Saturday, September 26,
9
2015

Extreme-value Shear Stresses for


Plane Stress
 Max shear stresses: on surfaces that are
±45º from principal directions
 Two extreme-value shear stresses:

Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.


Saturday, September 26,
10
2015

Mohr’s Circle Diagram


 Relation between x-y stresses and principal
stresses
 Relationship is a circle with center at

C = (s, t) = [(sx + sy)/2, 0]

s x  s y 
2

R    t xy
2

 2 
Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.
Saturday, September 26,
11
2015

Mohr’s
Circle
Diagram

Fig. 3−10

Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.


Saturday, September 26,
12
2015

Elastic Strain
For a stress element undergoing sx, sy, and
sz, simultaneously,

Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.


Saturday, September 26,
13
2015

Elastic Strain
 Hooke’s law for shear:

 Shear strain g = change in a right angle of a


stress element when subjected to pure
shear stress.
 G = shear modulus of elasticity
 For a linear, isotropic, homogeneous
material,

Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.


Saturday, September 26,
14
2015

Uniformly Distributed Stresses


 For tension and compression,

 For direct shear (no bending present),

Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.


Saturday, September 26,
15
2015

Normal Stresses for Beams in Bending


 Straight beam in positive bending
 x axis = neutral axis
 xz plane = neutral plane
 Neutral axis is coincident with centroidal
axis of the cross section

Fig. 3−13

Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.


Saturday, September 26,
16
2015

Normal Stresses for Beams in


Bending
 Bendingstress varies linearly with distance
from neutral axis, y

Fig. 3−14 Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.


Saturday, September 26,
17
2015

Transverse Shear Stress (TSS)


Fig. 3−18

TSS is always accompanied


with bending stress Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.
Saturday, September 26,
18
2015

Transverse Shear Stress in a


Rectangular Beam Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.
Saturday, September 26,
19
2015

Torsion
Angle of twist for a solid round bar

Fig. 3−21
Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.
Saturday, September 26,
20
2015

Stress Concentration
 Localized increase
of stress near
discontinuities
 Kt = Theoretical
(Geometric) Stress
Concentration
Factor

Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.


Saturday, September 26,
21
2015

Theoretical Stress
Concentration Factor

 A-15 and A-16


 Peterson’s Stress-Concentration
Factors

Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.


Saturday, September 26,
22
2015

Stress Concentration for Static


and Ductile Conditions
With static loads and ductile materials
 Highest stressed fibers yield (cold work)
 Load is shared with next fibers
 Cold working is localized
 Overall part does not see damage unless
ultimate strength is exceeded
 Stress concentration effect is commonly
ignored for static loads on ductile
materials Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.
Saturday, September 26,
23
2015

Stresses in Pressurized Cylinders

Fig. 3−31

Tangential and radial stresses

Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.


Saturday, September 26,
24
2015

Stresses in Pressurized Cylinders


Special case of zero outside pressure, po = 0

Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.


Saturday, September 26,
25
2015

Stresses in Pressurized Cylinders

If ends are closed, then longitudinal stresses


also exist

Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.


Saturday, September 26,
26
2015

Thin-Walled Vessels
 Cylindrical pressure vessel with wall
thickness 1/10 or less of the radius
 Radial stress is quite small compared to
tangential stress
 Average tangential stress

Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.


Saturday, September 26,
27
2015

Thin-Walled Vessels
 Maximum tangential stress

 Longitudinal stress (if ends are closed)

Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.


Saturday, September 26,
28
2015

Curved Beams in Bending

Fig. 3−34
Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.
Saturday, September 26,
29
2015

Curved Beams in Bending

 Location of neutral axis

 Stress distribution

Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.


Saturday, September 26,
30
2015

Curved Beams in Bending

Stress at inner and outer surfaces

Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.


Saturday, September 26,
31
2015

Example 3-15
Plot the distribution of stresses across
section A–A of the crane hook shown in Fig.
3–35a. The cross section is rectangular, with
b = 0.75 in and h = 4 in, and the load is F =
5000 lbf.

Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.


Saturday, September 26,
32
2015

Example 3-15

Fig. 3−35
Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.
Saturday, September 26,
33
2015

Formulas for Sections of


Curved Beams (Table 3-4)

Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., P.E.

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