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    Building Utilities 3: Definition of Acoustic Related Terms

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    Izzah L
    The document defines key terms related to acoustics and sound. It describes sound as rapid fluctuations in air pressure that are usually created by a vibrating object. It then discusses three characteristics of sound: sound level (amplitude), frequency (pitch), and propagation (path of travel). The document goes on to provide more details on frequency, amplitude, decibels, directivity, pure tones, and complex sounds.

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    Building Utilities 3: Definition of Acoustic Related Terms

    Uploaded by

    Izzah L
    47 views9 pages
    The document defines key terms related to acoustics and sound. It describes sound as rapid fluctuations in air pressure that are usually created by a vibrating object. It then discusses three characteristics of sound: sound level (amplitude), frequency (pitch), and propagation (path of travel). The document goes on to provide more details on frequency, amplitude, decibels, directivity, pure tones, and complex sounds.

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    Definition of Acoustic related terms

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    The document defines key terms related to acoustics and sound. It describes sound as rapid fluctuations in air pressure that are usually created by a vibrating object. It then discusses three characteristics of sound: sound level (amplitude), frequency (pitch), and propagation (path of travel). The document goes on to provide more details on frequency, amplitude, decibels, directivity, pure tones, and complex sounds.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    47 views9 pages

    Building Utilities 3: Definition of Acoustic Related Terms

    Uploaded by

    Izzah L
    The document defines key terms related to acoustics and sound. It describes sound as rapid fluctuations in air pressure that are usually created by a vibrating object. It then discusses three characteristics of sound: sound level (amplitude), frequency (pitch), and propagation (path of travel). The document goes on to provide more details on frequency, amplitude, decibels, directivity, pure tones, and complex sounds.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    BUILDING

    UTILITIES 3
    Definition of Acoustic
    related terms
    • Sound
    i s the sensation per ceived by the human
    ear resulting from rapid fluctuations in the
    air pressure. These fluctuations are
    usually cr eated by some vi br ating object
    whi ch sets up l ongitudinal wave moti on i n
    the air.

    T hree characteristics describe the


    physics of sound:

    •Sound level (or energy, strength,


    ampl i tude, l oudness)
    •Frequency (or pitch, tone, wavelength)
    • Pr opagation ( or path, el apsed ti me)
    Frequency
    FREQUENCY

    WHEN SOUND INCLUDES ABUNDANT


    H I G H ‐ P I TC H E D O R T R E B L E E N E R G Y,
    IT IS SA ID TO BE H EAVY O N
    H I G H ‐ F R E Q U E N C Y C O N T E N T, A N D
    WHEN SOUND INCLUDES ABUNDANT
    L O W P I T C H E D O R B A S S E N E R G Y, I T
    C O N TA I N S A M P L E L O W ‐ F R E Q U E N C Y
    C O N T E N T.
    FREQUENCY
    WHEN SOUND INCLUDES ABUNDANT HIGH‐PITCHED
    OR TREBLE ENERGY, IT IS SAID TO BE HEAVY ON
    HIGH‐FREQUENCY CONTENT, AND WHEN SOUND
    INCLUDES ABUNDANT LOW PITCHED OR BASS
    ENERGY, IT CONTAINS AMPLE LOW‐FREQUENCY
    CONTENT.
    AMPLITUDE

    TH E A MP LITUDE O F A SO U ND WAVE
    IS DETERMINED BY THE MAGNITUDE
    O F T H E P R E S S U R E F L U C T U AT I O N .
    BUT THE RANGE OF PRESSURES TO
    WHICH OUR EARS CAN RESPOND
    E X C E E D S A R AT I O O F O N E T O A
    MILLION AND THE RESPONSE IS NOT
    LINEAR.
    DECIBEL

    IT CAN BE USED IN TWO WAYS:

    TO MEASURE DIFFERENCES OR TO MEASURE


    SOUND (OR OTHER) AMPLITUDES. IN BOTH
    CASES, THE CHOICE OF A LOGARITHMIC SCALE
    OVERCOMES THE PROBLEM OF LARGE
    NUMBERS. THE MAGNITUDE OF THE DECIBEL
    FOR DIFFERENCES CAN BE ILLUSTRATED BY
    SOME EXAMPLES.
    FREQUENCY

    INTRUDES INTO ALL ASPECTS OF ACOUSTICS.

    A PURE TONE HAS A SINGLE FREQUENCY


    ASSOCIATED WITH IT. ALL MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
    HOWEVER PRODUCE COMPLEX SOUNDS MADE UP OF
    SEVERAL FREQUENCIES, THOUGH THE LOWEST OF
    THESE NORMALLY DETERMINES THE PITCH, THE
    NAME GIVEN TO THE PERCEIVED FREQUENCY. IF A
    SURFACE IS VIBRATING, THE FREQUENCY OF
    VIBRATION IS THE NUMBER OF CYCLES PER
    SECOND, THOUGH THIS IS NOW EXPRESSED IN
    HERTZ (HZ).
    A pure tone is vibration produced at a single frequency. Shown below is
    Directivity
    the variation in pressure caused by striking a tuning fork, which produces
    an almost pure tone by vibrating adjacent air molecules. Symphonic music
    Directivity is a measure of the consists of numerous tones at different frequencies and pressures ( e.g.,a
    tone is composed of a fundamental frequency with multiples of the
    directional characteristic of a
    fundamental, called harmonics). To find the period corresponding to a
    sound source. It is often
    frequency of vibration, use the following formula:
    expressed as a Directivity Index
    in decibels, or as a dimensionless
    value of Q. This is an important
    aspect of a sound source,
    especially in a reverberant f ield.
    P u r e To n e

    For example, a frequency of 63 Hz has a period Tp of 1 /63af0.02 s/cycle


    (roughly 30 times longer than the period at 2000 Hz).

    Pure Tone
    COMPLEX SOUND

    THE VARIATION IN PRESSURE CAUSED BY


    SPEECH, MUSIC, OR NOISE IS SHOWN BELOW.
    MOST SOUNDS IN THE EVERYDAY WORLD ARE
    COMPLEX, CONSISTING OF A VARIETY OF
    PRESSURES WHICH VARY WITH TIME. THE
    THRESHOLD OF HEARING FOR HUMANS IS ONE
    MILLIONTH OF NORMAL ATMOSPHERIC
    PRESSURE.

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