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    FIRE3700 - 7600 2022 Lecture 5

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    Leticia Ayala
    This document discusses modeling smoke filling in a compartment using an Excel spreadsheet. It involves dividing the room into two zones - an upper hot smoke layer and a lower cold air layer. The model calculates the evolution of the height and temperature of the smoke layer over time based on the mass and energy balance between the two zones, using inputs like the design fire heat release rate and an entrainment correlation. The spreadsheet implementation involves repeating calculations of the smoke layer height, temperature, density, and depth at each time step.

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    FIRE3700 - 7600 2022 Lecture 5

    Uploaded by

    Leticia Ayala
    35 views10 pages
    This document discusses modeling smoke filling in a compartment using an Excel spreadsheet. It involves dividing the room into two zones - an upper hot smoke layer and a lower cold air layer. The model calculates the evolution of the height and temperature of the smoke layer over time based on the mass and energy balance between the two zones, using inputs like the design fire heat release rate and an entrainment correlation. The spreadsheet implementation involves repeating calculations of the smoke layer height, temperature, density, and depth at each time step.

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    FIRE3700_7600 2022 Lecture 5

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    This document discusses modeling smoke filling in a compartment using an Excel spreadsheet. It involves dividing the room into two zones - an upper hot smoke layer and a lower cold air layer. The model calculates the evolution of the height and temperature of the smoke layer over time based on the mass and energy balance between the two zones, using inputs like the design fire heat release rate and an entrainment correlation. The spreadsheet implementation involves repeating calculations of the smoke layer height, temperature, density, and depth at each time step.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    35 views10 pages

    FIRE3700 - 7600 2022 Lecture 5

    Uploaded by

    Leticia Ayala
    This document discusses modeling smoke filling in a compartment using an Excel spreadsheet. It involves dividing the room into two zones - an upper hot smoke layer and a lower cold air layer. The model calculates the evolution of the height and temperature of the smoke layer over time based on the mass and energy balance between the two zones, using inputs like the design fire heat release rate and an entrainment correlation. The spreadsheet implementation involves repeating calculations of the smoke layer height, temperature, density, and depth at each time step.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    FIRE3700 / 7600

    Introduction to fire safety engineering


    Week #5 Smoke filling
    Model using an Excel Spreadsheet
    Model inputs

    Q̇ = αt ! (design fire)

    )̇ !"#$
    T"#$%& = T' + (plume temperature)
    %̇ % *&

    /⁄0
    +,('
    ṁ & = E Q̇ /⁄0 H 1⁄0 (plume entrainment)
    *& -'

    % ⁄&
    gρ"!
    E ≈ 0.071
    C# T!
    Model using an Excel Spreadsheet
    Laws
    Ideal gas law:
    𝐓𝟎
    P = ρR∗T or ρ3T3 = ρ' T' → 𝛒𝐇 = 𝛒
    𝐓𝐇 𝟎

    Mass conservation:
    +,! 𝐦𝐇,𝐭%𝟏 0𝐦𝐇,𝐭
    +-
    = ṁ . → ∆𝐭
    = 𝐦̇ 𝐞

    ,! ,! 𝐦𝐇,𝐭%𝟏
    ρ4 = 5 6 = → ∆𝐙 =
    '() 06 5∆7 𝐀𝛒!

    Energy conservation:
    + ,! :* ;! ?+,,%- @. A+,,%- 0?+,, @. A+,,
    = ṁ .c< T<=>,. → = 𝑚̇ C 𝑐D 𝑇DEF?C
    +- ∆B
    Example: Medium growing fire
    Z!"# = 2.75 m, A
    X = 4.75 m
    Y = 3.5 m 𝐓𝐇

    H
    H"
    Excel spreadsheet - Implementation
    1. Establish the height of the hot layer (H) Z = Z+,- − ∆Z

    2. Calculate the heat release rate: Q̇ = αt . for 𝑡/01 = ∆t + 𝑡234

    ;⁄<
    67"!
    3. Calculate the entrainment from the plume with Z and Q:̇ ṁ 5 = E Q̇ ;⁄<Z =⁄<
    8#9!

    B$%&'Ḋ
    4. Calculate the temperature of the plume with Q̇ and ṁ 5 : T>?@+5 = TA + +̇ (8#

    5. Calculate the mass of the hot layer with ṁ 5 : mE,GH; = mE,G + ṁ 5 ∆t

    6. Calculate the temperature of the hot layer with m8I,G , m8I,GH;, ṁ 5 and TJ:
    +),+9),+H+̇ (∆G9#,-.(
    TE,GH; =
    +),+/0

    9
    7. Calculate the density of the hot layer: ρE = 9 1 ρA
    )

    +),+/0
    8. Calculate the depth of the hot layer: ∆Z =
    L7)

    9. Go to step 1 and repeat the process.


    Excel spreadsheet - Implementation
    Compartment evolution
    Height Temperature

    3.00 180.00

    160.00
    2.50
    140.00

    Temperature of hot layer (deg C)


    2.00 120.00
    Hot leayer height (m)

    100.00
    1.50
    80.00

    1.00 60.00

    40.00
    0.50
    20.00

    0.00 0.00
    0 20 40 60 80 100 120
    Time (s)
    Summary
    Zone Model – Divides the room into two well defined zones
    • Upper Layer – Hot combustion products
    • Lower Layer – Cold air

    Provides the evolution of the height and temperature of the hot layer
    • It depends on an entrainment correlation
    • Results form a simple mass and energy balance between two control volumes
    • Breaks down when the smoke layer gets close to the floor, when the two control volumes become one
    and the entrainment correlation is no longer valid
    Interested in more?
    CFAST zone
    computer modelling
    (FIRE7620)
    Interested in more?
    CFD computer modelling (FIRE7620)

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