Laac Unit (1-6) Worksheets
Laac Unit (1-6) Worksheets
REVISION SHEET
3.
Page 1 of 2
8. Find the values of a and b for which the equations
+ + = 3, + 2 + 2 = 6, + + 3 = have
(i) no solution
(ii) a unique solution
(iii) Infinite number of solutions.
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Page 2 of 2
VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Department of Humanities & Sciences
I B.Tech II Semester
Linear Algebra and Advanced Calculus
UNIT – 1
Date:
WORKSHEET-1
MATRICES
1. Find the rank of the following matrices by using Echelon form
1 2 −3 4 9
2 −4 3 −1 0 0 1 −3
−1 0 1 3−2
1 0 −1 1 1
(a) 1 − 2 − 1 − 4 2
(b) 1 0 1 1
(c) 0 4 −1 3
(d) 3 − 1 1 0 − 1
0 1 − 1 3 1 3 1 0 2 0 0 2 1
− 1 1 0 2 9
4 − 7 4 − 4 5 1 1 −2 0 0 5 −3 4 3 1 0 3 9
2. Reduce the following matrices in to normal form and hence find its rank
1 2 3 0 1 1 1 1 1 4 3 −2 1 1 −1 2 −3
0 1 2 −2
− − − −
a) 4 0 2 6
(b) 2 4 3 2
(c) 1 2 3 4
(d) 2 3 1 4 3
(e) 4 1 0 2
3 2 1 3 2 3 5 − 5 −1 6 7 2 9 0 3 0 4
2 1 3 1
6 8 7 5 3 − 4 − 5 8 − 3 3 6 6 12 0 1 0 2
VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Department of Humanities & Sciences
I B.Tech II Semester
Linear Algebra and Advanced Calculus
UNIT – 1
Date:
WORKSHEET-2
MATRICES
1. Using Gauss-Jordan method find the inverse of
3 −3 4
A = 2 −3 4
0 −1 1
2. Find the inverse of the matrix using Gauss-Jordan method
2 − 2 + 3 = 1.
9. Find the values of a and b for which the equations
+ + = 3, + 2 + 2 = 6, + +3 = have
(i) no solution
(ii) a unique solution
(iii) Infinite number of solutions.
10. Show that the only real number for which the system of equations
+ 2 + 3 = ,3 + + 2 = ,2 + 3 + =
has non zero solution is 6 and solve them when = 6.
VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Department of Humanities & Sciences
I B.Tech II Semester
Linear Algebra and Advanced Calculus
UNIT – 1
Date:
WORKSHEET-3
MATRICES
1. Solve the system of equations x + 3 y − 2 z = 0, 2 x − y + 4 z = 0, x − 11y + 14 z = 0
2. Solve system of equations + + = 0, + + = 0, + + = 0 has non
zero solution only
3. Find the values of λ for which the system of equations
x + 3 y + 8 z = 4, x + 4 y + 3z = −2, x + 3 y + 4 z = 1
7. Solve the following system of equations using LU Decomposition method
3 2 4
3. Using Cayley-Hamilton’s theorem find the inverse of A, when A = 4 3 2
2 4 3
1 0 3
4. Verify Cayley Hamilton theorem for 2 1 −1 hence compute and .
1 −1 1
3 −1 1
5. Diagonalize the matrix − 1 5 − 1 and hence find A4.
1 − 1 3
2 −1 1
6. Determine the modal matrix P of A= − 1 2 − 1 .Verify that P-1AP is a diagonal
1 − 1 2
matrix.
VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Department of Humanities & Sciences
I B.Tech II Semester
Linear Algebra and Advanced Calculus
UNIT – 2
Date:
WORKSHEET-1
EIGEN VALUES AND EIGEN VECTORS
3 −1 1
1. Find the Eigen values and Eigen vectors of the matrix − 1 5 − 1
1 − 1 3
−2 2 −3
2. Find the Latent roots and the Latent vectors of the following matrix 2 1 −6
−1 −2 0
8 −6 2
3. Find the Eigen values and Eigen vectors of −6 7 −4
2 −4 3
4. Determine the Eigenvalues and the corresponding Eigen vectors of the matrix
5 − 2 0
A= − 2 6 2
0 2 7
5. Verify that the sum of Eigen values is equal to trace of” A” for the matrix
1 2 − 1
A = 0 2 2 and find the corresponding Eigen vectors.
0 0 − 2
6. The sum of the Eigen values of a square matrix is equal to its trace and product of the Eigen
values is equal to its determinant.
7. Prove that the Eigen values of A-1 are the reciprocals of the Eigen values of A.
8. A square matrix A and its transpose AT have the same Eigen values.
VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Department of Humanities & Sciences
I B.Tech II Semester
Linear Algebra and Advanced Calculus
UNIT – 2
Date:
WORKSHEET-2
EIGEN VALUES AND EIGEN VECTORS
1 − 2 2
1. State Cayley-Hamilton theorem, verify the matrix A= 1 − 2 3 and hence find the
0 − 1 2
inverse of the matrix?
3 1 1
2. Find A-1 and A 4 using Cayley-Hamilton theorem for A= −1 5 −1
1 −1 3
6 −2 2
3. Find inverse of a matrix A using Cayley-Hamilton theorem where A = −2 3 −1
2 −1 3
1 4
Verify Cayley – Hamilton theorem for the matrix =
2 3
4. and find its inverse. Also
1 0 3
5. Verify Cayley Hamilton theorem for 2 1 −1 hence compute and .
1 −1 1
3 −1 1
6. Diagonalize the matrix − 1 5 − 1 and hence find A .
4
1 − 1 3
1 6 1
7. Diagonalize the matrix 1 2 0 and hence find A8.
0 0 3
3 2 4
8. Diagonalize the matrix A = 4 3 2
2 4 3
VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Department of Humanities & Sciences
I B.Tech II Semester
Linear Algebra and Advanced Calculus
UNIT – 3
Date:
WORKSHEET-1
REAL AND COMPLEX MATRICES, QUADRATIC FORMS
0 2𝑏 𝑐
1. Determine the values of a, b, c when [𝑎 𝑏 −𝑐] is orthogonal.
𝑎 −𝑏 𝑐
2. Show that any square matrix A=B+C where B is symmetric and C is skew-symmetric
matrices.
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
3. Prove that the matrix [ 0 1 0 ] is orthogonal.
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2 3 + 2𝑖 −4
4. If [−2𝑖 5 6𝑖 ] Show that A is Hermitian and iA is a Skew-Hermitian matrix.
−4 −6𝑖 3
5. Show that every square matrix is uniquely expressible as the sum of a Hermitian matrix
and a Skew-Hermitian matrix.
𝑎 + 𝑖𝑐 −𝑏 + 𝑖𝑑
6. Show that A = [ ] is unitary if a2+b2+c2+d2=1
𝑏 + 𝑖𝑑 𝑎 − 𝑖𝑐
7. Express the matrix as the sum of Hermitian matrix and Skew-Hermitian matrix
1+𝑖 2 5 − 5𝑖
[ 2𝑖 2 + 𝑖 4 + 2𝑖 ]
−1 + 𝑖 −4 7
8. Prove that Eigen values of a Hermitian matrix are all real.
9. Prove that Eigen values of a Skew-Hermitian matrix are purely imaginary or zero.
10. Prove that Eigen values of an unitary matrix have absolute value 1.
VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Department of Humanities & Sciences
I B.Tech II Semester
Linear Algebra and Advanced Calculus
UNIT – 3
Date:
WORKSHEET-2
REAL AND COMPLEX MATRICES, QUADRATIC FORMS
2 3 + 4𝑖
1. Find the Eigen values and Eigen vectors of the Hermitian matrix[ ]
3 − 4𝑖 2
0 𝑖
2. Show that the matrix [ ] is Skew-Hermitian and hence find Eigen values and Eigen
𝑖 0
vectors.
3. Show that the following matrix is Skew-Hermitian, Unitary and find
𝑖 0 0
their Eigen values and Eigen vectors of the matrix A =[0 0 𝑖 ]
0 𝑖 0
1 1+𝑖 1−𝑖
4. Verify that the matrix A=2 [ ] has Eigen values with unit modulus.
1−𝑖 1+𝑖
5. Reduce the quadratic form 3x 2 + 2y 2 + 3z 2 – 2yz – 2xy to the canonical form by
orthogonal transformation.
6. Reduce the quadratic form x12+3x22+3x32-2x2x3 in to the canonical form by
orthogonal reduction and find out the modal matrix. Also find out the nature of the
quadratic form, index and signature of the quadratic form.
7. Reduce the quadratic form 6𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 + 3𝑧 2 − 4𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑥𝑧 − 2𝑦𝑧 into a sum of
squares by orthogonal transformation.
8. Reduce the quadratic form to canonical form by an orthogonal reduction and state the nature
of the quadratic form 2x2+2y2+2z2-2xy-2yz-2zx
VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Department of Humanities & Sciences
I B.Tech II Semester
Linear Algebra and Advanced Calculus
UNIT – 3
Date:
REVISION SHEET
REAL AND COMPLEX MATRICES, QUADRATIC FORMS
1. Show that the following matrix is Skew-Hermitian, Unitary and find
𝑖 0 0
their Eigen values and Eigen vectors of the matrix A =[0 0 𝑖]
0 𝑖 0
2 3 + 2𝑖 −4
2. If [−2𝑖 5 6𝑖 ] Show that A is Hermitian and iA is a Skew-Hermitian matrix.
−4 −6𝑖 3
3. Prove that Eigen values of a Hermitian matrix are all real.
4. Prove that Eigen values of a Skew-Hermitian matrix are purely imaginary or zero.
5. Reduce the quadratic form 3x 2 + 5y 2 + 3z 2 – 2yz – 2xy + 2xz to the canonical form by
orthogonal transformation.
6. Reduce the quadratic form 2 xy + 2 yz + 2 zx in to canonical from and find its nature,
index, signature, matrix of transformation.
7. Reduce the quadratic form 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 4𝑦𝑧 − 4𝑧𝑥 to the canonical form
by orthogonal reduction and find out the modal matrix. Also find out the nature of the
quadratic form, index and signature of the quadratic form.
8. Find the rank , signature and index of the quadratic form 2x12+x22-3x32+12x1x2-4x1x3-
8x2x3 by reducing in to canonical form .Also write the linear transformation which brings
about the normal reduction.
VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Department of Humanities & Sciences
I B.Tech II Semester
Linear Algebra and Advanced Calculus
UNIT – 1V
Date:
REVISION SHEET
MULTIPLE INTEGRALS
1. Evaluate ∬ 𝑥𝑦(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 over the region R bounded by y=x2 and y=x
𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝜃
2. Evaluate∬ √𝑎2 over one loop of the lemniscate r2=a2 cos2θ
+𝑟 2
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑦2
3. Evaluate ∬(1 − 𝑦 2 − 𝑏2 ) dx dy over the first quadrant of the ellipse 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 =1
𝑎 2𝑎−𝑥
4. Change the order of integration and solve ∫0 ∫𝑥2 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑎
5. Find by double integration the area enclosed by the curves y=2-x and y2=2(2-x)
6. Using double integration , find the volume of the tetrahedron bounded by the coordinate
planes
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
and the plane 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 =1
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
7. Find the volume of the ellipsoid 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 =1
8. Evaluate ∭(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧 over the tetrahedron bounded by the coordinate planes
and the
plane x+y+z=1
VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Department of Humanities & Sciences
I B.Tech II Semester
Linear Algebra and Advanced Calculus
UNIT – 1V
Date:
WORKSHEET-1
MULTIPLE INTEGRALS
𝑥2 𝑦2
1. Evaluate ∬(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 over the area bounded by the ellipse 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 =1
2. Calculate ∬ 𝑟 3 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝜃 over the area included between the circles 𝑟 = 2 sin 𝜃 and
𝑟 = 4 sin 𝜃
3. Find the area lying inside the cardioid 𝑟 = 𝑎 ( 1 + cos 𝜃)and outside the circle r
=a.
∞ ∞ 2 2
4. Evaluate ∫0 ∫0 𝑒 −(𝑥 + 𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 by changing into polar coordinates
4𝑎 2√𝑎𝑥
5. Change the order of integration in 𝐼 = ∫0 ∫𝑥 2⁄ 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 and hence evaluate
4𝑎
6. Evaluate ∭(𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧 where V is the region of space bounded by
x=0,x=1,y=0,y=2,z=0,z=3
7. Find the volume bounded by the cylinders x2+y2=4 , y + z=4 ,z=0
8. Find the volume of the portion of the sphere 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 𝑎2 lying inside the
cylinder 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑎𝑦
1 √1− 𝑥2 √(1− 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )
9. Evaluate ∫−1 ∫−√1− 𝑥 2 ∫−√(1− 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) 𝑥𝑦𝑧 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Department of Humanities & Sciences
I B.Tech II Semester
Linear Algebra and Advanced Calculus
UNIT – 1V
Date:
WORKSHEET-2
MULTIPLE INTEGRALS
1. Evaluate ∬(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 , over the region in the positive quadrant bonded by
𝑥2 𝑦2
the ellipse + =1
𝑎2 𝑏2
2. Evaluate ∬ 𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 dr dθ over the cardioid r=a(1-cosθ) above the initial line
1 1 x y
e
x y 𝑒−1
3. By using the transformation x+y = u , y= uv show that dxdy =
2
0 0
∞ 𝑥
4 .Change the order of Integration in 𝐼 = ∫0 ∫0 𝑒 −𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
1 2−𝑥
5 .Change the order of Integration in 𝐼 =∫0 ∫𝑥 2 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 , and hence evaluate the
Double integral
6. Find the area of the region bounded by the parabolas y2=4ax and x2=4ay
7. Find the volume bounded by the xy plane , the cylinder x2+y2=1 and the plane
x+y+z=3
8. Evaluate ∭(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧 taken over the volume enclosed by the
sphere x2+y2+z2=1 , by transforming into spherical polar coordinates
VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Department of Humanities & Sciences
I B.Tech II Semester
Linear Algebra and Advanced Calculus
UNIT – V
Date:
REVISION SHEET
VECTOR DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
1
1. Evaluate ∇. [𝑟∇ ( 3 )] where 𝑟̅ = 𝑥𝑖 + 𝑦𝑗 + 𝑧𝑘 , 𝑟 = |𝑟̅ |
𝑟
4. Show that the vector r n r is irrotational for any value of n but is solenoidal only if
n+3=0 where r xi yj zk and r r
5. Find the directional derivative of the function xy2+yz2+zx2 along the tangent to the
curve x=t,y=t2,z=t3 at the point (1,1,1)
6. Find the angle between the normals to the surface x2= yz at the points (1,1,1) and
(2,4,1)
7. Find constants a,b,c so that the vector A=(x+2y+az)i+(bx-3y-z)j+(4x+cy+2z)k is
irrotational. Also find the scalar potential function.
8. Show that curl( r 𝑟 𝑛 )=0
VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Department of Humanities & Sciences
I B.Tech II Semester
Linear Algebra and Advanced Calculus
UNIT – VI
Date:
REVISION SHEET
VECTOR INTEGRATION
1. Find the workdone in moving a particle in the force field F=3x2i+(2zx-y)j+z k , along
the curve defined by x2=4y ,3x3=8z from x=0 to x=2
2. Verify Green’s theorem in plane for ∮(3𝑥 2 − 8𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (4𝑦 − 6𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦 where C is
the region bounded by y=√𝑥 and y=x2
3. Apply Green’s theorem to evaluate ∮(2𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 , where C is the
boundary of the area enclosed by the x-axis and upper half of the circle x2+y2= a2
4. Verify Gauss Divergence theorem for F=(x3-yz)i-2x2yj+zk taken over the surface of
the cube bounded by the planes x=y=z=a and coordinate planes
5. By transforming in to triple integral ,evaluate ∬(𝑥 3 dy dz+𝑥 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑧 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦,
where S is the closed surface consisting of the cylinder x2+y2=a2 and the circular discs
z=0,z=b
6. Verify Stokes theorem for the function F=x2i+xyj integrated round the square in the
plan z=0 whose sides are along the lines x=0,y=0,x=a, y=a
VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Department of Humanities & Sciences
I B.Tech II Semester
Linear Algebra and Advanced Calculus
UNIT – VI
Date:
WORKSHEET-1
VECTOR INTEGRATION
1. Find the workdone by the force F=(3x2-6yz)i+(2y+3xz)j+(1-4xyz2) in moving particle
from the point (0,0,0) to the point (1,1,1) along the curve C: x=t,y=t2,z=t3
2. Find the circulation of F=(2x-y+2z)i+(x+y-z)j+(3x-2y-5z)k along the circle x2+y2=4
in the xy-plane
3. Evaluate by Green’s theorem∮(𝑥 2 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑦 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)𝑑𝑦 , where C is the
rectangle with vertices (0,0),(π,0),(π,1),(0,1)
4. Verify Green’s theorem for ∮(3𝑥 2 − 8𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (4𝑦 − 6𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦 , where C is the
region bounded by x=0,y=0 and x + y=1
5. Verify Gauss divergence theorem for F=x2i+y2j+z2k ,over the cube formed by the
planes x=0,x=a ,y=0,y=b ,z=0,z=c
6. Use divergence theorem to evaluate ∬(𝑥𝑖 + 𝑦𝑗 + 𝑧𝑘). 𝑛. 𝑑𝑠 ,where S is the surface
bounded by the cone x2+y2=z2 in the plane z=4
7. Verify Stokes theorem for F=(x2+y2)i-2xyj taken round the rectangle bounded by the
lines x=-a ,x=a ,y=0,y=b
VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Department of Humanities & Sciences
I B.Tech II Semester
Linear Algebra and Advanced Calculus
UNIT – VI
Date:
WORKSHEET-1
VECTOR INTEGRATION
1. Prove that force field given by F=2xyz3i+x2z3j+3x2yz2 k is conservative. Find the
workdone by moving a particle from (1,-1,2) to (3,2,-1) in this force field.
2. Verify Green’s theorem in the plane for ∮(𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 3 )𝑑𝑥 + (𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦 where C is a
square with vertices (0,0),(2,0),(2,2),(0,2)
3. Evaluate by Green’s theorem ∮(𝑦 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑦 where Cis the triangle enclosed
𝜋
by the lines y=0, x= 2 , πy=2x
4. Verify divergence theorem for 2x2yi-y2j+4xz2k taken over the region of first octant of the
cylinder y2+z2=9 and x=2
5. Compute ∫(𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑦 2 + 𝑐𝑧 2 )𝑑𝑠 over the surface of the sphere x2+y2+z2=1
6. Verify Stokes theorem for F=-y3i+x3j ,where S is the circular disc x2+y2≤1,z=0