Science

Quarter 4
Module 4: Biodiversity
Self-Learning Module in Science 8
Quarter 4 – Module 4: Biodiversity
First Edition, 2021
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Published by the Department of Education – Schools Division I Pangasinan

Development Team of the Module

Author: Jesse B. Castro

Editor: Adelina D. Vinluan, EdD and Maggie M. Bautista
Reviewers: Elvira C. Viray, EdD
Catherine B. Operana, EdD
Jerry R. Junio, PhD

Management Team

OIC, Schools Division Superintendent: Ely S. Ubaldo, CESO VI

Asst. Schools Division Superintendent: Marciano U. Soriano Jr., CESO VI
Chief Education Supervisor: Carmina C. Gutierrez, EdD
Education Program Supervisor, LRMDS: Michael E. Rame, EdD
Education Program Supervisor, Science: Jerry R. Junio, PhD
District Supervisor: Catherine B. Operana, EdD
School Head/ Head Teacher in-Charge: Elvira C. Viray, EdD
Adelina D. Vinluan, EdD

Printed in the Philippines: Department of Education – SDO Pangasinan 1

Office Address: Alvear St. East Capitol Ground, Lingayen, Pangasinan
Telefax: (075) 522-2202
E-mail Address: pangasinan1@deped.gov.ph

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Introductory Message
Welcome to the Science 8 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on the
Biodiversity!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher
or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints
in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in
the body of the module:

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Science 10 Science 10 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on
the Behavior of Gases!
The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is
often used to depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands we may
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learn, create, and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource
signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully
achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your
academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being
an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what
you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module.
What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current
lesson with the previous one.
What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to
you in various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity, or a situation.
What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This
aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills.
What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to
solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module.
What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled into process what you learned from the
lesson.
What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you
transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life situations or
concerns.
Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of
mastery in achieving the learning competency.
Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to
you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson
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 learned. This also tends retention of learned concepts.
Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module.
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with your mind. It is here to help you
master Biodiversity. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations.
This module contains:
● : Week 4: Lesson 1 – Naming and Classifying Organisms
● Explain the concept of a species (S8LT-IVg-19)
● Classify organisms using the hierarchical taxonomic system
(S8LT-IVh-20)
● WEEK 5-Lesson 2-Protection and Conservation of Rare and
Economically Important Species.
● Explain the advantage of high biodiversity in maintaining the
stability of an ecosystem. (S8LT-IVh-21)
● Describe the Transfer of Energy through the Trophic Levels.
(S8LT- IVi-22)

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 What I Know
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on a piece of
paper.
1. Those organisms which have more similarities are closely related to each other.
Which is considered the largest category into which organisms have been
classified?
a. Class c. Kingdom
b. Domain d. Phylum
2. Families consist of several genera (genus), and each genus comprise the
smallest group of various organisms. Which of the following is being referred to
the smallest group of organisms in the classification?
a. Class c. Order
b. Genus d Species
3. Based from the early studies, scientists came up with the three-domain system
of classification. Which of the following refers to this?
a. Animalia – Chordata – Mammalia
b. Archaea – Bacteria – Eukarya
c. Kingdom – Phylum – Class
d. Eukaryotes – Prokaryotes – Bacteria
4. Scientific names of organisms consist of two names. Which of the following is
referred to as the way of naming organisms?
a. Binomial System of Classification
b. Kingdom-Phylum System
c. Scientific Name
d. Three-Domain system of classification
5. Which of the following is an example of species name of organism?
a. Canidae c. Mammalia
b. familiaris d. Panthera
6. Identify the correct pair of words base on naming organisms.
a. genus : species c. mammal : chordates
b. kingdom : class d. order : genus
7. Which of the following is not being considered in classifying organisms?
a. Complexity of organisms’ body
b. Major ecological role
c. Mode of nutrition
d. Name of scientist who discovered
8. Which is the largest group in the classification of organisms?
a. Genus c. Family

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 b. Class d. Kingdom
9. How is the scientific name of organisms being written?
a. Using Greek language c. Italicized
b. Using Roman language d. Using English Language
10.Who was the scientist who made a great contribution in naming organisms?
a. Alexander Fleming c. Charles Darwin
b. Carolus Linnaeus d. Robert Hooke
11.If humans and monkeys belong to the same class, then, they must belong to the
same ____.
a. genus c. order
b. family d. phylum
12.In the binomial system of classification, an organism is given two names. What
is it composed of?
a. genus and species name c. family and genus name
b. order and species name d. class and species name
13.Which among the following areas of taxonomy refers to the giving of names to
living organisms?
a. Identification c. Classification
b. Nomenclature d. Taxon
14.All of the following are the threats to biodiversity EXCEPT:
a. Overexploitation c. Sanctuaries
b. Population d. Alien species
15.Which of the following is the basic unit of classification?
a. class c. family
b. genus d. species

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 What I Know

What I Know
A Swedish botanist, Carolus Linnaeus, introduced a system of
classifying living things. He was the first to classify living things using structural
similarity as basis. There are two important features in his wok – the classification
of living things by levels and the binomial nomenclature. There are seven levels of
classification (Table 1.1). This taxonomic concept of Linnaeus places each organism
in a series of hierarchically arranged categories, which according to him would
reflect the degree of kinship among organisms.
Table 1.1 The Different Levels of Classification
Levels Composition
Kingdom a group of related phyla.
Phylum a group of related classes
Class a group of related orders
Order a group of related families
Family a group of related genera
Genus a group of related species
Species a group of similar organisms capable of interbreeding and
producing fertile offspring
Each category or level is called a taxon (plural = taxa), which is a general
term for any level of classification.
Table 1.2 Sample Classification of Organisms
Category Dog Bangus Lion

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 Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia
Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata
Class Mammalia Actinopterygii Mammalia
Order Carnivora Gonorynchiformis Carnivora
Family Canidae Chanidae Felidae
Genus Canis Chanos Panthera
Species familiaris chanos leo

What’s New?
ACTIVITY 1
Let’s Look and List!
B I O D I V E R S I T Y
C A K B C D E F P A D F
L V B I N L E V E L S J
A B N M N B N F C G P K
S F W H A G K T I R H L
S A O J G J D H E F Y M
R M G K S Q O O S G L N
B I J L G K M F M D U O
Y L Q Y H W A K G K M P
T Y G T F G I L K H L Q
R H F R L H N A L J N S
A D C E K E T Z E F M R
B N R G G E N U S H F F
0 R D E R A S W F J B G
LIST OF ANSWERS

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 1._________________
2.____________ _____
3._________________
4._________________
5._________________
6._________________
7._________________
8.________________

What is It
All living things or the biotic components of the ecosystem have varying
characteristics. These organisms are made of cells, tissues, and organs to properly
function and adapt to their environment. Their adaptability allows them to survive to
the changing climate.
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 This module gives introduction on the study of biodiversity. This will discuss
how the organisms are named and classified based on categories such as domain,
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. Activities prepared in this
module compare organisms from one another and describe their characteristics. It will
identify the beneficial and harmful effects that these organisms do to humans, other
animals and plants.
Further, this module will make us recognize the importance of biodiversity in
our daily lives and help us realize our roles in the preservation and protection of our
environment.
Biodiversity comprise the richness of life on earth in different levels from genes
to ecosystems. Species in each ecosystem continuously interact to survive extinction.
Classifying Living Organisms
Has your mother ever told you to be organized? Most mothers would always
remind their children to keep their rooms clean and put things in their proper places
to be more organized. In science, the process of grouping and putting things in order
is called classification. This concept of grouping things can be useful in your life, in
your studies or in your home. Classification is actually a skill that you will practice for
a lifetime. There will be total chaos, confusion and disarray in the living world in the
absence of classification. There are more than ten million (10M) different species of
plants and animals that exist on earth, and with this existing diversity of organisms,
and more new organisms being discovered each day, a system for organizing living
things is more than a necessity.
These classifications or categories consist of the domain, kingdom, phylum,
class, order, family, genus and species.
The domain is the largest category into which organisms have been classified.
This is followed by the kingdom category subdivided into various phyla (sing. phylum).
A phylum consists of different classes, each class with several order with different
families. Families consist of several genera (sing. genus) and each genus comprises the
smallest group of various species.
A species is a group of similar organisms and capable of reproducing their own
kind. These means only members of the same species can mate and produce fertile
offspring. The dog, waling-waling (an orchid), milkfish (local name, bangus), rice plant
and humans like you are examples of a species.
With the information available about organisms from the early studies to the
present scientists came up with the three-domain system of classification. Before,
organisms were only grouped into eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Most prokaryotes are
tiny and unicellular, thus, are referred to as microorganisms. A lot of eukaryotes are
multicellular, thus, are large in size because of the greater number of cells their bodies
contain.

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 Recently, prokaryotes have been divided into two domains, namely: Archaea
and Bacteria. The eukaryote group was retained and now consists the third domain (
Eukarya ) that includes protists, fungi, plants and animals.

What’s More

Activity 2
Complete the table. You may use any reference material for your answer.
Category Cow Wolf Domesticated Cat
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

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 What I Have Learned
Let’s find out what you have learned from our lesson. Can you answer the
following questions?
Direction:
Write T if the statement is correct and F if incorrect.
___ 1. Taxonomy is the science that deals with the study of classification.
___ 2. Gregor Mendel is the father of taxonomy.
___ 3. Felis catus is the scientific name of house cat.
___ 4. The old way of classifying organisms is by sorting them into three
groups: vegetative, animal and rational.
___ 5. Living things can be classified currently into five major kingdoms.

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 What’s In
In the earlier grades you learned that among different ecosystems the
highest biodiversity is the rainforest. It means that it has a greatest number of
species living there. Rainforest have lots of plant in them, and this condition
provides shelter, water and food to many species that can survive disasters as
well as competition with other species.
Due to the importance of biodiversity, it is necessary that you know how
to conserve them. Conservation and sustainable use of our resources are the
keys to protecting our biodiversity.
There are two strategies for the conservation and protection of
biodiversity:
1.Ex-situ Conservation- this refers to the protection of species in artificial
conditions or outside their natural habitats such as in botanical gardens, zoos
and aquaria.
2.In-situ Conservation –It is the preservation of natural populations and
communities in the world, this is vital to the survival of species that are hard to
maintain in the captivity.
Conservation efforts aim to protect species that are endangered

What’s More
Activity 3
Which has much?

Given two communities A and B, compare the diversity:

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 ● Community A consists of five (5) different species with a total of 100
individuals. Each species has 20 individuals.
● Community B consists of ten (10) different species with a total of 100
individuals.

1. Which community has greater species diversity? Support your answer.

The Transfer of Energy through the Trophic Levels

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 The amount of energy at each trophic level decreases as it moves through
an ecosystem. As little as 10 percent of the energy at any trophic level is
transferred to the next level; the rest is lost largely through metabolic
processes as heat. If a grassland ecosystem has 10,000 kilocalories (kcal) of
energy concentrated in vegetation, only about 1,000 kcal will be transferred to
primary consumers, and very little (only 10 kcal) will make it to the tertiary
level. Energy pyramids such as this help to explain the trophic structure of an
ecosystem: the number of consumer trophic levels that can be supported is
dependent on the size and energy richness of the producer level.

Assessment
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on
separate sheet of paper.
1. He was the scientist who made a great contribution in naming
organisms?
a. Alexander Fleming c. Charles Darwin
b. Carolus Linnaeus d. Robert Hooke
2. If humans and monkeys belong to the same class, then, they must
belong to the same ____.
a. genus c. order
b. family d. phylum
3. In the binomial system of classification, an organism is given two names.
What is it composed of?
a. species and genus name c. family and genus name
b. order and species name d. class and species name
4. Which among the following areas of taxonomy refers to the giving of
names to living organisms?
a. Identification c. Classification
b. Nomenclature d. Taxon
5. All of the following are the threats to biodiversity EXCEPT:
a. Overexploitation c. Sanctuaries
b. Population d. Alien species
6. Which of the following is the basic unit of classification?
a. class c. family
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 b. genus d. species
7. Organisms which have more similarities are closely related to each other.
Which is considered the largest category into which organisms have been
classified?
a. Class c. Kingdom
b. Domain d. Phylum
8. Families consist of several genera (genus), and each genus comprise the
smallest group of various organisms. Which of the following is being
referred to the smallest group of organisms in the classification?
a. Class c. Order
b. Genus d Species

9. Based from the early studies, scientists came up with the three-domain
system of classification. Which of the following refers to this?
a. Animalia – Chordata – Mammalia
b. Archaea – Bacteria – Eukarya
c. Kingdom – Phylum – Class
d. Eukaryotes – Prokaryotes – Bacteria
10.Scientific names of organisms consist of two names. Which of the
following is referred to as the way of naming organisms?
a. Binomial System of Classification
b. Kingdom-Phylum System
c. Scientific Name
d. Three-Domain system of classification
11. Which of the following is an example of species name of organism?
a. Canidae c. Mammalia
b. familiaris d. Panthera
12.Identify the correct pair of words base on naming organisms.
a. genus : species c. mammal : chordates
b. kingdom : class d. order : genus
13.Which of the following is not being considered in classifying organisms?
a. Complexity of organisms’ body
b. Major ecological role
c. Mode of nutrition
d. Name of scientist who discovered
14.Which is the largest group in the classification of organisms?

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 a. Genus c. Family
b. Class d. Kingdom
15.How is the scientific name of organisms being written?
a. Using Greek language c. Italicized
b. Using Roman language d. Using English Language

Answer Key

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Activity 2
Category Cow Wolf Domesticated
Cat
Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia
Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata
Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia
Order Artiodaclyla Carnivora Carnivora
Family Bovidae Canidae Felidae
Genus Bos Canis Felis
Species taurus lupus catus

References
BOOKS
Grade 8 Science Modules Sequenced based on k-12 Curriculum 2015 Edition
by: TRU-COPY Publishing House
Practical Science Concepts and Skills
by: Luistro T. Evangelista , Phd.,et.,al
Science foe Millennials
by: Karrie Kea L. Concino, et.,al
Science Learner’s Module
by: Pia C. Campo, et.,al

LINKS
www.nationalgoegraphic.org
www.amnh.org
https://kids.britanica.com
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000273.htm

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