SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

General Biology 1
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
General Biology 1 – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
First Edition, 2020

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General Biology
1
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Biology 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

(Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells) !

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the General Biology 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

(Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells)!

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This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
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This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or

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 skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
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answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
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If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you understand prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell. The scope of this module permits
it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes
the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

Lesson 1: Prokaryotic Cells

Lesson 2: Eukaryotic Cells

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Compare and contrast the structure and function of prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cell.

2. Compare the relative sizes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

3. Construct a 3-D model of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.

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 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Which of the following is an example of prokaryotic cell?

a. Plant cell c. Bacterial cell
b. Animal cell d. Eukaryotic cell
2. Which of the following would be examples of eukaryotic cell?
a. Plants and Bacteria
b. Prokaryotes and Animals
c. Plants and Animals
d. Animals and Bacteria
3. A cell has a nucleus, is complex and large, and has membrane bound
organelles. What type of cell is this?
a. Eukaryotic c. Bacteria
b. Prokaryotic d. Protist
4. A cell has circular DNA, is small and simple, and no nucleus or membrane
bound organelles. What type of cell is this?
a. Plant c. Eukaryotic
b. Animal d. Prokaryotic
5. Which of the following is not a difference between Prokaryotic and
Eukaryotic cell?
a. The size of the cells
b. The complexity of the cells
c. The age of the cells
d. Having a nucleus
6. Which of the following statement is true?
a. Prokaryotic cells came before eukaryotic cells
b. Eukaryotic cells do not have nucleus, Prokaryotic cells do
c. Eukaryotic cells are simple, Prokaryotic cells are complex
d. Prokaryotic cells are bigger that eukaryotic cells
7. Where can you find the DNA in prokaryotic cells?
a. cytoplasm c. ribosome
b. nucleus d. golgi apparatus
8. Where can you find the DNA in eukaryotic cells?
a. cytoplasm c. ribosome
b. nucleus d. golgi apparatus
9. Which of the following features are common in prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells?
a. a membrane bound nucleus
b. a cell wall
c. flagella or cilia
d. linear chromosomes made of DNA and protein

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10. What is the name of the region where double stranded single circular
DNA is found in the prokaryotic cell?
a. Protonucleus c. nucleoid
b. nucleus d. nucleoplasm
11. In prokaryotic cells, ribosomes are
a. 70S c. 60S + 40S
b. 80S d. 50S + 40S
12. In prokaryotes, the hair like outgrowths which attach to the surface of
other bacterial cells is
a. flagella c. capsule
b. pili d. plasmids
13. How many times larger is a eukaryotic cell than a prokaryotic cell?
a. 5 times c. 30 times
b. 10 times d. 12 times
14. Which type of cell has membrane bound organelles?
a. prokaryotic cell c. bacterial cell
b. eukaryotic cell d. plant cell
15. Which of the following is the typical feature of a prokaryotic cell?
a. absence of DNA c. absence of RNA
b. absence of nucleus d. absence of cell wall

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Lesson
Biology: Prokaryotic vs.
3 Eukaryotic Cells
Take a moment and look at yourself. How many organisms do you see? Your first thought

might be that there's just one: yourself. However, if you were to look closer, at the surface of your

skin or inside your digestive tract, you would see that there are actually many organisms living there.

That’s right - you are home to around 100 trillion bacterial cells!

This means that your body is actually an ecosystem. It also means that you—for some

definition of the word you—actually consist of both of the major types of cells: prokaryotic and

eukaryotic.

What’s In

Who proposed the cell theory?

What are the postulates of cell theory?

How do cell organelles differ in terms of their structure and function?

Notes to the Teacher

It is significant that learners had background on the structure
and function of major and subcellular organelles. They should
familiarize also with the postulates of cell theory that being
discussed on the previous modules.

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 What’s New

Activity 1: VENN DIAGRAM

1. Observe the figure below.
2. Compare and contrast prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell using
Venn diagram.

3. Write your answer on the diagram.

PROKARYOTIC CELL EUKARYOTIC CELL

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 What is It

Comparing Prokaryotic Cell and Eukaryotic Cell

Cells fall into one of two broad categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. The
predominantly single-celled organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea are
classified as prokaryotes (pro– = before; –karyon– = nucleus). Animal cells, plant
cells, fungi, and protists are eukaryotes (eu– = true).

Components of Prokaryotic Cell

All cells share four common components:
1) a plasma membrane, an outer covering that separates the cell’s interior
from its surrounding environment;
2) cytoplasm, consisting of a jelly-like region within the cell in which other
cellular components are found;
3) DNA, the genetic material of the cell; and
4) ribosomes, particles that synthesize proteins. However, prokaryotes differ
from eukaryotic cells in several ways.

Figure 1. This figure shows the generalized structure of a prokaryotic cell.

A prokaryotic cell is a simple, single-celled (unicellular) organism that lacks
a nucleus, or any other membrane-bound organelle. We will shortly come to
see that this is significantly different in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic DNA is
found in the central part of the cell: a darkened region called the nucleoid
(Figure 1).
Unlike Archaea and eukaryotes, bacteria have a cell wall made of
peptidoglycan, comprised of sugars and amino acids, and many have a

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polysaccharide capsule (Figure 1). The cell wall acts as an extra layer of
protection, helps the cell maintain its shape, and prevents dehydration. The
capsule enables the cell to attach to surfaces in its environment. Some
prokaryotes have flagella, pili, or fimbriae. Flagella are used for locomotion.
Pili are used to exchange genetic material during a type of reproduction
called conjugation. Fimbriae are protein appendages used by bacteria to
attach to other cells.

Components of Eukaryotic Cell

What are the key features of eukaryotic cells? Unlike prokaryotic
cells, eukaryotic cells have:
1. A membrane-bound nucleus, a central cavity surrounded by
membrane that houses the cell’s genetic material.
2. A number of membrane-bound organelles, compartments with
specialized functions that float in the cytosol. (Organelle means “little
organ,” and this name reflects that the organelles, like the organs of
our body, have unique functions as part of a larger system.)
3. Multiple linear chromosomes, as opposed to the single circular
chromosome of a prokaryote.

Eukaryotic cells are much more complicated than those of prokaryotes. They
are packed with a fascinating array of subcellular structures that play
important roles in energy balance, metabolism, and gene expression.
A eukaryote is an organism made up of one or more eukaryotic cells. All
multicellular organisms are made of eukaryotic cells. The DNA of a
eukaryotic cell is found in an internal compartment of the cell called the
nucleus. All eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles. An
organelle is a small structure found in the cytoplasm that carries out
specific activities inside the cell. Each organelle in a eukaryotic cell
performs distinct functions. The complex organization of eukaryotic cells
enables them to carry out more specialized functions than prokaryotic cells.

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Prokaryotes versus Eukaryotes
The difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes are detailed below.
Characteristic Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Size of cell Typically 0.1-5.0 mm in Typically 10-100 mm in
diameter diameter
Nucleus No nuclear membrane True nucleus,
or nucleoli consisting of nuclear
membrane and nucleoli
Membrane-enclosed Absent Present; examples
organelles include lysosomes, golgi
complex, endoplasmic
reticulum, mitochondria
and chloroplast
Flagella Consist of two protein Complex, consist of
building blocks multiple microtubules
Glycocalyx Present as a capsule or Present in some cells
slime layer that lack a cell wall
Cell Wall Usually present; When present,
chemically complex chemically simple
(typical bacterial cell
wall includes
peptidoglycan)
Plasma membrane No carbohydrates and Sterols and
generally lacks sterols carbohydrates that
serve as receptors
present
Cytoplasm No cytoskeleton Cytoskeleton
Ribosomes Smaller size (70S) Larger size (80S);
smaller size (70S) in
organelles
Chromosome (DNA Single circular Multiple linear
Arrangment) chromosome; lack chromosomes with
histones histones
Cell division Binary fission Mitosis
Sexual reproduction No meiosis Involves Meiosis

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 What’s More

Activity 1. Understanding Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell

1. Student must construct a 3-D model of either a prokaryotic or eukaryotic
cell.
2. Students may use any recyclable materials.
3. After constructing a 3-D model, complete the table below.

I. Under each type of cell, write check mark if the cell structure is present
and x mark if absent.
CELL STRUCTURE PROKARYOTIC EUKARYOTIC BOTH
CELL CELL
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
DNA
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Vacuoles
Endoplasmic
reticulum (rough)
Chloroplast
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondrion
Ribosomes
Lysosomes

II. How big are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

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 What I Have Learned

1. There are two main types of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
2. Both cells share four common components such as plasma membrane,
cytoplasm, DNA and ribosomes.
3. Prokaryotic cells are small and simple. They lacks nucleus and membrane
bound organelles.
4. Eukaryotic cell contains nucleus and may organelles.
5. The prokaryotic cell is approximately 10x smaller than eukaryotic cell.
6. Two cells differ from size and complexity.
7. Organelle is a tiny organ which has a specialized structure that performs
important cellular functions within a cell.
8. Nucleus is a structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of
DNA.

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 What I Can Do

To relate the topic in our real life situation, answer the following questions.
How do individual differ from one another?
What are your role and responsibility as a good citizen of our country?
How do you relate yourself to prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Why are you unique?

Assessment

Write the answer to these questions in complete sentences.

1. The cell shown below is a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell. How do

you know?

2. Which of these structures do prokaryotes and eukaryotes share?

List all that apply
a. nucleus b. cell wall c. organelles d. plasma membrane
e. ribosomes

3. DNA is the genetic code of all organisms. Describe the location of

DNA in both types of cells.

4. Compare the sizes of a typical prokaryote verses a eukaryote.

5. In paragraph form, compare and contrast the structure of

prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Write TRUE if the statement is correct, otherwise if it is false, change

the underlined words to make the statement correct.

6. Prokaryotic cell has a membrane bound nucleus.

7. Eukaryotic cell is 20x bigger than prokaryotic cell.
8. Eukaryotic cell has a membrane bound organelles.

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9. DNA can be found in cytoplasm of prokaryotic cell.
10. DNA can be found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cell.
11. Plant cell is an example of eukaryotic cell.
12. Eukaryotes contain DNA and ribosomes.
13. Prokaryotic is bigger than eukaryotic cell.
14. The cell wall acts as an extra layer of protection.
15. Prokaryotic cells are small and simple.

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References

Hartman H. The Origin and Evolution of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell. New
Jersey: Scientific Pub. Co. 2006
Lewin, B. Cells. George Plopper Jones and Bantlette Publisher. 2007.
https://www.cpalms.org/Public/PreviewResourceLesson/Preview/129019
https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/3-2-comparing-prokaryotic-and-
eukaryotic-cells/

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