PLANNING &

PROGRAMMING
GROUP 2
PLANNING
PLANNING
It is the primary preparation of the
beginning of every action.
According to M.E Harley Planning is
deciding in advance what is to be
done. It comprises the selection of
objectives, policies procedures and
programmes from among
alternatives.
Characteristics of Planning
The following characteristics of planning may be
defined:
(I) Planning is closely associated with the goals of
the organization. These goals might be implicit or
explicit; however, well defined goals lead to
efficient planning.
(II) Planning is primarily concerned with looking
into the future. It requires future forecasting.
(III) Planning involves selection of the best
alternatives to achieve in the organization.
(IV) Planning is comprehensive and includes
every course of action in the organization.
(V) Planning is flexible as it is concerned with
future conditions which are dynamic
PLANNING PROCESS 50

Planning is a conscious and deliberate effort.

40
It is a rational and determined approach to
the achievement of an objective. It is not the
30
result of chance and cannot be acquired in a
“fit of absent –mindedness”. Planning involves
20
a succession of steps since it is integrative and
comprehensive in nature; it is an attempt at
10
coordination, integration and systematization
of efforts for the achievement of self-
0
objectives. Item 1 Item 2 It
Steps in Planning Process
According to Seckler-Hudson the steps are:
1. A careful definition and limitation of the problems
as far as possible.
2. The exploration of all available information
pertaining to the problem.
3. The posing of possible alternative solutions or
methods of solving the problems.
4. The experimenting of one or more tentative
solutions through actual operations.
Steps in Planning Process
According to Millet, these steps are:
1. The formulation of goals or objectives.
2. An assessment of the means or resources
available to realize these goals.
3. The preparation of a work programs designed to
achieve the determined
objectives.
Schaffer suggests THREE classic steps in
corporate planning:
1. Research
2. Formulation of objectives
3. Strategic planning
Why is decision making important in Planning?
The importance of “Decision Making” is needed
in almost all levels of organization to execute or
to implement the planning in the right direction.
The concept is better explained by “Webster’s
Dictionary” that “Decision Making as the art of
determining or an opinion of one’s own mind for
a cause of action “. One’s planning must be
authentic and objective oriented by right
decision making.
Skills in Decision Making:
1. Problem Identification - Identifying the problem through Behavioral
20%
observation and measurement
2. Collection of Related Facts - For proper analysis, study the
problem, find the facts related to it, meet the people, ask the
decision, find the influential associates and find the decision
carefully. Similarly classify the problem and separate the collected
facts. Analyze the data and determine the data which is useful Demographic
20%
and separate the non-useful data. Then proper evaluation will be
conducted for the solution.
3. Decision Finding - In the conclusion alternative choices should be
taken whenever one has to judge, one must have alternatives
among which one can choose. The choices depend on various
circumstances like with possible resources collected at that time.
RECAP OF IMPORTANT POINTS IN PLANNING
Planning is a major creative idea about organizational
function.
It minimizes risk and uncertainty.
Its decisions guide the future of every organization.
It strives for efficiency in organization by achieving objectives
It performs the operations of organization effectively since
without planned operations desired results cannot be
achieved.
It ultimately boasts the morale of the organization by
providing an emotional and administrative climate conducive
to high morale.
It facilitates control.
Decision making is also very important for the leaders.
Right decision can rectify many organizational obstacles.
PROGRAMMING
PROGRAMMING
PROGRAM DEFINED - is a unit of planned
purposive activities. Programs are
coordinated groups of activities
maintained over a period of time, aimed at
producing a specific type or types of
service.
Example: family and child welfare
programs, youth welfare programs,
rehabilitation programs, etc.
Parameters for programming objectives

1 Defining existing resources in the

community and agency resources and
identifying service areas.
2. Identifying gaps in service areas and/or
resources.
3. Identifying the factors related to gaps.
 Definition of areas of service
1. Identify the interventive approach to be
taken - the forms that the service will take to
meet the needs.
2. Review of available resources of the agency
- the material needed
a) Administrative structure
b) Manpower
c) Funding
3. Strategy and projection planning.
a) Setting specific objective
b) Defining strategies to meet the objectives
c) Defining support needed to achieve
objectives.
RECAP OF IMPORTANT POINTS IN PROGRAMMING
Programs are organized collections of actions that are maintained
throughout time with the goal of generating a specified type or types
of service.
To coordinate operations, assess the program, and start action to
improve the program, effective program management is required.
Regulations establish the program's basic requirements.
Funding for improved and ongoing preparation planning should be
included in the annual budget process.
The schedule should be used by the program coordinator to track
the completion of activities and tasks and to detect any timetable
slippage.
Keep in mind the necessity for frequent evaluations as you design
the program. Use performance objectives to determine whether or
not goals and objectives are being met.
Committee meetings, training, exercises, assessments, and
corrective action should all be documented.
mga ferson
SHANNA MAE CASTO
RUEL DUHAYLUNGSOD
TIM JAPETH DE LOS REYES
Thank
You