ST.

LOUISE DE MARILLAC COLLEGE OF SORSOGON

BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
S.Y. 2020-2021

MATHEMATICS 10
Learning Module

FIRST QUARTER

Sequences and Polynomial Equations

Name:____________________________________________________

Grade and Section:_________________________________

FOREWORD
 MS. MARIE CRIS D. DESALISA
Mathematics 10 Teacher

Dear Students,
This module is especially designed to be your guide as you explore,
discover and appreciate Mathematics 10. This will also help you to develop
different concepts and skills through the varied activities that will surely
equipped you with the 21 st century skills (e.g. critical thinking and problem
solving). Thus, accompanying parts of the lessons are given:

EXPLORE activates your prior knowledge and clarifies expectation

on how learning shall be.

FIRM-UP equips you with skills and knowledge to be successful

throughout the lesson.

DEEPEN encourages you to reflect, rethink, and revise your

understanding and formulate generalization of the lesson.

TRANSFER provides the application of learning for a new or

different context.

Together let us all grow to becoming more mathematically

inclined Filipinos.
“Encourage one another, and may your mutual good example speak
louder than any words can”.
-St. Louise de Marillac

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 THINGS TO REMEMBER!

To do well in this module, you need to remember and do the following:

1. Read everything carefully and thoroughly.

2. Always follow the instructions.
3. Finish each activity and submit your output before proceeding to the next module.
4. Take down notes in your computer or notebook. Process questions will always be asked
to check your understanding.
5. Use a dictionary to look for the meaning of unfamiliar words.
6. Utilize your textbook and magazines as major references for independent learning.
7. Use the given rubric to guide you in the preparation and evaluation of the expected
outputs.
8. Consult your teacher if you need to clarify or verify something about a specific activity or
in the lesson. You may contact your teacher’s google account
(mariecrisdesalisa@gmail.com) or indicate your comments and suggestions in the
suggestion box found at the last part of the module.
9. Follow the schedule of the modules, remind yourself of deadlines. Always read in
advance.
10. Find time to relax and take a break. Have fun learning!

Lessons and Coverage for the Quarter:

In this unit you are expected to answer the key question below:

How can you solve problems involving sequences, polynomials and polynomial
equations in different disciplines through appropriate and accurate representations?

Student Learning Targets:

 I can generate pattern

 I can illustrate Arithmetic Sequence.
 I can determine arithmetic means, nth term of an arithmetic sequence and sum of the
terms of a given arithmetic sequence.
 I can illustrate a geometric sequence.
 I can differentiate a geometric sequence from an arithmetic sequence.
 I can determine geometric means, nth term of a geometric sequence and sum of the
terms of a given finite or infinite geometric sequence.
 I can solve problems involving sequences.
 I can perform division of polynomials using long division and synthetic division.
 I can prove the Remainder Theorem, Factor Theorem and the Rational Root Theorem.
 I can factor polynomials.
 I can illustrate polynomial equations.
 I can solve problems involving polynomials and polynomial equations.
Module Map:

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 Here is a simple map of the above lesson that we will cover for the first quarter. In this
module we are going to focus on the highlighted box.
Patterns, Arihmetic Sequence,Means and Series

Geometric Sequences and Series

Infinite and Finite Geometric Sequences
Sequences and
Polynomial Equations Solving Problems Involving Sequences

Long and Synthetic Division Involving Polynomials

Renainder,Factor and Rational Root Therorem and Facto
Polynomials

Polynomials and Problems Involving Polynomial Equati

PRE-ASSESSMENT:

Let’s find out how much you already know about this unit. Kindly answer the short test
below. Read carefully, and then encircle the letter of the correct answer. Take note of the
questions that you find difficult to answer.

1. Which of the following represents an infinite sequence?

a. 1,3,6,10,15,… c. 2,4,
b. 1,3,6,10,15 d. n, o, q , s,……..
2. The sum of the terms of a sequence is called a/an ____.
a. Arithmetic Sequence c. Sequence
b. Arithmetic Series d. Series
3. The sum of the first 14 terms of an arithmetic sequence is 434. If the first term is -34,
what is the common difference?
a. 2 c. 3
b. 10 d. 11
4. What is the sum of the first 100 counting numbers?
a. 5050 c. 5005
b. 500 d. 505
5. A car that costs Php 700,000.00 depreciates every year for an amount of Php 50,000.00.
How much will the cost be at the end of ten years?
a. Php 350,000.00 c. Php 285, 000.00
b. Php 250, 000.00 d. Php 200,000.00

Thank you for trying to answer the Pre- Assessment given to you. You
may check your answers in the Self check that you can find at the last
part of this module.

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 Week 1

Module 1: Patterns, Arithmetic Sequence, Means

and Series

Figure 1: Applications of Arithmetic Sequence and Series

Learner’s Target
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 I can generate pattern.
 I can illustrate Arithmetic Sequence.
 I can determine arithmetic means, nth term of an arithmetic sequence and sum of the
terms of a given arithmetic sequence.
 I can solve simple problems involving arithmetic sequence and series in real life
scenario.

Welcome dear students in Mathematics 10!

When you were in grade 9 Mathematics your skills in engineering
were fully developed. Now you are going to deal more to becoming
fully aware of the applications of patterns in real life and how it
affects
SLMCS BED Mathematics Learning Module 1 |our daily
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 Let’s now explore and discover what you have to know in this module. Your first thing to do is to
observe the pictures below then answer the process questions that follow.

EXPLORE

Since time began, people have always observed and analysed patterns in nature such as
the rising and setting of the sun, the movements of the stars in the sky and the changes in the
seasons. We find patterns in math, but we also find patterns in nature, art, music, and
literature. Patterns provide a sense of order in what might otherwise appear chaotic.
Researchers have found that understanding and being able to identify recurring patterns allow
us to make educated guesses, assumptions, and hypothesis; it helps us develop important skills
of critical thinking and logic.
This pattern – finding has led to the development of mathematics. The mathematical
and scientific formulas we have today are but statements of relationships observed through
pattern- finding.

Activity no. 1 (Articulated in English)

 Go back to your first activity in English 10-Module 1 entitled Cipher Area then answer
the following Process Questions.

Process Questions:
1. What pattern did you observe in the activity?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________.

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 2. How were you able to answer it?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
3. Similarly, what pattern can you observe in your everyday life as a student? Are you able
to keep up with the pattern? How?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________.
4. Do you want to change any ‘pattern’ in your life at the moment? Why or why not?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_____.

After recognising patterns everywhere and its importance in your

daily living you are now ready to develop the skills needed in this
module. Let us see if you can generate patterns which are arithmetic
and solve problems regarding this.

FIRM- UP
Let’s gather ideas about Sequences. Read and ponder on the situation below.

Commuters can determine their train fare knowing that the fare is increased by five
pesos after every station from whey they boarded. If the base fare is Php 15.00, how much
would the passenger pay if he or she will board on the first station and alight at the fourth one?
What if he or she will alight at the eight station?
Process Questions:
1. What pattern does the train fare per station make?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
2. How can you find the amount of fare in the succeeding stations?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________.

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 3. How much would be the fare on the 10th station?
______________________________________________________________________.
4. Can you expect this pattern to continue infinitely? Why do you say so?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.

The example above illustrates a sequence involving a specified set of

numbers. Let’s have more examples below and understand the concept
behind this.

1. 3,6,9,12,________ Answer: 15
2. 1,4,9,16,________ Answer: 25
3. 10,6,2,-2,_______ Answer: -6

Good to Know!

A sequence¿ ¿ ) is a set of numbers or figures based on a pattern or rule. Each

member of the sequence is called a term or element. The sum of the terms of a
sequence forms a series(S¿¿ n)¿. A sequence can either be infinite or finite.
A sequence is infinite if its domain is the set of positive integers without a last
term, (1,2,3,4,5,…). The three dots show that the sequence goes on and on indefinitely.
A sequence is finite if its domain is the set of positive integers (1,2,3,4,5,…,n)
which has a last term, n.
In the sequence 1,3,6,10,15,… we can denote the terms as follows:
Figure 3: WORLD MAP
a 1=1a 2=3a 3=6a 4=10
Write your answers to the questions above by filling in the “Put on the Map” worksheet.
a 5=15

Where n is 5 as the total number of terms in a given sequence. The nth term formula is
denoted by a n=2 n+1

Let us go back to the initial problem on the train fare. The sequence can be written
as,
15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50
5 5 5 5 5 5 5
There is a difference of 5 between any term and the term before it. This is an
example of an arithmetic sequence or arithmetic progression, in which the difference
between any two consecutive terms is constant. The common difference is denoted as d.

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Activity no. 2 COMPLETE ME!
Direction: Complete the table below, identify the first term, common difference and the
next term.

Sequence First term ,a 1 d Next term

a.2,5,8,11,…
1 2 1
b.1,1 ,1 ,2 , 2 ,…
3 3 3
c.17,12,7,2,-3,…

Process Question:
1. How can an arithmetic sequence be determined?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________.

It’s nice to know that you were able to determine if the given sequence is
arithmetic or not. Now let us find out how you are going to determine the
nth term of a given arithmetic sequence.

In any arithmetic Sequence the formula is denoted by,

a n=a1 + ( n−1 ) d to determine its nth term.

Determine the 10th term in the sequence -50,-30,-10, 10, 30,…

Given: n= 10 d = 20 a 1=−50

Solution: a n=a1 + ( n−1 ) d

Conclusion: The 10th term
a 10=−50+ ( 10−1 ) 20
of the sequence is 130.
a 10 =−50+(9) 20
a 10 =−50+180

a 10 =130

Activity no.3 TRY THIS OUT!

A. Direction: Determine the indicated term in the following arithmetic sequences.
Show your complete solution using the formula. Write your answer inside the box
per item.

2. a 18 : {0, 20, 40, 60, …}

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 1. a 5 : {2, 5, 8, …}

3. a 20 : {4, 8, 12, …}

B. Using the formula in any arithmetic sequence try to find for the unknown in the
following problems.

1. Determine the value of x so that 2x, 3x and 5x+4 will represent the first three terms of
an arithmetic sequence.
2. Which term of the sequence {3, 19, 35, …} is 307?
3. The first term in an arithmetic sequence is 11 and the common difference is -5. Which
term is -139?

Process Question:
1. How are you going to use the formula of an arithmetic sequence to solve for the other
unknown values like the common difference and the n?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.

You are done with at least two of the learning targets. Keep going. This time
it’s the sum of the terms in an arithmetic sequence and the terms between
any two non-consecutive terms in an arithmetic sequence that we will
explore.

An arithmetic series is the sum of the terms of an arithmetic sequence. The formula in
determining the sum of a number of terms, denoted by Sn, of an arithmetic sequence
are,
n
Sn= [2 a1 + ( n−1 ) d ] or
2
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Sn= [a1 +a n ]
2
An arithmetic means are the terms between any two non-consecutive terms.
 1. Determine the sum of the first 10 terms of the arithmetic sequence 4,15,26,37,…
Solution: first term: 4, common difference: 11, n: 10 Note
n Always express your
Sn= [2 a1 + ( n−1 ) d ]
2 final answer in
conclusion.
10
S10= [2(4)+ ( 10−1 ) 11]
2
S10=535 Conclusion: The sum of the first10 terms is 535.

2. Insert 3 arithmetic means between 6 and 30.

Solution: a 1=6, a 5=30 , and n = 5

Solve for d using a n=a1 + ( n−1 ) d . Hence, 6+6= 12, 12+6= 18 and 18+6=24.
30=6+ (5-1) d Therefore: The arithmetic means are 12, 18
30= 6+4d and 24.
24=4d
6=d

Activity no.4 EUREKA!

I.Direction: Solve for the indicated sum of terms in the following arithmetic sequences.

1. S7 ={0,6,12 , … }

2. Find the sum of the first 30 counting numbers.

3. Find the sum of the first 12 terms of the arithmetic sequence 50, 47, 44, 41, 38,…

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II.Direction: Determine the arithmetic means as indicated.
Study Tip
1. Two arithmetic means between 9 and 36.
Always identify the
given first before
substituting it to the
formula.

2. Three arithmetic means between -5 and 20.

Process Question:
1. What is the difference between the two formula given in Arithmetic Series?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________.

DEEPEN

In the activities above you are able to solve simple arithmetic sequences,
means and series. Therefore you will have an idea on how are we going to
use these knowledge and relate these in solving real life problems. You can
do it!

Solving Problems involving Arithmetic Sequences and Series

Analyse the examples below and answer the following process questions.

1.A company offers Delin a starting yearly salary of

Php 240, 000.00 with raises of Php 20,000.00 per
year. What will be his salary on the 10th year?

Solution: a 1=240,000.00 n= 10 d= 20,000.00

Substitute the given in the formula:

a n=a1 + ( n−1 ) d

a 10=240,000+ ( 10−1 ) 20,000

a 10=420,000

Therefore: Delin’s salary on the 10th year is

Php 420,000.00
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 2. Assume that the picture is a stack of soap
boxes that has 12 boxes in the bottom row, 11
boxes in the second row, 10 in the next row and
so on. How many boxes are there in the stack?
Solution: 1. Understand the problem.
Since each succeeding row has one fewer box
and the bottom has 12 boxes, there must be 12
rows.

The total number of boxes in the stack will be given by:

12+11+10+…+1 we can use the formula for finding the sum of the sequence:
n
Sn= [a1 +a n ] since the first and last term are given
2
2. Write the equation and solve.
12
S12= [12+1]
2
S12 =¿ 78

Therefore: there are 78 soap boxes in the stack.

Activity no. 5: I CAN SOLVE IT!

Solve for the following problems involving arithmetic sequences and series.

1.A nanny’s monthly salary increases by Php 250 every six months. If
Amy receives Php 4,000.00 in January 2021, how much will be her
monthly salary 5 years later?

2.The period between full moons has been observed to be

29.53 days. If the full moon of the year occurs 5.62 days into
the year (the sixth day of the year), when will the sixth full
moon of the year occur?
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 3.A family saves Php 1,000.00 in January, Php 1,200.00 in
February, Php 1,400.00 in March and so on. How much will
they save in one year?

Process Questions:
1. How are formula for arithmetic sequence used in order to answer real life problems?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________.
2. When are you going to use Arithmetic sequence and series formula in solving real life problems?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________.
3. In this time of pandemic, how can you as Louisean practice saving (not only in terms of money)
as part of your contribution to your parents, knowing that they are also affected by the
economic recession?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________.

CONGRATULATIONS! You are almost done with the first module. This time all
you need to do is to finish the transfer task to wrap up all your learnings for
this module.

TRANSFER
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 MINI PERFORMANCE :

You are considering two job offers. Company A will start you
at Php 120,000.00 annually and guarantee a raise of Php 24,000.00
per year. Company B will start you at a higher salary. Php 18,000.00
annually, but will only guarantee a raise of Php 12,000.00 per year.
Find the total salary that each of company will pay you over a five
year period. Which company pays the greater total amount? Which of
the two companies will you choose and why?

Show your complete solution for the two companies at the

next page.

My Answer Here!

Company A Company B

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 Congratulations for completing all the tasks in this
module. This is a sign of a very good start for you.
Keep it up and we will still be on this together for the
succeeding modules. God bless!

Self- Check Assessment

Pre-Assessment:
Score Feedback Board
1. a
Hands Up for getting 4-5 points
2. b
Well done for getting 2-3 points
3. b
Good job for getting 1 point
4. a
No worries if you did not get any point at least
5. b you have tried. There is always a joy in trying.

Comments and Suggestions here!

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 References and Websites Used in this Module:

References:
Book: Grade 10 Mathematics Patterns and Practicalities
Author: Gladys C. Nivera , Ph.D and Minie Rose C. LApinid, Ph.D.
Book: Realistic Mathematics Scaling Greater Heights
Author: Joan Eunice P. Tolentino et.al
Worksheet: PEAC JHS INSET Learning Module Exemplar
Images:
http://search.coolclips.com/m/vector/vc090485/businessman-caught-between-two-buildings/
https://www.google.com/search?q=family+picture+with+savings&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiqk--
hwYvrAhURzYsBHTJtDYoQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=family&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgAMgQIIxAnMgUIABCxAzIFCAAQsQMyAggAMgQIABBD
MgIIADICCAAyBAgAEEMyAggAMgIIADoHCCMQ6gIQJzoICAAQsQMQgwFQytgCWO7kA2C69wNoAnAAe
ASAAY0DiAGzE5IBBzAuNC42LjGYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ7ABCsABAQ&sclient=img&ei=V40uX-
qLPJGar7wPstq10Ag&bih=627&biw=1311&client=opera&hs=U52&hl=fil&hl=fil#imgrc=gKJgxw_B8rscH
M
https://www.google.com/search?
q=A+nanny+clipart&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwi854ubwovrAhVB6pQKHaP5BXMQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=A+nanny+clipart&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoECAAQEzoICAAQCBAeEBM6BggAEAgQHlCtD
FjCHmDDIWgAcAB4AIAB0AGIAYkLkgEFMC43LjGYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ8ABAQ &sclient=img
&ei=Vo4uX7zkDMHU0wSj85eYBw&bih=627&biw=1311&client=opera&hs=U52&hl=fil&hl=fil#i
mgrc=XvXobFZzn7t-UM

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