o Wrote notes on hospitals

EDUCATIVE PERIOD
 Florence Nightingale
o Became the Superintendent of  Other Schools of Nursing
the Establishment for Gentle o Bellevue Training School for
Women during the illness (refers Nurses – New York City
to the ill governess or instructors o Alexian Brothers Hospital School
of Nursing) of Nursing in US exclusively for
o She disapproved restriction on men. It opened in 1348 and it
admission of patient and closed down in 1969.
considered this unchristian and
contrary to health care.  Linda Richards – the first graduate
o Upgraded the practice of Nursing nurse in US. Graduated in September 1,
and made Nursing a honorable 1873.
profession  2 Nursing Association / Organizations
o Led other nurses in taking care of that upgraded Nursing Practice in US:
the wounded and sick soldiers o American Nurses Association
during the Crimean War o National League for Nursing
o She was designated as Education
Superintendent if the Female
Establishment of English General CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
Hospital in Turkey during the  World War II – present
Crimean War  This refers to the period after World War
o She reduced the casualties of I and the changes and development in
war by 42%-2% through her effort the trends and practice of Nursing
by improving the practice of occurring since 1945 after World War II.
sanitation techniques and  Includes scientific and technological
procedure in the military barracks development, social changes occurring
 The Concepts of Florence Nightingale after the war.
on Nursing School:  Nursing is offered in College and
o School of Nursing should be self- Universities.
supporting not subject to the  Development and Trends:
whimps of the Hospital. o W.H.O established by U.N to fight
o Have decent living quarters for diseases by providing health
students and pay Nurse information, proper nutrition,
instructors living standard, environmental
o Correlate theories of practice conditions.
o Support nursing research and o The use of Atomic energy for
promote continuing education for diagnosis and treatment.
nurses o Space Medicine and Aerospace
o Introduce teaching knowledge Nursing
that disease could be eliminated o Medical equipment and machines
by cleanliness and sanitation and for diagnosis and treatment
Florence Nightingale likewise did o Health related laws
not believed in the Germ Theory o Primary Health Care – Nurses
of Bacteriology. involvement in CHN
o Opposed central registry of o Utilization of computers
nurses o Technology advances such as
o Wrote Notes on Nursing. “What is
development of disposable
and what it is not.” equipment and supplies that
 relieved the tedious task of  Gov. Francisco de Sande
Nurses.  To give service to the
o Development of the expanded king’s Spaniard soldiers
role of Nurses. o San Lazaro Hospital – 1578
 Fray Juan Clemente
 Factors affecting Nursing today:  Named after the Knights of
o Economics St. Lazarus
o Consumer’s demand  Hospital for the lepers
o Family Structure o Hospital de Indios – 1586
o Information and  Francisco Orders
Telecommunications  Hospital for the poor
o Legislation Filipino people

HISTORY OF NURSING (PHILIPPINE o Hospital de Aguas Santas – 1590

SETTING)  Fray Juan Bautista
 Early beliefs and practices  Named after its location
o Beliefs about causation of (near spring) because
people believed that spring
diseases:
has a healing power.
 Caused or inflicted by
other person (enemy or
o San Juan de Dios Hospital –
witch)
 Evil spirits 1596
o Beliefs that Evil spirits could be  For poor people
 Located at Roxas
driven off by person with powers
Boulevard
to expel bad spirits:
 Believed in Gods of
healing  Personages:
 Word doctors – priest o Dona Hilaria de Aguinaldo
physicians  1st wife of Emilio Aguinaldo
 Herbolarios – herb doctors  Established Philippine Red
Cross – February 17, 1899
 Early Care of the sick
o Herbicheros – herbmen who o Don Maria Agoncillo de Aginaldo
practice witchcraft  2nd wife of Emilio
o Mangkukulam / Mangagaway – a Aguinaldo
 1st president of Philippine
person suffering from disease
Red Cross (Batangas
without any identified cause and
Chapter)
were believed bewitched by such
o Difficult child birth and some
o Josephine Bracken
disease attributed to (NONO)
 Helped Rizal in treating
midwives
sick people
o Difficult birth, witches were
exposed to be the cause,
o Melchora Aquino
gunpowder exploded from a
 Took care of the wounded
bamboo pole close to the head of
Katipuneros
the mother to drive evil spirits
o Anastacia Giron Tupaz
 Early Hospitals
o Hospital Real de Manila – 1577  Founder of Filipino Nurses
Association – established
 1st hospital established
on Octiber 15, 1922
  1st Filipino chief nurse of BEHAVIOR IN THE PROFESSIONAL
PGH ROLE.
 1st Filipino Superintendent - FUNDAMENTALS OF
of Nurses in the NURSING.POTTER/PERRY.PAGE3
Philippines

o Francisco Delgado
 1st president of Filipino
Nurses Association

o Cesaria Tan
 1st Filipino to receive
Masteral Degree in
Nursing abroad BENNER’S LEVEL OF PROFICIENCY
o Socorro Diaz (FROM NOVICE TO EXPERT)
 1st editor of PNA magazine
called, “The Message”
o Conchita Ruiz
 Full time editor of the PNA
newly named magazine,
“The Filipino Nurse”
 Early Nursing Schools
o Iloilo Mission Hospital and School
of Nursing
 Established in 1906 under
the supervision of Rose
Nicolet (American)
 Nursing course = 3 years
 Produced 1st batch of
Nursing graduates in 1909
= 22 nurses
 1st Trained Nurses:
1. Nicasia Cada
2. Felipa Dela Pena
3. Dorotea Caldito
 April 1944 – 1st Nursing
Board Exam at Iloilo
Mission Hospital
o PGH School of Nursing – 1907  
o St. Paul School of Nursing – 1907 FIELDS OF NURSING
o St. Luke’s School of Nursing –
1907 Nursing in Primary Care Setting
o UST – 1946  Primary – initial health care for general
o Fatima – 1947 complaints
 Usually the person’s 1st contact with the
ANA PROFESSIONAL NURSING health care delivery system
PERFORMANCE  Managing current health care needs,
 THE ANA STANDARDS OF and preventing further problems.
PROFESSIONAL PERFORMANCE 1. Public Health Nursing
DESCRIBE A COMPETENT LEVEL OF 2. Occupational nursing
3. Clinic nursing
 4. School nursing  Types of Care
5. Private duty nursing o Full Care  for completely
6. Military nursing dependent patient
7. Ambulatory care nursing o Partial Care  for partially
8. Nursing in correlational facilities dependent patient
 Institutional nursing: Hospital nursing o Supportive-Educative care  to
o Director if nursing assist clients in attaining their
o Clinical coordinator highest possible level of health
o Head nurse and wellness; for learnings
o Staff nurses
 OB-Gyne nursing Communicator
 Pediatric nursing  Integral to all nursing roles
 Orthopedic nursing  Nurses communicate with the client,
 OR nursing support persons, other health
 Med-surgical nursing professionals, and people in the
 Psychiatric nursing community
 ER nursing  Nurses identify client problems and then
 Critical care nursing communicate these verbally or in writing
o Flight nurse to other members of the health team
o Infection-surveillance nurse
Teacher
Nursing in Tertiary Care Setting  Nurses help clients learn about their
1. Skilled care setting health and the health care procedure
2. Rehabilitation setting they need to perform to restore or
3. Advanced Practice Nursing (APN) maintain their health.
o Clinical nurse specialist  Nurses assesses the client’s learning
o Nurse anesthetist needs and readiness to learn, sets
o Nurse educator specific learning goals in conjunction
o Nurse administrator with the client, enacts teaching
o Nurse researcher strategies, and measures learning.
ROLES OF A NURSE  Nurses also teachers unlicensed
 Role assistive personnel to whom they
- A goal directed act or behavior that is delegate care, and they share their
considered acceptable to the culture expertise with other nurses and health
of given situation. professionals
o Caregiver
o Communicator Client Advocate
o Teacher  Acts to protect the client
o Client Advocate  Nurse may represent the client’s needs
and wishes to other health
o Counselor
professionals, such as relaying the
o Change Agent
client’s wishes for information to the
o Leader physician.
o Manager  Nurses assist clients in exercising their
o Case Manager rights and help them speak up for
o Research Consumer themselves.
o Role Model
o Administrator Counselor
o Expanded Career Roles  Helping a client recognize and cope
Caregiver with stressful psychologic or social
 Primary Goal problems, to develop improved
 interpersonal relationships, and to Role Model
promote personal growth.  Hs good physical appearance
 Involves providing emotional,  Practices proper hygiene
intellectual and psychologic support.  Practices healthy lifestyle
 Nurses counsel primarily healthy
individuals with normal adjustment Administrator
difficulties and focuses on helping the  Assumes middle management position
person develop new attitudes, feelings,  Connects the patient to other services of
behaviors by encouraging the client to the hospital
look at alternative behaviors,
recognizing the choices, and develop Expanded Career Roles
sense of control.  Nurse practitioner, clinical nurse
specialist, nurse midwife, nurse
Change Agent educator, nurse researcher, and nurse
 Assisting others to make medications in anesthetist
their own behavior  All of which allow greater independence
 Nurses also often act to make changes and autonomy
in a system if it is not helping client
return to health. CHARACTERISTICS AND ATTRIBUTES OF
A PROFESSIONAL PERSON
Leader  Is concerned with quality. – ksa
 Influences others to work together to  Is self-directed, responsible and
accomplish a specific goal. accountable for his actions.
 Can be employed at different levels:  Is able to make independent and sound
individual client, family, groups of judgment including high moral judgment.
clients, colleagues, or the community  Is dedicated to the improvement of
human life.
Case Manager  Is committed to the spirit of inquiry.
 Work with the multidisciplinary health
care team to measure the effectiveness NURSING AS A PROFESSION
of the case management plan and to  Primary Characteristics:
monitor outcomes. o Education
 Works with primary or staff nurses to o Theory
oversee the care of a specific caseload.
o Service
 Primary nurse or provides some level of
o Autonomy
direct care to the client and family
o Code of Ethics
 Helps ensure that care is oriented to the
client, while controlling costs. o Caring
 Professional Nursing
Research Consumer - Art and science, dominated by an
 Often use research to improve client ideal of service in which certain
care principles are applied in skillful care
 Have some awareness of the process of the well and ill, and through
and language of research relationship with the client, significant
others and other members of the
 Be sensitive to issues related to
health team.
protecting the rights of human subjects
 Professional Nurse
 Participate in the identification of
- A person who has completed a basic
significant researchable problems
nursing education program and is
 Be a discriminating consumer of
licensed in his country or state to
research findings.
practice professional nursing.
 preventing accidents and injury in the
QUALITIES AND ABILITIES OF A home and workplace.
PROFESSIONAL NURSE
 Has faith in the fundamental values that Preventing Illness
underlie the democratic way of life:  The goal is to maintain optimal health by
o Respect for human dignity preventing diseases
o Self sacrifice for the common  Nursing activities includes
good immunizations, prenatal and infant care,
and prevention of sexually transmitted
o Strong sense of responsibility for
disease.
sharing in the solution of the
problems of the society. Pain/Suffering Alleviation
 Has a sense of responsibility for  The goal is to provide relief from pain to
understanding those with whom he promote comfortable healing process.
works or associates with through the
use of skills, Restoring Health
 Has the basic knowledge, skills and  Focuses on the ill client
attitudes necessary to address present  Extends from early detection of disease
day social problems, realistic and well- to helping the client during the recovery
organized thought through the use of period.
critical thinking
Nursing Activities:
 Has skills in using written and spoken
 Providing direct care to the ill person:
language, both to develop own thoughts
administering medications, baths, and
and to communicate them to others. specific procedures and treatments
 Appreciates and understands  Providing diagnostic and assessment
importance of good health procedures: measuring BP and
 Has emotional balance. examining feces for occult blood
 Accepts and tries to understand people  Consulting with other health care
of all sorts, regardless of race, religion professionals about client’s problems
and color.  Teaching clients about recovery
activities: exercise that will accelerate
FIVE FOLD NURSING FUNCTIONS recovery after a stroke
1. Promoting Health and Wellness  Rehabilitating clients to their optimal
2. Preventing Illness functional level following physical or
3. Pain/suffering alleviation medical illness, injury, or chemical
4. Restoring Health addiction.
5. Creation of a spiritual environment
CODE OF ETHICS FOR NURSING
Promoting Health and Wellness  Code of Ethics for Nurses in the
 Wellness – state of well-being. Engaging Philippines was devised as a guide for
in attitudes and behavior that enhance carrying out nursing responsibilities
the quality of life and maximize personal which would tackle difficult issues and
potential decisions that a profession might be
 For both healthy and ill. facing, and give clear instruction of what
 Involve individual and community action would be considered ethical or
activities to enhance healthy lifestyle, right in the given circumstance.
such as improving nutrition and physical  The code of Ethics for Registered
fitness, preventing drug and alcohol Nurses in the Philippines is promulgated
misuse, restricting smoking, and by the Board of Nursing (BON) and was
consulted with accredited professional
 organizations like the Philippine Nurses
Association. It also coincides with the
ideals of Republic Act No. 9173 or the
“Philippine Nursing Act of 2002”

SCOPE OF NURSING PRACTICE

 This bill seeks to institute reforms to
further protect and develop the
Nursing Profession, amending the
purpose Republic Act (RA) No.
9173, otherwise known as the
“Philippine Nursing Act of 2002.”
RA 9173 was enacted in 2002 to
provide a comprehensive definition
and understanding of the nursing
profession.