1.

The information of Safety requirements, instructions, required levels of quality, details

of the operations, information of the tools and equipment, requirements related to
environment from the statutory bodies are required to have the proper plan and
preparation.
2. The activities include the following:
a. Setting up of the instruments.
b. Setting and selection of the datum point.
c. Taking the readings of the datum point.
d. Booking of the levels on the basis of the readings.
e. Same process is followed at different locations.
3. OHS related to ensuring the proper working conditions for the employees. The
employees require proper ventilation and visibility to work. Therefore OHS guidelines
ensure the same thing at workplace. The health standards guidelines are covered under
the scope of OHS, therefore the same thing is ensured by OHS.
4. The safety acts of federal agencies, government and some other regulatory bodies
provide such information about the quality requirements. Safety (OHS) requirements
laid by the statutory and regulatory authority, Quality Assurance and Quality Controls
and some project quality management software can provide the required quality
requirements.
5. The waste management and optimum utilization comes under the scope of
environmental standards and requirements. Proper treatment of the wastage like reuse
and recycling is ensured by such requirements. The environmental requirements are
strictly related to the environment plans and codes for safety of environment & waste
management set by the statutory and regulatory authority. The obligations are set to
ensure the safety of the natural and other environmental resources during the
construction project.
6. The document that includes the plans and instructions for the building, kind of layout
and structure of the building is Building Specifications. The building contour report
provides the detail of height of the walls, the cut extent and the fill required.
7. The communication needs to be formal and clear with concise content. The platforms
for the communication should be easy and not so complex. The phone calls, intercoms,
radios etc. can be used at the site to communicate quickly. If the technology is not
possible and the communicators are at far place, then sign language can be helpful.
Proper and concise signs should be used.
8. Datum refers to the set of numerical data related to anything. So the numerical data or
readings that are taken with respect to the building levels of the surface are called
datum point. Precisely, the datum point is the base level of surface with respect to
which other levels are referred. The other levels or quantities are measured with
respect to this level. The assumed datum is an assumed benchmark value. The values of
other levels are reduced at least to this assumed level.
9. The building elevations provide the clear pictures of the levels and measurements to the
team. The height of collimation serves the purposes. The height of collimation refers to
the height of the plane, horizontal plane that is seen through the telescope. In other
words it, at the time of the setup, the elevation of the optical axis is called height of
collimation. However the collimation line is always an imaginary line.
10. The direct leveling which is mostly taken backwards is called backsight. Foresight is the
survey of the positions that is done from the known points towards the unknown points.
The level of the point which is already determined by reduced level and it is between
the back sight and fore sight is called intermediate sight.
11. The change point is the turning point of back and fore sight to which these are taken for
the leveling. This is the surveying point at which all the sights are taken when leveling is
done.
12. The levels are compared to other levels at the time of surveying. The RL is the level that
is compare to the other levels like datum level. At the time of surveying levels, the
assumed datum is set to which all other levels are reduced. The reduced level in the
surveying which equates the levels is called reduced level. It is also called relative level.
The level here refers to the elevation.
13. Some of the tools that are used for leveling are like circular level, leveling screw, gun
sight, base plate, focusing knob, objective lens, horizontal circle window and etc. So all
these are the tools that are used that have different features as well.
14. Dumpy level is used to restrict the movement in horizontal plane of telescope. Y level is
used in a way to support the vertical movement of the telescope. Cushing level restricts
the longitudinal rotation around the axis. Tilting level enables the vertical movement
around 4 degrees and horizontal movement as well.
15. Firstly it gives the straight beam line reference along the wall or floor etc. The laser
levels are easy to be mounted to a wall, the hands are free to mark lines, hammering
nails etc. to get straight line. So these are the advantages of this laser level. Although
this is said that laser level should be used by adopting proper safeguarding measures as
well.
16. The stadia lines, upper and lower have the function to find out the distance from
instrument to stations. By making use of the staff, stadia lines and the identified factor
of the instrument of leveling, this distance is calculated. The stadia lines also allow the
checking of cross hair readings.
17. Dumpy level is the easiest and most commonly used level to acknowledge the height of
the land masses. The BS and FS can be noted and then by using the RL, the rise and fall
can be recorded.
18. A safety glass and specific goggles should be used when the laser level is to be operated.
The beam should not be going or pointed directly to the eyes. The directly looking into
the beam should also be avoided.
19. The procedure is as following:
a. The tripod should be leveled as much as possible.
b. The auto level should be attached to the tripod then.
c. The adjustment of level should be done so bubble is centered.
d. Until the crosshairs are not clear, recital should be adjusted.
e. Until the object sighted is not clear, lens should be adjusted.
20. The peg test is used to determine the requirements for the adjustments that are
required with the line of the sight. The line of the sight is check for being parallel to the
bubble tube by using the two pegs in the sandy soil on harder surface paint is used. The
level is set in the halfway and then leveled.
21. The assistant surveyor holds the graduated staff in vertical form at the point of
measurement. The surveyor does the rotating of the telescope unless the graduated
staff is in cross hairs. This way sighting is done.
22. The shifting of the sight with respect to the RL is the rise and fall in the level. If the level
is moving upwards, it is rise and vice a versa is fall. The rise and fall is recorded with the
help of dumpty level during construction work.
23. In this method, the difference between the elevations of consecutive points is
calculated. The Back Sight, Inter Sight and Fore Sight should be known before the
application of the rise and fall method. The benchmark point is set and then BS, FS and
IS, is compared with it and rise and fall is found out.
24. The height of the instrument can be calculated by the addition of the elevation i.e. is RL
with the backsight reading. The elevation of the other point is taken by subtracting the
foresight from the height of the instrument. This way height of instrument method
works.
25. The different levels of the surfaces are required to be compared. The comparison allows
the rising and falling of the some of the levels. Therefore this method of rise and fall is
used. The method rise and fall allows marking of the back sight and fore sight readings.
The reading that can be done in between are called inter mediate readings. So this was
the readings can be booked by using this method.
26. Cleaning up is the process of winding up of the process and clearing of the surface of the
site. Here the clearing refers to both clearing of the wastage from the site and cleaning
up of the instruments and equipment as well. The site cleanup includes the disposing of
the material or making it available for re-using. The tools like telescope etc. used or
levels used are cleaned up properly. The devices used for the leveling are maintained
properly so that the same can be used later on for the manufacturer purposes.