22 Q2 Music of Latin America RM

MUSIC OF LATIN AMERICA
The music of Latin America is the product of three major influences- indigenous, Spanish-
Portuguese, and African. It is also referred to as Latin music because of the impact on the countries
colonized by Spain and Portugal.
 Andean Region
 Central America
 Caribbean
 Brazil
Major Ancestral Groups Brought About by Interracial Relations and Migration
 Indian Descendants
 African Descendants
 European Descendants
 Asian Descendants
 Mixed Descendants
Influences on Latin American Music
1. Indigenous-Latin American Music
 Before the arrival of the Spanish, Portuguese and other European colonizers, the natives were
found to be using local drum and percussion instruments such as guiro and maracas.
 Materials for making indigenous instruments range from hollow tree trunks, animal skin, fruit shell,
dry seeds, cane, clay, and hardwood trees.
 It was largely functional in nature, being used for religious worship and ceremonies.
2. Afro-Latin American Music
3. Euro-Latin American Music
4. Mixed American Music
5. Popular Latin American Music
 Samba – A dance form of African origin which evolved into an African-Brazilian favorite in the
working class and slum district of Rio de Janeiro.
 Son – A fusion of the popular music or canciones (songs) of Spanish and Africans rumba rhythms
of Bantu origin.
 Salsa – A social dance with marked influences from Cuba and Puerto Rico that started in New
York in the mid 1970’s.
Musical Instruments of Latin America
Aztec and Mayan Instruments
Instruments were mainly used for religious functions and were usually played by
professional musicians. Mistakes in playing some instruments were considered offensive and
insulting to them.
Tlapitzalli Teponaztli Concha

Rasp Huehueti Whistles
Incan Musical Instruments
Ocarina Zamponas
Andean Musical Instruments – Variety of flutes and string instruments.
Siku Wooden Tarka Quena Charango

Mariachi
Extremely popular band in Mexico whose original ensemble consisted of violins, guitars, a harp and an
enormous guitaron.
Vocal and Dance Forms of Latin American Music

1. Cumbia – Originated in Panama and Columbia, it became a popular courtship dance with European
and African instrumentation and characteristics
2. Tango – Of African origin meaning “African dance” or from the Spanish word taner meaning “to
play” (an instrument)
3. Cha cha – A ballroom dance that originated in Cuba in the 1950’s. It was derived from mambo and
its characteristics.
4. Rumba – A popular recreational dance of Afro-Cuban origin, performed in a complex duple meter
pattern and tresillo.
5. Bossa Nova – Originated in the late 1950’s when a slower, gentler version of the classic Cuban
samba became popular with the upper and middle class sector of Brazilian society.
 The vocal style is often nasal.
 Antonio Carlos Jobin - Foremost figure of bossa nova, became famous with his song
Desafinado (1957)
 Sitti Navarro - Philippines’ queen of bossa nova
6. Reggae – An urban popular music and dance style that originated in Jamaica in the mid 1960’s. it
contained English text coupled with creole expressions that were not so familiar to the non -
Jamaican.
 Bob Marley – Best known proponent of reggae music, a Jamaican singer, song writer,
musician and guitarist. His songs include;
1. One love, 2. Redemption song, 3. Stir it Up
7. Foxtrot – A 20 century social dance that originated after 1910 in the USA.
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8. Paso Doble – Meaning double step is a theatrical Spanish dance used by the Spaniards in bullfight,
where the music was played as the matadors enters, (paseo) and during passes.
JAZZ MUSIC
The development of the jazz genre was an offshoot of the music of African slaves who were brought
to America. As an outlet to for their deepest feelings, the Africans used music to recall their nostalgic past
in their home country as well as to voice out their sentiments on their desperate condition as slaves in
America. From such melancholy beginnings, jazz evolved into various more upbeat forms which the world
has since adopted incorporated into other contemporary styles.
1. RAGTIME
An American popular musical style mainly for piano, that originated in the Afro-American
communities of St. Louis and New Orleans. It was said to be a modification of the “marching mode” made
popular by John Philip Sousa.
Foremost exponents of Ragtime
 Jelly Roll Morton- American pianist who composed the popular “Maple Leaf Rag”
 Scott Joplin – King of Ragtime
2. BIG BAND
The term” big band” refers to a large ensemble form originating in the United States. In the mid-
1920’s closely associated with the swing era and its jazz elements.
Noted Great Big Bands

Glenn Miller Orchestra Count Basie Orchestra Benny Goodman Orchestra
3. BEBOP
Bebop or bop is a musical style of modern jazz that emerged during the World War II. It was
characterized by a fast tempo, instrumental virtuosity, and improvisation.
Bebop Main Exponents

1. Dizzy Gillespie – Trumpeter 2. Max Roach and Roy Haynes – Drummers
3. Charlie Parker – Alto sax player
4. JAZZ ROCK
The music of 1960’s and 1970’s bands that inserted jazz elements into rock music.
Popular singer/songwriters who adopted the jazz rock style

1. Joni Mitchell 3. Van Morrison
2. Tim Buckley
Groups that emerged using Jazz Rock

Grateful Dead Chicago Soft Machine Lighthouse
Cream Blood, Sweets and Tears Hatfield and the North Steely Dan
Santana Traffic Frank Zappa

22 Q2 Music of Latin America RM

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MUSIC OF LATIN AMERICA

Tlapitzalli Teponaztli Concha

Incan Musical Instruments

Andean Musical Instruments – Variety of flutes and string instruments.

Siku Wooden Tarka Quena Charango

Vocal and Dance Forms of Latin American Music

Noted Great Big Bands

Bebop Main Exponents

Popular singer/songwriters who adopted the jazz rock style

Groups that emerged using Jazz Rock

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