Module PASE Week 2

Philippine Christian University
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Dasmariñas City, Cavite
S.Y. 2019-2020
PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECT OF SPORTS

AND EXERCISE
(GRADE 11)
WEEK 2
MARCH 16-20, 2020
MODULE
Name: _____________________________________________
Strand &Section: ____________________________________
Prepared By:
Chinny Mae E. Placio
Learning Competencies:
1. The learner describes arousal, stress, and anxiety in sports and exercise
settings.
2. The learner explains how arousal and anxiety affects sports performance and
exercise participation.
3. The learner describes different strategies in regulating arousal, coping with
stress and anxiety in sports and exercise.
4. The learner recognizes the value of regulating arousal, coping with stress and
anxiety for better sports performance and exercise participation.
Arousal, Stress, and Anxiety in Sports and Exercise

Discussion:
Why Does Arousal Influence Performance?

You may be wondering what it is exactly about arousal
that is affecting performance. Arousal increases muscle
tension and affects co-ordination. Too much tension can
create difficulties. As well, it affects attention. However,
attention can become too narrow with too much arousal, and
can make one pay attention to too much in their environment
when there is too little arousal.
Effects of arousal on sporting performance

If the performer perceives arousal levels to be positive it will have a positive impact on
performance (getting in the zone). However if the changes are viewed as negative it will
increase both somatic and cognitive state anxiety.
Choking occurs in high-pressure situations and this heightened state cause extreme nervous
and performance catastrophe.
Signs of Arousal and Anxiety:

Cold, clammy hands Constant need to urinate Profuse sweating
Negative self-talk Dazed look in eyes Ill feeling
Headache Dry mouth Difficulties sleeping
Increased muscle tension Butterflies in Stomach Inability to concentrate
Using this Information:

All of this information is useful in that it can be used to increase athletes'
performance. Psychologists can identify what is the best combination of emotions needed
for good performance. Also one can recognize how personal things and things about ones
situation can interact to influence anxiety and therefore performance. An athlete can
recognize arousal and anxiety signs. Coaches can tailor their strategies to different
individuals - and understand that state anxiety must be reduced, increases or maintained
at certain times.
Measuring Arousal and Anxiety
Sport and exercise psychologists measure arousal, state anxiety, and trait anxiety in
various physiological ways and through psychological measures.
To measure arousal
- They look at changes in these physiological signs: heart rate, respiration, skin
conductance (recorded on a voltage meter), and biochemistry (used to assess
changes in substances such as catecholamines).
- These psychologists also look at how people rate their arousal levels using a
series of statements (e.g., “My heart is pumping,” “I feel peppy”) and numerical
scales ranging from low to high. Such scales are referred to as self-report
measures of arousal and anxiety.
To measure state anxiety
- Psychologists use both global and multidimensional self-report measures.
In global measures - people rate how nervous they feel using self-report scales
from low to high. Summing the scores of individual items produces a total score.
The multidimensional self-report measures - are used in about the same way, but
people rate how worried (cognitive state anxiety) and how physiologically activated
(somatic state anxiety) they feel, again using self-report scales ranging from low to
high.
Subscale scores for cognitive and somatic anxiety are obtained by summing scores
for items representing each type of state anxiety.
Measuring competitive trait anxiety
- The first scale that was developed was the Sport Competition Anxiety Test. This
is a unidimensional measure with only a single score ranging from 10 to 30.
Although this is one of the most popular personality measures in sport
psychology, sports psychologists now tend to use global and multidimensional
self-reports to measure trait anxiety.
- The formats for these measures are similar to those for state anxiety
assessments; however, instead of rating how anxious they feel right at that
moment, people are asked how they typically feel.
Components for measuring arousal and anxiety
 Somatic state anxiety

Example: the degree to which one experiences heightened physical symptoms such as
muscle tension.
 Cognitive state anxiety
Example: the degree to which one typically worries or has doubts.
 Concentration disruption
Example: the degree to which one experiences concentration disruption during
competition.
A direct relationship exists between a person’s levels of trait anxiety and state anxiety.
Research has consistently shown that those who score high on trait anxiety measures
also have more state anxiety in highly competitive, evaluative situations. This
relationship is not perfect, however. A highly trait-anxious athlete may have a
tremendous amount of experience in a particular situation and therefore not perceive
a threat and the corresponding high state anxiety.
Similarly, some highly trait-anxious people learn coping skills to help reduce the state
anxiety they experience in evaluative situations. Still, generally speaking, knowing a
person’s level of trait anxiety is usually helpful in predicting how that person will react
to competition, evaluation, and threatening conditions.
To make matters more complex, we know from anecdotal reports as well as research
that anxiety can fluctuate throughout the competition.
Example: we often hear football players say that they felt very anxious before the
competition but settled down after the first hit.
Soccer players have reported that they did not feel anxious during a game, but that
their anxiety level went “sky high” when they had to take a penalty kick at the end of
the game.
Future measures need to assess these changes in anxiety, although it is difficult to do

so during a competition. One possible strategy is to retrospectively measure changes
in anxiety. Research has indicated that athletes are quite good at assessing their state
anxiety levels after the fact. For example, athletes could be asked within an hour of
finishing a game how they felt at different times during the game.
To explore emotions and stressors throughout a competitive contest, researchers

have used reflective diaries to help cricket players remember specific stressful
situations, their appraisal of the situation, and reactions to it for five different games so
that they would be able to respond with specifics during an in-depth interview.
Results revealed that at the heart of the cricketers’ appraisal of potentially stressful
and threatening situations where their perceived stress levels and emotional state. In
addition, the appraisal process was closely attached to players’ personal values,
beliefs, and commitment to achieving personal goals.
Example: if a cricketer had performed well in the past in getting a specific batsman
out, he appraised his chances of achieving personal goals as high in facing the same
batsman again.
In essence, he felt confident (not stressed) in attempting to attain his goals.
Conversely, another bowler (a pitcher) appraised facing a particular batsman as
threatening if he had been unsuccessful in the past and therefore would feel stressed
facing this batsman again.
Besides investigating changes in stress and emotions throughout a competition,

researchers have also assessed changes in stress and subsequent coping strategies
leading up to a competition.
WRITTEN WORK # ___
NAME:
GRADE LEVEL/STRAND/SECTION:
TEACHER:
DATE:
Directions: Find the words listed at the bottom of a word search below. Words only appear
horizontally (forward and backward) and vertically (up or down). And give the meaning of each
words.
A F R G S V C A E G H A E U B D P
X F G N C U L G A G N E H D A A R
E G C N R U A I L O S F C S H N O
K N E V S G M U S C L E N T S I F
L H K N O P M D Y I E Y E S W A U
A E G A E J Y C B D R W B W N T S
T E G H G H H U T E D J K Y G V E
F H W E U K A L D F T H G D Y E S
L G Q A I M N J S G W Y H W D F W
E R Y D O N D R Y M O U T H C F E
S S U A P I S H A H R J G B E V A
E Y I C O L D G P J S G H S A F T
V J C H L L G F O K D D T W S R I
I I R E K F B D I L C R F E D S N
T M D E J E V S U P N S T R G H G
A B W R H E C A Y O B A G T U U R
G M U S C L E T E N S I O N I T E
E B N T G I Z Q Y I R G W Y K O Y
N D T Y F N A W T U T Y R J E P G
F F G U D G S E R Y G R Y D T J R
D A Z E D L O O K E Y E S V J H U
Headache Dry mouth Dazed look eyes

Cold Ill feeling Negative self-talk
Clammy hands Profuse sweating Muscle tension
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Philippine Christian University

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECT OF SPORTS

Arousal, Stress, and Anxiety in Sports and Exercise

Why Does Arousal Influence Performance?

Effects of arousal on sporting performance

Signs of Arousal and Anxiety:

Using this Information:

Measuring Arousal and Anxiety

Components for measuring arousal and anxiety

 Somatic state anxiety

Future measures need to assess these changes in anxiety, although it is difficult to do

To explore emotions and stressors throughout a competitive contest, researchers

Besides investigating changes in stress and emotions throughout a competition,

Headache Dry mouth Dazed look eyes

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