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Reported Speech Full Explanation - Apple Tree

The document discusses reported speech or indirect style in Spanish. It explains how to change direct statements, questions, and commands into the indirect or reported style. Verbs and pronouns need to be changed according to specific rules. For example, the tense of verbs is changed when moving from direct to indirect speech, and first person pronouns change to third person. Indirect questions use different word order and conjunctions like if or whether. The document provides examples to illustrate these changes between direct and indirect speech.

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40 views3 pages

Reported Speech Full Explanation - Apple Tree

The document discusses reported speech or indirect style in Spanish. It explains how to change direct statements, questions, and commands into the indirect or reported style. Verbs and pronouns need to be changed according to specific rules. For example, the tense of verbs is changed when moving from direct to indirect speech, and first person pronouns change to third person. Indirect questions use different word order and conjunctions like if or whether. The document provides examples to illustrate these changes between direct and indirect speech.

Uploaded by

Teacher Apple Tree
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reported speech (Estilo indirecto)

Utilizamos el estilo indirecto cuando queremos comunicar a alguien lo que otra persona ha dicho, sin usar las palabras
exactas que ésta utilizó.

a) Reported statements (Oraciones declarativas)

Estilo directo Estilo indirecto

Can Could

I can’t sing. He said (that) he couldn’t sing.

Will Would

I’ll see you tonight. He said (that) he would see us that night.

Must/have (got) to Had to

You must be careful. He said (that) I had to be careful.

May Might

It may rain tomorrow. He said (that) it might rain the next day.

• Cambios de los verbos modales:

Estilo directo Estilo indirecto

Presente simple Pasado simple

I work from 9 to 5. He said (that) he worked from 9 to 5.

Presente continuo Pasado continuo

I’m doing my homework. He said (that) he was doing his homework.

Pretérito perfecto Pretérito pluscuamperfecto

We have never been to England. They said they had never been to England.

Pasado simple Pretérito pluscuamperfecto

I saw her at the cinema. He said he had seen her at the cinema.
El resto de los verbos modales no cambian.
• El verbo introductor en los estilos directo e indirecto suele ser say. En el estilo directo cuando el verbo va seguido
de un objeto de persona, podemos emplear say to o bien tell.
Ejemplos:
‘I’m sleepy,’ he said to me. ‘Tengo sueño,’ me dijo.
‘I’m leaving tomorrow,’ he told me. ‘Me marcho mañana,’ me dijo.

Error común: ‘I’m sleepy,’ he said me. X

Sin embargo, en el estilo indirecto, sólo se utiliza told.


Ejemplo:
He told me he was sleepy. Me dijo que tenía sueño.

• Los pronombres y adjetivos posesivos de primera persona cambian a tercera persona.


Ejemplos:
He said, ‘I can’t visit my friends now.’ Dijo: ‘No puedo visitar a mis amigos ahora.’
He said (that) he couldn’t visit his friends. Dijo que no podía visitar a sus amigos.

• El pronombre you cambia a I/we.


Ejemplos:
He said, ‘You look happy.’ Dijo: ‘Se te ve contento.’
He said I looked happy. Dijo que se me veía contento.

Nota: He said, ‘You look happy, Jane.’ - He told Jane she looked happy.

• Otras expresiones que cambian:

Estilo directo Estilo indirecto

this that

here there

today that day

yesterday the day before

tomorrow the next day / the following day

tonight that night

tomorrow morning the following morning

yesterday afternoon the previous afternoon


next week/month/year the following week/month/year

last week/month/year the previous week/month/year

a week/month/year ago a week/month/year before

b) Reported commands (Órdenes indirectas)


• En el estilo directo, utilizamos siempre el imperativo para indicar una orden. En el estilo indirecto, empleamos la
siguiente estructura:
Sujeto + verbo introductor (told, asked, advised, warned) + objeto + to + infinitivo.
Ejemplo:
Estilo directo Estilo indirecto
He said to Jack, He told Jack
‘Open the door, please.’ to open the door.

• Si la orden es negativa, utilizamos la misma estructura pero con not delante de to + infinitvo.
Ejemplo:
Estilo directo Estilo indirecto
He said to me, ‘Don’t talk.’ He told me not to talk.

c) Reported questions (Oraciones interrogativas indirectas)

Las oraciones interrogativas indirectas pueden ir introducidas por los verbos ask, know, want to know, wonder y not
know. Los cambios de los tiempos verbales son los mismos que para las oraciones declarativas indirectas.

• Wh- questions
Nota: El orden de las palabras de la pregunta original cambia al orden de una oración declarativa. El sujeto va
inmediatamente detrás del pronombre interrogativo, y el verbo, detrás del sujeto.

Ejemplo:
He said, ‘What is her name?’
He asked what her name was.
wondered
wanted to know
didn’t know

Error común: He asked what was her name. X


• Yes/No questions
Las Yes/No questions van introducidas por las conjunciones if o whether.
Ejemplo:
He said, ‘Can I use your pen?’
He asked me if/whether he could use my pen.

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