WATER

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 AR. JOHN OMBINA,uap,rmp,reb

 WATER SUPPLY
& DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 IMPORTANT
CONSIDERATIONS
WATER PRESSURE
Inadequate Water Pressure < 103kPa (15 psi)
Excessive Water Pressure > 551 kPa (80 psi)

Recommended Water Pressure = 40 psi-80 psi

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 RECALL : BASIC CONCEPTS
1. Pressure vs Cross Sectional Area
2. Pressure vs Depth

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 WATER SUPPLY &
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
IN TERMS OF USAGE/CONSUMPTION;
▪ COLD WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
▪ HOT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 WATER SUPPLY &
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
IN TERMS OF WATER CONVEYANCE;
▪ DIRECT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
▪ INDIRECT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 D I R EC T
DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
▪ DIRECT UPFEED SYSTEM
water supply from water main is
provided by the water districts
with adequate water pressure
entering the service pipe
 I N D I R EC T
DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
▪ INDIRECT UPFEED SYSTEM
(pneumatic air pressure system)
when the water pressure of the
water supply from the water main
is not adequate compressed air is
used to raise and push water into
the system
 I N D I R EC T
DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
▪ OVERHEAD SYSTEM
(upfeed-downfeed)
when the water pressure of the
water supply from the water main
is not adequate water is pumped
into a large tank on top of the
building and is distributed to the
fixtures by means of gravity
 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
DISTRIBUTION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
- eliminates extra cost of pumps & tanks - water supply within the
DIRECT UPFEED
building is affected during peak
SYSTEM
hour loads
- economical - water supply is affected by
AIR PRESSURE (1) smaller pipe diameter loss of pressure inside the tank
SYSTEM (2) less initial and maintenance cost in case of power interruption.
(PNEUMATIC) - air pressue can serve zone interval of 10 - unpleasant noise.
stories
- water is not affected by peak hour loads - water is subject to
- not affected by power interruptions contamination
OVERHEAD - time needed to replace broken parts does - high maintenance cost
SYSTEM (UPFEED- not affect water supply - occupies valuable space
DOWNFEED) - requires stronger foundation
for additional load of
tank/water
 ESSENTIAL PARTS OF
WATER DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
( DEFINITION OF TERMS )

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 ESSENTIAL PARTS
O F W AT E R S U U P Y & DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

AIRGAP, WATER DISTRIBUTION

an unobstructed vertical distance
between the lowest opening of any
pipe/faucet/bibb conveying potable
water to the floor-level rim of any
tank or fixture

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 ESSENTIAL PARTS
O F W AT E R S U U P Y & DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

BRANCH
any part of the piping system othe than a
main, riser or stack.
BUILDING SUPPLY (WATER
SERVICE CONNECTION)
the pipe carrying potable water from the
water main/source to a building or other
point of use or distribution on the lot.

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 ESSENTIAL PARTS
O F W AT E R S U U P Y & DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

CROSS CONNECTION
any connection or arrangement between
a potable water supply system and any
plumbing fixture or any tank , receptacle,
equipment or device, through which
enables non-potable, used, unclean,
polluted, contaminated water or other
substances to enter into any part of such
potable water system under any
condition

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 ESSENTIAL PARTS
O F W AT E R D I S T R I B U T I O N S Y S T E M
CROSS CONNECTION
any connection or arrangement between
a potable water supply system and any
plumbing fixture or any tank,receptacle,
equipment or device, through which
enables non-potable, used, unclean,
polluted, contaminated water or other
substances to enter into any part of such
potable water system under any
condition

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 ESSENTIAL PARTS
O F W AT E R D I S T R I B U T I O N S Y S T E M

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 ESSENTIAL PARTS
O F W AT E R S U U P Y & DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

DEAD-END
extended portion of a pipe that is
closed at one end to which no
connections are made on the
extended portion, thus permitting
the stagnation of liquid or air therein
DEVELOPED LENGTH
length of a pipe along its centerline
and fittings

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 ESSENTIAL PARTS
O F W AT E R S U U P Y & DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

FIXTURE BRANCH
the water supply pipe between the
fixture supply pipe and the water
distributing pipe
FIXTURE SUPPLY
a water supply pipe connecting the
fixture with the fixture branch

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 ESSENTIAL PARTS
O F W AT E R S U U P Y & DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

RISER
a water supply pipe, which extends
vertically to one full story or more to
convey water into pipe branches or
plumbing fixtures
VALVE
a device for controlling the passage of
fluid or air through a pipe

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 ESSENTIAL PARTS
O F W AT E R S U U P Y & DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

WATER DISTRIBUTING PIPE

a pipe which conveys potable water
from the building supply pipe to the
plumbing fixtures and other water
outlets.
WATER MAIN
is the water-supply pipe for public or
community use

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 ESSENTIAL PARTS
O F W AT E R S U U P Y & DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

WATER METER
device used to measure in liters or
gallons the amount of water that passes
through the water service
TANKS/CISTERNS
a pipe which conveys potable water from
the building supply pipe to the plumbing
fixtures and other water outlets.

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 WATER DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM CRITERIA
✓ adequate supply of water and pressure
✓ provide sufficient valves and blow off’s
✓ avoid unprotected open reservoir
✓ avoid cross connections
✓ system should be tight against leakage
✓ water main should be above the elevation of concrete sanitary
sewers

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 CONTROLS &
VALVES

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 FUNCTIONS OF VALVE
✓ start or shut down a system
✓ regulate water pressure
✓ prevent backflow
✓ control the direction of water

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 TYPES OF VALVES
✓ gate valve
✓ globe valve
✓ check valve
✓ angle valve
✓ foot valve
✓ safety valve

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 GATE VALVE
▪ used mainly to completely
close or completely open the
water line.
▪ best suited to the main
supply and pump lines
▪ two types; (1) tapered disc or
wedge shape, (2) double
disc valve
 GLOB E VALVE
▪ CONTROLS THE FLOW OF WATER
WITH MOVABLE SPINDLE
▪ CAN REDUCE WATER PRESSURE
▪ THREE TYPES;
(1) PLUG TYPE DISC - (THROTTLING)
(2) CONVENTIONAL - (SHUTTING)
(3) COMPOSITION – FOR
STEAM/HOTWATER
 GLOB E VALVE
▪ CONTROLS THE FLOW OF WATER
WITH MOVABLE SPINDLE
▪ CAN REDUCE WATER PRESSURE
▪ THREE TYPES;
(1) PLUG TYPE DISC - (THROTTLING)
(2) CONVENTIONAL - (SHUTTING)
(3) COMPOSITION – FOR
STEAM/HOTWATER
CHECK VALVE
▪ main function is to prevent
reversal of flow in the
pipeline.
▪ four types:
(1)swing check valve
(2)lift check valve
(3)vertical check valve
(4)horizontal check valve
ANGLE VALVE
▪ operates same as globe
valve.
▪ used to make a
90degrees turn in a line
▪ reduces number of joints
▪ comes in two way and
three way types
FOOT VALVE
▪ used to prevent loss of
priming of the pumps
▪ located at the lower end
of the pumps
▪ a.k.a. retention valve
SAFETY VALVE
▪ used on water systems,
heating systems,
compressed air line &
other pipe lines with
excessive pressure
▪ a.k.a pressure relief valve
 TYPE OF
FAUCETS/BIBBS
▪ COMPRESSION COCK
▪ KEY COCK
▪ BALL FAUCET

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

CO M P R E S S I O N CO C K
▪ a cock with a rubber tube
which collapses when
pressed by the end of a
screw-plug wound by the
key, thus preventing the
flow of the liquid.
 KEY COCK
▪ operates with a round
tapering plug ground to
fit a metal sheet.
BALL FAUCET
▪ constructed with a ball
connected to the
handle
 PUMPS
AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
 BASIC TYPE OF PUMPS
▪ PISTON PUMPS
▪ CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

PISTON PUMPS
▪ water is sucked into a
sealed vacuum by use of a
piston

▪ single action piston pump

▪ double action piston pump
▪ duplex or twin piston
pump
 CENTRIFUGAL
PUMPS
▪ Water is drawn into the
pump & discharged with a
centrifugal force
 KINDS OF PUMPS
▪ reciprocating pumps
▪ jet pumps
▪ rotary pumps
▪ sump pumps
▪ turbine pumps

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 R EC I P R O C AT I N G
PUMPS
▪ Operates with controlled
speed
▪ Discharge is pulsating and
changes only when the
speed of the pump is
changed
▪ Sometimes an air chamber
is introduced to regulate
the pulsation
 JET PUMPS
▪ Typically used for drawing
water up from a well

▪ Deep well Jet Pumps

▪ Shallow well Jet Pumps
▪ Convertible Jet Pumps
▪ Miniature Jet Pumps
ROTARY PUMPS
▪ More efficient for
viscous fluids
▪ Uses pump driver
▪ Can discharge from 900
to 1200 GPM
SUMP PUMPS
▪ used in applications
where excess water
must be pumped away
from a particular area

▪ Submersible pumps
▪ Pedestal pumps
 SUMP PUMPS
▪ used in applications where
excess water must be
pumped away from a
particular area

▪ Submersible pumps
▪ Pedestal pumps
TURBINE PUMPS
▪ Used for large
applications because of
their multiple impellers
▪ Can discharge up to
2000 GPM
 TANKS &
CISTERNS

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 TANKS FOR DOMESTIC USES
▪ OVERHEAD TANKS
▪ CISTERNS
▪ PRESSURE TANKS
▪ HOT WATER TANKS

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

O V E R H E A D TA N K S
▪ Does not have any
pressure concerns but
relies on gravity to supply
water to fixtures below
▪ Usually made of
galvanized steel, stainless
steel, or reinforced
concrete, it can come in
various shapes and sizes
 CISTERN
▪ A receptacle similarly
built as septic tank but
intended for bulk
storage of water.
▪ Usually built of
reinforced concrete
underground and
connected with a pump
P R E S S U R E TA N K S
▪ a container designed to hold
gases or liquids over a
desired pressure greater
than atmospheric.
H OT W AT E R TA N K S
▪ used for storing hot
water for space heating
or domestic use.
▪ could be electric or solar
heating sources
H OT W AT E R TA N K S
▪ used for storing hot
water for space heating
or domestic use.
▪ could function from a
gas, electric or solar
heating sources
 APPLICATION
WATER DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 WATER DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
▪IDENTIFYING PARTS
▪PLAN READING

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 WATER DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
▪IDENTIFYONG PARTS
▪PLAN READING

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 WATER DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
▪IDENTIFYONG PARTS
▪PLAN READING

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 WATER DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
▪IDENTIFYONG PARTS
▪PLAN READING

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 WATER DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
▪IDENTIFYONG PARTS
▪PLAN READING

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 ▪IDENTIFYONG PARTS
▪PLAN READING

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
 WATER DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
▪IDENTIFYONG PARTS
▪PLAN READING

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 WATER DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
▪IDENTIFYONG PARTS
▪PLAN READING

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 NPC: RULES AND
REGULATION ON
WATER DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
 SEC 6 0 3 . 2
BACKFLOW PREVENTION
BACKFLOW
The flow of water or other liquids,
mixtures or substances into the
distributing pipes of a potable
supply of water from any source
other than from its intended
source.
BACKFLOW CONNECTION
Condition or any arrangement
whereby reverse flow can occur.

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 SEC 6 0 3 . 2
BACKFLOW PREVENTION
TYPES OF CONDITIONS
1.BACKPRESSURE BACKFLOW
Occurs due to an increased reverse pressure
above the supply pressure due to pumps,
boilers, gravity or other sources of pressure.
2. BACK-SIPHONAGE
The flowing back of used, contaminated or
polluted water from a plumbing fixture or
vessel into a water supply pipe due to a
negative pressure in such pipe.
AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
 SEC 6 0 3 . 2
BACKFLOW PREVENTION
DEVICES, ASSEMBLIES, METHODS
AIRGAP ATMOSPHERIC VACUUM BREAKER (AVB)

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 SEC 6 0 3 . 2
BACKFLOW PREVENTION
DEVICES, ASSEMBLIES, METHODS
PRESSURE VACUUM BREAKER BACKFLOW REDUCED PRESSURE PRINCIPLE BACKFLOW
PREVENTION ASSEMBLY (PVB) PREVENTION ASSEMBLY (RP)

AR213 | UTILITIES 1 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM