International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology

Print ISSN: 2395-1990 | Online ISSN : 2394-4099 (www.ijsrset.com)

doi : https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRSET218267

A Review on Analysis and Design of Precast Structures

Aman Agrawal1, S.S. Sanghai2, Kuldeep Dabhekar3
1M-Tech. Student, Structural engineering, G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur, India
2Assistant professor, Department of civil engineering, G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur, India
3Assistant professor, Department of civil engineering, G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur, India

ABSTRACT

In India, maximum constructional activities are done using the ancient

convectional cast in situ methods since a very long time. As the country is
developing in a fast pace, the requirement for housing is escalating and thus the
Article Info construction industries are also blooming rapidly hence demanding faster and
Volume 8 Issue 2 better construction methods. This increased demand can be matched by using
Page Number: 345-350 one of the modern technologies, pre-cast concrete method. Study of literature
shows a number of precedence of precast concrete method over other methods
Publication Issue : of construction. Most importantly, its remarkable and desirable seismic
March-April-2021 behavior. Accordingly, a detailed review of the related literatures is discussed
and also the pros and attributes of the precast concrete method are mentioned
Article History henceforth.
Accepted : 15 April 2021 Keywords : Conventional Cast in Situ Method∙ Construction∙ Pre-Cast Concrete
Published : 24 April 2021 Method∙ Seismic Behavior

I. INTRODUCTION misconceptions and lack of knowledge of the

applicants. Also, this method lacks firm believes and
In the developing era, the constitution of most of trust which is the reason it is still not used in
the industrial, residential and commercial seismic regions. This brings our attention towards
constructions are based on the precast reinforced the need of enlightening the construction industries
concrete (RC). Precast reinforced concrete method with proper knowledge and merits of precast
has numerous primacies over other; improved method and the relations among the precast
thermal properties, less man power, higher members. Studies need to be done in the field of
durability, improved standard of cast units, faster precast buildings and methods. Review of several
construction speed, shows social and environmental related literature is discussed in the upcoming
benefits, easy to understand, handle and apply. In details with the core purpose of developing
India, precast concrete method is applied in very awareness and motivating the use of precast in the
selective construction sites due to the coming generations of construction.

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345
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 Aman Agrawal et al Int J Sci Res Sci Eng Technol, March-April-2021, 8 (2) : 345-350

II. PRECAST STRUCTURE AND ITS TYPES III. BENEFITS OF PRECAST STRUCTRURES OVER
CONVENTIONAL CAST-IN-SITU
Precast concrete is a construction product. The STRUCTURES
production of precast concrete is done using
industrial methods (mass production for covering By the study of various literatures [3, 6-11, 24]
more construction sites in less cost) by settling the related to the pros of the precast structures, we can
concrete in reusable molds and forms under summarize the advantages of the prestressed
controlled environments, then is transported to sites precast structures over conventional cast-in-situ
and lifted into places. It is mentioned in various structures as:
studies [1-5] that precast structures are being given
preferences over monolithic concrete structures • Precast structures require comparatively lesser
across the globe because of its improved and desired construction time than conventional
qualities. In structures, durability is the key feature structures.
in ensuring a good performance in entire expected • Assurance of high-quality structures as the
service period, so as the construction is able to resist entire construction process is carried out in
actions which may deteriorate the materials. On the controlled environments.
basis of load bearing system, precast structures can • Precast concrete construction involves less
be classified into different systems: frame precast man power.
concrete system, slab column precast concrete • Speed of construction is comparatively higher
system, and large panel precast concrete system, and in precast structures.
mixed precast concrete system. • Higher ductility of concrete than monolithic.
• These structures are featherlight in weight and
Large panel frame structures are multistory which also has shown much better thermal insulation
consists of huge consoles of concrete placed in both • Cracking moment gets improved by the
horizontal as well as vertical ways to get an application of the toping slab.
appropriate space enclosed for the rooms in the
building. This horizontal and vertical console
IV. BEHAVIOR OF PRECAST BUILDINGS
arrangement creates a box like structure that
DURING/AFTER EARTHQUAKES
withstands gravitational loading, where placement
of wall consoles is kept higher. On the other hand,
The uncertain seismic performance of the precast
precast concrete frames can be composed of either
buildings during the earthquakes has been
combination of column-beam or linear elements.
mentioned in the literature [1, 12, and 13]. Studies
This spatial column-beam combination has the
showed that the precast buildings performed quite
primacy that the connecting faces can be fitted way
well with minor structural damages in the adverse
from the regions of critical frame whereas in linear
conditions of earthquake in Northridge [14] and also
elements the connecting faces are at the junctions of
in Chile [15]. On the contrary, studies done on the
the column, for the shear transfer from beam to
earthquake of Kocaeli and Duzce suggests that the
column and construction ease the beam can be set
defilement to these structures were caused mainly
on projected part at the columns. In spite of this,
due to the poor connection between beam and
linear elements are usually preferred over spatial
column [16]. Further, the study on Emilia
elements because of the trouble faced in formation,
earthquake suggests the application of pin beam-
handling and erection [4].

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 Aman Agrawal et al Int J Sci Res Sci Eng Technol, March-April-2021, 8 (2) : 345-350

column combination arrangement as the failure of VI. MODELLING AND DESIGNING OF PRECAST
the precast structure [17]. Also, during the BUILDINGS
earthquake in Turkey, it was observed that the
major damages were seen in the joints of the precast In designing of the precast buildings, every type of
buildings and it led to its global failure [18]. loading and various conditions of restrains from
However, it is also seen that some of the well- casting to the end use of the structure need to be
designed precast buildings performed excellent. considered. The designing concept is primarily based
Therefore, the usual observation from the literatures on the build ability, standardization of the precast
suggests that the failure of the precast structures is components and the economy factor. At the time of
because the prefabricated buildings usually casting to final connection the stresses developed in
malfunction at the connections. So, it can be implied the precast elements are censorious than the service-
that the behavior or durability of the precast load stresses. Due attention needs to be given at the
structure is largely influenced by the performance of time of stripping, storing, transporting and erecting of
the horizontal to vertical member connection. precast elements. The design of the precast elements
should be such that they fulfill the tolerance
V. SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF PRECAST BUILDINGS requirements, also should provide the details of the
effects of adverse fabrication. The contract documents
When working on analysis of precast structures, shall quote the tolerance requirements along with the
especially on the grounds of seismic analysis, references of accepted standards, also the deviations,
numerous studies by different authors [2, 12, 13, 19, if any, from the accepted standards should be marked.
and 20] are been reviewed and can be summarized as:
monolithic buildings (rigid structures) are efficient in Khaja Rasool et al. [21] studied a project of Chennai as
resisting rotations, displacements and distortions reference for understanding the designing, analyzing
because the beam-column connections are rigid. and capturing of the precast structures. He modeled
Whereas, in precast buildings the sternness in beam the project in ETABS and analyzed the elements in
to column connections depend upon the pre-stressing their respective software. Similarly, Karthick M. [4]
force. In comparison to the monolithic buildings, the designed G+8 storied precast concrete buildings with
buildings with hybrid connections are more flexible. two different structural systems; one with large panel
The bending moments in the hybrid beam to column structure and other was framed structure with shear
joint arrangement are carryforward through flexural wall. The structures were then modeled and analyzed
actions which is same as, to the traditional joint in ETABS software for dead, imposed, seismic, wind
arrangement in the conventional buildings whereas loads and load combinations. M.J.Gopinath et al. [22]
the post-tensioning tendons induces frictional studied a precast frame with two dimensional 3-bays
resistance which helps in the transfer of shear forces. G+5 storied structure for lateral loading. He explained
Thus, the monolithic beam analogy explains that the that the structure was strengthen by providing
precast joints combination is semi-sterned type specially designed L-angels and bolts of steel by
connection. Since, the properties of precast concrete methods of welding and bolting joints in beam-to-
structures vary from conventional cast-in-situ beam connection and in beam-column junction.
structures, so, using the obtained internal forces from Lateral cyclic load was then applied on the frame
the analysis of the conventional structures to design until failure. The comparison of the result was carried
the precast concrete structures will result in out using ANSYS model. Yahya C. Kurama et al. [23]
inappropriate designs. reviewed the researchers conducted since 1980’s

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology | www.ijsrset.com | Vol 8 | Issue 2 347
 Aman Agrawal et al Int J Sci Res Sci Eng Technol, March-April-2021, 8 (2) : 345-350

regarding the upgraded and advanced systems, Nishiyama (2018), ‘Durability and Seismic
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Cite this article as :

Aman Agrawal, S.S. Sanghai, Kuldeep Dabhekar, "A

Review on Analysis and Design of Precast Structures",
International Journal of Scientific Research in Science,
Engineering and Technology (IJSRSET), Online ISSN :
2394-4099, Print ISSN : 2395-1990, Volume 8 Issue 2,
pp. 345-350, March-April 2021. Available at
doi : https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRSET218267
Journal URL : https://ijsrset.com/IJSRSET218267

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology | www.ijsrset.com | Vol 8 | Issue 2 350