III.

Methods and Techniques of the Study

The study will apply the true experimental design of quantitative research, which

includes data collection through survey responses and pre-test and post-test. The study will

use a two-group design, and the researchers will use a pre-test and post-test to compare the

information obtained during the process.

The study’s respondents will be one section of grade 10 class (48) learners of Bahay

Pare National High School. 24 learners will be assigned as an experimental group, while the

other 24 will be a control group. Pre-test and post-test will serve as the data-gathering tools in

the study. The teacher-made tests consisted of 50 items covering the essential competencies

for the quarter. The tests will take by both the experimental group and the control group. The

only thing that is different is that the experimental group will use the intervention, which is

the self-learning kits.

After the experiment, the researchers will examine the test results and compare the

pre-test without treatment (intervention) and the post-test with treatment (intervention) to

determine the effectiveness of the instructional material in the learning process of grade 10

learners of Bahay Pare National High School. The experiment was designed to determine if

the pre-test and post-test results were more successful. The pre-test and post-test results will

be utilized as a guideline for developing effective grade 10 instructional materials.

Population and Sample of the Study

The study population will comprise 48 grade 10 learners of Bahay Pare National High

School who had poor academic performance in physical fitness. The students are enrolled in

the school year 2022-2023. The researchers divided the respondents into two groups: 24 for

the experimental group and 24 for the control group. The learners in the control group will

use traditional materials, while the experimental group will use the researchers’ intervention,
which is the self-learning kit. The researchers will request permission to use one section of

grade 10 learners as the study's respondents.

Furthermore, the researchers ask the opinions of ten (10) experts to evaluate the Self-

Learning Kit (SLK). These ten (10) experts comprise nine (9) MAPEH teachers from Bahay

Pare National High School and one (1) language teacher from BULSU.

Sampling Design

The researchers used a sampling method called random sampling to select the

respondents. In this method, every member of the population has an equal chance of being a

respondent.

The researchers chose the respondents from a master list given by the teacher. 48

grade 10 students from Bahay Pare National High School will be selected as research study

respondents, and a 50-item multiple-choice exam will prepare them. They will be randomly

divided into two groups comprising twenty-four participants, one controlled and one

experimental. The researcher will use the fishbowl draw method, and each student's name

will be written on a piece of paper and folded so that the name is not visible. Then,

researchers will put all the pieces of paper in a bowl and take random samples. The first

twenty-four students selected are the experimental group, while the remaining learners are the

control group.

Research Instrument

In this study, the researchers will use tests to assess the performance skills of the

learners before and after the implementation of SLK. Two performance tests will be used, the

pre-test, and the post-test, which are teacher-made to ensure the accuracy of the questions

included. The testing material will validate by the MAPEH teachers.

respondent’s profile, such as their name, sex, and age. The pre-test and post-test contents and

questionnaire are the same, but the difference is that they are rambled. The pre-test will

conduct first to determine whose learners need intervention or remediation and what

competencies need to be developed further among them. After the implementation of the

developed sets of SLK, a post-test will conduct to determine if there is an improvement in

their academic performance.

Data Gathering Procedures

In the data gathering, the researchers seek authorization from the school principal and

the grade 10 class adviser of Bahay Pare National High School by sending a letter of request

for the conduct of the study. The researchers’ intentions are stated in the letter. After the

approval of the school principal and class adviser, researchers had an interview with one (1)

MAPEH teacher to ask about the least mastered lesson in grade 10 Physical Education that

the learners had difficulties with and failed to catch up on in class. The teacher answered by

saying that the lesson was about physical fitness.

For the next step, the researchers developed and prepared the pre-test and post-test, a

50-item multiple-choice to identify the learners’ knowledge, particularly in physical

education lesson that is physical fitness. Then the test was checked by the subject teacher,

who ensured that the participants understood the precise questions in the pre-test and post-test

when administering the pre-test and post-test to grade 10 students. After approving the test,

the researchers got the information from the subject teacher, confirming the conduction of a

pre-test and a post-test can be done on March 2023, in the afternoon.

Upon confirmation, the researchers will use a hard copy of the test to disseminate the

pre-test and post-test to the respondents. The respondents will be grouped randomly into
control and experimental groups. The pre-test results will be collected on the distribution day,

and the researcher will analyze and tally them. As a result, researchers will use it as

inspiration to create an intervention that can identify the student's needs and master a proper

understanding of the lesson. To aid learners who are unable to learn using traditional

instructional materials, the researchers will utilize a self-learning kit as instructional material.

To address the issue, the researchers will create self-learning kits in physical education. The

SLK developed followed the ADIDAS Model (Activity, Discussion, Input, Deepening,

Application, and Synthesis), which depicts the systematic sequence of activities required to

respond to the learners constantly independently. The researchers will consult the MAPEH

teachers and instructors of BulSU to check the self-learning kits in terms of content, layout,

grammar, reliability, instructional quality, and other findings. The revision will be made

based on the suggestions.

Researchers will give letters to the ten (10) experts requesting permission to evaluate

their self-learning kits as part of the research instrument for data collection. Nine (9)

secondary MAPEH teachers and one (1) professor from Bulacan State University - Bustos

Campus.

For the last step, the post-test will be administered to the pupils. For the researchers,

the data from the pre-test and post-test will be cross-examined and compared to whether the

self-learning kit effectively escalates the learners' essential competencies in physical fitness.

Afterward, the results of the pre-test, post-test, and evaluated form by the experts will be

checked, tallied, tabulated, and subjected to statistical treatment and study findings.

Ethical Considerations

The researcher’s responsibility is to guarantee that all ethical issues will not harm the

participants in conducting this study. Before they conduct this interview, the researchers must
seek permission first by submitting a formal letter from those who would be involved,

particularly the principal, teachers, and students. The researchers must also explain the

significance of the study to the participants.

Informed Consent

The consent must be procured through the following steps; the consent must be given

first to the principal, teachers, and the Grade 10 students. Along with this, the respondents

must be aware of the research study and would be given an option of yes or no. The study

would only be conducted once the participants agreed. The Grade 10 students must

understand why the study will be conducted.

Confidentiality and Anonymity

The researchers themselves would protect the respondent’s confidentiality and

anonymity; the researchers will not ever reveal their names or identities during the data

collection, analysis, and reporting of the study findings, as well as the privacy and

confidentiality of their pre-test and post-test results.

Conducting of Pre-Test and Post-Test

The researchers will personally administer the pre-test and post-test to ensure that the

following procedures will strictly comply. Once gathered, the information will be analyzed

and used to test the instrument’s reliability and validity. The confidentiality of the

participants will remain preserved.

Intervention Evaluation

The researchers will instruct the search for experts to evaluate the intervention, and

the experts must be qualified for the study. The experts received a formal letter. They have

time to consider if they want to be a part of our evaluator in the intervention material that will
develop. It denotes the formality of the approval. Upon approval, the researchers will explain

the method and give over intervention materials and evaluation forms.

Collection of Privacy Data

At that time, data collection and analysis are carried out. The data was accessible to

the two qualitative researchers, who transcribed and examined it individually. Data was saved

on devices that were encrypted and password-protected. The transcripts were sent through

password-protected email to two qualitative researchers for cross-checking in the data

analysis.

Data Analysis

The researchers will use the mean to calculate the average pre-test and post-test

scores, while the standard deviation will use to calculate the variability of the pre-test and

post-test scores.

When the population is normally distributed, but the standard deviation is unknown,

the t-test will use to determine the population's mean. This will determine whether there was

a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of grade 10 students. The

Likert-Type Scale evaluates the effectiveness of the self-learning kit in escalating the

essential competencies of grade 10 learners in physical fitness by acquiring the mean of the

rated evaluation form for instructional materials. Each item is scored on a 5 -point scale;

1.00–1.80 = Strongly Disagree, 1.81–2.60 = Disagree, 2.61–3.40 = Neither Disagree nor

Agree, 3.41–4.20 = Agree, 4.21–5.00 = Strongly Agree.