INTER-GLOBAL COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC.

Brgy. Bocohan, Lucena City

Registration No.
16Q13029

COURSE MODULE

NAME OF PROGRAM B.S. MARINE TRANSPORTATION

COURSE CODE
COURSE DESCRIPTIVE
TERRESTRIAL AND COASTAL NAVIGATION
TITLE / CODE
NAV 1

COURSE CREDIT
UNIT / HOURS
PRE-REQUISITE / CO-
NAV 1
REQUISITE / CREDIT UNIT
4 Units / 6 Hours

NAVIGATION 1 IS MOSTLY ABOUT THE

NAUTICAL CHART. TOPICS ARE MOSTLY
CONSISTED OF THE METHODS OF
DETERMINING POSITION, DIRECTION AND
COURSE DESCRIPTION
DISTANCES. ALSO INCLUDED IN THE
SUBJECT IS THE NAUTICAL PUBLICATIONS,
THE IALA BOUYAGE SYSTEM, TIDES AND
COMPASSES.

MODULE NUMBER
MODULE TITLE / NUMBER NAVIGATION 1
9

INCLUSIVE WEEK Week 9

CO3. Obtain information for topographical, hydrographical and navigational aids

I. COURSE OUTCOME
and services from the nautical charts and publications for voyage planning.

A. Learning Outcome/s: At the end of the module, the student should be able to:
LO9.1: Determine the tidal condition by Linear Interpolation and Harmonic Prediction
LO9.2: Use Tidal Prediction software in order to obtain relevant tidal information
LO9.3: Calculate the under-keel and vertical clearance of the ship for safe passage

B. STCW Competence Addressed by the Course Module:

A-II/1 F1.C1: Plan and conduct a passage and determine position

C. STCW KUP Addressed by the Course Module:

A-II/1 F1.C1. KUP3: Thorough knowledge and ability to use nautical charts, and publications such as sailing
directions, tide tables, notices to mariners, radio navigational warnings and ship’s routeing information

II. MODULE RESOURCES

Topic: Tides: Tidal Prediction by Linear Interpolation & Tidal Prediction by Harmonic Prediction
Materials: Module, Power point Presentation, E-books
References:
R1: Ynion, E. J. (2 (13)). Terrestrial Navigation 1. Arts and letters Press. West Fairview Quezon City, Philippines
R2: British Admiralty Tide Tables Edition 4, 3, & 2
R4: Philippines Tide & Current Tables (2018). NAMRIA, Fort Bonifacio, Taguig City. July 2017

III. PROCEDURE:
1.) PRE-ASSESSMENT: Students will be given tasks to research and read about the previous lesson in Nav 1
regarding ‘Tides’.
2.) MOTIVATION/REVIEW: Self pace study of the Power point presentation uploaded in Seaversity.
Practice calculations of tides given examples.

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 INTER-GLOBAL COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC.
Brgy. Bocohan, Lucena City
Registration No.
16Q13029

3.) LESSON PROPER: (Following a pedagogy of 5Es (Engage-Explore-Explain-Elaborate-Evaluate) or 4As

(Activity-Analysis-Abstraction-Application)

*ACTIVITY:
Slideshow Presentation
Online discussion

*ANALYSIS:
Answer the questions:
a. Did you researched and read about the previous lesson in Nav 1 regarding ‘Tides’?
b. Can you remember the nautical publication: Admiralty Tide Table from previous lesson?
c. Did you practice calculating vertical clearances based on the given tidal information and charted
depths?

* ABSTRACTION:

Hydrography - the science that deals with the measurement and description of the physical features of the oceans, seas,
lakes, rivers and their adjoining coastal areas, their particular reference to their use for navigation.

Hydrographer - one who studies and practices the science of hydrography.

Sounding - determination of the depth of water by the use of a sounding lead or an echo sounder or fathometer.

Tide Prediction
Predicting heights of tides.
To measure the heights of tides, hydro graph selects a reference level or datum. Soundings shown the largest
scale charts are the vertical distances from the datum to the bottom.

PUBLICATIONS FOR PREDICTING TIDES

Tide Tables
Each maritime country publishes their own "Tide and Current Tables' but in the worldwide scale, the United Kingdom
Hydrographic Office publishes the Admiralty Tide Tables which is also used by leading maritime nations of the world. In fact,
tidal predictions for all standard ports used in the Admiralty Tide Tables are either prepared by the United Kingdom Hydrographic
Office or received from appropriate authorities in Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, and United States
by reciprocal international exchange.

Admiralty tide tables (NP201-208)

The tables outline methods of prediction, the effect of meteorological conditions on tides and provide additional
information on exceptional tidal factors in each area.
It contains easy-to-use height, timing and tidal stream information to support the planning of departure and arrival
times. al information to help you plan departure and arrival times for ports around the world.

Sample
Page
inside the
Tide Table

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 INTER-GLOBAL COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC.
Brgy. Bocohan, Lucena City
Registration No.
16Q13029

FOUR VOLUMES OF THE ADMIRALTY TIDE TABLE

• VOLUME 1 UNITED KINGDOM AND IRELAND (including European Channel Ports)
• VOLUME 2 EUROPE (excluding United Kingdom and Ireland). MEDITERRANEAN SEA AND ATLANTIC
OCEAN
• VOLUME 3 INDIAN OCEAN AND SOUTH CHINA SEA (including Tidal Stream Tables)
• VOLUME 4 PACIFIC OCEAN (including Tidal Stream Tables)
In addition to the above, the British Admiralty produces twenty (20) separate volumes of Tidal Stream Atlases
where diagrammatic form, major tidal streams for selected of NW Europe are presented. There are also "Co-Tidal Atlases" for
Persian Gulf (NP 214) and for South East Asia (NP 215). These publications are of great importance to safe navigation especially
when small under-keel clearances are necessary.
Miscellaneous tidal publications of British Admiralty include some handbooks and manuals such as follow:
• Admiralty Manual of Tides (NP 120);
• Admiralty Handbook No. 1 containing Method of Harmonic Tidal Analysis for Long Period of Observations (NP 122-
1;
• Admiralty Tidal Handbook No. 2, Datums for Hydrographic Survey (NP 122-2);
• Admiralty Tidal Handbook No. 3, Harmonic Tidal Analysis for Short Periods (NP 122-3);
• Tidal Harmonic Constants for European Waters (NP 160)
• Dover, a time of High Water and Mean ranges (NP 164).

The Tide and Current Tables of the Philippines is published by the Oceanography Division of the Coast and Geodetic
Survey, Department of the National Mapping, and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA). These agencies operate under
the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR).
The following terms must be defined first before we can discuss and illustrate the use of this table:
Primary tide station - a tide station at which continuous observations have been made over a minimum of a 19-year
Metonic cycle*. Its purpose is to provide data for computing accepted values of the harmonic and non-harmonic constants
essential to the predictions and to the determination of tidal datums for charting and coastal boundaries. The data series from
this station serves as a primary control for the reduction of relatively short series from subordinate tide stations through the
method of comparisons of simultaneous observations, and for monitoring long-period sea-level trend and variations.

Secondary tide station - a tide station at which continuous observations have been made over a minimum period of 1
year but less than a 19-year Metonic cycle. The series is reduced by comparison with simultaneous observations front a primary
control tide station. The station provides for a 365-day harmonic analysis including the seasonal fluctuation of sea level.

Subordinate tide station - a station listed in the Tide Tables for which prediction at a reference station.

HOW TO USE THE TIDE TABLES in SOLVING THE HEIGHT OF TIDE.

Example:
What is the height of tide at 1430H at CEBU PORT on September 01, 2018?

Solution:

➢ CEBU PORT is a primary tide station of tide and current table of the Philippines for the year of 2018.
➢ Locate the month of September 2018. Under the September column locate the tidal information for the day, time and
height in meters (m) of the tides. Scroll down below the column and locate the date (on our problem it is 01 of
September).
(Excerpt from Philippine Tide & Current Table 2018)

Tabulated
values
based on
the given
example:

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Brgy. Bocohan, Lucena City
Registration No.
16Q13029

➢ Analyze from the values given the low tide and high tide. Also, find the nearest time tabulated value to be used during
your calculation.
➢ An information can be found at the left bottom corner of the page of the tide and current tables of the Philippines.

(Excerpt from Philippine Tide & Current Table 2018)

➢ From the previous tabulated value, the following can be calculated:

a.) duration of tide. b.) time for the nearest high or low water
20h 06m 14h 30m (from the given)
14h 13m (-) always subtract 14h 13m (from the tide table) (-) always subtract
05h 53m 00h 17m

c.) range of tide.

1.25 m
0.29 m (-) always subtract
0.96 m

➢ From the “TIDE CORRECTION TABLES” with the DURATION OF RISE OR FALL, See Footnotes. Under the
column of H (hours) M (minutes), locate 05h 53m (duration of tide), see that this value is between 05h 40m & 06h 00m.
Under the row of ‘TIME FROM THE NEAREST HIGH WATER OR LOW WATER” and down below to the
‘CORRECTION TO HEIGHT’ with range of tide under the ‘METERS’ column, locate our calculated range of tide
which is 0.96m see that this value is between the 0.90m & 1.00m. Scroll to the right and locate the corresponding values
found in the intersection; in this case the ‘CORRECTION TO HEIGHT’ found at the intersection of 00h 17m ‘s column
and the nearest RANGE OF TIDE 1.00m is 0.00m, meaning there is no significant change in the height of tide in the
said duration.

(Excerpt from Philippine Tide & Current Table 2018)

➢ Calculate the ‘REQUIRED HEIGHT OF TIDE’:

d.) required height of tide
height of tide @ 14h 13m = 1.25m
correction to height = 0.00m (-/+) *note that the correction of tide was obtained using the “TIDE CORRECTION TABLE”
height of tide @ 14h 30m = 1.25m

NOTE* WHEN THE NEAREST TIDE IS HIGH WATER, SUBTRACT THE CORRECTION
WHEN THE NEAREST TIDE IS LOW WATER, ADD THE CORRECTION

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 INTER-GLOBAL COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC.
Brgy. Bocohan, Lucena City
Registration No.
16Q13029

TWO TYPES OF TIDAL PREDICTION

– LINEAR INTERPOLATION
– HARMONIC PREDICTION

Linear Interpolation is a method of curve fitting using linear polynomials to construct new data points within the range of a
discrete set of known data points.

FORMULA:
y = ylower + SLOPE (x - xlower ) where in SLOPE = (change in y/change in x)

Harmonic Prediction, there are hundreds of periodic motions of the Earth, Sun, and Moon that are identified by astronomy.
Each of these motions or “constituents” in a set of harmonic constants is a mathematical value describing the effect that cyclical
motion of the Earth, Sun, Moon system has on the tides. There are 37 which normally have the greatest effect on tides and are
used as the tidal harmonic constituents to predict tidal conditions for a location.

FORMULA:
y = A cos(at+w)

FACTORS THAT ARE INVOLVE IN DETERMINING OF THE UKC.

➢ SEABOTTOM – it is directly below the location of your ship.

➢ CHART DATUM – the height of the lowest level of water written on a nautical chart or sometimes you call it
“soundings” – the italic number marks everywhere on the chart. Also, it is the lowest level of water in the area.
➢ HEIGHT OF TIDE – the increase of height of water if it is positive, or decrease if it is negative. It can be
extracted anytime from the tide table (HIGH or LOW WATER).
➢ SHIP’s DRAFT – the height of water measured from the keel to the waterline.

(Fig.1 factors that are involve in determining UKC)

UNDER-KEEL CLEARANCE (UKC) AND VERTICAL CLEARANCE OF THE SHIP FOR SAFE PASSAGE

➢ MEAN LOW WATER (MLW)

- The reference plane or datum to measure charted depths.
➢ CHARTED DEPTHS
- It is measured from the mean low water to bottom of the ocean.
➢ MEAN HIGH WATER (MHW)
- It is the basis for the measurement of charted height of the objects above water and vertical clearances under
structures such as bridges and powerlines.
➢ CHARTED CLEARANCE
- It is measured from the mean high water to the other structures of the bridge.

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Brgy. Bocohan, Lucena City
Registration No.
16Q13029

➢ TIDAL RANGE
- It is the difference between the mean high water and mean low water.
➢ HEIGHT OF TIDE
- It is the vertical distance from the chart sounding datum to the water surface at any stage of tide.
➢ ACTUAL DEPTH
- It is the charted depth added by the height of tide at any given time.
➢ VESSEL’s DRAFT
- Is measured from the waterline to the keel of the vessel.
➢ UNDER-KEEL CLEARANCE (UKC)
- It is the difference between the actual depth of the water and the vessel’s draft.
➢ ACTUAL CLEARANCE
- It is measured from the actual depth to the under structure of the bridge.
➢ AIR DRAFT
- It is the difference between the over-all height of the vessels and the vessel’s draft. This is also called vessel’s
height.
➢ VERTICAL CLEARANCE
- It is the difference between the actual clearance and the air draft.

(Fig.2 relationship between UKC and Vertical Clearances for safe passage)

HOW TO CALCULATE THE UNDER-KEEL AND VERTICAL CLEARANCE OF THE SHIP FOR SAFE PASSAGE

Example:
1.) From the chart title information of the locality the MLW is equal to 14.4m (CHARTED DEPTH). The computed
HEIGHT of TIDE of that given time is equal to 0.30m. The vessel’s draft is equal to 7.0m with an even-keel trim.
Calculate for the ACTUAL DEPTH of water of that given time and also the UKC of the vessel.

GIVEN:
CHARTED DEPTH = 14.4m (from the chart title information of the locality MLW)
HEIGHT OF TIDE = 0.3m (computed height of tide at a given time)
VESSEL’s DRAUGHT = 7.0m (assuming an even-keel)

REQUIRED:
ACTUAL DEPTH = ?
UKC = ?

SOLUTION:
charted depth = 14.4m actual depth =14.7m
height of tide = 0.3m (+) add vessel’s draft = 7.0m (-)subtract
actual depth = 14.7m UKC = 7.7m

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 INTER-GLOBAL COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC.
Brgy. Bocohan, Lucena City
Registration No.
16Q13029

2.) From the chart title information of the locality the MHW is equal to 16.4m. CHARTED CLEARANCE is equal
to 25.0m, over-all height is measured from the highest point of the vessel to the keel which is equal to 30.0m (this
value is obtained from the ship’s particular or from the ship’s construction details). Calculate the AIR DRAFT &
ACTUAL CLEARANCE.
*In order to calculate the AIR DRAFT & ACTUAL CLEARANCE you need to calculate first the
DIFFERENCE between the MEAN HIGH WATER and the ACTUAL DEPTH of the water. The VERTICAL
CLEARANCE LIMIT is specified from the chart of the locality, but you need to calculate also the ACTUAL
VERTICAL CLEARANCE to determine that your vessel passed the vertical limit requirement.

GIVEN:
MHW = 16.4m (from the chart title information of the locality MHW)
CHARTED CLEARANCE = 25.0m (measured from MHW to the structure)
OVER-ALL HEIGHT = 30.0m (obtained from ship’s particulars)
VESSEL’s DRAUGHT = 7.0m (assuming an even-keel)

REQUIRED:
AIRDRAFT = ?
DIFFERENCE bet. MHW and ACTUAL DEPTH = ?
ACTUAL CLEARANCE = ?
VERTICAL CLEARANCE = ?

SOLUTION:
over-all height = 30.0m MHW =16.4m
vessel’s draft = 7.0m (-)subtract actual depth = 14.7m (-)subtract
air draft = 23.0m DIFF. = 1.7m

charted clearance = 25.0m actual clearance =26.7m

DIFF. =1.7m (+) add air draft = 23.0m (-)subtract
actual clearance = 26.7m vertical clearance = 3.7m

3.) Let us suppose that the vessel is not even-keel.

GIVEN:
DRAFT AFT = 8.0m (obtained from loading condition of the vessel)
DRAFT FWD = 6.0m

OVER-ALL HEIGHT = 30.0m

HIGHEST MAST = 20m (obtained from ship’s particulars or ship’s construction details)
LBP = 150.0m
*LBP – Length Between Perpendiculars

REQUIRED:
AIRDRAFT = ?
TRIM = ?

SOLUTION:
draft aft = 8.0m
draft fwd = 6.0m (-)subtract air draft = (over-all height – draft aft) + air draft correction
trim = 2.0m = (30.0m – 8m) + 0.27m
air draft = 22.27m
air draft correction = (trim x highest distance)
LBP
= (2.0m x 20.0m)
150.0m
air draft correction = 0.27m

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Brgy. Bocohan, Lucena City
Registration No.
16Q13029

ASSIGNMENT: TIDES

4.) STUDENT ACTIVITY:

ACTIVITY NO./TITLE SUBMISSION DATE/ DEADLINE

1. Activity9: TIDES.

5.) FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT

TO INCLUDE RUBRICS FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT MAY BE PART OF THE STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET
AND SHOULD BE GIVEN IMMEDIATE FEEDBACK

Written Based Assessment: Calculation of UKC and vertical clearances based on the given tidal information and
charted depths.

VI. SUMMATIVE/OUTCOME ASSESSMENT

Quiz 9

VII. STUDENT REFLECTION

Imagine that you are a cadet onboard a cargo ship which is navigating in Coastal waters, therefore you have to have a
thorough knowledge on how to use the tide tables, how to calculate the height of tides on a given time and how to
calculate UKC and clearances which holds significant importance in navigation.

List all the things that you learned or discovered about this lesson.

Prepared by: Validated by: Checked by: Approved by:

_________________ ______________ ROWENA L. FLORES, Ph.D. CAPT. FLORENCIO M. JAURIGUE

Instructor Co-Instructor Academic Coordinator Department Head, BSMT