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    L2 17 Ref01

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    L2 17 Ref01

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    L2_17_Ref01

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    L2 17 Ref01

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    17.

    Adverbs of Manner, Possibility, Time, and Opinion


    Adverbs of Manner Adverbs of POSSIBILITY
    (AUXILIARY +) (AUXILIARY +)
    SUBJECT VERB ADVERB ADVERB VERB

    quit failed
    She unexpectedly. She probably the test.
    has quit has failed

    (AUXILIARY +) ADVERB BE
    SUBJECT VERB DIRECT OBJECT ADVERB
    He definitely is at home.
    quit
    She her job unexpectedly. BE ADVERB
    has quit
    He is definitely at home.
    SUBJECT AUXILIARY ADVERB VERB
    AUXILIARY ADVERB VERB
    She has unexpectedly quit (her job).
    He has definitely left.

    MAYBE/PERHAPS

    Maybe
    I’ll get a raise.
    Perhaps

    Adverbs of Time Adverbs of Opinion


    Yesterday I found a new job. Unfortunately, I failed the test.

    I found a new job yesterday. I failed the test, unfortunately.

    I unfortunately failed the test.

    © Oxford University Press. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use. 1


    Overview
    • Adverbs modify or change the meaning of verbs.
    • Many adverbs are formed by adding -ly to an adjective. See 17.8 for the spelling of
    adverbs ending in -ly.
    quick quickly  definite definitely  unfortunate unfortunately
    • Adverbs can occur in different positions in a sentence. However, they never occur
    between a verb and its object.
    She quit her job unexpectedly.  x She quit unexpectedly her job. (incorrect)

    Adverbs of Manner
    • Adverbs of manner usually come after the verb. In sentences with any auxiliary except
    do (that is, be, have, or a modal), -ly adverbs of manner can also be placed between the
    auxiliary and the verb.
    She has unexpectedly quit her job. You should carefully consider your options.
    They are quietly waiting for news. The temperature will slowly rise this week.

    Adverbs of Possiblity
    • Adverbs of possibility include words such as certainly, definitely, probably, maybe,
    and perhaps.
    • When there is no auxiliary in a sentence, -ly adverbs of possibility come directly before
    the verb. In sentences with the main verb be or an auxiliary, -ly adverbs of possibility
    can be placed before or after be or the auxiliary.
    • Maybe and perhaps come at the beginning of a sentence.
    Adverbs of Time
    • Adverbs of time can come at the beginning or end of a sentence. They include words
    such as yesterday, today, tomorrow, now, recently, and soon.
    • Recently can also occur before the verb or between the auxilliary and the verb.
    I recently found a new job.  I have recently found a new job.

    Adverbs of Opinion
    • Most adverbs of opinion can occur at the beginning or end of a sentence or before the
    verb. They include words such as fortunately, happily, incredibly, luckily, obviously,
    strangely, and surprisingly.

    © Oxford University Press. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use. 2

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