Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development www.iiste.

org
ISSN 2422-846X An International Peer-reviewed Journal
Vol.54, 2020

Efficiency of Poultry Production in District Quetta Balochistan

Pakistan
Sanaullah Noonari* Irfana Noor Memon
Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Social Sciences, Sindh
Agriculture University, Tandojam Pakistan

Abstract
This study was carried out by considering the importance of production of poultry farming in Balochistan Pakistan.
The results showed there were 45.00 percent of the respondents farmers were rearing poultry birds on small scale
2000 birds , 33.34 percent of farmers were on the range 2001 to 4000 birds and 21.66 percent respondents were
heaving up to 4000 birds on at their farms. Thus the selected poultry farmers on average per farm spent a total cost
of production of Rs.551350.00. This included Rs.48000.00, Rs. 71350.00, Rs.157000.00, Rs.125000.00 and
Rs.150000.00 on Farm rent/cost, Equipment Expenditure of farm, Expenditures Rearing, Labour charges and
marketing costs respectively on capital inputs. The results of the return analysis indicated that production were an
average per farm earned of Rs.960600.00 that included for Rs. 939600.00 on Sale of 900 birds weighing 1.5 kg
each and Rs. 21000.00 sale of poultry manure obtained by the farmers of poultry. It’s the result cleared from the
table that each poultry farmer on an average per farm earned during study, Rs.409250.00 on net income,
Rs.960600.00 on gross income and Rs. 551350.00 on total expenditure in the study area. The selected poultry
farmers on an average per farm earned Rs. 960600.00non the inputs at Rs. 551350.00 in study area. The cost
benefit ratio of the farming of poultry at 1:0.74 it means that the poultry farmers obtained Rs. 0.74 on each rupee
invested by them in the study area.
Keywords: poultry, birds, capital inputs, average, manure, Balochistan
DOI: 10.7176/JPID/54-02
Publication date:May 31st 2020

1. Introduction
The poultry sector is one of the most organized and vibrant segments of the agriculture industry of Pakistan.
Poultry Sector has contributed 1.3 percent in GDP during 2013-14 while its contribution in agriculture and
livestock value added stood at 6.1% and 10.8 % respectively. Poultry meat contributes 28.0% of the total
meat production in the country. Poultry Industry is more than Rs. 200.00 billion. Poultry sector has shown a robust
growth 8-10 percent annually which reflects its inherent potential. The poultry value added at current factor cost
has increased from Rs. 121.7 billion (2012-13) to 130.7 billion (2013-14) showing an increase of 7.4%
as compared to previous year. Export of live poultry and meat from Pakistan increased from Rs.27 million in 2009-
10 to Rs.1.08 billion in 2010-11 and it decreased to Rs. 365 million in 2011- 2012. Pakistan exports poultry and
meat to Afghanistan, Iran, Vietnam and Hongkong. The last decade has seen significant investment in the industry,
particularly in closed housing. Banks made net fresh loans of Rs. 4 billion in one year to October 2013 before
distributing additional loans of another Rs.3 billion in the following year to October 2014 (GOP, 2014).
Poultry is a category of domesticated birds kept by humans for the purpose of collecting their eggs, or killing
for their meat or feathers. These most typically are members of the super order Galloanserae (fowl), especially the
order Galliformes (which includes chickens, quails and turkeys) and the family Anatidae (in order Anseriformes),
commonly known as "waterfowl" (e.g. domestic ducks and domestic geese). Poultry comes from the
French/Norman word poule, itself derived from the Latin word pullus, which means small animal. Poultry is the
second most widely eaten meat in the world, accounting for about 30% of meat production worldwide (GFT, 2003).
Poultry farming industry is growing very rapidly in the Pakistan and its cities and its urban areas. Poultry
farming culture in Pakistan and Asian countries is expanding Very rapidly and its rate of growth of commercial
layer and meat producing (broiler) farms are increasing demand for proteins through poultry meat and eggs. If
proper planning and management has not been taken care of then there is a chance of disease spread in the farms.
So therefore we need to spread the planning and management for the better performance of the Poultry farming in
Pakistan. In Pakistan poultry industry has made significant involvement to food production and its playing a vital
role in the economy of the country Pakistan. Now with the passage of time commercial poultry production is
concentrated around the largest urban centers in the other provinces of Pakistan like Sindh and Punjab and Firstly
at Karachi, Lahore and it is now practically well spread all over the country. With the new researched planning
farms we can improve the performance of this industry according to the Now the large scale investment and proper
incentives have resulted in the establishment of Transportation comprising of 252 hatcheries with capacity to
produce 346 million day old chicks per annum, 141 feed mills with the capacity to produce 2540 thousand tons of
compounds feed per annum and 13154 poultry farms with the capacity to produce 98 million broilers (M.Farran,
2009).

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Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development www.iiste.org
ISSN 2422-846X An International Peer-reviewed Journal
Vol.54, 2020

The poultry meat is the fastest growing component of global meet demand. The poultry sector growth is being
driven by rising incomes, together with the emergence of vertically integrated poultry producers that have reduced
consumer prices by lowering production and marketing costs. Integrated production by way of combining breeding,
feed milling, contract rearing; a market transition from live birds to chilled and frozen products; and policies that
help ensure supplies of competitively priced domestic or imported com and soybeans are keys to future poultry
industry growth in India and in other developing countries (USDA, 2005) .
The poultry industry is providing job opportunities to more and more people. Chicken meat production is
playing effective role in decreasing the gap of the animal protein availability and its requirement. The present
study was therefore carried out to investigate the influence of various feed forms on production of broilers.

2. Objectives
1. To review present status of poultry production in Balochistan Pakistan.
2. To find out socioeconomic factors of poultry farmers in District Quetta.
3. To determine production costs, physical productivity and net return of poultry
farms in Study area.
4. To identify the issues and suggest the policy measures for of poultry farms
production.

3. Methodology
The study was carried out to investigate the production of poultry farming in Quetta district of Baluchistan province.
The study focused on the production of poultry of poultry farming. Economics of production actually plays an
important role in the production. It helps the farmers to use their available resources in a most efficient and
profitable manner. It enables them to look into the various factors and to make adjustments in to get maximum
returns and to minimize costs.
Estimation of Farm inputs
Farm resource utilization is the central to all discussions related to farm. It includes the study of farm resources,
which contribute to both individual and society. The economic aspects of land resources utilization involve the
objective of maximizing the net value of product, when land is used in combination with other resource.
The farm on sample farms was not perfectly homogenous. It varies in its inherent characteristics of
productivity. Therefore farm inputs were aggregated on the basis of unit (farm) under poultry at the selected farms.
Climate offers equal opportunity to all farmers in the farms and hence it may have very insignificant effect on the
comparison of efficiency of farm resources. The estimating farm inputs for poultry farming on the sample farms,
the following formula was used:
Fip=(Fs x Fr) + (Fs x Re) Fs
Where,
Fip = Farm input per unit of poultry
Fr = Farm rent per unit
Re = Rate of electricity charges
Fs = Farm size
Estimation of labour cost
To compute labour costs used in the farming of poultry, labour engaged, number of days worked, wage rate paid
per man per day employed along with working man and wage rate paid were investigated each farming carried out
on the sample farms. In poultry farming were estimated by applying the following formula.
Lip=(Mn x Hc) + (Mwd x Wr) / Fs
Where
Lip=Labour input per in poultry farm
Mn=Machine work hour
Hc=Hiring charges
Mwd= Man work days
Wr=Wage rate
Fs = Farm size
Measurement of capital inputs
To compute the cost of production incurred by farmers on capital inputs and the items such as Chicken Hatchery,
food, Spray chemicals, Fumigation etc. The quantities of these inputs used by farmers of poultry farming and the
prices at which the inputs were purchased or acquired were investigated. The following formula was evolved to
compute per unit cost on these inputs.
Cpu= (Qh x Pr) + (Qf + Pr) + (Qc x Pr) / Fs
Where
Cpu=Capital inputs per unit of poultry

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Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development www.iiste.org
ISSN 2422-846X An International Peer-reviewed Journal
Vol.54, 2020

Qh=Quantity of Hatchery
Pr=Price per unit of inputs
Qf=Quantity of food
Qc=Quantity of Spray chemicals, Fumigation
Fs = Farm size
Estimation of returns
While the produce retained by farmers for their home consumption was valued at prices prevailing in the area.
The quantity of poultry marketed by the farmers was timed with prices they received at the time of disposal by
using following formula:
P = Output price at wholesale level
C = Cost per unit produced
Q = Output of broiler or total live body weight
TC = Total cost of production.
Ip = Input prices

4. Results
This study is based on primary data, which was collected from poultry farmers in district Quetta Balochistan. The
study is described into three subsections:

4.1Age of farmers
Table 1: Distributions of the respondents according to their age
Age No. of farmers Percentage
21-30 years 12 20.00
31-40 years 18 30.00
41-50 years 19 31.66
More than 50 years 11 18.34
Total 60 100
Table-1 shows the distributions of the respondents with the percent of poultry farmer age group. In age group
of 21-30 years, 20.00 percent, 31-40 years, 30.00 percent, 41-50 years, 31.66 percent of poultry farmer age group.
With more than 50 years old farmers, the percentage of poultry farmer age group 18.34 percent.

4.2.Education level of farmers

Table 2: Distribution of the respondent according to their education level
Education level No. of farmers Percentage
Illiterate 10 16.66
Primary 15 25.00
Middle 26 43.34
Matriculation 8 13.34
Collage/University 01 1.66
Total 60 100.00
Table-2 shows the distributions of the education of the respondents with the percent of poultry farmer
education level. In education level 16.66 percent farmers were illiterate, while about 25.00 percent farmers were
Primary level of education, 43.34 percent were middle, 13.34 percent matriculation and 1.66 percent
bachelor/master education in the study area.

4.3. size of farmers

Table 3: Distributions of the respondents according to their family
Family size No. of farmers Percentage
5-10 Members 28 46.66
11-15 Members 23 38.34
More than 15 Members 09 15.00
Total 60 100.00
Table-3 shows about the family size of the respondent. Their family size of 5-10 members and they had 46.66
percent of the poultry farmer 11-15 Members and they had 38.34 percent of the poultry farmer and more than 15
Members they had 15.00 percent of the poultry farmer.

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Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development www.iiste.org
ISSN 2422-846X An International Peer-reviewed Journal
Vol.54, 2020

4.4.Farming experience of farmers

Table 4: Distributions of the respondents according to their farming experience
Farming Experience No. of farmers Percentage
Up to 10 years 08 13.34
11-20 years 25 41.66
21- 30 years 15 25.00
Above 30 years 12 20.00
Total 60 100.00
Table-4 shows relationship between farming experience of poultry farmer. The respondents having farming
experience of up to 10 years; they had 13.34 percent, 11-20 years of farming experience had 41.66 percent,21-30
years of farming experience possessed 25.00 percent of poultry farming. Similarly, farmers with more than 30
years of farming experience had 20.00 percent of poultry farming.

4.5.Family Type of farmers

Table 5: Distribution of respondents according to family type in the study area
Family Type No. of farmers Percentage
Joint 32 46.66
Extended 6 10.00
Single 22 43.33
Total 60 100.00
Table-5 shows that there were 46.66 percent were joint family system, 10.00 percent were extended family
type and 43.33 percent were single family type of the poultry farmer.

4.6.Hygienic
Table 6: Distributions of respondents according to Hygienic farms
Particulars No. of farmers Percentage
Good 20 33.34
Satisfactory 31 51.66
Poor 09 15.00
Total 60 100.00
Table-6 shows about the respondents were categorized in four different categories on the basis of hygienic
conditions on their poultry farms. That 33.34 percent farmer is rearing birds in good hygienic condition, 51.66
percent in satisfactory, 15.00 percent in poor hygienic condition.

4.7.Disinfectants
Table 7: Distributions of respondents according to Disinfectant methods
Particulars No. of farmers Percentage
Spray chemicals 31 51.66
Fumigation 23 38.34
Not practiced 06 10.00
Total 60 100.00
Table-7 shows that 51.66 percent poultry farmers spray chemicals for disinfection purpose. It also presents
that 38.34 percent farmers used to fumigate for disinfection purpose. It was also reported that 10.00 percent farmers
do not exercise any such practice to disinfect their farm.

4.8.Farm Size/Capacity of farm

Table 8: Size /capacity of poultry farm in the study area
Farm Capacity No. of farmers Percentage
Up to 2000 birds 27 45.00
2001 to 4000 birds 20 33.34
Above 4000 birds 13 21.66
Total 60 100.00
Table-8 shows that there were 45.00 percent of the respondents farmers were rearing poultry birds on small
scale 2000 birds , 33.34 percent of farmers were on the range 2001 to 4000 birds and 21.66 percent respondents
were heaving up to 4000 birds on at their farms.

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 Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development www.iiste.org
ISSN 2422-846X An International Peer-reviewed Journal
Vol.54, 2020

4.9.Farm rent
Table 9: Farm rent of poultry farm in the study area
Particulars Mean
Loading/ Unloading 48000.00
Total Rs. 48000.00
Table- shows that on an average per Farm rent farmer spent a sum of Rs. 48000.

4.10.Equipment Expenditure
Table 10: Equipment Expenditure of poultry farm in the study area
Particulars Rate per unit Mean
2 electric/gas/Diesel brooders 500.00 1000.00
10 chick guard sheets 200 .00 2000.00
20 chick feeders / trays 80.00 1600.00
20 chick drinkers 85.00 1700.00
40 round feeders 150.00 6000.00
10 automatic drinkers 450.00 4500.00
1 buckets 350.00 350.00
1 wheel barrow 2300.00 2300.00
1 electric water pump 5000.00 5000.00
1 spray pump 7500.00 7500.00
16 lying nest 2000.00 32000.00
18 curtains 400.00 7200.00
Miscellaneous expenditure 2000 .00
Total Rs. 71350.00
Table-10 shows that on an average per equipment expenditure of poultry farm spent a sum of Rs. 71350.00
in study area.

4.11.Expenditures Rearing
Table 11: Expenditures rearing of poultry farm in the study area
Particulars Rate per unit Mean
Cost of 1000 day-old chicks(1000) Rs.75/each 75000.00
Cost of feed 6 kg / bird for (1000) Rs.40/kg 40000.00
Cost of vaccination & medication Rs.28/bird 28000 .00
Elect: & fuel consumption charges Rs.2000/ month 12000.00
Miscellaneous expenditure 3000.00
Total Rs. 157000.00
Table-11 shows that on an average per expenditures rearing of poultry farm spent a sum of Rs. 157000.00 in
study area.

4.12.Labour charges
Table 12: Labour Inputs of poultry farm in the study area
Particulars Rate per unit Mean
Supervisor (1/2 monthly visit) 600.00 12000.00
Feedings/monthly 5000.00 25000.00
Cleaning/monthly 5000.00 25000.00
Watchmen 5000.00 25000.00
Drinkers/monthly 5000.00 25000.00
Spraying (weekly spray) 300.00 13000.00
Total Rs. 125000.00
Table-l2 shows that Rs 125000.00 on an average per farm poultry farmer spent labour cost of production.
This included Rs. 12000.00 on Supervision (weekly visit), Feedings Rs. 25000.00, Cleaning Rs. 25000.00,
Watchmen Rs. 25000.00, Drinkers Rs. 25000.00 and spraying (weekly spray) Rs. 13000.00 respectively in the
study area.

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Vol.54, 2020

4.13.Marketing costs
Table 13: Marketing cost of poultry farm in the study area
Particulars Rate per unit Mean
Loading/ Unloading 12000.00/monthly 35000.00
Transportation 15000.00/monthly 80000.00
Total Rs. 150000.00
Table-13 shows that each selected poultry farmers in study area on average per farm spent a sum of Rs.
150000.00. This included Rs. 35000.00 for loading, Rs. 80000.00 for transportation and Rs. 35000.00 of unloading.

4.14.Total Expenditures
Table 14: Total Expenditures of poultry farm in the study area
Particulars Mean
Farm rent/cost 48000.00
Equipment Expenditure of farm 71350.00
Expenditures Rearing 157000.00
Labour charges 125000.00
Marketing costs 150000.00
Total Rs. 551350.00
Table-14 showed that the selected poultry farmers in study area on average per farm spent a total cost of
production of Rs.551350.00. This included Rs.48000.00, Rs. 71350.00, Rs.157000.00, Rs.125000.00 and
Rs.150000.00 on Farm rent/cost, Equipment Expenditure of farm, Expenditures Rearing, Labour charges and
marketing costs respectively on capital inputs.

4.15.Physical Productivity/ Revenue Productivity

Table 15: Physical / Revenue Productivity of poultry farm in the study area
Particulars Rate per unit Mean
Sale of 8700 spent hens weighing 1.5 kg each 108.00/kg 939600.00
Sale of poultry manure 3000.00/trolley 21000.00
Total Rs. 960600.00
Table-15 shows that the each selected poultry farmer in study area on an average per farm earned of
Rs.960600.00 that included for Rs. 939600.00 on Sale of 900 birds weighing 1.5 kg each and Rs. 21000.00 sale
of poultry manure obtained by the farmers of poultry.

4.16.Net farm income

Table 16: Net farm income of poultry farm in the study area
Particulars Mean
Gross income (Rs) A 960600.00
Total expenditure (Rs) B 551350.00
Net Income (Rs) A-B=C 409250.00
Table-16 it’s the result cleared from the table that each poultry farmer on an average per farm earned during
study, Rs.409250.00 on net income, Rs.960600.00 on gross income and Rs. 551350.00 on total expenditure in the
study area.

4.17.Productivity ratio
Table 17: Productivity ratio of poultry farm in the study area
Particulars Gross income (Rs) Total expenditure (Rs) Cost benefit ratio
Farm (A) (B) A/B = C
1 960600.00 551350.00 1:1:74
Table-17 show that the selected poultry farmers on an average per farm earned Rs. 960600.00non the inputs
at Rs. 551350.00 in study area. Therefore they availed input output ratio of 1:1:74 from poultry farming in the
study area; it means that with the investment of Rs.1.00 in poultry enterprises they yielded Rs. 1.74 in the study
area.

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Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development www.iiste.org
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Vol.54, 2020

4.18. Cost Benefit ratio

Table 18: Cost Benefit ratio of poultry farm in the study area
Particulars Net income (Rs) Total expenditure (Rs) Cost benefit ratio
Farm (A) (B) A/B = C

1 409250.00 551350.00 1:0.74

Table -18 shows that the cost benefit ratio of the farming of poultry at 1:0.74 it means that the poultry farmers
obtained Rs. 0.74 on each rupee invested by them in the study area.

5. Conclusion and suggestions

The study on “Economic analysis of poultry production in district Quetta Balochistan” revealed that broiler
production is remunerative and offers full scope for employment generation when it is operated on a large scale.
The economic analysis in terms of cost and returns, Net Present value (NPV), Benefit-cost ratio (BCR) indicated
that the broiler farming is economically viable. It was also concluded that broiler farms are give higher yields.
There is also a great scope for broiler industry’s development on a large scale as there is huge domestic and foreign
demand for broilers. Broilers can also become an important source of foreign exchange earner. The poultry sector
is dependent on external sources in the terms of brood. In addition, investments in manufacturing mentioned
products in Balochistan should be encouraged.
Following suggestions have been made keeping in view the problem, related to production and marketing of
broilers faced by the producers of the study area.
 The poultry farmers should increase the farm size of their business as they can get the more profit of scale.
 An input was the major cost of production of poultry so, it is recommended to have proper management
to increase the income.
 High yielding breeds of poultry birds should be made available to poultry farmer through modern
breeding techniques.
 The concerned department should come forward to train poultry farmers on up-keeping their flock on
scientific lines.
 More farmers should be motivated to venture in this trade as broiler production is having high economic
returns.
 Marketing of broilers through proper channels needs to be encouraged.
 Export facilities for broilers need to be strengthened as there is great demand of dressed broiler in Gulf
countries.
 Creation of broiler marketing board, which can take care of both, marketing of output as well as timely
supply of inputs.
 An extension activity needs to be strengthened, so as to guide the poultry farmers about latest happenings
around the world related to poultry industry.

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