10th PS EM-02 TQA

CLASS-10 www.ignitephysics.
net PHYSICAL SCIENCE

02. Acids, Bases and Salts
Textual Questions and Answers
1. Five solutions A, B, C, D and E when tested with universal indicator showed pH as

4, 1, 11, 7 and 9, respectively, which solution is
(a) neutral (b) strongly alkaline (c) strongly acidic (d) weakly acidic (e) weakly alkaline
Arrange the pH in increasing order of Hydrogen ion concentration.
A.
Solution pH Type of solution
A 4 Weak acid
B 1 Strong acid
C 11 Strong base
D 7 Neutral
E 9 Weak base
Arrangement of substances in increasing order of hydrogen ion concentration is
pH =11 < pH =9 < pH =7 < pH =4 < pH =1
C<E<D< A<B
2. What is a neutralization reaction? Give two examples?
A. (i) The reaction between an acid and a base to produce salt and water is called neutralization
reaction.
(ii) Acid + Base  Salt + Water
(iii) Ex: HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2O
H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2  CaSO4 + 2H2O
3. What happens when an acid or base is mixed with water?
A. (i) Adding of water to an acid or a base causes releasing of more amount heat.
(ii) This is an exothermic process.
(iii) Some times it is danger as the beaker or vessel may be broken due to more heat.
(iv) So always we should not add water to acid.
(v) We have to take plenty of water and add small amount of acid slowly and drop by drop.
(vi) The concentration of hydrogen ions per unit volume decreases if it is added to water.
This gives diluted acid.
(vii) Similarly, by mixing of base to water, the concentration of hydroxide ions per unit volume
decreases. This gives diluted base.
(viii) Diluted solutions are formed when acids or bases added to water.
V.NAGAMURTHY – 9441786635
CLASS-10 www.ignitephysics.net PHYSICAL SCIENCE
4. Why does tooth decay start when the pH of mouth is lower than 5.5?
A. (i) Tooth enamel, made of calcium phosphate is the hardest substance in the body.
(ii) Bacteria present in the mouth produce acids by degradation of sugar and food particles
remaining in the mouth.
(iii) This acids attack on the enamel.
(iv) So tooth decay starts when the pH of the mouth is lower than 5.5.
5. Why does not distilled water conduct electricity?
A. (i) Electricity passes through a solution when ions present in it.
(ii) Distilled water does not contain any ionic substance that can dissociate hydronium ion.
(iii) That’s why It does not conduct electricity.
6. Why pure acetic acid does not turn blue litmus to red?
A. (i) Pure acetic acid is a weak acid.
(ii) The concentration of hydrogen ions in acetic acid is less.
(iii) So it does not convert blue litmus in to red.
7. A milkman adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk.
a) Why does he shift the pH of the fresh milk from 6 to slightly alkaline?
b) Why does this milk take a long time to set as curd?
A. a) (i) A milkman adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk.
(ii) By making the milk more alkaline, it prevents for more time to turn into curd.
b) (i) Milk turns in to curd due to production of lactic acid by lactobacillus bacteria.
(ii) But the acid will be neutralized by baking soda.
(iii) So the milk take long time to set in to curd.
8. Plaster of Paris should be stored in moisture-proof container. Explain. Why?
A. (i) Plaster of Paris should be stored in moisture-proof container.
(ii) Because it turns into Gypsum after reacting with moisture present in air.
(iii) Also it sets into hard solid.
(iv) CaSO4. H2O + 1 H2O  CaSO4. 2H2O
9. Compounds such as alcohols and glucose contain hydrogen but are not categorized as
acids. Describe the procedure of an activity to prove it.
A. Activity:
(i) Prepare solutions of glucose, alcohol, hydrochloric acid
and sulphuric acid etc.,
(ii) Connect two different coloured electrical wires to graphite
rods separately in a 100 ml beaker.
(iii) Connect free ends of the wire to 6V battery through a bulb and a switch.
(iv) Make a circuit.
(v) Now pour some dilute HCl in the beaker and switch on to allow the flow of current.
(vi) Repeat the activity with dilute Sulphuric acid and glucose and alcohol solutions separately.
(vii) We will notice that the bulb glows only in acid solutions but not in glucose and alcohol
solutions.
(viii) Glowing of bulb indicates that there is a flow of electric current through the solution.
(ix) Acid solutions have ions and the moment of these ions in solution helps for flow of electric
current through the solution.
(x) Alcohol and glucose contains hydrogen but not dissociates hydrogen ion in their aqueous
solutions. So they are not categorized as acids.
10. What is meant by “water of crystallization” of a substance? Describe an activity to
show the water of crystallization.
A. Water crystallization:
(i) The water molecules present in the formula unit of salt crystals are called water of
crystallization.
(ii) The salts which contain water of crystallization are called hydrated salts.
Activity:
(i) Take a few crystals of Copper sulphate in a dry test tube.
(ii) Hold the test tube with test tube holder.
(iii) Lit the spirit lamp or Bunsen burner.
(iv) Heat the test tube.
(v) We observe the water droplets appear on the inner walls of
the test tube.
(vi) This is due to evaporation of water of crystallization present in crystals.
(vii) Blue colour copper sulphate turns into white.
(viii) When the crystals are added with water, the blue colour reappears.
11. Draw a neat diagram showing acid solution in water conducts electricity.
A.
12. How does the flow of acid rain into a river make the survival of aquatic life in a river
difficult?
A. (i) Living organisms can survive only in a narrow range of pH change.
(ii) When pH of rain water is less than 5.6, it is called acid rain.
(iii) When acid rain flows in to the rivers, it lowers the pH of the river water, the survival of
aquatic life in such rivers becomes difficult.
13. What is baking powder? How does it make the cake soft and spongy?
A. (i) Baking powder is a mixture of baking soda and a mild edible acid such as tartaric acid.
(ii) When baking powder is heated or mixed in water, the following reaction takes place.
(iii) NaHCO3 + H+  CO2 + H2O + sodium salt of acid.
(iv) Carbon dioxide produced during the reaction causes bread or cake to rise making them
soft and spongy.
14. Give two important uses of washing soda and baking soda.
A. Uses of Baking Soda (NaHCO3):
(i) Baking soda is used for making Baking powder. Baking powder is used in the preparation of
bread and cake to make them soft and spongy.
(ii) Baking soda is also an ingredient in antacids. Being alkaline, it neutralizes excess acid
in the stomach and provides relief.
(iii) It is also used as soda-acid in fire extinguishers.
(iv) It acts as mild antiseptic.
(v) It is used sometimes for fast cooking.
Uses of Washing soda (Na2CO3) :
(i) Sodium carbonate (washing soda) is used in glass, soap and paper industries.
(ii) It is used in the manufacture of sodium compounds such as borax.
(iii) Washing soda can be used as a cleaning agent for domestic purposes.
(iv) It is used for removing permanent hardness of water.
15. Dry hydrogen chloride gas does not turn blue litmus to red whereas hydrochloric
acid does. Why?
A. (i) Dry HCl gas (Hydrogen chloride) is not an acid.
(ii) So it does not convert blue litmus in to red.
(iii) Because the HCl gas dissociates in the presence of water to produce hydrogen ions.
(iv) In the absence of water dissociation of HCl molecules do not occur.
16. Fresh milk has a pH of 6. Explain why the pH changes as it turns into curd?
A. (i) Fresh milk has a pH of 6.
(ii) By releasing lactic acid by Lacto bascillus bacteria, the milk turns into curd.
(iii) pH values of acids are less. So the pH value of milk decreases, when it turns into curd.
17. Equal lengths of magnesium ribbons are taken in test tubes A and B. Hydrochloric acid
is added to test tube A, while acetic acid is added to test tube B. Amount and
concentration of both the acids is same. In which test tube will the fizzing occur more
vigorously and why?
A. (i) Magnesium is a metal.
(ii) Strong acids reacts rapidly with metals.
(iii) As HCl is a strong acid than acetic acid, In test tube A fizzing occur vigorously and HCl
reacts with magnesium ribbon.
18. How do you prepare your own indicator using beetroot? Explain.
A. (i) To prepare beet root indicator, we need beet root and a filter paper.
(ii) Extract juice from beet root and filter it.
(iii) Drop a filter paper into the juice.
(iv) Let it be dry.
(v) The dried paper acts as beet root indicator.

10th PS EM-02 TQA

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

10th PS EM-02 TQA

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

10th PS EM-02 TQA

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CLASS-10 www.ignitephysics.

net PHYSICAL SCIENCE

1. Five solutions A, B, C, D and E when tested with universal indicator showed pH as

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.