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    Otto Cycle

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    Yuji Ohkusu
    The Otto cycle was first developed by German engineer Nikolaus Otto and is used in gasoline engines. It involves four processes - isentropic compression, isometric combustion, isentropic expansion, and isometric exhaust - over four strokes: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. The cycle uses the combustion of air and fuel to produce power from the expansion of gases during the power stroke, then exhausts the gases on the exhaust stroke. It follows the ideal thermodynamic processes of compression, combustion at constant volume, expansion, and exhaust at constant volume.

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    Otto Cycle

    Uploaded by

    Yuji Ohkusu
    56 views5 pages
    The Otto cycle was first developed by German engineer Nikolaus Otto and is used in gasoline engines. It involves four processes - isentropic compression, isometric combustion, isentropic expansion, and isometric exhaust - over four strokes: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. The cycle uses the combustion of air and fuel to produce power from the expansion of gases during the power stroke, then exhausts the gases on the exhaust stroke. It follows the ideal thermodynamic processes of compression, combustion at constant volume, expansion, and exhaust at constant volume.

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    The Otto cycle was first developed by German engineer Nikolaus Otto and is used in gasoline engines. It involves four processes - isentropic compression, isometric combustion, isentropic expansion, and isometric exhaust - over four strokes: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. The cycle uses the combustion of air and fuel to produce power from the expansion of gases during the power stroke, then exhausts the gases on the exhaust stroke. It follows the ideal thermodynamic processes of compression, combustion at constant volume, expansion, and exhaust at constant volume.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    56 views5 pages

    Otto Cycle

    Uploaded by

    Yuji Ohkusu
    The Otto cycle was first developed by German engineer Nikolaus Otto and is used in gasoline engines. It involves four processes - isentropic compression, isometric combustion, isentropic expansion, and isometric exhaust - over four strokes: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. The cycle uses the combustion of air and fuel to produce power from the expansion of gases during the power stroke, then exhausts the gases on the exhaust stroke. It follows the ideal thermodynamic processes of compression, combustion at constant volume, expansion, and exhaust at constant volume.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    OTTO CYCLE

     It was first developed by a German


    Engineer, Nikolaus August Otto. It is a gas
    power cycle that used in Spark Ignition
    Engine ( i.e. Gasoline Engine) for its
    working.
     It involves four engine strokes, and it has
    four processes (Isentropic, Isometric,
    Isentropic, and Isometric) SVSV.

    Note: please review your Thermodynamics Processes

    The Four Engine Strokes and Four Processes

    Key terms to Remember:


    1. Cylinder
    7 - The space or chamber to which the piston
    6 8 travels up and down

    2. Piston
    - Converts the heat energy from combustion
    into mechanical energy that will rotate the
    3 car’s wheel
    5

    4 3. Top Dead Center (TDC)


    - Farthest point of piston’s upward travel
    1
    2
    4. Bottom Dead Center (BDC)
    - Farthest point of piston’s downward travel
    5. Stroke
    - The point when the piston travels from Bottom Dead Center to Top Dead Center or vice-versa.

    6. Intake Valve
    - It introduces the air and fuel mixture into the cylinder

    7. Exhaust Valve
    - It helps to evacuate the unburned gasses/by products from the cylinder

    8. Spark Plug
    - Provides ignition/heat to produce combustion in the cylinder by its spark

    First Stroke 0-1 (Intake Stroke)


    - The intake valve will open. The P
    piston travels downward from top
    dead center to bottom dead to
    draw the air and fuel mixture into
    the cylinder. Volume increases.

    0 1
    V
    Second stroke 1-2 (Compression Stroke- Isentropic Compression; PV k=C)

    - Piston travels upward to P


    compress the air and fuel to
    2
    make it combustible mixture.
    Volume decreases and Pressure
    increases

    0 1
    V

    2-3 (Heat Addition, QA- Isometric; V=C)

    - Before moving to the Third P 3


    stroke, we will need something
    to give us power and that is 2
    where the combustion comes in.
    The spark plug now ignites and it
    will provide heat to the air and
    fuel mixture which produce 0 1
    combustion. The combustion is
    what we call the heat addition to V
    our engine. Here, the pressure
    increases.

    Third Stroke 3-4 (Power Stroke- Isentropic Expansion; PV k=C)

    - By utilizing the heat energy


    P 3
    from the combustion, the
    pressure now decreases and the
    2
    volume increases, and this stroke
    is what we call the power stroke. 4
    It’s called the power stroke as
    this is the power that moves your
    0 1
    car and will keep the cycle from
    going from going around. V

    4-1 (Heat Rejection, QR- Isometric; V=C)

    - After using the air and fuel P 3


    mixture, its waste need to be
    evacuated, this is what we call 2
    the heat rejection of the engine.
    The exhaust valve will open to 4
    assist the evacuation of the
    waste gases from the cylinder 0 1
    making the pressure to
    decreases. V
    Fourth Stroke 1-0 (Exhaust stoke)

    - The last stroke will now be 3


    used as we need something to
    evacuate the waste gases out. 2
    The piston will now travel
    upward to push out the waste 4
    gases.
    0 1

    FORMULA FOR OTTO CYCLE

    PROCESS 1-2

     Beginning of compression (P1,V1,T1)


     Initial (P1,V1,T1)
     In the end of compression (P2,V2,T2)
     Maximum Volume (V1), minimum volume (V2)
     Adiabatic (no heat gain or no heat loss)

    PROCESS 2-3

     Beginning of combustion/heat addition (P2,V2,T2)


     At the end of combustion/heat addition (P3,V3,T3)
     Maximum pressure and temperature (P3,T3)
     V2=V3
    PROCESS 3-4

     Beginning of expansion (P3,V3,T3)


     End of expansion (P4,V4,T4)
     Adiabatic (no heat gain or no heat loss)

    PROCESS 4-1

     Beginning of heat rejection (P4,V4,T4)


     End of heat rejection (P1,V1,T1)
     V1=V4

    WORK OF THE CYCLE


    EFFICIENCY OF THE CYCLE

    CLEARANCE

    VOLUME DISPLACEMENT

    MEAN EFFECTIVE PRESSURE

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