1.President Ferdinand “Bongbong” R. Marcos Jr.

(BBM) (2022) The Department of Agriculture under

https://www.da.gov.ph/

Now, as the country’s 17th President, President BBM made the unprecedented decision of designating
himself as the concurrent head of the Department of Agriculture amidst the looming global food crisis.
In his inaugural message on June 30, the President noted that the country’s agriculture sector “cries for
urgent attention” after years of neglect and misdirection.His plan of action for the short-term is to
increase the yield of the country’s main staple and provide support to those in need of government
assistance. Over the long-term, he is pushing for multi-year planning focused on the restructuring of the
food value chain from research to development to retail.

2.International Trade Administration(2022) Philippines - Agricultural Sectors

https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/philippines-agricultural-sectors

The Philippines is the seventh-largest market for U.S. agricultural exports and the top market in
Southeast Asia. Already a longstanding and reliable trading partner, the Philippines continues to offer
many opportunities for exporters because of its young and growing population and rising household
income. The Philippine food and beverage sector has grown significantly over the past decade. While
the usual consumption patterns have been forced to accommodate pandemic restrictions in recent
years, the sector has been resilient. The United States saw a record year in 2021 for agricultural exports
to the Philippines. Still, the path to achieving annual records will likely be through diversification,
especially in consumer-oriented products. The strong trade relationship and consumer trust in U.S.
products built over decades can be important for exporters.

3.Philippine Statistics Authority (2022) Performance of Philippines Agriculture

https://psa.gov.ph/tags/performance-philippine-agriculture

The value of production in agriculture and fisheries at constant 2018 prices increased by 1.8 percent in
the third quarter of 2022. In particular, the value of crops, livestock, and poultry production posted
increments. Meanwhile, the value of fisheries production dropped during the period.

4. Pres. Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos(2022).Rice farmers nationwide to receive more fertilizer aid

https://psa.gov.ph/tags/performance-philippine-agriculture

The PITC was tapped to import the required volume of fertilizer at a lower cost through government-to-
government arrangement. With a P4.1 billion fund, the DA will be able to buy about 2.277 million bags
of urea to be given in-kind to farmers.

5.Foreign Agricultural Service (2022). Philippines: Grain and Feed Update

FAS Manila revised MY 2022/23 milled rice production downward to 11.975 million MT both because of
a 3 percent expected reduction in yields as soaring fertilizer prices result in significantly reduced
application and because of the effects of Typhoon Noru (Local name: Karding). To compensate for the
expected rice supply shortfall, FAS Manila forecasts increased rice imports to 3.4 million MT. Also, FAS
Manila forecasts MY 2022/23 corn production at 7.9 million MT, down 400,000 MT as compared to
USDA Official, for the same reason of significantly reduced fertilizer application. FAS Manila forecasts
corn imports to reach 1.7 million MT as a result of the government issuing Executive Order 171, Series of
2022.

6.Eugenia Co Go Senior Economics Officer, Economic Research and Regional Cooperation Department,
ADB(2021)Farmers are Rolling On and Rolling Off to Increased Revenue in the Philippines

https://blogs.adb.org/blog/farmers-rolling-on-rolling-off-to-increased-revenue-in-the-philippines

The dependence of farmers on these marketing channels increases the further they are from their
markets. In these settings, intermediaries often bargain down prices without passing on the reduction to
consumers.One of the reasons for the lack of bargaining power by farmers in dealing with
intermediaries is high trade costs, which allow the latter to engage in price gouging.

7.Philippine Information Agency (2022)Facing the big challenges in Philippine Agriculture

https://pia.gov.ph/press-releases/2022/06/06/facing-the-big-challenges-in-philippine-agriculture

While the country is slowly going back to its normalcy after battling the COVID-19 pandemic for more
than two years now, the current health crisis continues to dampen global goods trade, amplifying job
and income losses of most middle- and low income Filipinos. At the onset of the crisis, food supply
chains were shackled, imposing restrictions on the movement of goods as well as people. These
protection measures resulted to food price inflation, further increasing hunger and poverty incidences.

8.Office of the Press Secretary (2022). PBBM makes agriculture top priority; vows to cure sector’s
problems

https://ops.gov.ph/news_releases/pbbm-makes-agriculture-top-priority-vows-to-cure-sectors-
problems/

Speaking to reporters during a Malacañang press briefing, President Marcos, who heads the Department
of Agriculture (DA) in a concurrent capacity, said the agriculture sector has a production shortfall in
palay, corn, livestock and fisheries.“That is why I made agriculture the single, the highest priority of
everything that we are doing. Because you cannot build a strong economy unless you have a foundation
of a robust agricultural sector, which assures food supply even in emergencies. And that’s what we’re
working towards,” he said.
9.National Economic and Development Authority (2022) . Addressing the Impacts of Climate Change in
the Philippine Agriculture Sector

https://neda.gov.ph/addressing-impacts-climate-change-philippine-agriculture-sector/

The Philippines is an archipelagic country where agriculture plays a vital role in providing around 30
percent of employment and 10 per-cent of the country’s total gross domestic product in 2013. Recent
natural disasters significantly affected crops and livestock resulted to severe loss in agricultural
production including human lives. Climate change worsens the economic situation and food security
among others of the Philippine people. Hence, there is a critical and urgent need to develop climate -
smart technologies available and accessible to the farmers through creation of an enabling institutional
environment.

10.Technical Education and Skill Development Authority TESDA(2022).BRIGHT FUTURE SEEN IN

https://www.tesda.gov.ph/About/TESDA/69

The scenario of the El Niño phenomenon is also hovering over the Philippine agriculture sector.
However, unlike in the previous occurrence where the country was caught flat-footed, the government
is now ready to counter its effects, it has allotted a huge amount of P1 billion in order to fund the
necessary migrating measures to cushion the impact of El Niño.

11.Dennis P. Garrity, David M. Kummer, and Ernesto S. Guiang National Academies of Sciences,
Engineering, and Medicine. (1993).Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment in the Humid Tropics

https://doi.org/10.17226/1985.

Land areas of the Philippines. It begins with an analysis of the historical and current dimensions of land
use in the upland ecosystem, reviews and critiques proposed actions, and recommends solutions within
an overarching strategy that builds on the linkages that exist between farming and forestry systems.

12.DA Communications Group (2022).Facing the big challenges in Philippine Agriculture

https://www.da.gov.ph/facing-the-big-challenges-in-philippine-agriculture/

As the Philippines dealt with the ‘perfect storm’ – the COVID-19 pandemic, African Swine Fever (ASF),
and the ongoing Ukraine-Russia war – agriculture is among the sectors to receive the hardest blow,
feeling every inch of strain, horrifying the entire food system altogether. The Department of Agriculture
(DA), under the leadership of outgoing President Rodrigo Roa Duterte, left no stone unturned to lessen,
if not totally eradicate, the devastating impacts that are rippling out beyond borders and across
societies, further increasing indignant instability.

13.University Library, University of the Philippines at Los Baños. Challenges faced by Philippine
agriculture and UPLB's [University of the Philippines Los Baños] strategic response towards
sustainable development and internalization [2015]
https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=PH2016000388

The Philippines being an agricultural country need to invest in promoting inclusive growth, and build
more sustainable agriculture and food systems, that are resilient to calamities and respond effectively to
climate change impact. The main goal is to develop the agriculture sector to be able to attain food self
sufficiency, uplift the rural community and increase the income of the farmers. Agriculture's
contribution to the economy is estimated to be about 40 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP) and
two-thirds of jobs arise from agriculture. However, agricultural sector has been beset with persistent
challenges resulting in low farm incomes, low rural employment, lack of food security, and meager
agricultural competitiveness. Among the 17 targeted areas of the Global Sustainable Development
Goals, the Philippines should specifically pursue the goals to end/minimize hunger, achieve food
security, improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture. The status of Philippine agriculture as
well as the challenges and strategies for sustainable development were discussed. Challenges identified
were lack of important provisions that will guarantee food security and reduce poverty in the
countryside, lack of programs that will link agriculture with the industry, and insufficient activities aimed
to vigorously transfer advanced production, post-harvest, and processing technologies to the
stakeholders, among others.

14.Third Anne Peralta-Malonzo(2022)Philippines agricultural sector faces crisis

https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1932626/manila/local-news/philippines-agricultural-sector-faces-
crisis

NATIONAL Economic and Development Authority (Neda) chairman-designate Arsenio Balisacan said on
Tuesday, June 21, 2022, that the country is already experiencing a crisis in its agricultural sector given
the soaring prices of primary commodities, especially food."Food crisis have risen already and as you
know, the Avian flu, this problem, has been with us that has led to price increases of meat. Rice prices
have also been a problem that while the tariffication has brought down the cap of prices quite a bit, they
are still high and the issues that concern farmers, the low profitability of rice farming in agriculture and
farming in general have to be faced. So with that I would say that our agriculture is in crisis,” Balisacan
said in a television interview.

15.SPEAKER ROMUALDEZ(2022) : PBBM SHINES AT APEC AS SAVVY INT’L LEADER PROMOTING PH

https://www.congress.gov.ph/press/details.php?pressid=12295

He said President Marcos was not only able to effectively articulate the Philippine position on pressing
global issues but he also established warm relations with fellow heads of state, particularly during the
bilateral meetings held on the sidelines of the APEC meeting.

“The points the President has raised during the various APEC sessions resonated with other leaders of
member economies and attuned with the common objective to revitalize the Asia-Pacific region as the
main engine of global economic recovery and growth,” Romualdez noted.Romualdez cited the
statement of Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) Assistant Secretary Eric Tamayo who said in the press
briefing on Friday that most of the statements from the APEC leaders were “actually aligned and
parallel” with the pronouncements of President Marcos.

16.William Madayag and Hajime Estanislao(2021)A sector study on Philippine Agriculture : It is

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353295428_Sector_Study_on_Philippine_Agriculture

It is our primary contention in this paper to discuss and analyze the currenttrends and issues pertaining
to a very important sector in the industry of the country butsadly, this is often neglected and set aside
by most people especially the youngergenerations and this is our Agricultural sector.We therefore aim
to shed light on this sector’s history from the 1960s upto thepresent to show how far we’ve come. We
will echo the plight of farmers whose storiesare often left untold for we owe so much from them for
without farmers, life in the landwould cease to exist.Lastly, as students of Technology Management, we
will also identify the role ofemerging technologies in this sector and promote its use in order to help our
farmersbe competitive to help them address the effects of tariffs laws, climate change, increasein
population among others.

17.Roehlano M. Briones(2021). Philippine agriculture: Current state, challenges, and ways forward

https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidspn2112.pdf?
fbclid=IwAR3RvKz1Ya2J13utihtCI2SqYcj46HrKQbtt2sx1Tyb7IG65elnjz2Gd2ks

In the Philippines, agriculture started growing at an adequate pace in the 1960s and 1970s thanks to
new technologies at the time (e.g., the Green Revolution seeds). Agribusiness also started in key export
crops (e.g., bananas and pineapple), with coconut and sugarcane enjoying a worldwide commodity price
boom. However, growth retreated in the 1980s and 1990s but recovered in the 2000s due to another
price surge in the latter part of the decade. However, in the 2010s, growth receded to just under 2
percent. From 2010 to 2019, the poultry industry had been the key driver of growth in agriculture, while
crops have stagnated. A prominent feature of crop farming in the country from the 1960s to 2010s is the
dominance of the same five traditional crops: palay, corn, coconut, sugarcane, and banana. Meanwhile,
fisheries further contracted in 2014–2018, faring even worse than crops.

18.Trinh Nguyen(2022). Why is athe Philippines so vulnerable to food inflation

https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/13/why-philippines-is-so-vulnerable-to-food-inflation-pub-
87467

In late June, Ferdinand Marcos Jr., then the president-elect of the Philippines, made a curious move: he
appointed himself agriculture secretary, chief of the country’s food policy. The Philippines, like many
countries around the world, is facing skyrocketing food inflation due to supply issues and high fuel costs.
But taking the reins himself likely won’t give Marcos additional options. His policy choices are very
limited in the short term, especially in comparison to countries such as India, Thailand, and Vietnam. The
Philippines is the most food-insecure country in emerging Asia due to its reliance on imported food to
feed its expanding population, and Marcos’ self-appointment is a worrisome sign for his country’s food
self-sufficiency amid a looming crisis.

19.Rowena P. Varela,Arnold G. Apdohan and Raquel M. Balanay(2022)Climate resilient agriculture

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2022.974789/full

This paper describes the assessment of climate risks, the vulnerability of farmlands, and the adaptive
farming practices to climate change with the use of GIS, field observations, stakeholder consultation and
interviews and case documentation. GIS-based climate risk vulnerability assessment maps were
generated to pinpoint the areas with the major climate hazards in Agusan del Norte. The vulnerability of
the farmlands, and the adaptive capacity of the farms were assessed with index scoring. Also,
adaptation to climate change based on the most problematic hazard (flooding) was observed on the two
groups of farmers (with and without climate resilient agriculture (CRA)/cropping system adjustments)
for cost and benefit comparison. The results show flooding and drought as the significant hazards in
Agusan del Norte (Caraga Region) and high vulnerability to these hazards due to low coping mechanisms
for most farms. Low adaptive capacity was also observed among these farms. Case-based observations
on adaptation in Jabonga, Agusan del Norte revealed that well-timed adjustments to the usual cropping
system can increase farm income despite of the flood and inundation for 2–3 months. This study
recommends for harmonized measures toward advocating strengthened adaptive capacity for
agriculture across Agusan del Norte. Further climate R&D and increasing policy support on climate
financing and CRA options are highly encouraged for the agricultural stakeholders to take action. For
hard-pressed farmers with constrained access to improved varieties and technologies, timing is
potentially essential to circumvent damages from climate change to gain economic and psychosocial
benefits with well-timed adaptation measures.

20.Ben R. Punongbayan(2021) Transforming Philippine agriculture

https://www.grantthornton.com.ph/insights/articles-and-updates1/opinion/transforming-philippine-
agriculture/

Improving Philippine agriculture, which includes fishery and forestry products, has been a persistent
major issue since much of the 20th century. Unfortunately, we still continue to struggle to come to grips
with it.While agriculture is a small component of the Philippine economy, it is from where a greater
proportion of our citizens make their living and where the poverty incidence is higher—34% for both
farmers and fishermen in 2015 when the overall poverty incidence was 22%. It is therefore imperative
that the government must devote an urgent and resolute attention to agriculture.