English

-··o--··· V Structure of English

PART I: CONTENT UPDATE

• • • • 226 BASIC SENTENCE PATTERNS

Below are basic patterns around which most English sentences are built.
• • • • 245 1. N be Adj
where the adjective is a SUBJECT COMPLEMENT, in particular a
• • • • 260 PREDICATE ADJECTIVE. The adjective refers back to the subject.
The copula verbbe means "may be described as."
• • • • 280 Roses are sweet. (subject complement = predicate adjective)
2. N be UW (= uninflected word)
_ Structure of English where the uninflected word is an ADVERBIAL such as here, there, up,
.
r
• • • • 296 . .
down, in, out, inside, upstairs, downstairs, on, off, now, then, yester-
\. .
day, and tomorrow. Be has the meaning of "be located" or "occur."
,cl'

• Demonstrate understanding of grammatical The meeting was yesterday. (adverbial)

• • • • 310
concepts by being able to ·describe and analyse, 3. N1 be N1
meaning, and use of various English language where the superscript means that the two nouns have the same
• • •. • 328 structures referent. The second noun following the be verb is also a SUBJECT
COMPLEMENT, in particular a PREDICATE NOUN or PREDICATE
• • • • 348 Prof. Alice M. Karaan NOMINATIVE.
Her neighbor is my cousin� (subject complement = predicate nomina-
• • • • 363 tive) - "'
• • • • 377
4. N lnV (= intransitive verb)
where the INTRANSITIVE VERB does not require an object. The verb
being self-sufficient can stand alone with its subject.
Glasses break. ·. . ..;•
5. N1 TrV (= transitive V) N2 iJi,- ii\.? _ - ,;,,:)�Al , i· · ·
:��;�;:��;i
ti i 11 -·, ·
whlte·N2-·o·'doe§ !as·- N· 1.. ..N.2/',is,. �Ii
·:·t

� -. . \;fvi;·'. not have th�·-'ll!-"

ra �e
"i.:. ,... . referent
� ·� ;;-;-;-;-- .I
- T- f.•th..
1 RE- .c" T BJ..EC -
� 0""· o e verb£;-'t J�[e�tve.��of the action. 1' _
>
.,,
-�;.,,;�;;,4i
.,.... ..
-·�--,H......... --··!·-----7�-�

T�e girl buys yellow roses. -�r:t\;.3; ' )\l ;;,t

J ,,.�1 ,-
:� .. �·-:
,; -'.,.,·
· ·· ..:· .. �.-�·�-" · ·' ,._ '.'ff{]'' .. -�::F
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Prof. Alice M. Karaan PNU LET Reviewer