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    Evaporator 2 Effect Final EXPORT

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    Ritik Chaturvedi
    This document discusses the design of a 3-effect evaporator system for concentrating glycerol. Key specifications and operating parameters are provided. Calculations are shown to determine the evaporation rates, temperatures, heat transfer rates, and heat transfer areas of each effect. The steam economy and total heat transfer area are estimated. Finally, the annual costs including capital costs, steam costs, electricity costs, fixed costs, and total operating costs of running the evaporator plant are calculated.

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    Evaporator 2 Effect Final EXPORT

    Uploaded by

    Ritik Chaturvedi
    17 views2 pages
    This document discusses the design of a 3-effect evaporator system for concentrating glycerol. Key specifications and operating parameters are provided. Calculations are shown to determine the evaporation rates, temperatures, heat transfer rates, and heat transfer areas of each effect. The steam economy and total heat transfer area are estimated. Finally, the annual costs including capital costs, steam costs, electricity costs, fixed costs, and total operating costs of running the evaporator plant are calculated.

    Original Description:

    The document describes the procedure of designing a 2- effect evaporator.

    Original Title

    Evaporator 2 effect Final EXPORT

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    This document discusses the design of a 3-effect evaporator system for concentrating glycerol. Key specifications and operating parameters are provided. Calculations are shown to determine the evaporation rates, temperatures, heat transfer rates, and heat transfer areas of each effect. The steam economy and total heat transfer area are estimated. Finally, the annual costs including capital costs, steam costs, electricity costs, fixed costs, and total operating costs of running the evaporator plant are calculated.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    17 views2 pages

    Evaporator 2 Effect Final EXPORT

    Uploaded by

    Ritik Chaturvedi
    This document discusses the design of a 3-effect evaporator system for concentrating glycerol. Key specifications and operating parameters are provided. Calculations are shown to determine the evaporation rates, temperatures, heat transfer rates, and heat transfer areas of each effect. The steam economy and total heat transfer area are estimated. Finally, the annual costs including capital costs, steam costs, electricity costs, fixed costs, and total operating costs of running the evaporator plant are calculated.

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    of 2

    Evaporator Design

    Glycerol FOR 3 EFFECT

    We considered 2 effect vertical evaporator design


    Given data:
    Mass flowrate(w_F) I. Conc(%) F.Conc(%) Temp(K) Steam_press(1st eff) Vacuum_press(3rd eff)
    3000 kg/h 5 75 293 103.66 Kpa 100 mm Hg
    0.833333 kg/s
    Solution:

    Total solid Total product Total Evaporation to be done T_steam(entering) T_steam(3rd effect) T_diff
    150 kg/h 200 kg/h 2800 kg/h 373.4118 K 324.034 K 49.3778 K
    0.041667 kg/s 0.055555556 kg/s 0.777778 kg/s temperature from (sat.)steam table

    U_assumed(avg)
    1500 W/m²K

    Assume nominal diameter 2 in Sch No 80 Steel pipe


    TUBE OD 2.38 in 0.060452 m
    ID 1.939 in 0.04925 m
    length 2 m

    Assuming equal evaporation rate in all 2 effects


    w1 0.388889 kg/s w1 is evaporation rate in 1st effect Outlet from 1st effect w_F-w1 0.444444 kg/s
    w2 0.388889 kg/s w2 is evaporation rate in 2nd effect Outlet from 2nd effect w_F-w1-w2 0.055556 kg/s

    Conc_gly in outlet from 1st effect(wt%) 9.375


    Conc_gly in outlet from 2nd effect(wt%) 75

    From BPR table of glycerol


    BPR for 1st effect 0.7 K BPR1
    BPR for 3rd effect 13.85 K BPR3

    Sum of BPR for glycerol soln(s) 14.55 K


    Effective temp diff (T_diff- s) 34.8278 K

    Assume heat transfer rate to be equal for each effect,


    Q1=Q2
    We know U1=U2=1500 W/m2K
    U1A1Δt1=U2A2Δt2=U3A3Δt3
    Assume all areas be equal,
    Δt1=Δt2
    Δt1 17.4139 K
    Δt2 17.4139 K

    Actual boiling point in each effect


    1st effect T1 = T_steam-Δt1 355.9979 K
    2nd effect T2 = T1-BPR1-Δt2 337.884 K

    For ho calculation: For hi calculation:

    Using properties for each effect in above equation:


    ho1 5442.35 W/m²K hi1 6721.04 W/m²K
    ho2 5135.99 W/m²K hi2 2350.87 W/m²K
    ho3 4824.96 W/m²K hi3 1989.01 W/m²K

    Using the equation for U,


    U1 2334.715789 W/m²K
    U2 1284.065801 W/m²K
    U3 1128.26347 W/m²K

    Thus,
    Estimated U for 1st effect(U1) 2334.71579 W/m²K
    Estimated U for 2nd effect(U2) 1284.0658 W/m²K
    Estimated U for 3rd effect(U3) 1128.26347 W/m²K

    Assume heat transfer from steam to soln is equal in all 2 effects


    Q1=Q2
    Also, heat transfer area for all 2 effects are equal, A1=A2
    We have,
    U1A1Δt1=U2A2Δt2
    U1Δt1=U2Δt2
    2334.71579Δt1=1284.0658Δt2
    Δt1 7.125861 K
    Δt2 12.95639 K
    λs = latent heat of steam = 2257.86 kJ/kg 2257.86 kJ/kg
    Actual boiling point in each effect HF = enthalpy of feed at inlet temp(293 ⁰C) = 0.575 kcal/kg⁰C * 25 60.0875 kJ/kg
    1st effect T1 = T_steam-Δt1 366.2859 K H1 = enthalpy of steam leaving 1st effect at T1 = H2s+Cpsteam(BPR1)
    2nd effect T2 = T1-BPR1-Δt2 352.6295 K H1 = 2666.0 kJ/kg +1.884 kJ/kgK * BPR1 2500.119 kJ/kg
    h1 = enthalpy of outlet at T1 = CP1(T1-0) = 0.069 kcal/kg⁰C * T1 105.6442 kJ/kg

    Heat balance
    1st effect λ1 = latent heat of steam at
    at 366 K = H1 - h2s
    367.135K 2272.423 kJ/kg
    w_sλs + w_FHF = w1H1 + (w_F-w1)h1 H2 = enthalpy of steam leaving 2nd effect = H3s+Cpsteam(BPR2)
    59.476w_s - 63.075w1 = 1 -->eqn(1) H2= 2646.6 kJ/kg + 1.884kJ/kgK*BPR2 2672.593 kJ/kg
    h2= enthalpy of outlet at T2 = CP2(T2-0)= 0.0585kcal/kg⁰C*T2 85.49151 kJ/kg

    2nd effect
    w1λ1 + (w_F-w1)h1 = w2H2 + (w_F-w1-w2)h2
    134.1186w1 - 154.0572w2 + 1 = 0 -->eqn(2)
    Also, Heat transfer rate in each effect
    w1+w2 = 0.7778 -->eqn(4) Q1 = w_sλs 1025.2942 kJ/s U1A1Δt1
    Q2 = w1λ1 937.01069 kJ/s U2A2Δt2
    Solving these equations,
    w_s 0.4541 kg/s
    w1 0.41234 kg/s
    w2 0.36546 kg/s

    Area of each effect Deviation_area


    A1 61.6278657 m2 4.4989712 %
    A2 56.32136388 m2 A1+A2+A3 117.9492 m2 4.4989712 %
    ΣAi/2 58.97461 m2

    Cost Estimation

    Steam Economy
    Σwi 0.7778 kg/s Steam Economy 1.7128386
    w_s 0.4541 kg/s

    Total Area 117.9492

    Purchasing Cost of Evaporator


    a 17000
    b 13500
    n 0.6
    Aavg 58.97461479
    For single effect
    Ce a + bS^n 172859.341

    Purchasing cost for 2 effects = 2*Ce 345718.7

    Annual Cost Calculation

    P 345718.6824
    n 5
    i 0.1 10 %

    A 91199.71748
    Amount to be paid annually to repay the principal 91199.72

    Steam Cost Calculation

    Steam flow rate 0.4541 kg/s


    Steam cost 2 Rs/Kg
    Time of Running
    10Hr for 300Day/yr 10800000 sec
    Steam Cost Per Yr 9808560

    Electricity Cost Calculation


    Consumption/Day 40 KW/hr
    Electricity Rate 4.5 Rs/hr
    Total Electricity cost 540000 Rs
    Total fixed cost 91199.71748 Rs
    Total Operating cost 10348560 Rs
    Total Cost for running plant 10439759.7 Rs/year

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