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    Q2-W1 Quantum Model

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    渡辺正平
    All matter is composed of atoms. Atoms consist of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons. The nucleus is very small and dense at the center of the atom. Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus, neutrons have no charge, and electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus. Early atomic models proposed solid spheres or plum puddings of positive charge with electrons embedded, but quantum mechanics describes electron locations as probabilities within orbitals or electron clouds around the nucleus.

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    Q2-W1 Quantum Model

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    渡辺正平
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    All matter is composed of atoms. Atoms consist of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons. The nucleus is very small and dense at the center of the atom. Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus, neutrons have no charge, and electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus. Early atomic models proposed solid spheres or plum puddings of positive charge with electrons embedded, but quantum mechanics describes electron locations as probabilities within orbitals or electron clouds around the nucleus.

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    All matter is composed of atoms. Atoms consist of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons. The nucleus is very small and dense at the center of the atom. Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus, neutrons have no charge, and electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus. Early atomic models proposed solid spheres or plum puddings of positive charge with electrons embedded, but quantum mechanics describes electron locations as probabilities within orbitals or electron clouds around the nucleus.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    30 views22 pages

    Q2-W1 Quantum Model

    Uploaded by

    渡辺正平
    All matter is composed of atoms. Atoms consist of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons. The nucleus is very small and dense at the center of the atom. Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus, neutrons have no charge, and electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus. Early atomic models proposed solid spheres or plum puddings of positive charge with electrons embedded, but quantum mechanics describes electron locations as probabilities within orbitals or electron clouds around the nucleus.

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    What made up a

    matter?

    All matter is made up of tiny


    particles called atoms. Matter
    takes on different forms depending on how the atoms are
    arranged. We call these forms “states of matter”. On Earth,
    the most common states are solids, liquids, and gases.
    The atom is considered the
    basic building block of
    matter. Anything that has a
    mass—in other words,
    anything that occupies
    space—is composed of
    atoms.
    The atomic nucleus is the small,
    dense region consisting
    of protons and neutrons at the center
    of an atom.
     Protons are positively charged particles that
    help make up the atom
     Protons are locatedin the nucleus of the atom
    (along with neutrons)
     Protons are subatomic particles that make up an
    atom, they contain a positive charge and help
    make up the mass of the atom
    • A neutron is a neutrally charged subatomic particle
    that helps make up the nucleus of an atom
    • Neutrons have no charged unlike protons or electrons.
    • Neutrons are made up of quarks which are elementary
    particles that cannot be broken into smaller
    components
    • More specifically, neutrons are composed of 1 up quark
    and 2 down quarks
    • Electrons are negatively charged particles
    that help make up atoms.

    • Electrons are found outside the nucleus in


    orbitals.
    Electron
    First atomic model and was developed by
    John Dalton in 1808. He hypothesized that an
    atom is a solid sphere that could not be divided
    into smaller particles. He came up with his
    theory as a result of his research into gases. JOHN DALTON
    English Chemist
    The plum pudding model (also known as Thomson's
    plum pudding model) is a historical
    scientific model of the atom. The plum pudding
    model is defined by electrons surrounded by a volume
    of positive charge, like negatively-charged “plums”
    embedded in a positively-charged “pudding” (hence
    the name). Sir Joseph John Thomson
    British Physicist
    The electrons encircle the nucleus of
    the atom in specific allowable paths
    called orbits. When the electron is in one
    of these orbits, its energy is fixed.
    Sir Ernest Rutherford
    New Zealand Physicist
    In an atom, electrons (negatively charged)
    revolve around the positively charged
    nucleus in a definite circular path called
    orbits or shells. Each orbit or shell has a
    fixed energy and these circular orbits are
    known as orbital shells. Niels Henrik David Bohr
    Danish Physicist
    In an atom, electrons (negatively charged)
    revolve around the positively charged
    nucleus in a definite circular path called
    orbits or shells. Each orbit or shell has a
    fixed energy and these circular orbits are
    known as orbital shells. Erwin Schrödinger
    Austrian Physicist
    Formulated by the German physicist and Nobel
    laureate Werner Heisenberg in 1927, the
    uncertainty principle states that we cannot
    know both the position and speed of a particle,
    such as a photon or electron, with perfect
    accuracy; the more we nail down the particle's
    position, the less we know about its speed and
    vice versa.
    Werner Heisenberg
    German Theoretical Physicist
    this model suggests that it is impossible to
    know the exact position and momentum
    of an electron at the same time which is
    also known as the Uncertainty Principle.
    The quantum mechanical model of an
    atom uses complex shapes of orbitals
    (some called electron clouds / cloud of
    negative charges)
    In the Quantum
    Mechanical Model, the
    darker the area, the
    greater is the probability
    of finding an electron in
    the area.

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