Senior High School

NOT

Earth Science
Quarter 2 - Module 10:
The Structure and Evolution of Ocean
Basins

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Earth Science- Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 - Module 10: The Structure and Evolution of Ocean Basins
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro

Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, CESO V

Development Team of the Module

Author: Ritche Razel M. Celestial, PhD,
Reviewers: Jean S. Macasero,Ph.D EPS, Evelyn Q. Sumanda,
Cely B. Labadan, PhD
Illustrators and Layout Artist: Georgen Diane Broces, Kyla Mae L. Duliano
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Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director
Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr. CESO V
Asst. Regional Director
Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, PhD, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent
Alicia E. Anghay, PhD, CESE
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CLMD
Members Neil A. Improgo, EPS-LRMS
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 Senior
Senior High
High School
School

Earth Science
Quarter 2 - Module 10:
The Structure and Evolution of Ocean
Basins

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We
encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback,
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We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

This page is intentionally blank
 Table of Contents

What This Module is About............................................................................................ I

What I Need to Know ..................................................................................................... I
How to Learn from this Module .................................................................................... II
Icons of this Module ...................................................................................................... II

What I Know.................................................................................................................. III

Lesson 1:
The Structures of Ocean Basins ............................................................................ 1
What I Need to Know ........................................................................ 1
What’s In……………………………………………………………………1
What’s New: Learning Activity 1: Matching Type .............................. 2
What Is It: The Structure of Ocean Basins ........................................ 3
What’s More: Developing Mastery 1: Ocean Basin Look Alike.......... 5
What Is It ........................................................................................... 5
What’s More: Developing Mastery 2:
How is the ocean basin define............................................................ 6
What’s New: Learning Activity 2: How deep is the ocean basin? …. 6
What I Have Learned (Synthesizing your Learning) ......................... 7
What I Can Do: Performance Task 1: Inquiry-Based Learning.......... 7

Lesson 2:
The Evolution of Ocean Basins............................................................................... 10
What’s In ........................................................................................... 10
What I Need to Know ........................................................................ 10
What’s New: Learning Activity 3: Comparing Ocean Basin and
Continents Boundaries ................................................................... . 10
What Is It: The Evolution of Ocean Basins…………………………… 11
What’s More: Developing Mastery 3:
Locate Ocean Basins and Continents ............................................ 11
What I Have Learned (Synthesizing your Learning)………………… 13
What I Can Do: Performance Task 2: Visual Analysis:
Age of Earth’s Oceanic Crust .......................................................... 13

Summary………………………………………………………………………………….15
Assessment: (Post-Test) ……………………………………………………………….16
Key to Answers .................................................................................................... 18
References ........................................................................................................... 19
This page is intentionally blank
What This Module is About

The Earth’s dynamic and ever-changing state provide us scenario that Earth
undergo constant change. These changes caused by either slow or fast processes
that allow the formation of Earth’s structure beneath or on the surface. Such wind,
water, and ice erode can shape the land. Geologic processes like volcanic activity and
earthquakes alter the landscape in a dramatic and somehow in violent manner. As
geologic time spans, the movement of earth’s plates slowly reconfigures oceans and
continents.

Earth’s surface makes up about 70 percent water and with 96.5 percent holds
ocean. With these information, this module is designed for Senior High School learners
to explore the concepts of how these Earth’s feature contributes to understanding on
Earth’s processes that create the structure and formation of the ocean basins. As
cited by Dr.Gillaspy, with a lot of new structures being created and shaped, then ocean
basins are active. Moreover, the active basins undergo change mainly in the areas
where tectonic activities take place. But if where their surface is slow to change and
does little more than collect sediment so they can be inactive. The Gulf of Mexico is
an example of an inactive ocean basin where the main change that happens is the
slow depositing of sand and sediment.

Along this module, there are several standard symbols or icons used as you
go about in the completion of this module. Each icon gives instruction to guide you as
you continuously endeavour for this new normal of learning modality. Together, let us
explore this module as we learn the concept of ocean basins, structure, and formation.
Provision of basic concepts with figures, pictures, and varied activities will surely help
the 21st century learners to be more explorative and critical thinkers.

The following are the lessons contained in this module:

1. Structure of Ocean Basins;
2. Evolution of Ocean Basins.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to describe the structure and
evolution of ocean basins (S11/12ES-IIf-33).

I
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises
diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that

Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand, meant
specifically to gauge prior related knowledge.

What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that

of the current one.

An introduction of the new lesson through

What’s New various activities before it will be presented
to you.

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and understanding
of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are intended for
you to practice further in order to master the
competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you have

Learned learned from the lesson.

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to showcase

your skills and knowledge gained, and applied
into real-life concerns and situations.

II
 What I Know

Pre-Test: MULTIPLE CHOICE:

Directions: Read and understand each item and choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. About how many percent of the planet’s surface is made up of ocean basins?
A. 60 % C. 75 %
B. 70 % D. 80 %

2. Which of the following tool is the most convenient and portable way to represent
the surface of the earth?
A. globe C. piece of paper
B. map D. all of the choices

3. What theory that explains the dynamics of the earth’s surface which resulted to the
interaction of the overlying rigid plates with the underlying mantle?
A. Earth movements C. Tectonic activity
B. Plate tectonics D. all of the choices

4. What do you call to the regions that are below sea level?
A. crustal plates C. sonar
B. ocean basins D. none of the choices

5. It is an instrument that accurately determines the tie between the emissions of a

strong acoustic pulse, and the detection of its echo.
A. Echo sounder C. Side-scan sonar
B. Satellites D. Sonar

6. Which of the following is/are result/s in the creation of many ocean basins
features?
A. earthquakes C. volcanism
B. mountain formation D. all of the choices

7. A small elevated landform that rises from the great depths of the ocean
is called ________.
A. Abyssal hill C. Ocean trenches
B. Guyot D. Seamount

8. Which of the following ocean basin feature described as long- narrow, steep-sided
depressions found on the ocean floor?
A. Abyssal hill C. Ocean trenches
B. Guyot D. Seamount

9. What do you call to the deepest part of the ocean floor?

A. In submarine canyons C. In oceanic trenches
B. In the abyssal plains D. In rift valleys

III
10. What feature which is similar to a seamount, but it is a submerged volcanic
mountain with a flat top?
A. Abyssal hill C. Ocean floor
B. Guyot D. Seamount

11. An ‘abyss’ is something that is very ___________.

A. deep B. far C. long D. narrow

12. Which of the following feature described as the continuous mountain chains
located under the surface of the sea?
A. Abyssal plain C. Oceanic ridges
B. Mountain ranges D. Oceanic trenches

13. Which among of the major ocean basins has the simplest pattern of ocean-floor
ages?
A. Arctic ocean C. Indian ocean
B. Atlantic ocean D. Pacific Ocean

14. Which of the following major ocean basin occupies about one-third of Earth's
Surface?
A. Arctic ocean C. Indian ocean
B. Atlantic ocean D. Pacific Ocean

15. How are oceanic basins formed?

A. When there was an increase in available water, or a fall of landmass.
B. Due to seafloor spreading and the movement of tectonic plates.
C. When water has covered a large portion of the Earth’s crust.
D. All of the choices

IV
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 Lesson The Structure of
1 Ocean Basins

What I Need to Know

The surface layer of Earth consists of a number of rigid plates that are in
continual motion. These geologic processes that occur on the surface of the Earth are
weathering, erosion, mass wasting, and sedimentation. In these processes, the role
of ocean basins in the formation of sedimentary rocks are included.
The ocean basins are transient features over geologic time, changing shape
and depth while the process of plate tectonics occurs. Thus, in this lesson, you are
expected to describe the structure of ocean basins.
But before we go further, have you accomplished the pretest? Do not worry with
your score. This activity tells your preparedness about the lessons in this module.

What’s In

In the previous lesson, we talk about seafloor spreading as the

continuous process of forming new igneous rock at mid-ocean ridges. This formation
was due to the injection of magma that forms new seafloor. As it continuously
processes because of forces, the opposite sides of the mid-ocean ridge will constantly
move apart, making new room for the process to repeat. Ever-widening of the seafloor
at the expense of area lost elsewhere on the planet. Seafloor spreading is one of the
tectonics activity processes that occur along mid-ocean ridges rising from the ocean
floor. This activity will result in the creation of many ocean basins features.

The planet’s surface is made up of about 70 % of ocean basins, which are the
regions that are below sea level. These areas hold the majority of the planet’s water.
Thus, an ocean basin can be thought of a large bowl that holds ocean water.
Oceanic basin landforms have two main characteristics namely: Land that
exists under an ocean and includes all topographical features. These topographical
features include the continental shelf, abyssal plain, mid-ocean ridge, and other
formations that may exist on the seafloor. These features on the ocean basin are
obtained by using different technologies such as echo sounder, side-scan sonar, and
satellites. Usually, sonar is used to determine accurately the time between the
emission of a strong acoustic pulse, and the detection of its echo. The measurement
of ocean depths and the charting of the shape or topography of the ocean floor can be
measured which is called a bathymetry. The next page is an image (figure 1) showing
the structure and geology of the ocean floor.
1
 Figure 1: Geology of the Ocean Floor

What’s New

Before we discuss the structure and geology of the ocean basin, try to answer
the given activity. Refer to figure 1(Geology of the Ocean Floor) for your answer.
Learning Activity 1: Matching Type.
Directions: Match column A with the correct answer on column B, write only the
letter of answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Column A Column B

C 1. A small elevated landform that rises A. Seamount

from the great depths of the ocean B. Ocean floor
A 2. A large submerged volcanic mountain C. Abyssal hill
rising from the ocean floor D. Guyot (gee·yow)
D 3. A submerged volcanic mountain with E. Ocean trenches
a flat top F. Continental rise
B 4. Found at the base of the continental G. Continental slope
rise in water H. Continental shelf
E 5. Long narrow, steep-sided I. Mid-Ocean ridges
depressions found on the ocean floor J. Magma
F 6. Formed by emerging accumulated
deposits at the mounts of many
submarine canyons
H 7. A shallow, gently sloping part of the
continental crust
G 8. A feature that extends from the
continental shelf
J 9. Hot molten rocks
I 10. A seafloor mountain system formed
by plate tectonics.
You may review your answer based on the figure about the geology of the
ocean floor. Refer your answers to the given answer key. How’s your score? Not too
bad? Do not worry because on the next pages, there are discussions of the activities
as a way to deepen your discovery and understanding of the concept.
2
 What Is It

The ocean floor is verbatim referring to the floor of the ocean. If you happen to
dive into the bottom of the ocean then you have gone to the floor of the ocean.
However, special diving equipment requires since the water pressure is very high
farther down you go. Using the principle of sound reflection, scientists can determine
the depth of the ocean.
Ocean basins are areas found under the sea. These areas can be relatively
inactive areas where deposits of sediment slowly collect, or active areas where
tectonic plates meet. The ocean floors contain features that you might recognize as
being similar to some structures on land. Go back to Figure 1 (Geology of the Ocean
Floor). The ocean floor is primarily composed of basalt and gabbro. These are dark-
colored igneous rocks with the same composition, and density (~2.9 g/cm3). However,
these rocks are formed in different environments. When the magma erupts onto the
ocean floor, basalt will form. Meanwhile, gabbro crystallizes from magma that cools
within the oceanic crust.

Your understanding will be deepened as you go further with this module. You
will explore the ocean basin structures or features such as oceanic ridges, trenches,
abyssal hill/plane, seamount, guyot, continental rise, continental shelf, and continental
slope. You will also learn how ocean basins formed and evolved.
The Structures of Ocean Basins
1. Mid-oceanic Ridge. This feature constitutes 23 % of the Earth’ surface. It is
normally found rising above the ocean floor at the center of the ocean basins. Some
volcanic islands are part of the mid-ocean ridge system like Iceland.

Figure 2: Mid-Oceanic Ridges in Iceland

2. Ocean Trenches. They are long narrow, steep-sided depressions that contain
the greatest depths in the ocean.
3. Abyssal Hill/Plain. As shown in figures 3, this another raised feature found within
ocean basins. Remember that an ‘abyss’ is something that is very deep. Therefore,
an abyssal hill is found on the deep ocean floor, meanwhile, abyssal plains are so flat
because they are covered with sediments that have been washed off the surface of
the continents for thousands of years.

3
 Figure 3: Ocean Basin Features
4. Seamounts. These feature can be very large submerged volcanic mountain
reaching heights up to 10,000 feet as shown in figure 3. However, they remain
submerged under the surface of the water.
5. Guyot. It is similar to a seamount, but it is submerged volcanic mountain with a
flat top. Guyot’s structure is due to erosive processes caused by waves after years
(refer to figure 3).
6. Continental Rise. This feature found gently sloping area before the ocean floor
and at the base of the continental slope and formed by emerging accumulate deposits
at the mounts of many submarine canyons.
7. Continental Shelf. As shown closely in figure 4, a continental shelf is a shallow,
gently sloping part of the continent crust.
8. Continental Slope. This part of the ocean basin extends and slopes after the
continental shelf. The boundary between the continental slope and shelf is called
continental shelf break.

Figure 4: Other Features of Ocean Basins

4
 What’s More

In order for you to develop mastery of the competency of this lesson, perform
the activity as required.

Developing Mastery 1: Ocean Basin Look Alike

What to Do?
In a sheet of bond paper, draw a look alike ocean basin as your own
model of its structures and features. Label the significant parts and structures.
You may use coloring materials such as crayons to make your illustration more
colorful and realistic.

What Is It

Now, how’s your own look alike ocean basin with its structures and features?
To deepen your understanding, answer the following questions:

Q1. What are the features of ocean basin? Describe each.

Q2. What are common to all features of ocean basin’s structure?

Ocean basins are divided into three major provinces such as continental
margins, deep-ocean basins, and oceanic or mid-ocean ridges. Each having unique
physical and geologic characteristics. The major physiographic features that occur
beneath the oceans from the world's coastlines to the deep expanse of the ocean
basins. However, despite being the 21st century, there are ocean basin remain mostly
unexplored. Remember, 70 % of the Earth’s surface covers water. The difficulty of
exploring the deep, dark expanse of the world’s oceans able the world’s scientific
community to collaborate to gather and provide information about the nature and origin
of ocean basin features.

5
 What’s More
Let us try the activity below to extend your learning.
Developing Mastery 2: How is the ocean basin defined?
What to Do?
Fill in the blanks with word/s to complete the information. Write your answer on
separate answer sheet.
An ocean basin is a massive depressed zone filled with ocean __ (1) ____.
About
__ (2) ___% of the Earth’s surface holds ocean basins. The physical and major
features that are found in the ocean basins are ____ (3) ______, ____(4)_____,
____(5)_____, _____(6)_____, ____(7)____, and ____(8)______.

The _____ (9) _________is the most prominent feature on Earth’s surface and
are found in every _____ (10) _________ and seem to girdle Earth. Moreover, ocean
basins can be divided into three major provinces such as _____ (11) ________. ___
(12) ________, and ____ (13) _____.

Commonly, what are found on the ocean basin’s features were the results of
the so called geologic ____ (14) _______. These natural occurrences are part of the
Earth’s processes and continuously ___ (15) ________ due to Earth’s dynamic
features.

What’s New

Majority of water on the planet have an average depth of almost 4 km (about

2.5 miles). The possibility of mapping the ocean floors is by the used of the charts.
Specifically, the bathymetry is the measure of depth of water in oceans, seas, lakes,
and rivers. The data or charts are equivalent of topographic maps on land. Now, let’s
do the activity below:

Learning Activity 2: How deep is the ocean basin?

Directions: With the use of your imagination, illustrate the deepness of the ocean floor
considering its major physical features then write a short caption of it. Answer also the
questions to complete the task. Rubric is provided to evaluate your output or the
illustration.

Q1: What are the possible challenges or difficulties in mapping the ocean floor?

Q2: How does technology facilitate the mapping and obtaining relevant
information of the depth of water in oceans, seas, lakes, and rivers?

6
 What I Have Learned
To process what you have learned from Lesson 1, answer the following
questions. Be brief but concise.

1. Describe each major physical features of ocean basins.

2. Do you think that all ocean basins have the same physical features?
Why or why not?

3. Despite of vast information and technological advancement, why is it

that mapping the ocean floor is quite difficult?

What I Can Do

This part of the module is designed to show-case your skills and knowledge
gained, and applied into real-life concerns and situation. To do this, a performance
task is assigned to you as learner.
Lesson 1: Performance Task 1: Inquiry- Based Learning

Purpose: This task is aimed to let you explore the challenges of scientists (e.g.
geologists) in mapping the ocean basins and how the Earth’s processes affect the
structure of ocean basins.
Materials Needed:
 Articles/ report from the internet or magazines/ journals
 Short bond paper
 Ballpen

Procedure:
1. Look for an article or report about exploration of ocean basins. You
may do research from the website using journals, report, or any relevant
documents. Take note of your reference/source.

2. Have a soft copy of the article for you and your teacher’s reference.

3. Read and comprehend the article for you inquiry-based learning.

4. Write a brief but concise summary of the article in a piece of paper (or
as prescribed by your teacher). Kindly focus on the information about
ocean basins, technology application or any method used, and the
challenges along the discovery or exploration.

5. A rubric (criteria for rating) is provided for you to be guided in writing

your summary. See the attached rubric below.

7
 Rubrics 1 : for Essay/ Writing Activity

Criteria & Descriptiv Unsatisfacto Needs Satisfacto Outstanding

Percentage e Rating ry Improvement ry RATIN
score 1 2 3 4 G
(Score
x %)

- Content is - Content is - Content - Content is

Content & incomplete. not is comprehensi
Developme - Major points comprehensiv accurate. ve and
nt are not clear. e, - Major accurate.
-Specific -Major points points are - Major points
(70 %) examples are are stated. are stated
not used. addressed, - clearly and
but not well Response are well
supported. s are supported.
- Responses adequate - Responses
are and are excellent,
inadequate or address timely and
do not topic. address
address topic. - Content topic.
-Specific is clear. - Content is
examples do -Specific clear.
not support examples -Specific
topic. are used. examples are
used.

- - Structure of - Structure -Structure of

Organization the paper is is mostly the paper is
and structure not easy to clear and clear and
detract from follow. easy to easy to
Organizatio the message. - Transitions follow. follow.
n& - Writing is need - - Transitions
Structure disjointed and improvement. Transition are logical
lacks - Conclusion s are and maintain
(15 %) transition of is missing, or present. the flow of
thoughts. if provided, - thought
does not flow Conclusio throughout
from the body n is the paper.
of the paper. logical. - Conclusion
is logical and
flows from
the body of
the paper.
Grammar,
Punctuatio - Paper - Paper - Rules of - Rules of
n& contains contains few grammar, grammar,
Spelling numerous grammatical, usage, usage, and
grammatical, punctuation and punctuation
(15 %) punctuation, and spelling punctuatio are followed;
and spelling errors. n are spelling is
errors. followed correct.
with minor
errors.
Spelling is
correct.
TOTAL RATING

8
 Rubric 2: Imaginary Illustration
Criteria Fair Good Very Good
3 pts 4 pts 5 pts

Idea/ Picks passage Picks appropriate idea to Picks

Content from the text that is base the illustration, and appropriate
not easily the thought and originality selection from
represented by could be better. the text that
illustration, and the displays
idea has not been understanding of
well thought out. imagery to base
the illustration
Organization Shows somewhat Shows organized Shows extremely
organized structure of information of organized
structure of less the concept with effort to structure of
information of the meet expectation information of the
concept with fair concept beyond
effort to meet the expectation
expectation.

Output Creates an artistic Creates an artistic Creates an

representation that representation that has artistic
has little or no some connections to their representation
application to the scene and imagery. that clearly
scene and Shows great effort to displays
imagery. meet the expectation. connections to
Shows fair effort to imagery and their
meet the scene from the
expectation text.
Shows
exceptional effort
beyond
expectations.
 9

Lesson The Evolution of

2 Ocean Basins

What’s In

In lesson 1 of this module, we explore the major physical features of ocean

basins. Each feature varies its characteristics including deepness. Ocean basins are
depressed area containing a thick stratigraphic succession derived from the continents
and intrabasinal sources. Now, how do these features formed? How ocean basins
evolved in the midst of vast Earth’s processes and features?

As part of transitory features over geologic time, the ocean basins change in
shape and depth during tectonic movements. Probably, extending back 2 billion years,
the ocean basins have both grown and been consumed as plate tectonic continued on
Earth. Hence, the Earth’s surface layer consists of rigid plates that are in continual
motion which is the lithosphere.

What I Need to Know

Earth’s processes may change and create structures which somehow add to
Earth’s geologic history. The exogenic and endogenic processes on Earth may lead
to varied formation of major ocean basins on the surface of the Earth. There are factors
affecting ocean basins formation and evolution. Usually, Earth’s forces and energy
contribute to constant motion thus producing different ocean floor. With the Earth’s
composition and dynamism, oceanic surface continue to evolve. Thus, in this lesson,
you are expected to describe the evolution of ocean basins.

What’s New
 Before we discuss the formation or evolution of ocean basins, kindly answer
the Lesson 2: Learning activity 1 of this module.
Learning Activity 3: Comparing Ocean Basin and Continents Boundaries
Directions: Write at least 5 information such as description or any physical features
of ocean basin and continent boundaries on the separate sheet of paper as shown
below.
Ocean Basin Boundaries Continent Boundaries
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.

10
What Is It

The Evolution of Ocean Basins

All the ocean basins were formed as the results of tectonic forces like from
volcanic rock that was released from fissures located at the mid-oceanic ridges. The
oldest rocks found in the ocean basin are approximately 200 million years ago.
However, the oceanic crust is much younger than most continental crust. The reason
for this difference is that tectonic processes destroy old oceanic rocks. When oceanic
crust is subducted, the oceanic rock is returned to the Earth’s mantle. Many of these
subduction zones occur at the continental margins where the oceanic crust meets
continental crust. Subduction also creates the oceans’ deep trenches. In general, plate
tectonics is a theory that configures the evolution of the ocean basins. This theory
explains the dynamics of the earth’s surface which resulted to the interaction of the
overlying rigid plates with the underlying mantle.
There are five ocean basins from largest to the smallest are: the Pacific,
Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic. The largest and deepest ocean on earth is the
Pacific Ocean. It covers 63,800,000 square miles (165,200,000 square km), a third of
the Earth's surface. Among the major ocean basins, Atlantic Ocean has the simplest
pattern of ocean-floor ages.
To explore more on the formation of the ocean basins, you may refer to a simple
Wilson Cycle- The Opening and Closing of An Ocean Basin. You may refer to this
website: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_q3sAcuzIY.

Ocean Basin and Continent Boundaries

Both the continental and oceanic crusts lie over a more uniform layer called
mantle. However, in terms of location and thickness, ocean basins lie much lower than
sea level, more dense, and thin. Meanwhile, the continents stand high above sea level,
light, and thick. As an analogy, think of thick piece of styrofoam and piece of wood.
Allow the two to float in a tub of water. Which do you think rises higher out of the
water? Which represents oceanic crust? How about the continental boundaries or
crust?

What’s More
 In order for you to develop mastery of the competency of this lesson,
perform the following activity.
Developing Mastery 3: Locate Ocean Basins and Continents
What to Do? Locate and label the ocean basins and continents
on a world map.
Materials Needed:
 Fig. 5 Pseudocylindrical Map Projection of the Earth
 Pencil
 Crayons or colored
 Globe or map of the earth
11
Procedure:

1. Use a pencil and pseudocylindrical map (figure 5) to locate and

label the major ocean basins and continents.

2. For your reference, you may read more about different

characteristics of the major ocean basins and boundaries.

3. Use also a globe or map of the earth if needed to check your

answers.

4. With your crayons, color-code your answered map with legend

to the map indicating how you used each color.

Activity Questions:

1. How did you locate and label your pseudocyclindrical map?

2. What did you observe on the general shape of each ocean basin?
Describe and tell something.
 Figure 5: Pseudocyclindrical Map Projection of the Earth. The Land on this map is
green even if it is covered by ice. This map does not show sea ice.

12
What I Have Learned
To synthesize your learning, answer the following questions in brief but
concise. Use separate answer sheet.

1. Describe five major ocean basins.

2. Did you notice that the world ocean has traditionally been divided into
ocean basins? Is dividing up the ocean this way is beneficial? Why or
why not?

What I Can Do

This part of the module is designed to show-case your skills and knowledge
gained, and applied into real-life concerns and situation. To do this, a performance
task entitled Visual Analysis: Age of Earth’s Oceanic Crust is assigned to you. You
can do the task at home and submit during the physical meet up with your teacher.
Lesson 2: Performance Task 2: Visual Analysis: Age of Earth’s Oceanic
Crust
Materials Needed:
Figure on the Age of Earth’s Oceanic Crust
Short bond paper
Ballpen
KEY POINTS:
At spreading rates of about 15 cm (6 inches) per year, the entire
crust beneath the Pacific Ocean (about 15,000 km [9,300 miles] wide)
could be produced in 100 million years. The pattern of seafloor spreading
can be presented by the age of Earth's oceanic crust at the global scale.
The different colors of the figure correspond to the age of the oceanic
crust.
Procedure:
1. Study the figure below that shows the Age of Earth’s Oceanic
Crust

Figure 6: The Age of Earth’s Oceanic Crust

13

2. Based on the visual presentation above, answer the following

questions:

Q1. Describe the evolution of the oceans basins through plate

movement.

Q2. What can you tell about ages of the ocean basins?

Q3. Is there a possibility that all the major ocean basin will merge
as one? Why or why not?

Note: Rubric no. 1 shall be utilized to assess you with this performance task.
 14

Summary
1. Ocean basins are areas found and lie below sea level.

2. An ocean basin can be thought of as large bowl that holds about 70 %

of water on Earth’s surface.

3. Tectonic activities result in the creation of many ocean basins.

4. Technologies such as echo sounder and satellites can determine the

depth of the ocean.

5. Mid-oceanic ridge is found rising above the ocean floor and at the
center of the ocean basin.

6. Abyssal hill/plane is a small elevated landforms from the ocean floor.

7. Seamount is a large submerged volcanic mountain.

8. Guyot is a submerged volcanic mountain with a flat top.

 9. Ocean trenches are long narrow and steep-sided depressions at the
ocean floor.

10. Ocean floor accounts for nearly 30 % of the Earth’s surface found at the
base of the continental rise.

11. Continental rise is formed by emerging accumulated deposits.

12. Continental shelf has a shallow and gentle slope as part of the
continental crust.

13. Continental slope extends from the continental shelf.

14. Tectonic forces and processes are factors in the formation and
evolution of ocean basins.

15. Subduction also creates the ocean’s deep trenches.

16. Ocean basins lie much lower than sea level, more dense, and thin .

17. Continents stand high above sea level, light, and thick.

15
Assessment: (Post -Test)
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE:
Directions: Read and understand each item and choose the letter of the correct
Answer. Use a separate answer sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following that explains the theory of plate tectonics?

A. The origin of mountains and ocean basins and the shapes of the continents
on Earth.
B. Why the planet’s gravitational pull varies slightly from place to place on Earth
C. How Earth and other objects in the Solar System formed
D. Why Earth’s magnetic field changes over time

2. What is the largest ocean on earth?

A. Arctic ocean C. Indian ocean
B. Atlantic ocean D. Pacific Ocean

3. What are the deepest parts of the ocean?

A. In ocean sinkholes. C. The middle of the ocean basins.
B. Near the continents. D. In trenches formed by subduction zones.
4. Which of the following geological record that shows the continents rift apart to form
ocean basins, other oceans must close?
A. Oceanic formation C. Pseudocylindrical Map
B. Plate tectonics D. Wilson Cycle

5. Suppose a large portion of the island of Hawaii catastrophically slides into the
Pacific Ocean. What would be the long-term effect on the remaining island?
A. The tourist industry would be devastated.
B. A new volcano would begin to grow.
C. It would begin to sink.
D. It would begin to rise.

6. How does an ocean basin form?

A. When there was an increase in available water, or a fall of landmass.
B. Due to seafloor spreading and the movement of tectonic plates.
C. When water has covered a large portion of the Earth’s crust.
D. All of the choices

7. Why is it that the Pacific Ocean basin has the most clay?
A. It has the most glacial ice
B. It is the shallowest.
C. It is the deepest.
D. It is the warmest.

8. How old are the oldest oceanic crustal basalts?

A. about 20 million years old C. about 570 million years old
B. about 200 million years old D. about 4.0 billion years old

16

9. What major ocean basin that lies between South America and Africa in the south
and North America and Europe in the north?
A. Arctic ocean C. Indian ocean
B. Atlantic ocean D. Pacific Ocean

10. What do you call to the measurement and charting of depth and shape of water in
oceans, seas, or lakes?
A. Altimetry B. Bathymetry C. Oceanography D. Sonimetry

II. ESSAY:
Directions: Answer briefly but concisely the following questions. Write your answer
on the provided sheet. Rubrics will be used in giving you points as shown on the next
page.

1. Explain the effects of any tectonic processes that occur on the earth’s surface.

2. What forms oceanic basins?

3. Which ocean basin has the most trenches? Why?

 17

Key to Answers
Pre-Test: Post-Test:
1. B Part I
2. B 1. A
3. B 2-5. D
4. B 6. C
5. D 7-10. B
6. D Part II: Possible Answer
7. A 1. The effects of any tectonic processes that occur on the earth’s
8. C surface are the formation mountain building, volcanoes, ocean basins
9. C and even earthquakes. This is due to convection currents cause the
10. B magma to rise and fall, therefore, moving the Earth's plates in different
11. A directions. When plates spread apart or diverge, magma rises up from
12. C the mantle and fills the gap, creating new crust.
13. B 2. An ocean basin is formed when water has covered a large portion
14. D of the Earth's crust. In the distant past, this may have happened when
15. D there was an increase in available water, or a fall of landmass.
 Lesson 1: 3. Pacific Ocean has the most trenches. The deepest ocean trenches
Learning ring the Pacific as part of the so-called “Ring of Fire”. With this feature,
Activity 1: most of the active volcanoes and earthquake zones laid on this basin.
Matching Type Thus, tectonic activity and the movement of the Earth's lithosphere take
1. C place resulting to more trenches.
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. E
6. F
7. H
8. G
9. J
10. I
Lesson 2: Developing Mastery 2
1. water
2. 70
3. ridges/ocean ridges
4. fracture zones
5. deep-sea trenches/trenches
6. seamount
7. abyssal hill/plane
8. guyot
9. world ocean
10. water
11. continental margins
12. deep ocean basins
13. mid-oceanic ridges
14. processes
15. span Note: Nos. 2-8 and Nos. 11-13- answers can be
interchanged or not in order

18
References
DepEd Cagayan de Oro City Division. "Senior High School - Google Drive." Bitly |
Custom URL Shortener, Link Management & Branded Links. Accessed
May 29, 2020. https://bit.ly/3dF9Kdb.

Gillaspy, Rebecca. "Ocean Basins: Definition, Formation, Features & Types."

Study.com. Accessed May 29, 2020. https://study.com/academy/lesson/ocean-
basins-definition-formation-features-types.html.

"Locate Ocean Basins and Continents." University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa | Make Mānoa
Yours. Accessed May 29, 2020.
https://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/physical/world-ocean/ocean-basins-
and-continents.

Luyendyk, Bruce Peter. "Evolution of the Ocean Basins through Plate Movements."
Encyclopedia Britannica. Accessed May 29, 2020.
https://www.britannica.com/science/ocean-basin/Evolution-of-the-ocean-basins-
through-plate-movements.
Manoa.hawaii.edu/ExploringOurFluidEarth." University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa | Make
Mānoa Yours. Accessed May 29, 2020.
https://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/physical/world-ocean/ocean-basins-
and-continents.

mitartemis. "Wilson Cycle." YouTube. Accessed June 2, 2020.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_q3sAcuzIY.

"Ocean Floor Features." Reddit. Accessed June 3, 2020.

https://www.reddit.com/r/geography.

Prentice Hall, Inc. "Visualizing Geology: Passive continental margin diagram."

Accessed June 3, 2020.
https://wps.pearsoned.ca/ca_ph_tarbuck_IPG_2/108/27836/7126174.cw/content/ind
ex.html
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Evolution of the Ocean Basins through
Plate Movements." Encyclopedia Britannica. Accessed May 29, 2020.
https://www.britannica.com/science/ocean-basin/Evolution-of-the-ocean-basins-
through-plate-movements.

"The Mid-Atlantic Ridge in Iceland." Amusing Planet. Last modified November 26,
2018.https://www.amusingplanet.com/2014/09/the-mid-atlantic-ridge-in-iceland.html.

"The Ocean Basins/ PDF." Access Training Materials – Cengage. Accessed

May 29, 2020.https://www.delmarlearning.com/companions/content/1418065978/stu
dent_resources/Oceans/ddoe_unit1.pdf.

19

Wright, John. "The Ocean Basins: Their Structure and Evolution." ScienceDirect.com
| Science, Health and Medical Journals, Full Text Articles and Books. Accessed
May 29, 2020. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780750639835/the-ocean-
basins-their-structure-and-evolution.
20
For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

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DepEd Division of Cagayan de Oro City

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Telefax: ((08822)855-0048
E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph