Tricycle Fare Affects the Weekly Budget Allowance of the Senior High

School Learners of Benthel Asia School of Technology, Inc.

____________________________________________
A Partial Research Proposal
Presented to

Ms. Anne Francis A. Abancio

____________________________________________
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for

Practical Research 2
____________________________________________

By:

Cherry Lou, Ballar

Lilith, Espra

Jansean, Libera

Jalesy, Logrono

Jupearl Ian, Roma

Xenia, Vilvestre

October 2022
 CHAPTER I

Background and Its Scope

Rationale

Money has a big impact on the everyday life of every person. It also plays

a big role in every student. It is something that is generally accepted as a

medium of exchange, a measure of value, or a means of payment. Students

should learn how to manage their finances at a young age. Every student has

to understand the value of spending and budgeting so that they won't need to

rely on their parents' money in the near future. They need to know how to

manage their money and how they will spend it during the entire school year.

“An allowance is not an entitlement or a salary. It is a tool

for teaching children how to manage money.” (Godfrey, 2013) Typically, a

student's allowance is granted every Monday for the entire week; occasionally,

an allowance is given every month or even every day. Teenagers who attend

school daily receive an allowance, which they can use to pay for their

necessities and wants. The process of spending, saving, and investing each

student's money is a sign of good money management skills.

A fare is the fee a passenger of a public transportation system must pay.

The system of fare structures is designed to establish how much each individual

transport user must pay at any particular moment. Since they are a significant

source of revenue for operators, fares are essential to the running of public

transportation. In general, patronage will decline if prices are raised. The

demand curve's representation of the functional connection between fares and

patronage determines whether revenue grows or falls as a result of a rate

increase. Furthermore, tricycles are a crucial element of our society's

transportation system since they run on gasoline. However, because the

Philippines lacks domestic gasoline, the country imports fuel from other

countries. In exchange, tricycle drivers and operators are attempting to raise

their rates and shift the burden of care to the riders.

The public's request to reduce the rate was heard by local councilors,

who stood as our partners in listening to our grievances through Councilor Jun

Alforque, chairman of the Committee on Transportation. According to the new

tricycle fee structure, the first three kilometers will cost P13.00, and P2.00 will

be paid for each additional 1.5 kilometers. Chan urged tricycle drivers to go to

the City Legal office to get a copy of the updated fare schedule in light of this.

He continued by saying that many commuters will benefit from this and save

money over the existing rate.

Chan also encouraged the tricycle drivers to adhere to the discounts for

students, old citizens, and people with disabilities (PWDs). If you encounter

tricycle drivers who will not follow those discounts, please report these to the

office. The mayor said that he had already instructed the City Traffic

Management System (CTMS) to monitor those tricycle drivers that would not

post a copy of the new fare rates in their units. Therefore, notify the appropriate

office if you come across tricycle drivers who refuse to adhere to such

discounts. The mayor declared that he had already given the City Traffic

Management System (CTMS) instructions to keep an eye on any tricycle drivers

who refused to publish a copy of the revised fare rates in their vehicles.
Statement of the Problem

This research will focus on how tricycle fare affects the weekly budget

allowance of the senior high school learners of Benthel Asia School of

Technology, Inc.

Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 age;

1.2 gender;

1.3 strand and grade level?

2. Determine the correlation of the weekly budget allowance of the learners to

the tricycle fare in terms of:

2.1 How much do students pay for the tricycle fare;

2.2 How do the respondents manage their allowance?

2.3 How long does your commute take?

3. What is the typical tricycle fare paid to all of the learners, based on the

number of kilometers?
Theoretical Framework

The study is anchored from the theoretical support of the six

different forms of transportation cost differences which have been proposed in

the literature by Grey, Nash and Lovelock (1998); (1) distanced based, fares

are charged according to the distance traveled; (2) time based, fares are

different between peak and off-peak periods; (3) quality based, fares are related

to the passenger perceived value, e. g. local and express transit service; (4)

cost based, fares are set to reflect operating cost; (5) route or area based, fares

are differentiated by different routes or areas; and (6) patron based, fares are

related to patrons’ relative ability to pay, e.g. concession fares for students and

pensioners.

The theoretical underpinning of this study is Simon Galpirte wherein

his theory “A Theory of Personal Budgeting,” shows the relationship between

budgeting and self-control problems in terms of expenditures. It demonstrates

how the usage of good-specific budgets is dependent on a balance between

the need for commitment and the need for flexibility brought on by uncertainty

around within one period of trade-offs between goods. This theory is supported

by a number of empirical findings and can be used to market personal

budgeting tools.
 Conceptual Framework

Tricycle
Tricycle Fare
Fare Affects
Affects the
the Weekly
Weekly budget
Budget
allowance of the Senior High School Learners
Allowance of the Senior High School
in Benthel
LearnersAsia
in School
BenthelofAsia
Technology
School ofInc.
Technology, Inc.

Tricycle Fare Weekly Budget Allowance

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 presents the conceptual framework of the study. It consists of

two variables. Tricycle fare as an independent variable and weekly budget

allowance as an dependent variable.

Assumptions

The researchers made the assumption that based on this study the

Tricycle fare prices affects the weekly budget allowance. It would help students

save their allowances and understand the cost of a tricycle fare. This will also

help them manage their finances better. It has been a long time since the

transportation rates were raised and the increase is reasonable especially

during the times of pandemic and inflation. The researchers anticipate that the

City Traffic Management System will provide an exact fare price to Person with

Disabilities (PWD’S) or students as a result of this study. The researchers

assume that the respondents will answer both the study and the survey's results

will include validity and reliability information.

Hypothesis

This research study aims to provide a solution on how to figure out

Tricycle Fare Affects the Weekly Budget Allowance of the Senior High School

Learners of Benthel Asia School of Technology, Inc. This research gives a great

opportunity to the people to give knowledge why the tricycle fare prices

increased. It also allows learners to practice their budgeting abilities based on

how they budget their allowance, which is especially important for students who

do not have similar weekly budgets. According to a survey, those who stick to

budgets are less likely to express financial difficulties and are more likely to

fulfill their financial goals. The more you are engaged and manage your income

and expenses can be eye opening and improves your self discipline.
Significance of the Study

The significance of this study is to view the senior high school students

of Benthel Asia School of Technology's perspective on how the tricycle fare

affects their weekly budget allowance. This study is conducted to benefit the

following:

Students. The result of this study will be a feed backing data to them as

perceived by them on tricycle fares.

Passengers. This study serves as a guide for Tricycle Drivers in order for them

to have comfortable and efficient transportation.

Tricycle Drivers. The study will discuss the drivers' perceptions of how

passengers react to them and will help students who have a lot of issues with

tricycle drivers understand what is going on.

Community. This research will act as their guide to comprehend the many

circumstances. Furthermore, it increases community practice by providing a

viewpoint that differs from that of the senior high students.

Researchers. This refers to the students who do the research themselves.

Researchers stand to gain from it since they are the ones who would benefit

from it. This is also extremely beneficial for them to comprehend the meaning

of the Tricycle Fare Affects the Weekly Budgets Allowance of the Senior High

Learners.
Scope and Delimitation

This research aims to determine the correlation between the senior high

school students' weekly budget allowance and the daily tricycle fare. The

primary focus of this study will be on the perspectives and experiences of

students who commute to school at Benthel Asia School of Technology

Incorporation. The study will also express the perception of the tricycle drivers

on the negative reaction to the students.

This study will take place in Benthel Asia School of Technology Inc.

Basak Campus that offers Senior High School Education with different strands.

The researchers will conduct a face to face survey to the 10 chosen

respondents of each strand in Grade 11 Learners and 10 chosen respondents

of each strand in Grade 12 Learners on budgeting their allowance. An interview

will be conducted by the researchers to 10 tricycle driver participants.

Definition of Terms

For the purpose of this study, the words below are defined as on how the

researchers use the words in this study.

Fare is the money that you pay for a vehicle such as a tricycle and it

increases in the sum charged for riding.

Tricycle is a sidecar with three wheels that can accommodate 4 to 5

persons, including the driver, and it is used for public transport in small areas

in the community for short distances.

Commuter is a person who commutes daily from their house to their

school or other destination using public transportation.

Perspective is the perception of every commuter in a situation about the

tricycle fare that affects their weekly budget.

Person with disabilities (PWD) refers to persons who have long-term

physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which, in interaction with

various attitudinal and environmental barriers, hinders their full and effective

participation in society.

Allowance the amount of something that is permitted, especially within

a set of regulations or for a specified purpose.

Weekly Budget everything that you expect to spend that week, and

each week will be different.

 City Traffic Management System is the planning, organization,

direction, and control of both stationary and moving traffic, including

pedestrians, bicyclists, and all types of vehicles.

 CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature

The following are the supporting articles of information that are related

and relevant to the study about the tricycle fare affecting the weekly budget

allowance of the senior high school learners of Benthel Asia School of

Technology, Inc. This chapter comprises both local and foreign studies, which

serves as a foundation to support the claim to the current research. The

researchers' information is enclosed from books in libraries, journals, published

studies and articles on the internet.

Local

The Roadmap for Transport and Infrastructure Development for

Lapu-Lapu City and its Surrounding Areas by the National Economic

Development Authority and the Japan International Cooperation Agency

published in 2014, jeepneys, motorcycles, and tricycles are a major source

of particulate matter in Lapu-Lapu City. Particulate matter are inhalable

particles of chemicals and dust. They are the same particles that collect in your

typical white air filtration systems, subsequently turning them black.

According to Ma. Janice J. Gumasing (2014), Overall Improvement for

the Design of Motorized Tricycles in the Philippines - An Ergonomic Study

pointed out that motorized tricycles is a common mean of passenger transport

everywhere in the Philippines, it is the most popular means of transport in small

towns and cities, especially in the rural areas. Commuting in the Philippines Is

very much a part of the Filipino lifestyle. Riding motorized tricycles is a common
means of passenger transport everywhere in the Philippines. E. Felipe. The

"Tricycle Capital of the Philippines," according to Balaria's report from April

2016 to September 2016, in Cabanatuan City, which is in the province of Nueva

Ecija's central region. In most cases, tricycle units were financed. It was quite

easy to organize and administer. In contrast to two-stroke engines, the majority

of vehicles used four-stroke engines. Passengers were at risk in the tiny tricycle

sidecar. The fees that customers were charged frequently increased to 300

percent or more, and there were numerous instances of abuse.

National

In established cities, there is typically a healthy mix of modes of mobility,

including non-motorized and private cars, as well as a wide array of public

transit options, including buses of various capacities, trains, and monorails. On

the other hand, it appears that the opposite is occurring in most cities of

developing nations, particularly in Southeast Asia, especially with regard to

public transit. The absence of a standard or traditional public transportation

network and infrastructure, such as mass transit, is typically filled by various

cutting-edge means of public transportation.

Numerous fare elasticity meta-analyses have looked into the effects of

pricing on the use of public transportation (Kremerset al. 2002; Paulley et al.

2006; Holmgren 2007). The reported values for fare elasticity in the literature

exhibit wide variances, ranging from -0.009 to -0.32, with a mean value of -0.38.

(Holmgren 2007). According to the widely accepted Simpson-Curtin rule

(1968), a 3% increase in fare results in a 1% drop in ridership. This association,

like other rules of thumb, can be used to anticipate impacts quickly and roughly,
but it might be too simple for extensive planning and behavioral effect modeling

(Litman 2012). Paulley et al. (2006) investigated the extent to which elasticities

rely on the method of travel, the type of area, the analysis horizon, the type of

fare change, and the existing fare levels.

Additionally, the magnitude, sign, and duration of the fare fluctuation all

affect fare elasticity. According to Chen et al. (2011), fare elasticity is

substantially asymmetric; passenger demand declines in reaction to price

increases, but the impact of a price decrease is minimal. In comparison to static

or short-run elasticity, Holmgren (2007) discovered that the long-run fare

elasticity was substantially larger (in absolute terms). This implies that people

modify their travel habits to price gradually.

Numerous studies have been conducted on the topic of identifying and

analyzing the primary factors that influence the demand for public

transportation. It has been proven that a variety of factors, including

socioeconomic and supply issues, have an impact on the demand for public

transportation. The latter involves changing pricing structures and service

quality. Pricing structures for public transportation can range from charging the

full economic market price to providing a service that is entirely subsidized for

free. The majority of public transportation providers choose a medium ground,

providing a partially subsidized service with user funding for the balance of the

cost (Van Goeverden et al. 2006).

Foreign

According to Rahman (2013), most vast urban communities around the

globe are experiencing fast transport segment improvement to provide

development for expanding urbanization. Along these lines the issues of

portability, access equity, congestion, operational security or more all

ecological manageability are ending up progressively urgent in transport

planning and arrangement making. The mainstream reaction in tending to these

issues has been demanded by the executives, through enhancement of

mechanized public transport (MPT) modes (transport, train, cable car) and non-

mechanized transport (NMT) modes (walk, bike); enhanced fuel innovation. It

outlines a small number of key urban and transport characteristics and places

them in an international context. This sets the scene for discussion of the

transport opportunities and challenges that result from high densities. Finally,

the implications of high urban densities for transport policies are discussed. It

is widely accepted that low urban densities tend to go together with a high level

of reliance on private cars, low use of public transport, and low levels of walking

and cycling (Newman and Kenworthy, 2008). In the case of the Philippines,

motorcycles in the form of tricycles have gained wide acceptance as a

legitimate form of public transport in most areas rather than the use of

motorcycles for personal mobility.

In addition to the given factors, Gwilliam (2009) stated that the World

Bank urban transport strategy review "Urban on the move", the paper inspects

the basic contrasts between the city transport issues confronting urban areas

in the creating and industrialized world. Ultimately congestion and decaying

natural environment safety and security conditions are viewed as endemic in

developing the urban communities. In spite of the fact that the extent of urban

space given to development is regularly generally low in the development of the

cities, rates of mechanization are believed to be not untypical of those

accomplished in industrialized nations at comparable normal salary levels. In

connection to this, being a driver they need all the papers or the license that

can prove that they have a right to drive and being tricycle drivers they always

need to check the security or the safety of their passengers and also their

condition to drive.
12 ABM-

AVENTURINE

AFTERNOON

SESSION
 Theoretical Framework

Effects of Tricycle Fare to the Weekly

Budget Allowance of the Senior High
School Learners of Benthel Asia
School of Technology, Inc

6 Different Forms of A Theory of Personal

Transportation Cost Budgeting
Differences
(Simon Galpitre )
(Grey, Nash and Lovelock)

Patron
Distanced Cost Based
Based Based
Quality Budgeting Self-control
Time Area
Based problem
Based Based

How the students will have

allowance management