NCERT

Science Grade 9 Chapter 6 Tissues

CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 9 science Chapter 6

Exercises

Q.1. Define the term “tissue”.

Solution: A group of cells that are of common origin, similar in structure and work together to perform a specific
function is called a tissue. Blood, phloem, muscle, etc., are all examples of tissues.

Q.2. Name the tissue that forms the inner lining of our mouth. (Columnar epithelium/ Squamous epithelium/ Cuboidal
epithelium)
Squamous epithelium

Solution: The covering or protective tissues in the animal body are epithelial tissues. Squamous epithelium forms the
inner lining of our mouth, skin, lung alveoli and the food pipe. It is made up of thin, flat, irregular shaped cells
which fit together like floor tiles to form a compact tissue. It is also known as pavement epithelium.

Q.3. Name the tissue that connects muscle to bone in humans. (Tendon/ Ligament)
Tendon

Solution: The tissue that connects, and supports all other types of tissues in the body is called connective tissue. Muscles
are connected to the bones via fibrous connective tissue called tendons. They are strong, flexible and inelastic
in nature.

Q.4. Name the tissue that transports food in plants.

Phloem

Solution: The vascular tissues in plants help in the transport of substances throughout the plant body. It is of two types:
Xylem and phloem. The former transports water from the roots to other parts of the plant. The latter
translocates prepared food material from leaves to other parts of the plant.

Q.5. What is the name of the tissue that stores fat in our body, whether it is adipose tissue or skeletal tissue?
adipose tissue

Solution: Areolar tissue is modified to store fat in its cells. This tissue is called adipose tissue. It is an aggregation of fat
cells or adipocytes. It stores fat and acts as an insulator.

Q.6. Name the connective tissue with a fluid matrix. (Bone/ Blood/ Cartilage)
Blood

Solution: The tissue that serves to connect the cells of other tissues in the body is called connective tissue. Blood is a
fluid connective tissue. It is made up of plasma, red blood corpuscles (RBCs), white blood corpuscles (WBCs)
and platelets.

Q.7. Name the tissue present in the brain.

Nervous tissue

Solution: A group of cells that are similar in structure and perform a specific function form a tissue. The brain, spinal
cord and nerves are all composed of the nervous tissue. The cells of this tissue are called neurons.

Q.8. Identify the type of tissue in the following: skin, the bark of a tree, bone, lining of kidney tubule, vascular bundle.

Solution: Location Tissue

Skin Stratified squamous epithelium
Bark of a tree Cork
Bone Connective tissue
The lining of kidney tubule Cuboidal epithelium
Vascular bundle Complex permanent tissue- Xylem and phloem

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NCERT Science Grade 9 Chapter 6 Tissues

Q.9. Name the regions in which parenchyma tissue is present.

Solution: The cells of parenchyma are living cells and are generally loosely packed. This tissue is chiefly found in soft
areas of stem, flowers, fruits, roots and leaves.

Q.10. What is the role of the epidermis in plants?

Solution: The outermost layer of cells that protects the plant body from the external environment is called the epidermis.
The functions of the epidermis are as follows:
i. It provides protection to the underlying cells and tissues.
ii. It prevents water loss.
iii. It prevents mechanical injury and attack by parasitic fungi.

Q.11. How does the cork act as a protective tissue?

Solution: A strip of secondary meristem in the cortex forms layers of cells which constitute the cork. These cells are dead
and compactly arranged without intercellular spaces. They also possess a chemical called suberin in their walls
which makes them impermeable to water and gases, thereby protecting the plant body.

Q.12. Complete the following chart:

Solution: A flow chart representing the different types of permanent tissues in plants. The cells of the permanent tissue
are derived from the meristematic tissue that are modified to perform specific functions in the plants.

Q.13. How many types of elements together make up the xylem tissue? Name them.

Solution: Xylem is a vascular tissue that transports water from the roots to all other parts of the plant body. It is made up
of four different types of elements which are as follows:
(i) Tracheids
(ii) Vessels
(iii) Xylem parenchyma
(iv) Xylem fibres

Q.14. How are simple tissues different from complex tissues in plants?

Solution: Features Simple tissue Complex tissue

Simple tissues are composed of one type of cells Complex tissues consist of more than one type
only, and the cells are structurally and of cells working together as a unit to perform a
Definition
functionally similar. They are classified into specific function. They are classified into
parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma. xylem and phloem.

Q.15. Differentiate between parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma on the basis of their cell wall.

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NCERT Science Grade 9 Chapter 6 Tissues

Solution: The difference between parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma based on their cell wall is as follows:

Features Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma

The cell wall is The cell wall has the The cell walls
Component
made up of deposition of pectin at have deposition of
of cell wall
cellulose. the corner. lignin.

Q.16. What are the functions of the stomata?

Solution: The tiny pores present on the leaf surface, which are surrounded by guard cells, are called stomata. The two
main functions of stomata are:

It facilitates gaseous exchange during the process of respiration, photosynthesis and transpiration.

The guard cells of stomata contain chlorophyll pigment, which helps in the process of photosynthesis.

Q.17. Diagrammatically show the difference between the three types of muscle fibres.

Solution:

A neat labelled diagram of a striated muscle fibre

Striated muscles are voluntary in action, and its cells are long cylindrical fibres that are enclosed in a
membrane called sarcolemma. These muscle fibres are multinucleated. They are attached to the skeletal system
of the body.

A neat labelled diagram of an unstriated muscle fibre

Unstriated muscles are also known as smooth muscles. They are involuntary in action. The cells are spindle-
shaped but are not enclosed by the sarcolemma. They are found in the alimentary canal and blood vessels.

A neat labelled diagram of a cardiac muscle fibre

Cardiac muscle fibres are involuntary in action and continuously contract and relax throughout the lifetime.
The presence of intercalated discs characterizes these muscle fibres. They are only found in the heart and
nowhere else.

Q.18. What is the specific function of the cardiac muscle?

Solution: Cardiac muscles are only found in the heart and not anywhere else in the body. They show rhythmic relaxation
and contraction throughout life without fatigue.

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NCERT Science Grade 9 Chapter 6 Tissues

Q.19. Differentiate between striated, unstriated and cardiac muscles on the basis of their structure and site/location in the body.

Solution: Difference between striated, unstriated and cardiac muscles are as follows:

Unstriated Cardiac
Features Striated muscles
muscles muscles
The cells are The cells are
The fibres or cells are long and
long, narrow, short,
cylindrical with multiple nuclei
Structure spindle-shaped cylindrical
present at the periphery. Thus,
and and
striated muscles are multinucleate.
uninucleate. uninucleate.

Cardiac
Features Striated muscle Unstriated muscle
muscle
They are present in hand, They are present in walls They are
Location feet and other parts of the of stomach, intestine, present in
skeletal system. ureter, and bronchi. the heart.

Q.20. Draw a labelled diagram of a neuron.

Solution: Nerve cells or neurons are the highly specialised cells present in the nervous tissue. A neuron consists of a cell
body, dendrites and axon.

A neat labelled diagram of a neuron

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NCERT Science Grade 9 Chapter 6 Tissues

Questions

Q.1. What is a tissue?

Solution: A group of cells that are of common origin, similar in structure and work together to perform a specific
function is called a tissue. Blood, phloem, muscle, etc., are all examples of tissues.

Q.2. Name the types of simple tissues in a plant.

Solution: A group of cells that carry out a specific function is called a tissue. Simple tissues are composed of one type of
cells only. There are three types of simple tissues:

i. Parenchyma
ii. Collenchyma
iii. Sclerenchyma

Q.3. Name the tissue responsible for movement in our body, whether it is connective tissue or cardiac tissue?
Muscular tissue

Solution: Group of cells that are similar in structure and perform a specific function forms a tissue. There are different
types of tissues performing different functions. Muscular tissues are responsible for movement in our body.
These are of three types based on their location, structure and function: smooth muscles, cardiac muscles and
skeletal muscles.

Adipose tissue

Q.4. What is the utility of tissues in multicellular organisms?

Solution: A group of cells that carry out a specific function is called a tissue. Different functions are performed by
different tissues, which helps in the division of labour to perform complex body functions. For example, the
nervous tissue helps in the transmission of messages.

Q.5. Where is apical meristem found?

Solution: Apical meristems are tissues made up of cells that continuously undergo the process of mitotic cell division
and help in increasing the length of the plant. This tissue is found at the tips of the roots and shoots.

Q.6. What does a neuron look like?

Solution: A neuron is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system. It is the longest cell in the body. It has
three components:

Cell body: The cell body or cyton of a neuron is like a typical animal cell which contains cytoplasm and
a nucleus.

Dendrites: These are short and branched fibres which arise from the cell body. These structures have
receptors to which the neurotransmitter binds.
Axon: It is a long fibre-like extension that arises from the cell body and can be myelinated or non-
myelinated.

A labelled diagram of a neuron

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Q.7. Which tissue makes up the husk of coconut?

Solution: A group of cells that carry out a specific function is called a tissue. The husk of the coconut is made of
sclerenchymatous tissue. The cells of this tissue are dead and its cell walls are highly lignified. It is present in
the mesocarp of the fruit of coconut (Nariyal).

Q.8. Give three features of cardiac muscles.

Solution: The muscles present in the heart are called cardiac muscles. The three features of cardiac muscles include:

Cardiac muscles are branched, cylindrical and uninucleated.

Cardiac muscles are involuntary in action.

Cardiac muscles exhibit contraction and relaxation throughout life.

Q.9. What are the constituents of phloem?

Solution: Phloem is a food conducting tissue that transports food from the leaves to other parts of the plant. It is
composed of four types of elements which are as follows:
1. Phloem parenchyma
2. Phloem fibres
3. Sieve tubes
4. Companion cells

Q.10. What are the functions of areolar tissue?

Solution: A connective tissue in which fibres are loosely arranged in a net or meshwork is called areolar tissue. The
functions of areolar connective tissue are as follows:

1. It helps in the repair of tissues after an injury, combating foreign toxins.

2. Areolar connective tissue acts as a supporting and packing tissue between organs lying in the body cavity.
Matrix of this tissue is important in the diffusion of oxygen and nutrients from small blood vessels.

3. It assists in tissue repair of muscles and skin.

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