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Dot and Cross Practice

1. The document discusses dot and cross diagrams which are used to represent ionic and covalent bonding between atoms. Dot and cross diagrams show the transfer or sharing of electrons between atoms to form ions or molecules with full outer shells. 2. Examples of dot and cross diagrams are provided for ionic compounds such as NaCl and covalent compounds such as H2O. Steps are outlined for drawing the diagrams to represent electron transfers in ionic bonding and electron sharing in covalent bonding. 3. Questions are included to test understanding of ionic versus covalent bonding, charges on ions, numbers of electrons involved in single and double bonds.

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Deez Nuts
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1K views

Dot and Cross Practice

1. The document discusses dot and cross diagrams which are used to represent ionic and covalent bonding between atoms. Dot and cross diagrams show the transfer or sharing of electrons between atoms to form ions or molecules with full outer shells. 2. Examples of dot and cross diagrams are provided for ionic compounds such as NaCl and covalent compounds such as H2O. Steps are outlined for drawing the diagrams to represent electron transfers in ionic bonding and electron sharing in covalent bonding. 3. Questions are included to test understanding of ionic versus covalent bonding, charges on ions, numbers of electrons involved in single and double bonds.

Uploaded by

Deez Nuts
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Name: __________________________

Dot and Cross Diagrams

Part 1: Ionic Bonding


When metals and non-metals react electrons are transferred from the metal to the
non-metal to from ions. The ions formed have full outer shells.

Draw dot and cross diagrams to show how electrons are transferred when the
following atoms react:
1 atom of sodium with 1 atom of chlorine:

WORKED EXAMPLE
Step 1 Draw the electronic arrangement of both atoms (use dots for one
atom and crosses for the other)
Step 2 Now draw an arrow on your diagram to show the direction of the
transfer of the electron(s)
Step 3 Now draw the ions formed after the electrons have moved: show
the charge on the ions formed at the top right.

Atoms before
they react

+ -
Ions that are
formed
Name: __________________________

Repeat steps 1-2 for the following atoms in your notebooks. Then put your
final answer (step 3) in the space below. Show only the outer electrons.

1. LiCl 5. MgF2

2. MgO 6. CaF2

3. KF 7. Na2O

4. BeS 8. Al2O3

Part 2: Covalent Bonding

A non-metal metal and another non-metal can bond together by sharing electrons
so that both electrons can achieve a full outer shell. This is called covalent bonding.
To represent the atoms involved in the bonding we draw crosses for the electrons
on one of the atoms and dots for the electrons on the other atoms as shown here.
Name: __________________________

WORKED EXAMPLE

Note: It may be easiest to draw each atom out individually first to work out how
many electrons will be shared

Step 1 Draw the circles (outer shells) and overlap them (like a Venn
diagram)
Step 2 Write the symbols of the atoms involved in the middle of each
circle
Step 3 Draw the electrons for one atom as dots (o) and electrons for the
other atom as crosses (x).
Step 4 Any shared electrons are drawn in the overlapping section.
Step 5 Count up the electrons for EACH atom and check that they each

now have a full outer shell (2 electrons for the first shell and 8 for the next
2 shells)

Repeat steps 1-5 for the following covalent compounds in the space below.
Show only the outer electrons.

1. F2 4. HF

2. CH4 5. CO2

3. O2 6. H2S
Name: __________________________

7. H2O 8. NH3

Answer the following questions.

1. What is the difference between a sodium atom and a sodium ion?

2. Do metal atoms lose or gain electrons?

3. How many valence electrons does an atom of chlorine have?

4. What charge ions will atoms in group 7 of the Periodic table form?

5. How many atoms of sodium would react with an atom of fluorine? Explain
your answer.

6. How many atoms of sodium would react with an atom of oxygen? Explain
your answer.

7. How many electrons are shared in a double bond?

8. How many electrons will a hydrogen atom have if it has a full outer shell?

9. How many electrons will a sulfur atom have if it has a full outer shell?

10. How many electrons are shared in a molecule of N2?

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