INTERNSHIP REPORT

CONTENT

CHAPTER NAME PAGE NO

1 INTRODUCTION 2
1.1 ABOUT THE COMPANY 3-4
2 ABOUT THE PROJECT 5-6
2.1 SITE PLAN 7
3 TASK PERFORMED 8

3.1 CONSTRUCTION OF SLAB 8-9

3.2 PROCESS OF SLAB CONSTRUCTION 10 - 13

3.3 PREPARING OF FORMWORK 14 - 15

3.4 PLACEMENT OF REINFORCEMENT 16

3.5 POURING AND COMPACTING OF 17

CONCRETE
3.6 CURING AND REMOVAL OF FORMWORK 18 - 19

4 OUTCOMES 20

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

The internship is an integral platform for anyone to gain experience in an actual

workplace. Internship is a good opportunity for student to learn, to gain experience and also
to make preparation. An internship is a period of work experience offered by an organization
for a limited period of time. Men learn through experience, and a real life is full of different
kinds of experience. We will encounter many difficulties and obstacles, and with experience
we are expected to be able to encourage and complete the cleaning process. Experience in our
eyes is a very valuable thing in life because we need to be brave in taking risks. It also helps
us to know and discover myself from different angle. It also helps us to control and behaviour
in dealing with different kinds of people and situation. Internships provide current college
students with the ability to participate in the field of their choice to receive hands-on learning
about a particular future career, preparing them for full time work following graduation.

We have decided to take the internship course to grab the golden opportunity to apply
theories and knowledge that we have in real working life setting. Through learning in
university. we learned about theories but by doing internship. we learned the practically
approach on dealing with al real world. Even through it was not that much, it still has
profound results in some aspects of our life. In some ways, through the internship, we also
have learned that we still lacking as an individual and employee The reason why we choose
to take the internship course is as a preparation for more challenging work environment and
situation our life in school and university is incomparable with working life. A working life is
very challenging as it requires great effort, commitment. and abilities; those are something
that we need to be prepared and trained too.

During site visit I had the chance to explore and observe the construction of
foundation, footings, columns, slab, flooring and other finishing works of the residential
apartment buildings.

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1.1 ABOUT THE COMPANY

Imperial Build Tech was established in 2001. Imperial Build Tech is one of the
leading mid-size Civil and Pre Engineered Building structures contracting companies in
Bangalore. Today this company is a team of 125 strong skilled technical staff in addition to
2000+ Labour force. Currently the company have operations in Bangalore city. Till date the
company executed more than 10 Million Sq. ft. spread across 60 Projects throughout
Bangalore. This company is a track record of completing all projects in agreed timeline &
Quality. This company proud members of Builders Association of India (BAI). The company
also have the capability to take up Electrical works with the assistance of our associates. This
Company expertise in various industry verticals – Residential, commercial, Industrial,
Educational Institutions etc.

VISION :

With our effective work. ethic and high quality construction, we intend to be one of
the leading premier construction companies in South India. To be the first preferred contactor
for all construction activities in our region and to be the company that clients prefer to work
with, customers rely on and employees are proud to work for.

MISSION :

Cherishing Relationships with our clients, being integral to their success by

anticipating their every need, and delivering on every commitment we make. W/e are
committed to deliver cost-effective and high-quality projects to our clients on time, every
time.

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1.1.1 SAFETY MEASURES

Safety measures are very essential to be considered during construction.

Safety measures undertaken at construction site:

• High-Quality Equipment.
• Safety is ingrained in company practices.
• Continual Training Programs.
• Constant communication and collaboration.
• Accurate Documentation and Sign Boards on site.

1.1.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE

It is a way of preventing mistakes and defects in manufactured products and avoiding

problems when delivering solutions or services to the customers.

They considered Factors for good quality work:

• Skilled labours.
• Good quality materials.
• Technical supervision.
• Proper curing.
• Proper shuttering.
• Completing project on time.
• Test for all cement concrete works.

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CHAPTER 2

ABOUT THE PROJECT

ESTEEM SOUTH PARK

Fig 1 : Elevation of the project

Fig 2 : Elevation of project

PROJECT NAME SCOPE OF WORK WORK ORDER VALUE STATUS

(INR)

Esteem South Park Civil Works Structure 89cr Ongoing

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Esteem South Park is a residential project which is off Bannerghatta Main road. It
has 1 Basement, Ground, and 14 Floors ( 5 Towers ). The total built-up area of this project is
5.5 Lakhs Sqft. The contract value is Rs. 89 Crores and the scheduled date of completion is
January 2024.

Esteem South Park has a stylish elevation, well planned architecture and aesthetic
landscaping. This luxury residential property Phase -1 with 280 homes is coming up in 4
Acres and raises up to 14 floors. It has large format 2, 2.5, 3 and 4 Bedroom homes with
excellent planning and a Contemporary style.

Esteem south park, a new residential project is launched named situated at

Bannerghatta main road, near Meenakshi Mall Bangalore. This project is quite luxurious and
offers a trendy and modern life. Esteem South Park is designed with all types of modern
amenities and comes out with elegant and sophisticated lifestyle according to today's trend.
The apartments are well connected to frequently visited areas like, school, hospital, offices,
shopping malls and others. At these apartments you can enjoy your life and change your style
statement.

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2.1 SITE PLAN :

Fig 3 : Plan of the project

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CHAPTER 3

TASK PERFORMED

3.1 CONSTRUCTION OF SLAB

• The concrete slab is a horizontal surface of a residential building or commercial building,

factories, flat, etc.
• The thickness of the steel-reinforced slab is near about 100-500mm. This types of slabs
are used for ceiling and floor purpose.
• Less thin slabs are used to construct for exterior paving.
• Sometimes in a domestic or commercial building, a thick concrete slab is constructed
directly to the subsoil. These types of the slab are generally classified as the ground
bearing slab.

Fig 4 : Slab in building

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3.1.1 TYPES OF SLAB DESIGN :

• Ground Bearing Slab

• Suspended Slab
• Unreinforced Slab
• Mud Slab
• One Way Slab
• Two Way Slab

In site they are used one way slab and Two way slab, Here these two types of slabs will be
explained.

ONE WAY SLAB :

One way slab has moment-resisting reinforcement only in a shorter direction. In this type of
slab, the longer direction will be negligible.
A one way reinforced slab may be stronger than a two-way non-reinforced slab because it
depends on the type of load.

TWO WAY SLAB :

The two-way slab has moment-resisting reinforcement in both directions, i.e longer & shorter
direction.
This types of slabs can carry a heavy load, vibration, etc.
To construct a two-way slab, the main thing is to note that lx: ly < 2, where lx is the shorter
span, and ly is the longer span.

3.1.2 FUNCTIONS OF SLAB :

• To provide a flat surface

• To act as sound, heat and fire insulator
• It provides a covering shelter or working flat surface in buildings
• Its primary function is to transfer the load by bending in one or two directions
• The upper slab becomes the ceiling for the storey beneath it.

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3.2 PROCESS FOR SLAB CONSTRUCTION

• Prepare Formwork

• Placement of reinforcement

• Pour, Compact and Concrete Finish

• Curing of Concrete & Remove the Formwork

Before processing of slab construction fallowed checkings should be done :

3.2.1 CHECKING OF SLAB REINFORCEMENT :

• Proper cover blocks should be covered.

• Proper lapping should be provided i.e not less than 25D.
• Generally 40D.
• Lapping should not given at the junctions.
• Proper bent up bars should be provided i.e Bent up bars Usually 45 degree in between
the center and junction.
• Proper spacing should be given i.e not greater than 300mm.
• The level of slab and beam top should be horizontal.
• All waste material should be removed before casting.

3.2.2 CHECKING OF SLAB CASTING :

• Proper cover block should be given
• Proper shuttering oil should be provided to shuttering materials i.e shuttering plates
• Cleaning should be done properly before casting
• Slump value should be check before casting
• Vibrator should be given to compact, to remove air spaces
• Vibrations should be given to reinforcement for proper compaction.

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3.2.3 CONCRETE QUALITY CHECKING :

It is checked by various methods like

➔Slump test

➔Cube test

3.2.4 SLUMP TEST : Slump value should not be less than 75mm

Slump value should not greater than 130mm

Fig 8 : Slump test

The test is carried out using a metal mould in the shape of a conical frustum known as
a slump cone or Abrams cone, that is open at both ends and has attached handles. The tool
typically has an internal diameter of 100 millimetres (3.9 in) at the top and of 200 millimetres
(7.9 in) at the bottom with a height of 305 millimetres (12.0 in). The cone is placed on a hard
non-absorbent surface. This cone is filled with fresh concrete in three stages. Each time, each
layer is tamped 25 times with a 2 ft - long bullet-nosed metal rod measuring in 16 mm in
diameter. At the end of the third stage, the concrete is struck off flush with the top of the
mould. The mould is carefully lifted vertically upwards, so as not to disturb the concrete
cone. The concrete then slumps (subsides). The slump of the concrete is measured by
measuring the distance from the top of the slumped concrete to the level of the top of the
slump cone.

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3.2.5 CUBE TEST :

Compressive strength is the capacity of material or structure to resist or withstand under

compression. The Compressive strength of a material is determined by the ability of the
material to resist failure in the form cracks and fissure.

In this test, the push force applied on the both faces of concrete specimen and the maximum
compression that concrete bears without failure is noted.

Fig 9 : Casting of cubes

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3.2.6 DETAILS OF CUBE CASTING :

MOULD SIZE = 150mm × 150mm × 150mm

• Take a Random sample of concrete.

• Pour concrete into the cubes in 3 layers.
• Each layer should be 50mm.
• Compact each layer with 35 numbers of strokes with tamping rod (16mm).
• After 24 hrs remove the specimen from the mould.
• Test 3 specimen for 7 days & 3 specimen for 28 days of curing.

Testing of cubes :

Concrete compressive strength for general construction varies from 15 MPa (2200
psi) to 30 MPa (4400 psi) and higher in commercial and industrial structures. Compressive
strength is the ability of material or structure to carry the loads on its surface without any
crack or deflection. A material under compression tends to reduce the size, while in tension,
size elongates. This concrete is poured in the mould and appropriately tempered so as not to
have any voids. After 24 hours, moulds are removed, and test specimens are put in water for
curing. The top surface of these specimen should be made even and smooth. This is done by
placing cement paste and spreading smoothly on the whole area of the specimen. These
specimens are tested by compression testing machine after seven days curing or 28 days
curing. Load should be applied gradually at the rate of 140 kg/cm2 per minute till the
Specimens fails. Load at the failure divided by area of specimen gives the compressive
strength of concrete.

Fig 10 : Cube Test

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3.3 PREPARING OF FARMWORK :

The formwork shall be designed to withstand construction loads such as fresh

concrete pressure and weight of workers and operators and their machines. Guide to
Formwork for Concrete ACI 347-04 shall be followed for the design of formworks.
Moreover, there are various construction aspects that need to be considered during the
erection of formworks. For example, it should be positioned correctly, lined and levelled,
joints sealed adequately, and prevent protruding of nails into the concrete etc... Furthermore,
different materials such as wood, steel, and aluminium can be used for the formworks of
concrete floor slab.

At the site, they were using Steel plates and steel jacks, Acrospan as a formwork.

Fig 5 : Farmwork of Slab

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Fig 6 : Jacks and acrospan

Finally, there are several common formwork construction deficiencies that site engineer
needs to be aware of and prevent their occurrence otherwise formwork failure may occur.
These construction deficiencies are provided below:

• Poor or lack of formwork examination during and after concrete placement to identify
uncommon deflections or other indications of possible failure that could be corrected

• Inadequate nailing, bolting, welding, or fastening

• Improper lateral bracing

• Construct formwork that does not comply with form drawings

• Lack of proper field inspection to ensure that form design has been properly interpreted
by form builders

• Use of damaged or inferior lumber having lower strength than needed.

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3.4 PLACEMENT OF REINFORCEMENT :

Prior to the placement of reinforcement for concrete floor slab construction, inspect
and check forms to confirm that the dimensions and the location of the concrete members
conform to the structural plans. Added to that, the forms shall be properly cleaned and oiled
but not in such amount as to run onto bars or concrete construction joints. Design drawings
provides necessary reinforcement details, so it only needs understanding to use designated
bar size, cutting required length, and make necessary hooks and bents. After preparation is
completed, steel bars are placed into their positions with the provision of specified spacings
and concrete cover. The concrete cover and spacing for floor slabs can be maintained by
introducing spacers and bars supporters. Wires are used to tie main reinforcement and
shrinkage and temperature reinforcement (distribution reinforcement).

Fig 7 : Reinforcement of slab

It should be known that incorrect reinforcing steel placement can lead to serious
concrete structural failures. Improper concrete cover exposes reinforcement bars to danger
and jeopardize concrete-steel bond. Finally, after all Requirement of reinforcement
placements (positions, concrete cover, spacing, and correct bars size; length; hooks; and
bending) are finalized, then site engineer can order concreting.

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3.5 POURING AND COMPACTING OF CONCRETE :

Concrete should be deposited at, or as close as possible to, its final position in order to
prevent segregation. So, Concrete placement in large and separate piles, then moving them
horizontally into final position shall be prevented. Moreover, site engineer shall monitor
concreting properly, and look for signs of problems. For example, loss of grout is the
indication of improper sealing and movement of joints. Added to that, cracking, excessive
deflection, level and plumb, and any movement shall be checked and tackled to prevent
further problems.

In addition, ensure that the concrete is compacted. This help the concrete to bind and
mould into place inside the formwork and around the reinforcement bars. Vibration, either
internal or external, is the most widely used method for consolidating concrete. Lastly, slabs
should be finished according to applicable building standards.

Fig 11 : Pouring of Concrete

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3.6 CURING OF CONCRETE & REMOVAL OF FORMWORK :

Curing a concrete slab involves the application of water over an approximate 7 day
period. Applying moisture to the concrete helps it to seal. Spraying twice daily is ideal – use
light mist sprays with complete coverage. After 24 hours of the concrete being poured, the
formwork can be removed. Take care removing the formwork to avoid any damage to the
concrete slab.

Suitable technique shall be used to cure the concrete adequately. Slab curing methods
such as water cure; concrete is flooded; ponded; or mist sprayed. In addition to water
retaining method in which coverings such as sand; canvas; burlap; or straw used to kept slab
surface wet continuously, chemical Membranes, and waterproof paper or plastic film seal.
Regarding curing, it is recommended to remove formworks after 7 days.

The slab can be walked on after 3 days, but avoid heavy loads for at least 7 days.

Fig 12 : Curing Of Slab

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Fig 13 : Slab after curing

Special attention is required for formwork removal of flexural members such as

beams and slabs. As these members are subjected to self-load as well as live load even during
construction, they may deflect if the strength gained is not sufficient to handle to loads. When
it is ensured that the concrete in the structural members has gained sufficient strength to
withstand the design load, only then formworks should be removed. If possible, the
formworks should be left for longer time as it helps in curing.

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CHAPTER 4
OUTCOMES
1. I learned practically more then in theoretical, learned the process of how the slab
constructed.
2. Learned the types of Slabs used.
3. Concrete checking and the tests learned before the processing of slab construction.
4. Learned about the reinforcement placing how the lapping should be given.
5. Learned about how the Formwork should be placed and casting should be done.
6. Learned about the safety measures on the site.
7. Learned about the curing of concrete on the site.
8. Learned about the measurements and basic things before the construction.

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