PARS FORM NO. 4 Ie II. TERMINAL REPORT BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA A, TITLE: Cultivation of Wood-Inhabiting Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus B. PROPONENT: Tricita H. Quimio AGENCY: s UPLB C. COOPERATING AGENCY: none D, DATE RUSEARCH FINISHED: June 30, 1978 (2 years) ABSTRACT The technology of outdoor and indoor cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus was studied starting from the physiology of its vegeta~ tive structure, th> uycelium, to fruiting or production of the mushrooms, ‘he culture, POFL obtained from Bangkok, was used in all experiments. The organism grew very well in oatmeal and v-8 juice agar media at 24-30°C. Continuous darkness favored. mycelial growth more than continuous light or alternating light and darkness. A variety of uncomposted and composted agricultura] waste products supported good mycelial growth hence can be used as spawn substrates. These should first be sterilized or steamed, the length of time depending on the size of the container. ‘The addition of rice bran, grated coconut waste and oatmeal enhanced mycelial growth on sawdust although sawdusts of Leucaena glauca and Gliciridia glauca do not need these supplementation to be able to support good mycelial growth. Addition of certain amount of thiamine and urea increased the mycelial growth while © ,Tit. ascorbic acid had no effect at all. Fruiting bodies appeared from spawned holes of ipil-ipil logs, 3 months after inoculation. This was relatively long; besides the logs were very susceptible to pests and diseases. Indoor culti~ vation of the mushroom was therefore studied. The substrate used were various combinations of agricultural wastes placed in any container, preferably aluminum pans or heat- resistant plastic bags. These were then sterilized or steamed for 3 hours, then inoculated on the surface with the spawn. The pans were then incubated inside the moist plastic bags. When the mycelium has penetrated the entire substrate (at least 2-3 weeks), primordia appeared on the surface. At this stage, the pans were then-further incvhated inside a mushroom plastic house until the mushrooms were ready for harvesting. Up to 2-3 flushes appeared on the surface at 7-day interval giving an average yield of 100 g per 9-inch pan. The mushroom were either dried in a 70°C oven for 2 hours or sterilized in 2% saline solution for 2 h ze at 15 pounds pressure. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION : OBJECTIVES «64 se sees ee te ee et we IMPORTANGS OF THE STUDY. METHODOLOGY: COLLECTION AND ISOLATION TO PURE CULTURES... .. CHLTURAL STUDIES... .. +. see ee SEARCH FOR SPAWN SUBSTRATES AND PREPARATION... Use of Agricultural Wastes... +... 2.0 Type of Sawdust»... ee ee ee ee ee ee wir urnSere sOOUREEE evvOesui eres ne eaie ee teste eee ee oe & Substrate Treatments»... 6+ eee eee ee 4 Sterilization so... eee ee eee ee Moisture content. ........2--- 735 Substrate Supplementation. ........- 5 LOG PREPARATION AND'SPAWN PLANTING... 22-2065 LABORATORY CULTIVATION. 2. ee ee ee dS Preparation of fruiting beds»... ..-.-- 5 Yields... ee. eee eee eee ete 6 PHYSIOLOGY OF FRUITING. 2... eee eee ee ee 0 6 Effect of Environmental Factors .......+.+6 Effect of thiamine, urea, ascorbic acid. ....6 Effect of substrate combination... .. . 220? PRESERVATION 2 6 ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 2 RESULTS: CHOICE Of PURE CULTURES... ...--.-+-e+5 7 CULTURAT. STUDIES 2. 6 ee ee ee ee 2 Effect of Culture media... -.- e+e eee 07 Effect of temperature... . eee eat en Effect of light. ......- ee eo SEARCH FOR SPAWN SUBSTRATES AND PREPARATION... . 9 Use of Agricultural Wastes... ~~ ee) ype of Sawdust ~.-- 2 6-6 ee ee ee Riroprc i go 6 oro 6 JOG Goo a oc! Steaming and Sterilization... ..++. + 13 Moisture... - + - eee eee seat) Substrate supplementation... ...-- - % CULTIVATION ON LOGS 2. ee ee ee ee ee eee 15 LABORATLs. CULTIVATION. 2 eee ee ee eee ee 18 Basic test for fruiting... +. -+-se 2. 18 Yield... . eee ee ee ee eee 18 PHYSIOLOGY OF FRUITING... ee eee eee eee 18 Effect of light and temperature. ..-..... 18 Effect of atmospheric humidity and metabolic gases . 20 Effect of thiamine, urea, NPK, and sugar on fruiting see ee eee ee ewe se 20Iv. INTRODUCTION A. OBJECTIVES + to conduct basic cultural studies on growth and fruiting of Pleurotus ostreatus + to determine the substrates, that can be used for spawn production 3. to study the technology of cultivating the mushroom both on logs and on laboratory trays IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY Pleurotus ostreatus is an edible wood-inhabiting mushroom, It is of good savory taste and is reported to compete well with the common Agarichs in taste and texture. In terms of food value P. ostreatus compare favorably well with any other mushrooms. Its protein content of 29.4% is comparatively higher than many other edible mushrooms. : Considering the general tendency towards food of low cholesterol and high protein content, Pleurotur an certainly enrich our foods. The cultivation of Pleurotus species is not new in other countries abroad. In Taiwan and Thailand,P. cystidiosus and 2 ostreatue ‘ce heen brought into cultivation on a commercial scale. In India, P. sajor-caju, are reportedly grown in greenhouses on fara vaste. P. ostreatus has been subject of many experiments in Europe and the United States and with slight modifications from their cultivation techniques, P. ostreatus and other species of Pleurotus may also prove to be a profitable ‘“cimess in the Philippines.