T4 Forces

1. A parachutist weighs 1000N.
When she opens her parachute, it pulls upwards on her with a

force of 2000N.
a. Draw a diagram to show the forces acting on the parachutist.
b. Calculate the resultant force acting on her.
c. What effect will this force have on her?
2. The ship shown in Figure is travelling at a constant velocity.

a. Is the ship in equilibrium (in other words, is the resultant force on the ship equal to zero)?
How do you know?
b. What is the upthrust U of the water?
c. What is the drag D of the water?
3. A stone is dropped into a fast-flowing stream. It does not fall vertically, because of the
sideways push of the water.
a. Calculate the resultant force on the stone.
b. Is the stone in equilibrium?
4. The person in Figure is pulling a large box using a rope. Use the idea of components of a
force to explain why they are more likely to get the box to move if the rope is horizontal (as
in a) than if it is sloping upwards (as in b).
5. A crate is sliding down a slope. The weight of the crate is 500N. The slope makes an angle of
30° with the horizontal.
a. Draw a diagram to show the situation. Include arrows to represent the weight of the crate
and the contact force of the slope acting on the crate.
b. Calculate the component of the weight down the slope.
c. Explain why the contact force of the slope has no component down the slope.
d. What third force might act to oppose the motion? In which direction would it act?
6. A child of mass 40kg is on a water slide. The slide slopes down at 25° to the horizontal. The
acceleration of free fall is 9.81ms−2. Calculate the child’s acceleration down the slope:
a. when there is no friction and the only force acting on the child is his weight
b. if a frictional force of 80N acts up the slope.
7. A wheelbarrow is loaded as shown in Figure.

a. Calculate the force that the gardener needs to exert to hold the wheelbarrow’s legs off
the ground.
b. Calculate the force exerted by the ground on the legs of the wheelbarrow (taken both
together) when the gardener is not holding the handles.
8. A traditional pair of scales uses sliding masses of 10g and 100g to achieve a balance. A
diagram of the arrangement is shown in Figure. The bar itself is supported with its centre of
gravity at the pivot.
a. Calculate the value of the mass M, attached at X.
b. State one advantage of this method of measuring mass.
c. Determine the upward force of the pivot on the bar
9. Figure shows a beam with four forces acting on it
a. For each force, calculate the moment of the force about point P.
b. State whether each moment is clockwise or anticlockwise.
c. State whether or not the moments of the forces are balanced.
10. The driving wheel of a car travelling at a constant velocity has a torque of 137Nm applied to
it by the axle that drives the car. The radius of the tyre is 0.18m. Calculate the driving force
provided by this wheel.
11. A ship is pulled at a constant speed by two small boats, A and B, as shown in Figure. The
engine of the ship does not produce any force.
The tension in each cable between A and B and the ship is 4000 N.
a. Draw a free-body diagram showing the three horizontal forces acting on the ship.
b. Draw a vector diagram to scale showing these three forces and use your diagram to find
the value of the drag force on the ship.
12. A block of mass 1.5 kg is at rest on a rough surface which is inclined at 20° to the horizontal
as shown in Figure.
a. Draw a free-body diagram showing the three forces acting on the block.
b. Calculate the component of the weight that acts down the slope.
c. Use your answer to b to determine the force of friction that acts on the block.
d. Determine the normal contact force between the block and the surface.
13. The free-body diagram shows three forces that act on a stone hanging at rest from two
strings.
a. Calculate the horizontal component of the tension in each string. Why should these two
components be equal in magnitude?
b. Calculate the vertical component of the tension in each string.
c. Use your answer to b to calculate the weight of the stone.
d. Draw a vector diagram of the forces on the stone. This should be a triangle of forces.
e. Use your diagram in d to calculate the weight of the stone
14. The force F shown in Figure has a moment of 40 Nm about the pivot. Calculate the
magnitude of the force F.
15. The asymmetric bar shown in Figure has a weight of 7.6 N and a centre of gravity that is
0.040 m from the wider end, on which there is a load of 3.3 N. It is pivoted a distance of
0.060 m from its centre of gravity. Calculate the force P that is needed at the far end of the
bar in order to maintain equilibrium.
16. a. State the two conditions necessary for an object to be in equilibrium.

b. A metal rod of length 90 cm has a disc of radius 24 cm fixed rigidly at its centre, as shown
in Figure. The assembly is pivoted at its centre.
Two forces, each of magnitude 30 N, are applied normal to the rod at each end so as to
produce a turning effect on the rod. A rope is attached to the edge of the disc to prevent
rotation. Calculate:
i. the torque of the couple produced by the 30 N forces
ii. the tension T in the rope.
17. a. Explain what is meant by the torque of a couple.

b. Three strings, A, B and C, are attached to a circular ring, as shown in Figure.
The strings and the ring all lie on a smooth horizontal surface and are at rest. The tension in
string A is 8.0 N. Calculate the tension in strings B and C.

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1. A parachutist weighs 1000N.

When she opens her parachute, it pulls upwards on her with a

2. The ship shown in Figure is travelling at a constant velocity.

7. A wheelbarrow is loaded as shown in Figure.

16. a. State the two conditions necessary for an object to be in equilibrium.

17. a. Explain what is meant by the torque of a couple.

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