Atomic Numbers

1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A

(1) (2) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18)

3B 4B 5B 6B 7B — 8B — 1B 2B

(3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)

1 1 2

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

3 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

4 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

5 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

6 55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

7 87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 — 114 — — — —

6 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

7 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

In the modern periodic table, the elements are listed in order of

increasing atomic number. The atomic number is the number of
protons in the nucleus of an atom. The number of protons define the
identity of an element (i.e., an element with 6 protons is a carbon atom,
no matter how many neutrons may be present). The number of protons
determines how many electrons surround the nucleus, and it is the
arrangement of these electrons that determines most of the chemical
behavior of an element.
In a periodic table arranged in order of increasing atomic number,
elements having similar chemical properties naturally line up in the
same column (group). For instance, all of the elements in Group 1A are
relatively soft metals, react violently with water, and form 1+ charges;
all of the elements in Group 8A are unreactive, monatomic gases at
room temperature, etc. In other words, there is a periodic repetition of
the properties of the chemical elements with increasing mass.
In the original periodic table published by Dimitri Mendeleev in 1869,
the elements were arranged according to increasing atomic mass — at
that time, the nucleus had not yet been discovered, and there was no
understanding at all of the interior structure of the atom, so atomic mass
was the only guide to use. Once the structure of the nucleus was
understood, it became clear that it was the atomic number that
governed the properties of the elements.

The Elements, sorted by Atomic Number

Atomic Atomic Mass
Symbol Name
Number (amu, g/mol)
1 H Hydrogen 1.00797
2 He Helium 4.00260
3 Li Lithium 6.941
4 Be Beryllium 9.01218
5 B Boron 10.81
6 C Carbon 12.011
7 N Nitrogen 14.0067
8 O Oxygen 15.9994
9 F Fluorine 18.998403
10 Ne Neon 20.179
11 Na Sodium 22.98977
12 Mg Magnesium 24.305
13 Al Aluminum 26.98154
14 Si Silicon 28.0855
15 P Phosphorus 30.97376
16 S Sulfur 32.06
17 Cl Chlorine 35.453
18 Ar Argon 39.948
19 K Potassium 39.0983
20 Ca Calcium 40.08
21 Sc Scandium 44.9559
22 Ti Titanium 47.90
23 V Vanadium 50.9415
24 Cr Chromium 51.996
25 Mn Manganese 54.9380
26 Fe Iron 55.847
27 Co Cobalt 58.9332
28 Ni Nickel 58.70
29 Cu Copper 63.546
30 Zn Zinc 65.38
31 Ga Gallium 69.72
32 Ge Germanium 72.59
33 As Arsenic 74.9216
34 Se Selenium 78.96
35 Br Bromine 79.904
36 Kr Krypton 83.80
37 Rb Rubidium 85.4678
38 Sr Strontium 87.62
39 Y Yttrium 88.9059
40 Zr Zirconium 91.22
41 Nb Niobium 92.9064
42 Mo Molybdenum 95.94
43 Tc Technetium (98)
44 Ru Ruthenium 101.07
45 Rh Rhodium 102.9055
46 Pd Palladium 106.4
47 Ag Silver 107.868
48 Cd Cadmium 112.41
49 In Indium 114.82
50 Sn Tin 118.69
51 Sb Antimony 121.75
52 Te Tellurium 127.60
53 I Iodine 126.9045
54 Xe Xenon 131.30
55 Cs Cesium 132.9054
56 Ba Barium 137.33
57 La Lanthanum 138.9055
58 Ce Cerium 140.12
59 Pr Praseodymium 140.9077
60 Nd Neodymium 144.24
61 Pm Promethium (145)
62 Sm Samarium 150.4
63 Eu Europium 151.96
64 Gd Gadolinium 157.25
65 Tb Terbium 158.9254
66 Dy Dysprosium 162.50
67 Ho Holmium 164.9304
68 Er Erbium 167.26
69 Tm Thulium 168.9342
70 Yb Ytterbium 173.04
71 Lu Lutetium 174.967
72 Hf Hafnium 178.49
73 Ta Tantalum 180.9479
74 W Tungsten 183.85
75 Re Rhenium 186.207
76 Os Osmium 190.2
77 Ir Iridium 192.22
78 Pt Platinum 195.09
79 Au Gold 196.9665
80 Hg Mercury 200.59
81 Tl Thallium 204.37
82 Pb Lead 207.2
83 Bi Bismuth 208.9804
84 Po Polonium (209)
85 At Astatine (210)
86 Rn Radon (222)
87 Fr Francium (223)
88 Ra Radium 226.0254
89 Ac Actinium 227.0278
90 Th Thorium 232.0381
91 Pa Protactinium 231.0359
92 U Uranium 238.029
93 Np Neptunium 237.0482
94 Pu Plutonium (242)
95 Am Americium (243)
96 Cm Curium (247)
97 Bk Berkelium (247)
98 Cf Californium (251)
99 Es Einsteinium (252)
100 Fm Fermium (257)
101 Md Mendelevium (258)
102 No Nobelium (250)
103 Lr Lawrencium (260)
104 Rf Rutherfordium (261)
105 Db Dubnium (262)
106 Sg Seaborgium (263)
107 Bh Bohrium (262)
108 Hs Hassium (255)
109 Mt Meitnerium (256)
110 Ds Darmstadtium (269)
111 Rg Roentgenium (272)
112 Uub Ununbiium (277)
113 — —— ———
114 Uuq Ununquadium