A NON-ISOLATED SWITCHED INDUCTOR

QUASI Z-SOURCE DC-DC CONVERTER WITH PV

SYSTEMS FOR IMPROVE POWER QUALITY

PHASE 2 REPORT

Submitted by

I.INDHUMATHI
(612720411002)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

MASTER OF ENGINEERING IN
POWER SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

THE KAVERY ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

ANNA UNIVERSITY::CHENNAI 600 025

SEPTEMBER 2022
 THE KAVERY ENGINEERING COLLEGE
ANNA UNIVERSITY,CHENNAI.

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “A NON-ISOLATED SWITCHED

INDUCTOR QUASI Z-SOURCE DC-DC CONVERTER WITH PV SYSTEMS
FOR IMPROVE POWER QUALITY” is this bonafide work of “I.INDHUMATHI
(612720411002)” who carried out the project work under my supervision. Certified
further that to the best of my knowledge the work reported here in does not form part
of any other thesis or dissertation on the basis of which a degree or award was
conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any other candidate.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Dr.V.THIRUMURUGAN M.E.,Ph.D., Dr.V.THIRUMURUGAN M.E.,Ph.D.,

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT PROJECT SUPERVISOR

Department of Electrical And Department of Electrical And

Electronics Engineering. Electronics Engineering.
The Kavery Engineering College, The Kavery Engineering College,
Mecheri, Salem-636 453. Mecheri, Salem-636 453.

Submitted for the project viva voice held on ,

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We express our heart full thanks to the management of THE KAVERY

ENGINEERING COLLEGE for giving us an opportunity of the completion

of this project in this institution their extemporarily vision been the key to our

destiny.

We dedicate our sincere thanks to our respected principal professor

Dr. V. Duraisamy B.E., M.E., Ph.D., FIE., for this sustained encouragement

for successful completion of this project.

We express our heartfelt tthanks to Dr.V.THIRUMURUGAN

M.E.,Ph.D,HOD. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering for

these valuable suggestions on guidance to the project. His positive approach

had offered instant help in all possible ways from beginning.

We would like to convey our sincere thanks to our guide

Dr.V.THIRUMURUGAN M.E.,Ph.D., Assistant professor Department of
Electrical and Electronic Engineering for his valuable suggestion and guid-
ance to the project.

We also extend our thanks to our faculty members on our friends for

the moral support to us in helping us to successfully complete this project.

We pay our profound gratitude to the almighty god for this invisible

vigilance and less for this fulfillment of the work .Last but not least, we are

grateful thanks to our beloved parents for giving your support and encour-

agement.

I
 ABSTRACT

Solar power is the conversion of solar energy into thermal or electrical

energy. Solar technologies can harness this energy for a variety of purposes,

including electricity generation. In the existing method Transformer less sin-

gle-phase symmetrical Z –Source HERIC Inverter having some drawbacks

such as voltage unbalance, Harmonic distortion and low reducing leakage

current when compare to proposed method. So to overcome the drawback,

this work proposes a quasi-Z-source inverter using the switched Inductor

method. The converter with two capacitors, one diode, and two inductors for

maintaining balance voltage and low leakage current losses in the output.

Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) control methods, termed as

the simple boost method and maximum boost control method results the

relation of the voltage boost inversion ability. An inverter is an essential

material in a solar energy system. It is a way to convert direct current (DC)

power generated by a solar panel to alternating current (AC). Furthermore, the

quasi-z-source converters' input source current and output load current are

both continuous. The quasi-z-source converters are classed as continuous

switched-quasi-z- source converters or discontinuous switched-quasi-z-source

converters based on the sequence of inductor current and system setup.

II
 TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO
ABSTRACT II
LIST OF FIGURE VI
LIST OF TABLES VII
LIST OF ABBREVATIONS VIII
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 LITRATURE REVIEW 4
3 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 13
3.1 Project Description 13
3.2 Mat Lab Software Description 13
3.2.1 Working of The Matlab 14
3.2.2 The Language 14
3.2.3 Graphics 14
3.2.4 External Interfaces 15
3.2.5 Array Pre-Allocation 15
3.2.6 Jit Acceleration 15
3.3 Data Types 16
3.3.1 Array Shapes 16
3.3.2 Function Calls 16
3.3.3 Conditionals And Loops 16
3.3.4 In – Place Computation 16
3.3.5 Multithreaded Computation 17
3.3.6 Desktop Tools And 17
Development Environment
4 EXISTING METHOD 18
4.1 Introduction 18
4.2 Existing Block Diagram 19
III
 4.3 Disadvantages 19
5 PROPOSED METHOD 20
5.1 Introduction 20
5.2 Proposed method 21
5.3 Block Diagram Explanation 21
5.3.1 Switched inductor quasi z- 21
source dc-dc converter
5.3.2 PV array 23
5.3.2.1 Perturb and observe 24
method
5.3.3 Microcontroller (anfis) 25
Adaptive neuro-fuzzy
Inference system (anfis)
Based inductor quasi
z-source dc-dc converter
5.3.4 Inverter 26
6 SIMULATION 28
6.1 Simulink description 28
6.1.1 Simulink 28
6.1.2 Modelling 28
6.1.3 Block libraries 29
6.1.4 Simulation 29
6.1.5 performance 29
6.1.6 component-based modelling 30
6.1.7 modelling guidelines 31
6.1.8 Block creation 31
6.2 Simulation diagram 32
6.3 simulation output 32

IV
7 HARWARE 33
7.1 Proposed hardware model 33
7.2 Hardware specification 34
8 CONCLUSION 35
REFERENCE 36

V
 LIST OF FIGURES
FIG.NO TITLE PAGE NO

1.1 Transformer less Single-Phase Symmetrical 1

Z–Source Network
4.1 Existing Block Diagram 19
5.1 Proposed System Block Diagram 21
5.2 Circuit diagram of switched inductor quasi Z- 22
source Dc-Dc converter
5.3 Graph of Perturb and Observe Method 24
5.4 Model diagram of Adaptive Neuron-Fuzzy 26
Inference system
6.1 Simulation Block Diagram 32
6.2 Simulation Output 32
7.1 Hardware model 33

VI
 LIST OF TABLE

TABLE NO TITLE PAGE NO

7.1 Hardware specification 34

VII
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
PV - Photovoltaic
DC - Direct Current
AC - Alternating Current
LF - Low Frequency
HF - High Frequency
HERIC - Highly Efficient and Reliable Inverter Concept
PWM - Pulse width modulation
SL - Switched Inductor
SC - Switched Capacitor
ZSI - Z-Source Inverter
MMC - Modular Multilevel Converter
VSI - Voltage Source Inverter
MBC - Maximum Boost Control

VII
I
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The classic DC-DC topology is currently classified into two categories: non-
isolated topologies such as Buck type, Boost type, Converters type, and Zeta type
topological structures, and isolation topologies such as forward circuit, a
bidirectional converter circuit, and push-pull circuit topologies. Although
development on the above-mentioned topology of technology is rather developed,
its application is limited due to its single structure and difficult applications. In
addition, to boost the voltage gain of the typical quasi Z-source converter, a
voltage lifting cell consisting of two diodes, two inductors, and one capacitor has
been integrated. The converter, on the other hand, lacks a common ground for
input and output. To increase the converter's voltage gain, a hybrid converter with
two switched inductor circuits and one switched capacitor circuit is recommended.

Figure 1.1 Circuit diagram of quasi z source inverter

However, there are significant disadvantages to this proposed Z-source

design, such as high voltage stress across the switches and capacitors, a big inrush
current, and a low boost factor. Different control tactics were used to overcome
these limitations, such as reducing the voltage stress between the switches and

1
capacitors while increasing the boost. Other techniques, such as Switched
Capacitor (SC), Switched-Inductor (SL), Voltage Multiplier Cells, and Voltage-
Lift (VL) techniques, have been widely employed to increase the step-up capacity
inconsistently demonstrated and cascade designs, in addition to control strategies.
Switching Inductor (SL) approaches have been incorporated into the traditional Z-
source impedance network.

The Z-Source Inverter (ZSI) has recently sparked a lot of attention due to its
clear advantages over the traditional voltage source inverter. For starters, ZSIs
raise the voltage by using the inverter bridge's shoot-through, making them more
suitable for applications with low input voltages, such as photovoltaic and fuel
cells. When the load terminals are shorted through either the lower or top two
switches, the load, and two zero vectors are generated. Many PWM (Pulse Width
Modulation) control techniques have sprung up as a result of these switching states
and their combinations. The most prevalent PWM technique in the Converters is
sinusoidal Continuous in time. Traditional Inductor, on the other hand, prohibits
the use of additional zero vectors or shoot through switching states in QZSI. The
shoot- through state should always be followed by the active state to boost the
output voltage. The complementary activities of the switches inside a leg may be
sufficient to meet this need.

The maximum boost control approach, in contrast to the simple boost and
continuous boost control methods, turns all zero states into shoot-through states
without impacting the active state, resulting in the highest achievable voltage gain
for a given modulation index. The maximum boost control technique was used to
evaluate the following comparisons. To boost the voltage gain of converters,
switched capacitor and switched inductor circuits/units are used in various
converter topologies. Few have recommended using a switched inductor circuit in

2
a multi-level converter to increase the grid converter's voltage gain. By connecting
more levels to the converter circuit, professionals can increase the gain even more.
In the converter topology, actively switched capacitor and switched inductor
circuits are also investigated to reduce the shoot-through time and boost the voltage
of the z-source inverter. These switching inductor converter topologies are widely
employed to boost the converter's gain while reducing voltage strains on the
converter's passive components.

3
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 M. Sharma, A. K. Sharma, A. Gautam, D. Murodia and P. Saxena,
"Analysis of z-source based single stage three-port converter for PV
renewable energy system," International Conference on Communication and
Electronics Systems (ICCES), pp. 1321-1326, 2019.
The solar power unit is needed to increase the lesser voltage of solar panels
to the voltage of the power grid; thus, the converter should have an immense
voltage gain with few switches otherwise it leads to system complexity. A three-
port converter with enhanced topology for renewable power utilization based on
the Z- Source network is suggested to fix these issues well. This Z-source network
symbolizes the suggested converter’s distinctive characteristics. One port of energy
storage system for energy storage and supply, and the last one is for loads.

However, major wind or solar power is tied to climate, and this problematic
or intermittent element added to the grid's complexity. One energy storage system
issue solution is to regulate the output of energy storage systems. Solar power units
are required to increase the lower voltage of solar panels, which necessitates the
use of a high voltage boost converter in a solar energy conversion system with an
energy storage scheme. In addition, the bidirectional energy storage unit balances
output by combining renewable energy systems. It took at least two converters to
connect the PV and the load output.

4
2.2 A. Kumar, Y. Wang, M. Raghuram, S. Kamal, X. Xiong, and X. Pan, "An
improved gain quasi z-source inverter employing active switched network,"
IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Smart Grid and
Renewable Energy (PESGRE2020), pp. 1-5, 2020.
For low voltage input power applications, a high gain converter is a must.
The Z- source inverter has gotten a lot of attention. A great deal of effort has gone
into improving the voltage gain through superior design. However, there is still a
gap in terms of achieving higher voltage gain with the smallest amount of
components. To attain higher voltage gain, a high gain Z-source inverter is
recommended in this way. The active switched network and switched inductor cell
are used in the proposed converter.
The proposed inverter has a better voltage gain and a continuous input
current. To calculate the voltage gain, the operation and steady-state analysis are
presented. The properties of the suggested converter are described via a
comprehensive review. The proposed topology is motivated by the desire to
achieve higher voltage gain with the smallest number of elements possible. The
quasi switched boost topology is the inspiration for the suggested topology (QSBI).
To get a greater voltage gain, the QSBI is changed and extended. The
proposed topology also includes a switched inductor network, two capacitors, and a
diode. Because the inductor is directly linked in series with the source in the
proposed topology, it provides a continuous input current profile.

5
2.3 A. Ho, A. Huynh and T. Chun, "Three-phase modified z-source three-level
t-type inverters with continuous source current," International Aegean
Conference on Electrical Machines and Power Electronics (ACEMP) &
International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic
Equipment (OPTIM), , pp. 439-444, 2019.
Impedance Network Inverters (INIs) are the best voltage- and current-source
inverter alternatives. Such converters are ideal choices for a variety of applications
due to their boosting capability and shoot-through solution. Hard switching, on the
other hand, compels the converter to run at a low switching frequency, Resulting in
a bulky impedance network. Furthermore, the trade-off between voltage gain and
modulation index is created by the coupling between the shoot-through duty cycle
and inverter modulation index (output voltage harmonics).The use of a
revolutionary dual switching frequency modulation to reduce the converter's
switching losses resulted in a smaller impedance network. A high-frequency Pulse
Width Modulation (PWM) is combined with a low-frequency sinusoidal pulse
width modulation in the proposed approach. As a result, switching losses are
reduced significantly in comparison to the traditional basic boost modulation.
2.4 F. A. Khera, C. Klumpner and P. W. Wheeler, "Integrating a single z-
source network with a modular multilevel converter for voltage boosting,"
2019 IEEE 15th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference and 5th IEEE
Southern Power Electronics Conference (COBEP/SPEC), pp. 1-6, 2019.

To give voltage boosting capacity to a voltage step-down converter, a Z-

source network is combined with a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC). The
proposed Z-source modular multilevel converter uses a single Z-source network
that is interconnected between the respective terminals of the DC input source and
the DC-link terminals of the MMC to reduce the growth in complexity. The
earlier

6
published a reduced inserted cells (RICs) PWM modulation approach for quasi Z-
source MMC (QZS-MMC), but the two quasi Z- source networks required a big
inductor. This means that using the RICs scheme with the source MMC is better
than using the QZS-MMC. The derivation of key design and the operation concept
of the Z-source MMC employing the RICs scheme.

The submodule is the MMC phase-leg (SM). The SMs can be implemented
in a variety of ways, including half-bridge, full-bridge, and three-level neutral
point clamped. In comparison to other configurations, the half-bridge SMs based
MMC has the lowest power losses due to the lesser number of semiconductor
devices in the current path.

MMC with half-bridge SMs, on the other hand, is limited in its capacity to
create output voltages greater than half of the DC-source voltage, which may be
required in some applications. The ZS-basic network's architecture is based on the
use of input diodes, which are required for the voltage boost mechanism and
cannot be removed. To avoid any problems, the active switches should be
connected in antiparallel to the input diodes, as shown in the single- phase
converter.

A unique Z-Source Modular Multilevel Converter (ZS-MMC) topology

capable of buck and boost voltages. The technology of Reduced Inserted Cells
(RICs) was applied. RICs approach is more convenient with ZS-MMC than with
quasi Z-source modular multilevel converter (QZS-MMC) since the inductor
currents have significantly lower ripple, allowing for smaller inductor size.

7
2.5 C. Qiming, Z. Miaozhen, S. Yuying, P. Peng, Z. Denghui and P. Daogang,
"Three- level neutral-point-clamped enhanced quasi-z-source inverter," 5th
International Conference on Power and Renewable Energy (ICPRE), pp. 311-
315, 2020.
The method proposes an augmented three-level neutral-point-clamped quasi-
Z- source inverter (3L NPC QZSI) architecture to address the shortcomings of the
classic Z- source topology. The benefits of a three-level neutral point-clamped
inverter are combined with the advantages of a quasi-z-source network in this new
architecture. In comparison to standard topologies, new topologies can improve
inverter boost performance, reduce capacitor voltage stress, and reduce start-up
shock current.

In comparison to a two-level Voltage Source Inverter (VSI), the 3L-NPC

inverter provides several advantages, including lower voltage stress on the
switching device and lower harmonic distortion. However, VSI's output voltage
cannot exceed the input voltage. Furthermore, the dead time must be included to
avoid the problem of shoot-through, however, this can create waveform distortion.
The new topology has a better boost effect and may be used in industrial
applications with the same shoot-through duty ratio and input voltage. The new
design successfully reduces capacitor voltage stress and suppresses starting current,
which helps to reduce capacitor volume, safeguard power electronics, and save
money.
2.6 V. Jagan, J. Kotturu and S. Das, "Enhanced-boost quasi-z-source
inverters with two-switched impedance networks," in IEEE Transactions on
Industrial Electronics, vol. 64, no. 9, pp. 6885-6897, 2017.
The continuous input current configuration and the discontinuous input
current configuration of enhanced-boost quasi-Z source inverters with two

8
 switching impedance networks are provided as two topologies for enhanced-boost
quasi-Z source inverters. These suggested inverter topologies, like enhanced-boost
ZSIs, have a high boost voltage inversion at a low shoot-through duty ratio and a
high modulation index, resulting in a higher quality output voltage. These
suggested inverter topologies share common ground with the source and bridge
inverters, overcome the initial inrush problem, draw continuous input current, and
have lower voltage across the capacitors than enhanced-boost ZSIs with two
switched Z-source impedance networks. Furthermore, the input ripple current is
insignificant.
The Maximum Boost Control (MBC) technique was introduced to raise
the input voltage and reduce voltage stress across the switch without making any
changes to the circuit elements of the impedance network. In MBC, the flow-
through period fluctuates at six times the output frequency, causing capacitor
voltage and inductor current to ripple.
2.7 Ho, Anh-Vu; Ji-Suk Hyun, Chun, Tae-Won; Lee, Hong-Hee, “Embedded
quasi- Z-source inverters based on active switched-capacitor structure”, 42nd
Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. 2016

There are some limitations to the traditional DC TO AC converter, they are

typically used to buck or increase their output voltage in most applications, but not
both. For three-phase voltage source inverters, several pulse width control
mechanisms are employed traditionally. The V-source inverter has six active
vector.Because the lower and top three devices are short-circuited, two extra zero
states will occur when the dc voltage is applied across the load. Furthermore,
switching the upper and lower devices of the V-source together will kill the power
device. As a result, power devices require dead time for protection, which will result
in harmonic distortion at the output.

9
 Shoot-through duty ratio and modulation index are two factors that can be
used to change the output of a typical Z-source inverter. The voltage boosts the
factor of the ZSI by changing the shoot-through duty ratio, and can change the AC
output voltage by changing the modulation index. During operation, the
modulation index and the shoot- through duty ratio must be balanced. The shoot-
through duty ratio should be small if the modulation index is high, and vice versa.
Large shoot-through duty ratios can produce a strong boost factor, which will raise
the inverter bridge voltage from a few low voltages. As a result, a high shoot
through-duty ratio and a low modulation index are employed.
2.8 T. Chaiyakun, P. Liutanakul, and N. Wiwatcharagoses, "Feasibility of
reduced- order modeling of z-source impedance network: applications for
switching power converter designs," International Electrical Engineering
Congress (IEECON), pp. 1- 4. 2017.
Renewable energy is energy that comes from natural resources that are
regenerated at a constant rate, such as sunshine, wind, tides, and geothermal heat.
Wind, biomass, geothermal, Thermoelectric Generation (TEG), Solar Photovoltaic
(SPV), tidal, and wave energy systems are all examples of these. Renewable
energy sources, such as solar and wind energy, are clean, inexhaustible, and
considered "free" energy sources. Because of the accessibility, quantity, and
sustainability of solar radiant energy, photovoltaic energy is the most commonly
used of all these renewable energy sources. These photovoltaic or solar cells
generate electricity straight from the thermal light. However, at a specific terminal
voltage, the solar cell or module delivers the peak (or maximum) power.

Much active impedance (Z)-source inverters (i.e., the impedance network

consisting of one active switch, two diodes, and one capacitor) were proposed in the
literature which produces the boot factor about the same as that of the traditional

1
SSIs. But, the main drawbacks of these topologies are more stress across the
capacitor and semiconductor switches. Generally, Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) module
systems need high boost inverters to connect them to the grid/load. Therefore, to
increase the boost factor, the switched- inductor Z-source inverter (SL-ZSI) was
presented. But, the SL-ZSI has the same drawbacks as the traditional ZSI.
2.9 M. Aleenejad, H. Mahmoudi, P. Moamaei, and R. Ahmadi, "A fault-
tolerant strategy based on fundamental phase shift compensation for three-
phase multilevel converters with quasi-z-source networks," IEEE Power and
Energy Conference at Illinois (PECI), pp. 1-6, 2016.
The Z-Source Inverter (ZSI) is a lot more intriguing, however, because
this is a fourth-order system, it is extremely intricate. The higher-order model
continues to pose a significant challenge in the design of switching power
converters for a variety of applications. The viability of reduced-order modeling of
a Z-source impedance network is investigated in the present study. ZSI's small-
signal model is discovered via the PWM switch technique. As a result, it is simple
to locate the ZSI transfer function that is of interest. The reduced-order modeling
method is also discussed step by step.

However, for the sake of simplicity, the majority of the impedance source
networks were examined using a basic boost control method. Improved enhanced-
boost Z-source inverters are provided in this thesis, which provides high voltage
boost in a single-stage with low shoot-through duty ratio and high modulation
index, as well as sharing common ground with the source and inverter bridge, with
high reliability. Furthermore, the topologies are given here decrease the problem of
starting inrush current and capacitor stress. The inductance and capacitance design
expressions are obtained.

1
2.10 T. Penthia, M. Mangaraj, A. K. Panda and S. K. Sarangi, "Modeling of
Z- source network for DSTATCOM," 2016 National Power Systems
Conference (NPSC), 2016, pp. 1-6

The developers have a significant challenge in selecting an adequate adaptive

controller and circuit topology for the DSTATCOM to mitigate power quality
issues. Harmonics in current, current unbalance, voltage unbalance, Voltage
Sag/Swell, over- voltage, under-voltage, voltage flashing, and other issues can
occur in the distribution system. The widespread usage of non-linear loads such as
adjustable speed drives, solid- state voltage controllers, rectifiers with filter
inductance, and switch-mode power supply is the source of these issues.
Overheating, motor vibration, poor power factor, excessive neutral current,
capacitor blowing, and communication interference are all symptoms of this type
of load.

1
 CHAPTER 3
SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
3.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The proposed system that is going to be described in this phase is done using
the Mat Lab Simulink model. To get the desired output, the simulation circuit has
been designed in Mat Lab software by using the respective components that are
present in the Mat Lab Simulink. This simulation circuit will be described in detail
below.
3.2 MAT LAB SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
MATLAB a high-performance language for technical computing integrates
computation, visualization, and programming in an easy-to-use environment where
problems and solutions are expressed in familiar mathematical notation. It is a
prototyping environment, meaning it focuses on the ease of development with
language flexibility, interactive debugging, and other conveniences lacking in
performance-oriented languages like C and FORTRAN. While Mat lab may not be as
fast as C, there are ways to bring it closer. Want to spend less time total from
developing, debugging, running, and obtaining results.
It is an interactive system whose basic data element is an array that does not
require dimensioning. It allows the method to solve many technical computing
problems, especially those with matrix and vector formulations, in a fraction of the
time it would take to write a program in a scalar with no interactive language such as
C or FORTRAN. The name MATLAB stands for matrix laboratory. MATLAB was
originally written to provide easy access to matrix software developed by the
LINPACK and EISPACK projects. Today, MATLAB engines incorporate the
LAPACK and BLAS libraries, embedding the state of the art in software for matrix
computation. It has evolved over years with input from many users.

1
 In university environments, it is the standard instructional tool for introductory
and advanced courses in mathematics, engineering, and science. In industry,
MATLAB is the tool of choice for high-productivity research, development, and
analysis.
It features a family of add-on application-specific solutions called toolboxes.
Very important to most users of MATLAB, toolboxes allow the method to learn and
apply specialized technology. Toolboxes are comprehensive collections of MATLAB
functions (M-files) that extend the MATLAB environment to solve particular classes
of problems. The method can add on toolboxes for signal processing, control systems,
neural networks, fuzzy logic, wavelets, simulation, and many other areas.
3.2.1 WORKING OF THE MATLAB
3.2.2 The Language
The MATLAB language is a high-level matrix/array language with
control flow statements, functions, data structures, input/output, and object-
oriented programming features. It allows both "programming in the small" to
rapidly create quick programs methods do not intend to reuse. The method can
also do "programming in the large" to create complex application programs
intended for reuse.
3.2.3 Graphics
MATLAB has extensive facilities for displaying vectors and matrices as
graphs, as well as annotating and printing these graphs. It includes high-level
functions for two-dimensional and three-dimensional data visualization, image
processing, animation, and presentation graphics. It also includes low-level
functions that allow the method to fully customize the appearance of graphics as
well as to build complete graphical user interfaces on method MATLAB
applications.

1
3.2.4 External Interfaces
The external interfaces library allows the method to write C and
FORTRAN programs that interact with MATLAB. It includes facilities for
calling routines from MATLAB (dynamic linking), for calling MATLAB as a
computational engine, and for reading and writing MAT files.
3.2.5 Array Pre-Allocation
Mat lab's matrix variables can dynamically augment rows and columns.

For example,
>> a = 2
a=
2
>> A (2, 6) = 1
a=
200000
000001
Mat lab automatically resizes the matrix. Internally, the matrix data
memory must be reallocated with a larger size. If a matrix is resized repeatedly
like within a loop this overhead can be significant. To avoid frequent
reallocations, pre-allocate the matrix with the zeroes command.
3.2.6 JIT Acceleration
Mat lab 6.5 (R13) and later feature the Just-In-Time (JIT) Accelerator for
improving the speed of M-functions, particularly with loops. By knowing a few
things about the accelerator, the method can improve its performance.
The JIT Accelerator is enabled by default. To disable it, type \ feature in
the console, and feature on to enable it again. As of Mat lab R2008b, only a

1
 subset of the Mat lab language is supported for acceleration. Upon encountering
an unsupported feature, acceleration processing falls back to the non-accelerated
evaluation. Acceleration is most effective when significant contiguous portions
of code are supported.
3.3 DATA TYPES
Code must use supported data types for acceleration: double (both real and
complex), logical, char, int8 {32, uint8 {32. Some strut, cell, class def, and function
handle usage is supported. Sparse arrays are not accelerated.
3.3.1 Array Shapes
Array shapes of any size with 3 or fewer dimensions are supported.
Changing the shape or data type of an array interrupts acceleration. A few
limited situations with 4D arrays are accelerated.
3.3.2 Function Calls
Calls to built-in functions and M-functions are accelerated. Calling MEX
functions and Java interrupts acceleration. (See also page 14 on inclining simple
functions.)
3.3.3 Conditionals And Loops
The conditional statements if, else if, and simple switch statements are
supported if the conditional expression evaluates to a scalar. Loops of the form
for k = a: b, for k = a: b: c, and while loops are accelerated if all code within the
loop is supported.
3.3.4 In – Place Computation
Introduced in Mat lab 7.3 (R2006b), the element-wise operators (+.*, etc.)
and some other functions can be computed in-place. That is, a computation likes
x = 5*sort (x.ˆ2 + 1);
It handled internally without needing temporary storage for accumulating

1
the result. An M-function can also be computed in-place if its output argument
matches one of the input arguments.
x = my fun(x);
Function x = my fun(x)
x = 5*sort (x.ˆ2 + 1);
Return;
To enable in-place computation, the in-place operation must be within an
M-function (and for an in- place function, the function itself must be called
within an M-function). Currently, there is no support for in-place computation
with MEX-functions.
3.3.5 Multithreaded Computation
Mat lab (R2017a) introduced multithreaded computation for multi-core
and multiprocessor computers. Multithreaded computation accelerates some per-
element functions when applied to large arrays (for example, ^, sin, exp) and
certain linear algebra functions in the BLAS library. To enable it, select File!
Preferences! General! Multithreading and select \Enable multithreaded
computation." Further control over parallel computation is possible with the
Parallel Computing Toolbox.
3.3.6 Desktop Tools And Development Environment
This part of MATLAB is the set of tools and facilities that help
method use and become more productive with MATLAB functions and files.
Many of these tools are graphical user interfaces. It includes the MATLAB
desktop and Command Window, an editor and debugger, a code analyzer,
browsers for viewing help, the workspace, and files, and other tools.

1
 CHAPTER 4
EXISTING METHOD

4.1 INTRODUCTION

In the existing method, a single-phase symmetrical Z-Source HERIC

inverter and the associated modulation strategy are used. Furthermore, due to the
required through operation, impedance source networks cannot be directly
connected between PV panels and transformer-less topologies. The challenge in
this method is to modify modulation strategies or switching patterns to alleviate the
variation of the common-mode voltage. This method describes a transformer less
single-phase symmetric Z-source HERIC inverter with low leakage currents. It is an
attempt to use the Highly Efficient and Reliable Concept (HERIC) and an
impedance source (Z-source) network in PV applications to maintain a constant
common-mode voltage and thus low leakage currents. Two additional active
switches are required for the symmetric Z-source HERIC inverter. Despite this, the
operation frequency of the two switches is the same as the line frequency, resulting
in negligible losses. More importantly, the performance in terms of low leakage
currentsand harmonics has been enhanced.

1
4.2 EXISTING BLOCK DIAGRAM

BATTERY HERIC
Inverter
D

SYMMETRICAL Z-SOURCE NETWORK

C
SOLAR PANEL

B
AC LOAD
U
PWM CONTROLLER TECHNIQUE

Figure 4.1 Existing Block Diagram.

4.3 DISADVANTAGES
 Limitation on the maximum operating frequency
 Distortion in the output waveform
 The peak amplitude and duration of the output depend on the load
parameters resulting in poor regulation of the parameters.
 The efficiency of power quality is low when compared to the proposed method.

1
 CHAPTER 5

PROPOSED METHOD
5.1 INTRODUCTION
In this method, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)
technique based parameters such as sampling rate and Improved Perturb and
observe values significantly impact the inter harmonic form characteristic of P.V.
systems. The non-isolated switched Inductor quasi z-source connected based
inductors is recovered by the passive clamp circuit, which also limits the switch, the
voltage gain of the converter is increased by configuring the passive clamp and
voltage multiplier circuits. From the controller technique, maximum power point
tracking produces inter harmonic emission, and Inter harmonics are one of the most
important sources of improving the source voltage and current. The battery load
source indicates the battery level, while connected bidirectional DC-DC converter
and Quasi Z-source converter (QZSI) is circuit converts coming from Direct Current
(D.C.) the power source into Direct Current (D.C.) with the flow of Limiter and
battery storage. The output result is better power quality and better gain without any
distortion of the output from the Renewable Energy System.

2
5.2 PROPOSED METHOD DC BUS

SWITCHED INDUCTOR QUASI Z- SOURCE DC-DC CONVERTER

SOLAR INVERTER
FILTER

BATTERY DC TO DC CONVERTER LOAD

MICROCONTROLLER (ANFIS)

Figure 5.1 Block diagram of proposed system

5.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM EXPLANATION

5.3.1 Switched Inductor Quasi Z-source DC-DC Converter.
The novel switched-inductor quasi-Z-source inverter, proposed
topology's boost ability is enhanced when compared to classic topologies.
Voltage stress is reduced in capacitors, diodes, and power devices, and the
current ripple in the DC voltage source is suppressed. The efficiency of
conversion is also improved and topology's operation principle is thoroughly
examined and compared to that of similar topologies. Experiments and
experiments on a laboratory prototype are used to validate the feasibility of
the proposed topology.

2
 DC-DC converters generate controlled variable DC voltage from
fixed DC voltage, which can be step up or step down voltage depending on
the system's power circuit. Various converter classifications were devised
based on operation, such as buck, boost, and buck-boost converters. Primitive
converters only produce a single output, and for applications that require
multiple sources, the circuit becomes cumbersome. Hence In the material,
single inductor multiple output DC-DC converters were proposed to obtain
multiple outputs from a single circuit for various electronic applications. This
circuitry employs additional switches to distribute the inductor current among
the various output voltages generally suitable for low-power applications.

Figure 5.2 Circuit diagram of Switched Inductor Quasi Z source

DC-DC Converter

2
 A simple change in the circuitry, an attempt is made to convert
the aforementioned converter to produce dual output. The converter of
interest is a DC-DC converter with a quasi Z source. The benefit of this
converter is that it has a high boost value while putting less strain on the
components.

To generate dual output, the new modified isolated quasi Z

source DC-DC converter employs mutually coupled devices such as
transformers. DC-DC converters are used solely as a power conditioning unit
for renewable energy sources. They convert fixed DC to variable DC by
continuously switching the switching device ON and OFF. DC-DC converters
are classified as buck, boost, or buck-boost depending on their operation.

5.3.2 PV Array
A photovoltaic network is a collection of photovoltaic solar panels or
modules that are electrically connected and installed in a long-lasting
structure to produce more energy. The development's primary function is to
design an independent electricity production system, such as a small load
house located in a hilly area or not connected to a low load of the electricity
network. The design of such a load employs a system that converts the
electricity generated by a photovoltaic generator into an AC load using a
dynamic and parallel supply load or stores it in a storage element. Solar
panels are used to avoid the installation of photovoltaic solar panels.

If the panel terminals are open and the voltage between them equals the
maximum open-circuit voltage, this is referred to as the panel. At the moment,
there is zero, infinite resistance off-panel cut. The point of the current and
voltage points has reached the perception of the connection point curve,

2
which consists of determining the so-called V-I curve, between these two
extremely different load resistance states. This curve is known as the V-I
characteristic of this panel. V-I curve and output power curve When the
diagram current is zero and the voltage is zero, the curve and panel power at
any point in watts are calculated by multiplying the two currents and voltage.

5.3.2.1 Perturb and Observe Method

This is a popular method for calculating Maximum tracking, As a
result, the controller regulates the voltage with a small amount of energy from
the network and measures it, and as the power increases, the power no longer
requires additional regulation in the direction until it increases. This is known
as the perturbation and observation method. The basic idea behind this
method is to disrupt the system by varying the operating voltage of the PV
module and observing the effect of the output power supplied by the module.
If the output power increases, the voltage rise will continue until the battery
voltage first rises and the output power begins to fall.

Figure 5.3 Graph of Perturb and Observe Method.

2
 As the output power decreases, so does the voltage until it reaches the
maximum power applied to the cell. This procedure is repeated until the
Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is reached. This causes the
output power of the surrounding MPP to oscillate. This PV module's output
power curve is a function of voltage (PV curve).
The PV module shall operate at a point away from the point of
maximum power under constant irradiance and constant module temperature.
So, check to see if a slight disturbance acquired the PV module's operating
voltage at power.

5.3.3 Microcontroller (ANFIS) Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System

(ANFIS) based Inductor Quasi Z-source DC-DC Converter.
The power generated by a Photovoltaic (PV) module is heavily influenced by
module temperature and Sun irradiation. A controller is usually included in
the system to extract the most power from PV modules. Methods such as
Perturb & Observe and Incremental Conductance were previously used to
control output power. These methods, while simple to implement, face
several challenges. They have a slow tracking speed, a low convergence rate,
and are subject to rapid
variations even under steady-state conditions. The Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy
Inference System (ANFIS) was created to extract as much power as possible
from a non-linear PV module. The ANFIS controller is designed to take
irradiance and temperature as input parameters to provide a crisp voltage
value that can deliver maximum power in all conditions.

2
 Figure 5.4 Model diagram of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference
System
Because non-conventional energy sources are incorporated into the electrical
system, the use of conventional energy sources is reduced. Currently, several
researchers are focusing on the scarcity of resources to raise awareness about
renewable energy sources. The power management system in the electrical system is
critical for obtaining the maximum amount of output power from multi-input and
multi-output renewable energy systems. As a result, this method focused on the
design of an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Controller (ANFIS) controller in a multi-input
and multi-output power management system of small-scale electrical systems to
achieve a higher level of electrical generating electricity from renewable energy
systems.

5.3.4 INVERTER
An inverter is a piece of electronic equipment or hardware that converts
Direct Current (DC) To Alternating Current (AC). The information voltage, yield
voltage, recurrence, and overall force handling are all determined by the design of

2
the specific gadget or hardware. The force is generated by a DC source, such as a
battery, rather than by the inverter itself. In most cases, when we talk about an
inverter, we are referring to a combination of an inverter circuit and a battery. It
can also be combined with other sources of energy, such as wind or sunlight.

The output current is controlled by current source inverters. In series, a

large-value inductor is connected to the inverter's input DC line. In addition, the
inverter serves as a current source. The inverter output must have voltage source
characteristics. Capacitors are required between each phase-to-phase of motor
input in motor applications. To suppress surge voltage caused by an inductive load,
a large-value snubber is sometimes required. A snubber loss increases in such
cases. When compared to voltage source type inverters, this capacitor and motor
inductance act as a kind of filter to reduce motor ripple current.

A power inverter is a device that uses electronic circuits to convert electrical

power from DC to AC. Its typical application is to convert battery voltage to
standard household AC voltage, allowing electronic devices to be used when AC
power is unavailable. There are three types of inverters, the first set of which
produced a Square Wave signal at the output and are now obsolete. The Modified
Square Wave Inverter, also known as the Modified Sine Wave Inverter, generates
square waves with some dead spots at the output between positive and negative
half-cycles. Pure Sine Wave inverters provide the cleanest utility-like power
source. The current inverter market is transitioning away from traditional Modified
Sine Wave inverters.

2
 CHAPTER 6

SIMULATION

6.1 SIMULINK DESCRIPTION

6.1.1 Simulink
A block diagram environment for multi-domain simulation and Model-
Based Design. It supports system-level design, simulation, automatic code
generation, and continuous test and verification of embedded systems. Simulink
provides a graphical editor, customizable block libraries, and solvers for
modeling and simulating dynamic systems. It is integrated with MATLAB,
enabling the method to incorporate MATLAB algorithms into models and export
simulation results to MATLAB for further analysis. To model a system and then
simulate the dynamic behavior of that system. The basic techniques method used
to create the simple model in this tutorial is the same techniques that the method
used for more complex models. To create this simple model, the method needs
four Simulink blocks. Blocks are the model elements that define the mathematics
of a system and provide input signals.
6.1.2 Modelling
To the model algorithms and physical systems using block diagrams. The
method can model linear and nonlinear systems, factoring in real-world
phenomena such as friction, gear slippage, and hard stops. A comprehensive
library of predefined blocks helps the method to build models. The method adds
blocks from the library to the method model using the Simulink Editor. In the
editor, connect blocks by way of signal lines to establish mathematical
relationships between system components. The method can also refine the model
appearance and add masks to customize how users interact with the model.

2
 The method can design method models to be hierarchical by organizing
groups of blocks into subsystems. This approach enables the method to build
discrete components that reflect the method real-life system and simulate the
interaction of those components.
6.1.3 Block Libraries
Blocks are the main elements method used to build models in Simulink
the Library Browser to browse and search the block libraries. When the method
finds the block method want to use, add it to the method model.
6.1.4 Simulation
On the can interactively simulate method system and view the results on
scopes and graphical displays. For simulation of continuous, discrete, and
mixed-signal systems, the method can choose from a range of fixed-step and
variable-step solvers. Solvers are integration algorithms that compute system
dynamics over time. The integration of Simulink and MATLAB enables the
method to run unattended batch simulations of method Simulink models using
MATLAB commands. This tutorial shows how to simulate the model of a
dynamic system using Simulink software, and then use the results to improve the
model. After the method prepares the simulation model, the method can use an
interface to input measured system data and set room temperature.
6.1.5 Performance
A high-performance Simulink model compiles and simulates quickly.
Simulink provides techniques that the method can use to speed up the model
simulation. As a first step to improving simulation performance, use
Performance Advisor. Performance Advisor checks for conditions that might be
slowing down methods simulations. The tool can automatically make changes to
the method model to address these conditions or the method can review and

2
apply suggested changes manually. Performance Advisor can check method
model for conditions and settings that can slow down simulation speed.
It can recommend modeling Controllers, implementing them
automatically, and running simulations in accelerator mode for method. Use
Accelerator and Rapid Accelerator modes to achieve faster simulation without
changing the model itself. Achieve faster simulation with method models by
manually employing some of these Controller techniques.
6.1.6 Component-Based Modeling
The component-based modeling and modular design. The method can
segment the method model into design components and then model, simulate,
and verify each component independently. The method can save individual
components as subsystems in a library or as separate models. Team members
can then work on those components in parallel. Use Simulink Projects to
organize large modeling projects by finding required files, managing and sharing
files and settings, and using source control. A component is a piece of methods
design, a unit-level item, or a subassembly, that method can work on without
needing the higher-level parts of the model.
Componentization involves organizing the method model into
components. Componentization provides many benefits for organizations that
develop large Simulink models that consist of many functional pieces. These
componentization techniques support a wide range of modeling requirements for
models that vary in size and complexity. Most large models use a combination of
componentization techniques. Simulink provides tools to convert from
subsystems to model referencing. Because of the differences between
subsystems and model referencing, switching from subsystems to model
referencing can involve several.

3
6.1.7 Modeling Guidelines
These modeling guidelines help method develop models and generate
code using Model-Based Design with Math works products. Applying these
guidelines can improve the consistency, clarity, and readability of method
models. The guidelines also help the method to identify model settings, blocks,
and block parameters that affect simulation behavior or code generation.
The high-integrity guidelines and corresponding Model Advisor checks
are summarized in the table. For the guidelines that do not have Model Advisor
checks, it is not possible to automate the checking of the guideline. Guidelines
without a corresponding model.
6.1.8 Block Creation
With the built-in modeling functionality provided by Simulink, you can
create custom blocks and add them to the Simulink Library Browser.
You can create a custom block from a MATLAB function MATLAB
Function blocks enable you to use the MATLAB language to define custom
functionality, and these blocks are a good starting point.
 You have an existing MATLAB function that models the custom
functionality.

 You find it easier to model custom functionality using a

MATLAB function than using a Simulink block diagram.

 The custom functionality does not include continuous or discrete

dynamic states such as masking a subsystem of other blocks or
incorporating C, C++, or FORTRAN code.

3
6.2 SIMULATION DIAGRAM:

Figure 6.1: Simulation Block Diagram

6.3 SIMULATION OUTPUT:

Figure 6.2: Simulation Output

3
 CHAPTER 7
HARDWARE
7.1 PROPOSED HARDWARE MODEL

Figure 7.1 Hardware Model

 The proposed system of Hardware contains Power supply circuit, Step down
transformer, DC-AC inverter, PWM Controller, AC Lamp.
 Solar energy is an Input source of energy that is connected with a battery and
continuous supply through a rectifier circuit.
 The quasi z source DC-DC converter circuit is when the input is given High, the pulse
inverter of PWM is narrowly varied and the when the input is low the is pulse inverter
of PWM is Highly modulated.
 A DC-DC converter is employed in this method to generate desired voltage and
frequency for a grid connection.

3
  In a buck converter the output voltage is normally less than input voltage, howevera
boost converter has the ability to increase the input voltage based on duty cycle of the
switch.
 A buck-boost converter can either buck or boost the input voltage, A boost converter is
usually applied in renewable energy systems as the output voltage of these systems is
low and unregulated
 The Inverter consists of the pulses it will convert the DC to AC voltage and generate
the PWM (pulse width modulation) and the speed sensor that measure the speed of the
motor and send it to the controller.
7.2 HARDWARE SPECIFICATION.
Hardware Specification Input Ranges Output Ranges

Components

Battery Input power 12V 7.2A

Microcontroller PIC (16F877A) 5V DC 5V DC

Quasi Z source Input power 12V DC 24V DC

DC-DC Converter

Inverter Output power 24V DC 24V AC

Relay Input Power 5V Isolate the Circuit

Transformer step-up 24V AC 230V AC

AC Load Lamp 230V 2A

Table 7.1 Hardware Specification

3
 CHAPTER 8

CONCLUSION

The aim is to integrate the benefits of the switched-capacitor converter and

the quasi-Z-source converter. A novel high step-up quasi-Z-source DC–DC
converter with a single switched-capacitor circuit. By using the same or similar
passive and active components as other high boost DC–DC converters, the
proposed converter can provide higher output voltage gain, lower Harmonic
distortion across the switches, and lower voltage stress across the output diodes. As
a result, the converter's efficiency and reliability can be improved. The topological
derivation, operating principle, parameter selection, and comparison with other
DC–DC converters are all discussed. Finally, both simulation and experimental
results are provided to validate the proposed converter's characteristics.

3
REFERENCES

1. M. Sharma, A. K. Sharma, A. Gautam, D. Murodia and P. Saxena,

"Analysis of z-source based single stage three-port converter for PV
renewable energy system," International Conference on Communication and
Electronics Systems (ICCES), pp. 1321-1326, 2019.
2. Kumar, Y. Wang, M. Raghuram, S. Kamal, X. Xiong, and X. Pan, "An
improved gain quasi z-source inverter employing active switched network,"
IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Smart Grid and
Renewable Energy (PESGRE2020), pp. 1-5, 2020.
3. Ho, A. Huynh and T. Chun, "Three-phase modified z-source three-level t-
type inverters with continuous source current," International Aegean
Conference on Electrical Machines and Power Electronics (ACEMP) &
International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic
Equipment (OPTIM), , pp. 439-444, 2019.
4. F. A. Khera, C. Klumpner and P. W. Wheeler, "Integrating a single z-
source network with a modular multilevel converter for voltage boosting,"
2019 IEEE 15th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference and 5th IEEE
Southern Power Electronics Conference (COBEP/SPEC), pp. 1-6, 2019.
5. Qiming, Z. Miaozhen, S. Yuying, P. Peng, Z. Denghui and P. Daogang,
"Three- level neutral-point-clamped enhanced quasi-z-source inverter," 5th
International Conference on Power and Renewable Energy (ICPRE), pp.
311-315, 2020.
6. V. Jagan, J. Kotturu and S. Das, "Enhanced-boost quasi-z-source inverters
with two-switched impedance networks," in IEEE Transactions on Industrial
Electronics, vol. 64, no. 9, pp. 6885-6897, 2017.

3
7. Ho, Anh-Vu; Ji-Suk Hyun, Chun, Tae-Won; Lee, Hong-Hee, “Embedded
quasi- Z-source inverters based on active switched-capacitor structure”,
42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. 2016.
8. T. Chaiyakun, P. Liutanakul, and N. Wiwatcharagoses, "Feasibility of
reduced- order modeling of z-source impedance network: applications for
switching power converter designs," International Electrical Engineering
Congress (IEECON), pp. 1-4. 2017.
9. M. Aleenejad, H. Mahmoudi, P. Moamaei, and R. Ahmadi, "A fault-
tolerant strategy based on Fundamental Phase Shift Compensation for three-
phase multilevel converters with quasi-Z-source networks," IEEE Power and
Energy Conference at Illinois (PECI), pp. 1-6, 2016.
10. T. Penthia, M. Mangaraj, A. K. Panda and S. K. Sarangi, "Modeling of
Z-source network for DSTATCOM," 2016 National Power Systems
Conference (NPSC), 2016, pp. 1-6.

3
 Jaisakthi Computers <jaisakthicomputers@gmail.com>

Fwd: Acceptance Letter and Manuscript id for your article of IJIAREC-22-306

1 message

indhumathi ilamurugu <iieee1808@gmail.com> 5 September 2022 at 09:04

To: jaisakthicomputers@gmail.com

---------- Forwarded message ---------

From: indhumathi ilamurugu <iieee1808@gmail.com> Date:
Fri, 2 Sep, 2022, 14:38
Subject: Fwd: Acceptance Letter and Manuscript id for your article of IJIAREC-22-306 To:
jaisakthicomputers@gmail.com <jaisakthicomputers@gmail.com>

---------- Forwarded message ---------

From: Ijiarec Journal <ijiarec@gmail.com> Date:
Tue, 30 Aug, 2022, 12:59
Subject: Acceptance Letter and Manuscript id for your article of IJIAREC-22-306 To:
<iieee1808@gmail.com>

Dear Author,

According to your Manuscript Id No. “IJIAREC-22-306” entitled “ANON-

ISOLATEDSWITCHEDINDUCTORQUASIZ-SOURCEDC-DCCONVERTERWITHPVSYSTEMSFORIMP
ROVEPOWERQUALITY" is provisionally accepted for publication in IJIAREC and it is going to be published in the
current issue of IJIAREC

Kindly send the scanned copy of the filled copyright transfer form along with the payment. You can get the
Copyright transfer Agreement Form from www.ijiarec.com and we also attached the Copyright Form with this mail. If you

have any queries, feel free to mail us to ijiarec@gmail.com

Yours Sincerely,
The Editorial Team,
International Journal of Intellectual Advancements and Research In Engineering Computations (IJIAREC)
www.ijiarec.com

Feel free to contact this number: +91 8124600038, +91-9500513080, +91 9704361947.

Reply Forward