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Button Muhsroom

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BUTTON MUSHROOM PROJECT OF M/S LALITA FARMS

1. Type of Mushrooms to be grown – Button mushrooms

2. Procedure to grow mushrooms is explained as follows –

 Phase- I Composting (21 days)– Compost is the key material required for
mushroom production, a good quality compost weighing 30 MT requires
following raw materials –

 Wheat Straw – 10 MT (Dry weight)


 Chicken Manure – 7 MT
 Gypsum Powder – 1 MT
 Urea Powder – 0.30 MT
 Water for mixing – 10-12 MT

 1st Step- all the above-mentioned materials are mixed and watered in an
open land (compost yard) for about 1-2 days.

Figure: Compost material mixed using JCB machine in an open land


 2nd Step – The compost is then put under a compost bunker (commonly
known as Phase – I bunkers) for aerobic decomposition. Size of the bunker
is about 900 sq. ft. area (18 ft. X 50 ft.)

Figure: Phase – I Compost bunker

 The purpose of putting compost under bunkers is aerobic


decomposition for which the prepared compost mix is turned over
several times (4-5 times) over 12 days so that ammonia content in the
compost is completely eliminated during the process.

 1st Turn – 2 days after putting into bunker.

 2nd Turn – 2 days after first turning and mixing.

 3rd Turn – 4 days after second turning and mixing.

 4th Turn- 3 to 4 days after third turning and mixing.

 3rd Step - When ammonia in the compost mixture is eliminated in step-2


then the mixture is put under pasteurization chambers for killing and
eliminating competing fungi, bacteria and other micro-organisms using
high temperatures and by doing air recirculation in bunker tunnels. Doing
this ensures healthy production of mushrooms and better yield. The whole
process of pasteurisation takes around 6-7 days.

Figure: Phase – II Pasteurisation bunker cum tunnels.


 Phase – II Spawning (1 days): Once compost is ready then the process of
spawning takes place where spawns (mushroom seeds) are mixed with the
compost mixture there are generally three kinds of spawning which are as
follows-

(i) Spot Spawning: Lumps of spawn are planted in 5 cm. deep holes made in
the compost at a distance of 20-25 cm. The holes are later covered with
compost.

(ii) Surface Spawning: The spawn is evenly spread in the top layer of the
compost and then mixed to a depth of 3-5 cm. The top portion is covered
with a thin layer of compost.

(iii) Layer Spawning: About 3-4 layers of spawn mixed with compost are
prepared which is again covered with a thin layer of compost like in surface
spawning. The spawn is mixed through the whole mass of compost at the
rate of 7.5 ml./ kg. Compost or 500 to 750 g./ 100 kg. Compost (0.5 to
0.75%).

 Phase – III Growing (40-50 days): Once process of spawning is ready then
compost mixed with spawn is packed in 10 kg polythene bags and shifted to
growing rooms sizing around 1000 sq. ft. area.

Figure: Diagrammatic presentation of growing room

 Step-1 Spawn running (12-14 days): After the spawning process is over,
the compost is filled in polythene bags of 10 kg each spread over
racks/trays and covered with a newspaper sheet or polythene for about
12-14 days. The fungal bodies grow out from the spawn and take about
two weeks (12-14 days) to colonise. The temperature maintained in
cropping room is 23 ± 20 C. Higher temperature is detrimental for growth
of the spawn and any temperature below than that specified for the
purpose would result in slower spawn run. The relative humidity should
be around 90% and a higher than normal CO2 concentration would be
beneficial.
 Step- 2 Casing (1-2 days): After the completion of spawn running process
white fungal patches can be seen in the growing bags after which a layer
of casing is spread over the top layers of the bags consisting of cocopit and
other materials weight about 20% of the weight of the compost about 2
kg per growing bag. Casing layer needed shall weigh around 6 MT for a
compost of about 30MT.

 Step – 3 Fruiting pin heads (6-7 to 14 days): A week after casing is done
under favourable environmental conditions viz. temperature (initially 23 ±
20 C for about a week and then 16 ± 20 C), moisture (2-3 light sprays per
day for moistening the casing layer), humidity (above 85%), proper
ventilation and CO2 concentration (0.08-0.15 %) the fruit body initials
which appear in the form of pin heads start growing and gradually develop
into button stage.

 Step – 4 Harvesting and Yield (20-30 days): The first crop appears about
three weeks after casing. Mushrooms need to be harvested by light
twisting without disturbing the casing soil. Generally mushrooms are
produced in total 3 flushes.

 1st flush comes within 6-7 days of casing. Total output - 2 to 3


MT.

 2nd flush comes within next 7 days. Total output – 2 MT


(approx.)

 3rd flush comes within next 10 days. Total output – 1.5 MT


(approx.)
Figure: Diagram showing mushroom growing process.

Figure: Button mushroom spawn mixing in compost

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