IMPLEMENTATION OF TRAFFIC RULES AND REGULATIONS

IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF MA-AYON, CAPIZ

DARREN B. ALMOSA

WENJAN D. GASPAR

An Undergraduate Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of

The College of Management Capiz State University-

Dayao Satellite in Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

2023
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Ma-ayon was created as Municipality thru Republic Act 1203 signed into law by the late

President Ramon magsaysay, Sr. on March 30, 1955. It was formerly an “arrabal” in the

Municipality of Pontevedra until that eventful day it was created into a new separate

municipality known as the Municipality on Ma-ayon.

It is composed of thirty-two(32) barangays with a land area of 18,002 hectares. Its total

population based on the census survey in the year 2010 is 35,795 with an annual growth rate put

at 1.11%. Ma-ayon is situated in the south-eastern portion of Capiz and is 31.6 kilometers far

from Roxas City, the seat of the provincial government.

It has been observed that there are existing unregistered motorcycles and public utility

vehicles operating in the Municipality of Ma-ayon, Capiz. There are even times that these said

vehicles are used to commit crimes. Some are used as getaway vehicles in the commission of

robbery/holdup in the area. With the prevailing crime situation in the area, it is best that traffic

rules and regulations be strictly implemented in order to address the above mentioned crimes

utilizing unregistered and colorum vehicles and ensure the safety of the public.

In many areas, the rules of the road are codified, setting out the legal requirements and

punishment for breaking them. The rules are set out in the traffic code, which include obligations

but also advice on how to drive sensibly and safely. Traffic laws are regulated by the states and

municipalities through their respective traffic codes. Most of these are based at least in part on

the traffic rules and regulations as prescribed by the law. Traffic laws are the laws which govern
traffic and regulate vehicles, while rules of the road are both the laws and the informal rules that

may have developed over time to facilitate the orderly and timely flow of traffic.

To achieve a positive and measurable impact in the implementation of traffic rules and

regulations in the Municipality of Ma-ayon, Capiz Land Transportation Office (LTO) officers

and police personnels should establish a strong link in order to enhance the implementation of

the traffic rules and regulations. Along this point the researchers would like to conduct an

investigation on the extent of implementation of traffic rules and regulations in the Municipality

of Ma-ayon, Capiz and make contributions, through this study, to the safety of the public.

Statement of the Problem

This study was conducted to determine the implementation of traffic rules and regulations

in the Municipality of Ma-ayon, Capiz.

Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the socio-demographic profile of the respondents?

2. What is the extent of implementation of traffic rules and regulations in the

Municipality of Ma-yon, Capiz.

Significance of the Study

The study can provide additional information about the implementation of traffic rules

and regulations in the Municipality of Ma-ayon, Capiz. Furthermore, results of the study will be

a great help to some concerned agencies and individuals.

information to municipal/barangay officials on the implementation of traffic rules and

regulations in the Municipality of Ma-ayon, Capiz. This information may be used for future

policy formulation relative to the implementation of traffic rules and regulations in the area.

Philippine National Police. The results of this study will give them information on the

implementation of traffic rules and regulations in the Municipality of Ma-ayon, Capiz. This will

help them assess their present program on the implementation of traffic rules and regulations in

the Municipality of Ma-ayon, Capiz and relevant strategies to address any problem can be

undertaken.

Community. Results of this study will provide information to the community on the

implementation of the traffic rules and regulations in the Municipality of Ma-ayon, Capiz.

Members of the community will be made to realize the importance of traffic rules to their safety.

Future Researcher. This will serve as a reference to future researchers who may be

motivated to conduct a similar study on issues relevant to illegal gambling.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The study was limited to the implementation of traffic rules and regulations in the

Municipality of Ma-ayon, Capiz.

Descriptive method was used in the study.

The respondents were limited to the 35 police personnel of the Municipality of Ma-ayon,

Capiz.
 The primary instrument used to gather data was a survey questionnaire. The

questionnaire was composed of two (2) parts. Part I was about the socio-demographic profile of

the respondents in terms of age, sex, civil status, rank, educational attainment, estimated monthly

family income and length of service. Part II sought to determine the extent of implementation of

traffic rules and regulations in the Municipality of Ma-ayon, Capiz.

Descriptive data were analyzed using frequency count, mean and percentage.

Definition of terms

The following definitions were drawn to provide a common frame of reference.

Driver. It refers to every and any licensed operator of a motor vehicle

(https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1964/ra_4136_1964.html). As used in the study, it refers to

the drivers at the Municipality of Ma-ayon, Capiz.

Educational Attainment. This refers to the highest educational level attended or

completed by the respondents (https://www23.statcan.gc.ca/). In this study it was used to refer to

the following categories such as elementary undergraduate, elementary graduate, high school

undergraduate, high school graduate, college undergraduate, college graduated.

Sex. Refers to the different biological and physiological characteristics of males and

females (https://www.coe.int). In this study it used to identify the gender of the respondents.

Census. A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording and calculating

information about the members of a given population. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census). In

this study it used to it was used to measure the total household and population of the

Municipality of Ma-ayon, Capiz.

Traffic. Traffic comprises pedestrians, vehicles, ridden or herded animals, trains, and

other conveyances that use public ways (roads) for travel and transportation.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic). In this study it was used to determine the flow of vehicles

in the Municipality of Ma-ayon, Capiz.

Colorum. It is actually a label that is used to describe vehicles that are masquerading as

public utility vehicles (PUVs). (https://pepealas.wordpress.com). In this study it was used to

identify the commuter vehicles if its registered or not.

Public Utility Vehicles. Public Utility Vehicles (PUV) are road-based motor vehicles

(mostly with four wheels) that provide conveyance to the general public. These vehicles have

dedicated routes and standard fares regulated by the

government.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). In this study it was used to define the legally

registered commuter vehicles in the Municipality of Ma-ayon, Capiz.

Traffic Rules and Regulations. means all applicable laws regarding the usage and

operation of vehicles in general, among others, all kinds of traffic regulations and traffic safety

regulations. (https://www.lawinsider.com/). In this study it was used to find out what kind of

traffic rules and regulations do they implement.

Traffic Codes. laws that generally include provisions relating to the establishment of

authority and enforcement procedures, statement of the rules of the road, and other safety

provisions. Administrative regulations for driver licensing, vehicle ownership and registration,

insurance, vehicle safety inspections and parking violations may also be included, though not

always directly related to driving safety.(https://en.wikipedia.org/). In this study it was used to

find out if they strictly enforced their traffic codes in the Municipality of Ma-ayon, Capiz.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Related literature was reviewed to the point out the relevance of this study to existing knowledge

on the problems stated.

Local Literature

Republic Act No. 4136, an act to compile the laws relative to land transportation and

traffic rules, to create land transportation commission and for other purpose provides; Chapter

IV, Article 1: Traffic Rules, Speed Limit and Keeping to the Right. (a) Any person driving a

motor vehicle on a highway shall drive the same at a careful and prudent speed, not greater nor

less than is reasonable and proper, having due regard for the traffic, the width of the highway,

and any of other condition then and there existing; and no person shall drive any motor vehicle

upon a highway at such a speed as to endanger the life, limb and property of any person, nor at a

speed greater than will permit him to bring the vehicle to a stop within the assured clear distance

ahead. (b) Subject to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the rate of speed of any motor

vehicle shall not exceed the following: Maximum Allowable Speeds Passengers; Cars,

Motorcycles, Motor Trucks and Buses.

Speed limits uniform throughout the Philippines. No provincial, city or municipal authority shall

enact or enforce any ordinance or resolution specifying maximum allowable speeds other than

those provided in this Act (http//www.lawphil.net/statutes).

whole country however, there local ordinance in consonant to the said act is now implemented

with the areas of responsibility by local authorities (hhtp://todaysnewsinmindanao.blogspot).

The strict implementation of the Provincial Highway patrol team in Zambales (PHPT-Zambales)

of the “No Helmet, No Travel” policy under RA 4136 of the Land Transportation Office (LTC)

resulted in the seizure of 27 motorcycles and a van. Provincial HTP Officer Chief Insp. Palmer

Tria said that from July to September, the 27 vehicles were impounded at the PHPT office for

various violations. Investigators said most of the violators either did not wear helmets, or have

no driver’s license, no vehicle registration, expired OR and CR, illegal transfer of plates or

expired registration. Some of the vehicles will be released to their owners upon presentation of

proper documents (http://www.journal.com.ph/index.php).

Foreign Literature

Traffic control devices include street signs, traffic signals, and road markings. These

signs, signals and stripes guide drivers in navigation and control of their vehicles. Traffic signals

are treated above in the section Traffic Signals. Signs and stripings, the other controls, have

usage described in the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). Road signs in the

United States are standardized in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, the history of

the evolution of this document is give. Signs evolved from local practice, cities and states

copying neighbors, and inventing what they needed and then later standardizing (first for rural

and urban areas separately and then jointly) after the value of coordination become apparent

when automobile travelers crossed jurisdictional boundaries (http://en.wikibooks)

considered a dangerous occupation due to the high risk of being struck by passing vehicles.

Safety equipment is vitally important. Fatigue is a big issue, as tired TC’s may forget to watch

their traffic or may inadvertently turn their “Stop bats” to the “Slow” position. Many drivers are

annoyed by the disruption to their route and some sufficiently antisocial as to aim at traffic

controllers. Other driver simply don’t pay enough attention to the road often from using their

mobile (cell-) phones or because they are tired from a night shift at work. Not a few are

exceeding the posted limit (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road).

The Advanced Worksite Traffic Management (AWTM) requires two year’s experience as a

qualified TC as a minimum prerequisite, and must also be renewed after three years. Road works

Traffic Managers can be accredited with a minimum of five years of experience, current “Road

Safety Auditor” accreditation and current AWTM accreditation. This qualification only valid for

three years. All employers require drug screening at least annually and often randomly; many

employers require daily blood/alcohol test; some require police clearance checks. Zero-tolerance

is universal (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road).

In BC, Work Safe regulates the training of Traffic Control Persons (TCPs), stating that TCPs

must be trained in a manner acceptable to the Board. This ensures a high level of training for this

high-risk occupation. Currently, the only acceptable course in the province is a two-day session

which includes theory and practical components. More information can be obtained from the

Construction Safety Network (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road).

In Novia Scotia is regulated by the Nova Scotia Department of Transportation and Infrastructure

Renewal. There is a one-day course for TCPs and a two-day course for Temporary Workplace

Signers. Signers are responsible for the setup signs, cones etc., and making sure the setup
complies with the NS Temporary Workplace Traffic Control Manuel

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road).

Although the Federal Highway Administration the standards and guidelines through the MUTCD

which apply to the usage of traffic control equipment, individual state and local agencies can

provide variations or addition to these standards (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road)

Traffic management in Scotland is handled by Traffic Scotland and Transport Scotland. In

Scotland, as in the rest of the UK, the most iconic image of a traffic controller is in the form of a

“Lollipop man” or “lollipop woman” who aids children in road crossing on their journey to

school (htt://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road).
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter consists of a detailed description of the place and respondent of the study,

data collection, research instrument, validity and reliability of the instrument, data gathering

procedure, scoring of items and methods of statistical analysis.

Research Design

This study used the descripted method of research. Descripted method is a type of

research which describes a situation or a given state of affairs in terms of specified aspect or

factors (David, 2002).

Locale of the Study

This study was conducted at Municipality of Ma-ayon, Capiz during the second semester

of academic year 2022-23

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study were the thirty five (35) police personnel of the

Municipality of Ma-ayon, Capiz.

The primary instrument to gather data was a survey questionnaire. The questionnaire was

composed of two (2) parts. Part I was about the socio-demographic profile of the respondents in

terms of age, sex, civil status, rank, educational attainment, estimated monthly family income

and length of service. Part II sought to determine the extent of implementation of traffic rules

and regulations in the Municipality of Ma-ayon, Capiz. The instrument was presented to the

members of the advisory and examining committee for content and face validation.

Data Gathering Procedure

In collecting the data, the researcher secured permission from the campus administrator,

through a written request, to conduct the study. Another letter was prepared asking permission

from the Chief of Police of Ma-ayon Police Station. Accomplish questionnaires were

immediately and personally collected by the researchers to ensure one hundred percent retrieval.

Data Analysis Procedure

To facilitate the analysis of the data, each item was scored using the following scoring

guide.

Score Scoring Interval Verbal Interpretation

5 4.20 - 5.00 Very High Extent

4 3.40 – 4.19 High Extent

3 2.60 – 3.39 Fairly High Extent

2 1.80 – 2.59 Low Extent

1 1.00 – 1.79 Very Low Extent

The following statistical tools were employed in treating the data of the research.

Percentage. This was used to determine the profile of the respondents.

The percentage is defined by the formula (Pagoso, 2000):

P = (f*100) / n

Where:

P = Percentage

F = Frequency

N = total number of respondents per group

Mean. This was used to determine the average age, average estimated monthly family

income and average length of service of the respondents.

The formula for the mean was adopted from Downie and Heath, (1984)

∑x
x=
N

Where:

∑x = Sum of score

N = Number of respondents

x = Mean