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    Lesson 23

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    James Trigo
    The document discusses the definitions and differences between intuition, proof, and certainty, noting that intuition involves understanding without reasoning, proof requires logical deductive or inductive arguments, and certainty in mathematics is believed to provide absolute truth. It also introduces Polya's four steps for problem solving which are to understand the problem, devise a plan, carry out the plan, and look back.

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    Lesson 23

    Uploaded by

    James Trigo
    42 views19 pages
    The document discusses the definitions and differences between intuition, proof, and certainty, noting that intuition involves understanding without reasoning, proof requires logical deductive or inductive arguments, and certainty in mathematics is believed to provide absolute truth. It also introduces Polya's four steps for problem solving which are to understand the problem, devise a plan, carry out the plan, and look back.

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    Lesson-23

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    The document discusses the definitions and differences between intuition, proof, and certainty, noting that intuition involves understanding without reasoning, proof requires logical deductive or inductive arguments, and certainty in mathematics is believed to provide absolute truth. It also introduces Polya's four steps for problem solving which are to understand the problem, devise a plan, carry out the plan, and look back.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    42 views19 pages

    Lesson 23

    Uploaded by

    James Trigo
    The document discusses the definitions and differences between intuition, proof, and certainty, noting that intuition involves understanding without reasoning, proof requires logical deductive or inductive arguments, and certainty in mathematics is believed to provide absolute truth. It also introduces Polya's four steps for problem solving which are to understand the problem, devise a plan, carry out the plan, and look back.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 19

    LESSON 2: INTUTION, PROOF

    AND CERTAINTY
    OBJECTIVE:
    At the end of the session the students will be able to:
    1. define intuition, proof and certainty;
    2. differentiate intuition, proof and certainty;
    INTUITION
    ØIt is the ability to understand something immediately,
    without the need for conscious reasoning.

    ØIt carries a heavy load of mystery and ambiguity and it is


    also somewhat dangerous, illegitimate substitute for
    formal proof.
    ØIt is counterpart of rigorous.

    Ø“Being intuitive means being visual”

    ØIn some aspects, intuitive is superior it contains a


    valuable quality the rigorous version lacks. On contrary,
    we may misled by visualization where obvious or self-
    evident statements that are dubious or false.
    ØIt is plausible, or convincing in the absence of proof,
    incomplete, holistic or integrative as opposed to
    detailed or analytic.

    ØIt changes from one usage to another.


    ØIt is a natural ability or power that makes it possible
    to know something without any proof or evidence : a
    feeling that guides a person to act a certain way
    without fully understanding why
    PROOF
    ØIt is a inferential argument for mathematical statement.
    In logic, an inference is a process of deriving logical conclusions
    from premises known or assumed to be true.

    The term derives from the Latin term, which means "bring in."
    An inference is said to be valid if it's based upon sound
    evidence and the conclusion follows logically from the premises.
    ØIn mathematical argument, statements such as
    theorems can only be used if it is already proven.

    ØIt is an example of exhaustive deductive reasoning and


    inductive reasoning.
    ØA mathematical proof demonstrates that a certain
    statement is always true in all possible cases. An
    unproved proposition that is believed to be true is
    known as conjecture.

    A mathematician that tries to prove something may gain


    a great deal of understanding and knowledge, even if his
    efforts to prove that conjecture will end with failure.
    CERTAINTY
    ØCertainty is inherited from the ancient past, and is
    religiously motivated, it validity is independent of its
    history and its motivation.
    ØMathematics has a tradition and standard point of view
    that it provides certainty.
    “When a mathematical knowledge is correctly formulated,
    it is forever beyond error and correction”.

    Any possible errors may be attributed to human


    error, comprising carelessness, oversight or mis-
    formulation.
    LESSON 3: POLYA’S
    FOUR – STEPS IN
    PROBLEM SOLVING
    GEORGE POLYA
    (1887 – 1985)
    ØHe believed that the skill of problem solving can be
    thought.
    ØHe developed a framework known Polya’s Four Steps
    in Problem Solving.
    STEP 1: Understand the problem.
    STEP 2: Devise a plan.
    STEP 3: Carry out the plan.
    STEP 4: Look back
    EXAMPLE:
    1. Two times the sum of a number and three is equal to
    thrice the number plus four. Find the number.
    2. If the length of the top of a rectangle 15 inches more than
    its width and the area is 1, 350 square inches. Find the
    dimension of the table.

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